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Mathieu Gineste, Frédéric Nivor, Pascal Berthou, Thierry Gayraud
To cite this version:
Mathieu Gineste, Frédéric Nivor, Pascal Berthou, Thierry Gayraud. SIP-based resource allocation for interactive multimedia applications over DVB-S/RCS satellite system. 15th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT2008), Jun 2008, St Petersbourg, Russia. 6p. �hal-00356846�
#$P&'ased Resource 122ocation for $nteracti7e 8u2ti9edia 1pp2ications o7er D<=&#>/R@#
#ate22ite #Aste9
8. CinesteD E. Fi7orD P. =erthouD and H. CaAraudD LAAS-CNRS University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
!
Abstract— This paper introduces a SIP-based approach to offer QoS guaranties to interactive multimedia applications over an efficient DVB-S2/RCS satellite access assignment scheme (on- demand). It focuses both on the communication opening which represents the weakness of on-demand capacity allocation and optimizes the remaining communication in the satellite context (due to important delays). It finally presents analytical and experimental results of the various proposed enhancements.
Index Terms— multimedia application, quality of service (QoS), satellite, DVB-RCS, DAMA, RBDC, SIP.
$. $FHRIDJ@H$IF
EI#H1H$IF1RL sate22ites offer practica2 and easA&to&
dep2oA MaA for $nternet co99unications o7er the Mor2d.
Nua2itA of #er7ice ONo#P guarantee on the return 2inR has 'een often i9p2e9ented using static resource reser7ation Oe.g. for H< journa2ists MorRing Mhere terrestria2 infrastructure is not a7ai2a'2eP. Fe7erthe2essD due to 2i9ited return 2inR resources Mith high costD the static resources 9anage9ent sche9e is not suita'2e for interacti7e 9u2ti9edia app2ication custo9ersD such as audio&7ideo conferencing. $n order to pro7ide a 9ore efficient use of the return 2inR resources and to reduce their costD a dAna9ic distri'uted approach is proposed in T"U.
Hhe 'asis architecture of such D<=&#>/R@# access sate22ite sAste9 is the fo22oMing: the #ate22ite Her9ina2s O#HsP 'eha7e as access routers to the sate22ite netMorR for the user traffic on the return 2inR channe2. 1 CateMaA OCWP centra2iXes the Mho2e traffic in the sate22ite netMorR and interconnects Mith core netMorRs. Hhe resource 9anage9ent OR8P of the sate22ite netMorR is done 'A an entitA insta22ed in the CateMaA OCW&
R8P. When #Hs Mant to e9it data on the return 2inR channe2D theA e9it periodica2 resource reYuests to the CW&R8. Hhis 2atter periodica22A responds 'A 'roadcasting the resource a22ocation p2an of the return 2inR channe2. ZoMe7erD this a22ocation sche9e introduces 2arge de2aAs Oat 2east [009s in the 'est caseP due to the reYuest/response cAc2e Oc.f. Eig. "P:
>509s for the trans9ission of the resource reYuest^ "009s for the co9putation of the resource a22ocation p2an^ >509s for the
'roadcast of the resource a22ocation p2an.
#uch de2aAs i9pact interacti7e 9u2ti9edia app2ications.
$HJ&H organiXation specifies that such 2atencies are not supported 'A interacti7e app2ications 2iRe audio conference or 7ideo conferencing T>U.
$n this contextD se7era2 propositions ha7e 'een expressed to i9pro7e perfor9ances of the access sche9e for 9u2ti9edia co99unications: T3U uses a predicti7e dAna9ic sche9e that a22ocates free 'andMidth 'ased on an esti9ation of the positi7e 7arAing trend of $nternet traffic at each station. $t uses the statistica2 propertA of $nternet traffic to predict traffic arri7a2s. T4U is 'ased on a Eractiona2 Caussian Foise. $t uses the distri'ution of the inco9ing 'Ates nu9'er in future fra9es. T5U proposes an efficient so2ution 'A adopting contro2 9ethodo2ogies to 9ode2 the sate22ite netMorR entities and to concei7e a 2oad adapti7e =oD protoco2. T[U and TbU use an adapti7e predicti7e contro2 for the input traffic f2oM. HheA for9u2ate the D=1 pro'2e9 as an opti9a2 contro2 pro'2e9 Mith cost trading off Yueue occupancA and 'andMidth Maste.
Hhese MorRs a22oM reducing this de2aA during the co99unication. HheA anticipate the future traffic and reYuest 9ore resources Mithout Maste. ZoMe7erD there is current2A no anticipation so2ution for the 'eginning of the strea9 Oc.f. Eig.
"P. Hhe '2ue cur7e represents traffic 2ea7ing the app2icationD the red cur7e traffic 2ea7ing the #H. Hhe difference is 'uffered in the #H trans9ission Yueue. 1t the 'eginningD the #H reYuests 9ore resources to the CW&R8 in order to drain the first 'uffered pacRets of the 9u2ti9edia strea9. #o the first resources for the 'eginning of interacti7e 9u2ti9edia are a7ai2a'2e in the 'est case at 2east [009s.
C
Eig ". =eginning of a 9u2ti9edia f2oM Mith a dAna9ic a22ocation sche9e
Hherefore this is an inco9pressi'2e de2aA 'ecause of the rea2&
ti9e propertA of tMo&MaA con7ersationa2 7oice and 7ideo f2oMs. $tcs not possi'2e to acce2erate the strea9 in order to catch up the de2aA. Hhis initia2 de2aA degrades the o7era22 interacti7itA of interacti7e 9u2ti9edia app2ications and direct2A increases the end to end de2aA.
Ho fi22 in this gapD this paper presents an approach that i9pro7es the Yua2itA of interacti7e app2ications o7er sate22ite sAste9s: O$P 'A pro7isioning on&de9and resources for the 'eginning of the f2oM trans9ission^ O$$P 'A i9pro7ing the resource reYuest a2gorith9 during the f2oM trans9ission. Hhis approach taRes ad7antage of infor9ation a2readA inc2uded Mithin the session esta'2ish9ent signa2ing.
Hhe paper is structured as fo22oM: #ection > introduces the dep2oA9ent of a session esta'2ish9ent signa2ing protoco2 O#$PP T8U o7er an access sate22ite sAste9. #ection 3 'ased on
#$P detai2s the enhance9ents for interacti7e 9u2ti9edia app2ications using the on&de9and access sche9e for the 'eginning of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM. #ection 4 a2so 'ased on #$P detai2s the enhance9ents concerning the re9ainder of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM. Eina22A section 5 presents si9u2ation and experi9enta2 resu2ts: i9pacts on No# are 9easured through the end&to&end Oe>eP de2aA of app2icati7e data.
$$. #$P I<ER 1 #1HEee$HE #L#HE8
#$P O#ession $nitiation Protoco2P is a session esta'2ish9ent signa2ing used to initiateD 9anage and ter9inate 9u2ti9edia session. Hhe fo22oMing scenario OEig. >P presents hoM #$P can 'e used to esta'2ish a 9u2ti9edia session o7er a sate22ite sAste9.
fnoMing that the CW&R8 represents the entrA point of the sate22ite netMorRD an Iut'ound #$P ProxA is dep2oAed in the CW&R8 side. $t is set up Mith g2oose routeh option and is in charge of the o7era22 #$P sessions in the #ate22ite #Aste9.
1nother #$P ProxA is dep2oAed in each #H side. $t is in charge of #$P sessions fro9 its user netMorR.
'etMeen a ca22er #$P c2ient in the sate22ite netMorR sideD and a ca22ee #$P c2ient in the other terrestria2 side. Hhe ca22er #$P c2ient trans9its a #$P $F<$HE 9essage to the #$P Proxies O"P.
HheA trans9it the in7itation to the ca22ee #$P @2ient O>D 3P. Hhe ca22ee #$P @2ient responds Mith a #$P If 9essage O4P. Hhe
#$P Proxies forMard the response to the ca22er #$P @2ient O5D[P. Hhe ca22er #$P @2ient acRnoM2edges 'A trans9itting a
#$P 1@f 9essage to the ca22ee #$P @2ient ObD""P. Hhe ca22er
#$P @2ient starts to trans9it the 9u2ti9edia f2oM O8P. Hhe #H reYuests resources to the CW&R8 in order to trans9it the data O9P. Hhe CW&R8 responses Mith the resources a22ocation p2an O"0P. Hhe #H trans9its the 9u2ti9edia data to the CW&R8 O">P. Hhe CW&R8 trans9its the 9u2ti9edia data to the re9ote
#$P @2ient. =A using the c2assica2 #$P architectureD the 'eginning of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM is de2aAed at 2east [009s. $n order to 2i9it this initia2 de2aAD Me propose to pro7ision resources 'A using infor9ation integrated in #$P session esta'2ish9ent.
Eig >. #$P session Mith a dAna9ic a22ocation sche9e in sate22ite sAste9
$$$. #$P&=1#ED PRI<$#$IF$FC
Iur first proposition of #$P&'ased resources pro7isioning is rea2iXed in tMo steps Oc.f. Eig. 3P:
EirstD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA 9aRes a resource reYuest to the CW&R8: Ho do soD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA 2ocated on the signa2ing path recei7es the #$P If 9essage O4P. $t trans2ates the Yua2itati7e infor9ation Oe.g. app2ication tApesD 9edia tApesD codec na9esP into precise Yuantitati7e No#
para9eters Oe.g. 'it&rateD pacRet siXeD session idP O5P. Ho achie7e this trans2ationD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA stores a 2oca2 2ist of association 'etMeen japp2icationD 9edia tApeD codec na9ek and jtrans9ission 'it&ratek. #o the a9ount of data reYuired for this session 'efore the 9u2ti9edia f2oM starts is RnoMn. Hhe Iut'ound #$P ProxA is a'2e to 9aRe a precise resource reser7ation reYuest to the CW&R8 O[aP on 'eha2f of the appropriate #H.
Eig 3. #$P&'ased pro7ision in sate22ite sAste9 O2oca2 initiationP
HhenD at the second stepD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA de2aAs the session esta'2ish9ent: the Iut'ound #$P ProxA Reeps the
#$P If 9essage unti2 the resource a22ocation p2an is co9puted. $tcs eYui7a2ent at user 2e7e2 to a 2onger ca22 ringing.
Hhe CW&R8 Marns the Iut'ound #$P ProxA that the resource a22ocation p2an is a'out to 'e sent using a notification O['P. HhenD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA forMards the #$P If 9essage to the ca22er #$P @2ient ObD 8P.
Hhe #$P If 9essage and the resource a22ocation p2an are trans9itted at the sa9e ti9e on the forMard 2inR. #o the #H is a'2e to send i99ediate2A the 'eginning of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM on the return 2inR. This is important because as the opposite of a classical architecture, the multimedia stream is not buffered, but the session initiation is delayed. Then the call setup duration is increased but not the end-to-end delay.
Hhis proposition is adopted Mhen a #$P @2ient inside the sate22ite netMorR initiates the 9u2ti9edia session. =ut Mhen the #$P @2ient inside the sate22ite sAste9 recei7es a 9u2ti9edia session in7itationD the enhance9ents are different Oc.f. Eig. 4P:
Hhe Iut'ound #$P ProxA recei7es the #$P If 9essage O5P.
$t trans2ates the Yua2itati7e infor9ation into precise Yuantitati7e No# para9eters O[P. Hhen it trans9its the #$P If 9essage to the re9ote #$P @2ient ObP. $t perfor9s a resource reser7ation 'ut cannot 9aRe a resource a22ocation 'ecause the session esta'2ish9ent is not Aet co9p2eted.
Ince Iut'ound #$P ProxA recei7es the #$P 1@f 9essage O8PD thanRs to the g2oose routeh optionD it perfor9s the resource a22ocation:
" $t 9aRes the reYuest to the CW&R8 O9aP^
" $t Maits for the CW&R8 notification O9'P.
Eig 4. #$P&'ased pro7ision in sate22ite sAste9 Ore9ote initiationP
HhenD the Iut'ound #$P ProxA forMards the #$P 1@f 9essage to the ca22er #$P @2ient O"0P. Hhus the #H is a'2e to send i99ediate2A the 'eginning of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM on the return 2inR O""P.
$<. #$P&=1#ED 1FH$@$P1H$IF 1eCIR$HZ8
Hhe second proposition opti9iXes the next part of the co99unication. Ince the #Hs ha7e the reYuired resources to trans9it the 'eginning of 9u2ti9edia f2oMsD a resource reYuest a2gorith9 in the #H at 81@ 2e7e2 hand2es the re9aining of the 9u2ti9edia f2oM. Hhe reYuests 9ust 'e periodica2 to opti9iXe the 'andMidth usage and fo22oM as 9uch as possi'2e the 'andMidth 7ariation.
Hhe 9ost e7o27ed a2gorith9s use anticipation 9echanis9s to predict and cope Mith traffic 7ariations. Iur proposition is 'ased on one of the9 T"0U Mhich Mas retained 'A the #at#ix T""U No# architecture.
Hhis a2gorith9 uses an ! anticipation para9eter that increases 9ore or 2ess the resource anticipation. Eixed in the T0^"U inter7a2D this ! factor a22oMs 'a2ancing the a9ount of traffic pre7ious2A recei7ed in the 81@ Yueue for the future resource reYuests.
Eig. 5 su9s up resu2ts fro9 si9u2ations in order to e7a2uate the i9pact of this ! para9eter 'oth on the 2atencA and the efficiencA of this a2gorith9. $n this experi9entationD the input traffic is a 7ideo&conferencing f2oM using Z.>[4 codec T"3UD Mith trans9ission 'it&rates 7arAing 'etMeen b00f'it/s in a7erage and >8'it/s in peaR.
Jp2inR uti2iXation efficiencA TlU
Nueuing de2aAT9sU
300 400 500 600 700
75 77.5 80 82.5 85 87.5 90 92.5 95 97.5 100
#m >/3
#m "
#m 0
#m "/3
#m "/>
Eig 5. Nueuing function of uti2iXation
Hhe Yueuing de2aA 9easured is the 2atencA experienced 'A a pacRet crossing the sate22ite netMorR. Hhis codec produces high 7aria'2es trans9ission 'it&rates conseYuent2A fast trans9ission 'it&rate 7ariations produce 'reaRs in the a22ocation 9echanis9 Mhich shou2d YuicR2A reacts to the traffic 'urst arri7ing in the trans9ission Yueue. 1n ! anticipation factor near to 0 increases resources reYuests for future needs. #o the e>e de2aA is 2ess than 4009s. $t is co9pati'2e Mith the strict ti9e constraints associated to interacti7e 9u2ti9edia app2ications T>U. =ut Mhen the reYuired resources are not fina22A usedD theA are 2ost. $t creates an under use of the return 2inR channe2 in the sate22ite netMorR: the return 2inR efficiencA is 2ess than bbl. $n the other extre9itAD an ! anticipation factor near to " decreases the future resource needs. #o the recei7ed resources can not hand2e the o7era22 inco9ing traffic. HhereforeD e>e de2aA is 9ore than b009s Mhich is not co9pati'2e Mith ti9e constraints of interacti7e f2oMs T>U. ZoMe7er the return 2inR efficiencA is opti9iXed to 95l.
HodaAD the ! anticipation para9eter is fixed 'A the netMorR operator and staAs constant. Hhis puts the operator in front of di2e99a of the a22ocation opti9iXation of the sate22ite netMorR and the Yua2itA of ser7ice for the custo9ers.
We propose to use infor9ation integrated in #$P session esta'2ish9ent in order to co9pute a dAna9ic ! anticipation para9eter. Hhe fo22oMing scenario extends the pre7ious one Oc.f. Eig [P.
Hhe #$P ProxA in the #H side recei7es the #$P If 9essage O5P. $t trans2ates the Yua2itati7e description of the 9edia used into their trans9ission 'it&rate O[P. Hhis 2atter is passed to the
#H 81@ 2aAerD in order to co9pute a dAna9ic ! anticipation factor during the 9u2ti9edia f2oM ObP.
Eig [. #$P&'ased anticipation in the #H side
The objective of this method is to obtain a high anticipation when the traffic is variable (e.g. video- conferencing) and a weak anticipation (thus a high utilization) when the traffic is stable (e.g. VoIP).
HhusD Me propose to 2inR the arri7a2 trans9ission 'it&rate of pacRets Od$PD 9easured on the trans9ission YueueD to the characteristics Otrans9ission 'it&rateP announced 'A the traffic through #$P Od@P. Hhis co9putation is done 'efore e7erA resource reYuests thus Mith the sa9e period of a super&fra9e Oie. 5009sP. Hhe arri7a2 rate in the #H Od$P is 9easured fro9 a s2iding MindoM Mith the sa9e period. Ero9 the arri7a2 trans9ission 'it&rate of pacRets Od$P in the #H and RnoMing the trans9ission peaR 'it&rate Od@P of each 9u2ti9edia app2icationD Me ca2cu2ate the ! anticipation para9eter through the for9u2a:
C I
d d
% $
#
Hhis for9u2aD Mith the use of dua2 toRen 'ucRet at the entrA of the 81@ YueueD guarantees that the anticipation factor is inc2uded 'etMeen 0 and ". =esidesD a 81@ trans9ission Yueue is reser7ed to the #$P signa2ed app2ication in the #H.
<. EnPER$8EFH# 1FD RE#JeH#
A. Evaluation of the efficiency of SIP-based resource provisioning approach
EirstD Me propose to e7a2uate ana2Atica22A and experi9enta22A our first proposition. $ts i9pact on No# is 9easured through the end&to&end Oe>eP de2aA of app2icati7e data. Experi9ents are conducted on a sate22ite e9u2ation p2atfor9 proposed in #at#ix European project T""UD ai9ing at functiona22A 7a2idate the D<=&R@# access and netMorR 2aAers definitions. Hhe sate22ite netMorR p2atfor9 e9u2ates co9ponents and i9p2e9ents co99unication protoco2s O$P/81@/D181P of a regenerati7e sate22ite sAste9. Hhe scenarios presented in Eig. 3 and 4 are i9p2e9ented.
Ho 9easure the perfor9ance of the propositionsD an audio&
conferencing f2oM Mith Cb"" audio codec at [4R'it/s is used Mith the dAna9ic a22ocation sche9e.
Para9eters of the e9u2ated sate22ite sAste9 are setup to:
o #ate22ite 2inR capacitA: >048R'ps o #uper&fra9e periodicitA: 5009s o Resource reYuest period: 5009s
o Resource a22ocation p2an e9ission period: 5009s We propose to e7a2uate the so2ution through tMo scenarios:
" #cenario 0 OEig. >P is the reference test: it e7a2uates
resources a22ocation Mith no anticipation O'asic access 'eha7iorP^
" #cenario " OEig.3P e7a2uates our so2ution.
Hhe e>e de2aA that shou2d 'e o'ser7ed for the first pacRet of scenario 0 is:
VoIP request request
request AllocationPlan
DelayFirstPackets EmissionDelay PropagationDelay ComputationTime propagationDelay
% &
& &
EmissionDelayVoIPPacket&propagationDelayVoIPPacket
&
>"> p 8
5009s q >509s q "009s q >509s q 9s q >50 9sm "3b[.5 9s
VoIP [4 DelayFirstPackets %
Hhis first su9 represents the e>e de2aA in the case of the reference scenario Oscenario 0P. $t corresponds for the trans9ission of the first pacRets to a de2aA around "3b[.5 9s Mhich is too high for interacti7e app2ications T>U. Hhis high de2aA is the conseYuence of the on&de9and access sche9e introducing de2aA for reYuests co9putation and propagation o7er the sate22ite sAste9.
Hhe e>e de2aA that shou2d 'e o'ser7ed for the first pacRet of scenario " is:
VoIP VoIPPacket VoIPPacket
DelayFirstPackets % EmissionDelay &propagationDelay
>"> p 8
9s q >50 9sm >b[.5 9s
VoIP [4 DelayFirstPackets %
Hhis second su9 corresponds to the e>e de2aA for the scenario "D anticipating the resource reYuest on the gateMaA OCW&R8P side 'efore the interacti7e f2oM starts. Hhus it a7oids a22 the propagation and co9putation de2aAs introduced 'A the first reYuests of the on&de9and access&sche9e. Hhis theoretica2 de2aA is around >b[.5 9s Mhich is co9pati'2e Mith interacti7e f2oM constraints T>U.
In the experi9entsD for the reference test Mithout resource anticipation Oscenario 0PD the a7erage e>e de2aA is around
"4009s Mhich confir9s the ana2Atica2 resu2ts. Hhe e>e de2aA experi9ented for this scenario is not co9pati'2e Mith the strict ti9e constraints associated to interacti7e 9u2ti9edia f2oM T>U.
Eor the so2ution Mith acRnoM2edg9ent Oscenario "P the o'ser7ed e>e de2aA is around 3009s on a7erage. $t confir9s as Me22 ana2Atica2 resu2ts and ena'2es to guarantA a de2aA co9pati'2e Mith ti9e constraints of interacti7e f2oMs.
B. Evaluations of the dynamic anticipation factor
$n this sectionD the re2e7ance of the dAna9ic ! anticipation factor is esti9ated. Hhe anticipation factor is app2ied on tMo 9u2ti9edia app2ications during si9u2ations:
" 1 7ideo conferencing f2oM using Z.>[4 codec T"3UD Mith
an a7erage 'it&rate b00f'it/s and a peaR 'it&rate >8'it/s.
Hhis 7ideo codec has the particu2aritA to produce high 'it&
rate 7ariations^
" 1n audio conferencing f2oM using C#8 codec T"4UD Mith
a a7erage 'it&rate "3f'it/s^ the 'it&rate is e7o27es around the a7erage 'it&rate Mith MeaR 7ariations^
Hhe ! anticipation factor is co9puted for each of these tApes of 9u2ti9edia app2ications under the period 5009s.
Hheir e7o2ution is o'ser7ed during ti9e Oc.f. Eig bP.
Eig b. E7o2ution of ! para9eter for Z.>[4 codec and C#8 codec
a2pha
1pp2ied to the Z.>[4 7ideo strea9 O'2acR cur7ePD Me notice in the Eig. b that the a7erage anticipation ! factor ca2i'rates rea22A 2oM O0.35P. Hhis tApe of 9u2ti9edia app2ication reYuires so9e reacti7itA in its resource reYuests. Hherefore the factor anticipates 9ore resources in order to assure 2oM de2aAs.
$n the case of the C#8 audio strea9 OgreA cur7ePD Me notice on the Eig. b that the a7erage ! factor is high O0.b5P Mith so9e peaRs Mhen the de2etion of si2ence ends.
<$. @IF@eJ#$IF 1FD EJHJRE WIRf
Hhis paper has proposed and e7a2uated enhance9ents in resources a22ocation for interacti7e app2ications o7er sate22ite.
$t uses a high2A efficient Othus 2ess cost2AP assign9ent tApe of dAna9ic access sche9e. Hhe so2ution concerns O$P the anticipation for pro7isioning on&de9and resources on the co99unication opening Otransitiona2 stateP Mhere accu9u2ation of de2aA introduced 'A this on&de9and assign9ent tApe 'ad2A degrades app2icati7e Yua2itA ^ O$$P the i9pro7e9ent of the reYuest resource a2gorith9 Oper9anent stateP in order to turn it 9ore dAna9ic. $t satisfies at 'est 'oth criteria indicators of perfor9ance of the on&de9and protoco2 Mhich are: an opti9a2 use of the resources on the return 2inR
sate22ite ter9ina2s. =oth are 'ased on 9echanis9s of session signa2ing such as #$P. Hhe ana2Ases and experi9ents conductedD pro7ed that the so2ution i9pro7es co99unication Yua2itA fro9 user point of 7ieM for interacti7e app2ications o7er sate22ite sAste9s.
#o9e MorR is undergoing concerning the renegotiation of a session during the co99unication Oe.g. codec sMitchingP in order to shorten the de2aA of this renegotiation in a sate22ite contextD using as Me22 #$P capa'i2ities.
Hhis MorR has 'een conducted Mith sate22ite sAste9sD 'ut the propositions cou2d 'e genera2iXed o7er Mire2ess and heterogeneous netMorRs Mhere the resources are scarce.
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sAste9s and netMorRs ^ end&user 9u2ti9edia No# categories T3U s. riangD L. eiD <. @. 8. eeungD g1 Predicti7e De9and 1ssign9ent
8u2tip2e 1ccess Protoco2 for =road'and #ate22ite FetMorRs #upporting
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