النظام القانوني للملاحة البحرية الدولية

(1)

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻣﺎﺟ ـ ــ ﺔﻌ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺓﻮﺧﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﻠﻛ ــ ﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ ــ ﻕﻮ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ : : : : ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻡﻡﻡ :ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺖﺤﺗ :ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻦﻣ • ﺡﺎﻤﺳ ﻁﻮﻠﺑ ﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺷﺎﻃ ﻴ ﻆ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺓﻮﺧﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺪﻴﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﻨﺴﺣ ﺩ.ﺃ ﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣﻭ ﺎﻓﺮﺸﻣ ﺓﻮﺧﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻆﻴﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺷﺎﻃ ﺩ.ﺃ ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻀﻋ ﺓﻮﺧﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﻱ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ –––– ﺃﺃﺃﺃ ---- ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﻓﺮﻃﻮﺑ .ﺩ ا ا : 2014 -2015

(2)

ا ن ا ا

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(3)

ﺍﺬـﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻧﺎﻋﺃﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺩ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺐﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ

.

ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻧ

ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺎﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻪﺘﻗﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﺟﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟﺍ

ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻬﺟﻭﺮﺧﻭ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺔـﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﺜﻟﺍ

ﻞﻤﺟﺃ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ،ﺔﻠﺣ

"

ﻆﻴﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺷﺎﻃ

"

ﺎـﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻞـﺨﺒﻳ ﻢـﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ،

ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ

ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻓﻮﻤﺑ ﻚﻌﺘﻣﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﺧ ﻲﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻙﺍﺰﺟ،ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ

.

ﺾﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻠﻬﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺮﻜﺷ ﻝﺰﺟﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻲـﻓ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﺖﻨﻛ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﻤﻠﻋ

ﺔـﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨـﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻠﻟﺍ

ﺮﻴﺘـﺴﺟﺎﻤﻠﻟ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘـﺳﻷﺍ

"

ﺪـﺒﻋ ﺔﻨـﺴﺣ

ﺍ

ﺪﻴﻤﺤﻟ

"

ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﺳﺃﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻤﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺑ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻔﻧ

.

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺘﻣﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻋﻭ ﺔﺼﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻜﺸﺘﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

"

ﻦـﺑ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺷ

"

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ

"

ﺪـﻤﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﻓﺮﻃﻮﺑ

"

ﻩﺬـﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮـﻗ ﺀﺎـﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﺪـﺒﻜﺘﻟ

ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟﺍ

ﻲﻟ ﺔﻗﺎﻃ ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻣ ﺎﻤﻜﺗﺩﺎﻴﺴﻠﻓ ،ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﻝﻮﺒﻗﻭ

ﻩﺮﻛﺬﺑ

.

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ

"

ﺡﺎﻤﺳ ﻁﻮﻠﺑ

"

(4)

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻻ ﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﻧ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ

: : : :

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﻓﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﻌﺑ

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻇ ﺎﻬﺗﺍﻮﻋﺪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﺣ

. . . .

ﻪﺋﺎﻄﻌﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺧﻮﻤﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺰﻋ ﺰﻣﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻠﺜﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻰﻗﺭﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﺮﻴﺧ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻰﻨﻤﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﺗﺮﺒﺧ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﻦﻣ

ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻚﻴﻟﺇ

....

ﻲﻟ ﺎﻤﻬﻈﻔﺤﻳ ﻥﺃ ﷲﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺭ

. . . .

ﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻟ ﺖﻋﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺟﻷ ﺖﻠﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ ﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ

. . . .

ﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺇ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ ﺪﻜﺑ ﻲﻌﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻰﻟﺇﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﺳ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﻤﻌ

ﺎﻤﻫﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﻦﻴﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﻜﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻚﻟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻱﺩﻻﻭﺃ

....

ﻰﻟﺇ ﻖﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﺟﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺄﻓﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻤﺳﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻫﺃ

ﻲﺗﺍﻮﺧﺃ

::::

ﻰﻨﻤﺘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻏﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻰﻨﻤﺗﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻧ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻳﺇ

....

(5)

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﻹ ﻲﻟﺎﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻣ ﺎﺗﺮﻬﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺣﺭ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺮﻫﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺎﻤﻜﺒﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺮﻜﺷ ﺔﻠﺣ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ

....

ﻲﺧﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺪﻴﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻴﺑ ﺔﻌﻤﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻳﺮﺒﻛ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﺐﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻫﺃ

ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ

"

" "

"

ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺯ

"

" "

"

ﷲﺍ ﻪﻈﻔﺣ

....

ﻥﻭﺩ ﺏﺎﺒﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻤﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺜﺘﺳﺍ

ﺀﺎﻨ

ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇﻭ،

ﺍﻮﻬﺳ ﻲﻤﻠﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﺳ

....

ﺔﺒﻠﻄﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻌﺠﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﷲﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﺟﺭﺃ ﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ

ﺝﺮﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻠﺒﻘﻤﻟﺍ

....

ﺡﺎــﻤﺳ

(6)

(7)

2 ﺔـﻤﺩــﻘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺄﺸﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﻱﺭﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ، ﻥﻤ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻩﻭﻠﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﻤﻋﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ ،ﻪﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻱﺫﻝ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻋﺩﺘﺴﺍ . ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ لﺘﺤﻴ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻯﺭﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﻴﺤ . ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ 3 7 % ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒ ﻁﺴﻭﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺏﻜﻭﻜﻝ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺭﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻭ ،لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻠﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﻝ . ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺩﻤﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ لﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻩﺫﻬﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ،ﺀﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺯﺭﻠﻝ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﻼﻴﺒﺴ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻁﻴﺴ ﺽﺭﻓ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﺓﺯﺎﻴﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻀﺨﺇﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ .

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3 ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻴﺩﻗ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﻻﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ : -ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﺭ Mare liberum . ﺝﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﻨﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻭ Mare clausum . ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻯﺃﺭ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﺭﺤﺒﻠﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺃ ،ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﺫﺨﺅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻯﺃﺭ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﻌﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﺍﺭﻗﻹ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺭﺍﺭﻗﺇﻭ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻬﺘﻴﻻﻭ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺌﻁﺍﻭﺸﻝ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﻔﻜﻴ . ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﺍﺫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻔﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻻﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﺍﺭﺤ ﺍﺭﺤﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻜﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﻠﻋ لﻤﺤﺘ . ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻀﺨﺘ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺄﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻡﺴﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻊﻨﺘﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺼﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ

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4 ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻡﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻜ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤ ، ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺴﺘ ﻻ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﻷ ﻡﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺍﻭﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺘﻤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻜ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺓﺩﻋ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﻨﺍﻭﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﻭ . ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺯﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻌﻝ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﻗﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ لﺒ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻑﺭﺼﻨﻴ ﻭ ، ﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺃ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ لﺠﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻔﺴ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻰ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ، ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﺒ : ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ . ﻨﻤ ﺎﻴﻌﺴ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ لﻜﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺎ ﻼﻝﻭ ،ﻉﻭﻀ لﻜﺒ ﻉﻼﻁ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ :

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ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ

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ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻜ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ . ﻡﻬﺘﺒﺫﺘﺠﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﺠﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻻﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﻋﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻗﻭﺸﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﺎﻐﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺔﺤﻼﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍﻭ .

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5 ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻹﺍ ﺕﻁﺨﺘﻭ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺤﺒ ﺔﻌﺴﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺤﺘﻗﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤ ﻴ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺙ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻪﻀﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺱﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻁﺴﺒﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ . ﻨﻤ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﻩﺫﻬﻜ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻓ ﺎ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ، ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺕﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ 1958 ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍﻭ 1982 ﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻤﺴﻗﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺭﺎ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺙﻼﺜ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻝﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺕﻤﻅﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ 1982 لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻜ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻐﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ . ﺕﻼﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻝ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﺔﻴﻻ ﻻ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ

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6 ﻕﻓﻭ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻤﻨ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ :

• ﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ

ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠ

ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ

؟ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴ

.

ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ : ،ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻭﻀﻔﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺒﻏﺭ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻯﺀﺍﺭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻷ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻯﺭﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻭﺫ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ . ﻻ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ لﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻠﻝ . ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻗ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺢﺼ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻌﺴ ،ﻩﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻨﻤ ﺎﻴ ﺎ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ . ،ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ،ﻪﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ : -ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻨﺯ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﻴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻗﻭﻘﺤﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺼﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻜ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ .

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7 -ﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ . -ﺸﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻨﻴ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺩﻨﻋ . ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺏﺴﺤ ،ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺏﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ . ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤﻭ لﺼﻓ لﻜ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ،ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ : ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲ ، ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻠ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺃ . ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻰﻝ

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻨﻭ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅ ، ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻱﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻨ .

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8 ﻩﺫﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻫ : -ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ . -ﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻲ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺈﺒ ﺩﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ . ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ لﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻏﺭ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﻹﺍ ﻻﺇ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺩﺸﺎﻨﻤ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫﻝ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻻﺇ ﻪﺌﺎﻐﺘﺒﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻻﺇ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻤ . ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﻤﺘﻠﻤ ﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺓﻭﻔﻫ ﻭﺃ ﺄﻁﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺫﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻁ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻌﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﺕﻠﺠ ﷲﺍ ﻭﻋﺩﻨﻭ ، ﻥﺃﻭ ﻪﻬﺠﻭﻝ ﺎﺼﻝﺎﺨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺩﻬﺠ ل ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺢﻤﻁﻴ ﻥﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘﻭ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ .

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لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

(15)

10

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ

(16)

11

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ

ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺌﺎﻀﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ لﻘﻨﻜ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻫﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻨ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ، ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ، ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺤﻼﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ، ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ، ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺘﻫﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺄﺒ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻋ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺄﺒ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ 1982 . ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻗﻭﻘﺤﻝ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺼﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻝ ﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻠ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ . ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻥﻤ لﻘﺘﻨﺘﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻁﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻻ ﻱﺭﺤﺒ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺹﺎﺨ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻑﻼ .

(17)

12 ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻨ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ .

(18)

13 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻔﺴﻝﺍ ـ ﻨﻴ ــــ ﺔ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺔﺤﻼﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ . ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺕﺯﺎﺤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺭﺒﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ، ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ لﺤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘ ، ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻨﺴ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ . ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻬﻔﻤ ــ ﻡﻭ ﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ــ ﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺔ ـ ﺎﻬ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ، ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﻤﺸﺘ لﺒ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ . ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﺫﺠﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺎﻬ .

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14 لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ــ ﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭ ـ ﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭ ـ ﺔ ﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ، ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻨ " : ﺩﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻤ ﻡﺴﺠ ﻭﺃ لﻜﻴﻫ لﻜ ﺔﺴﻁﺎﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻁ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ." 1 ﺯﻬﺠﻤ ﻡﺌﺎﻋ ﻡﺴﺠ لﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﻨﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﺤﺘ ﺒ ﻩﺭﻴﺩﺘ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴ ﺕ ﻐ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻱﺭﺤﺒ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﺭ ، ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺒ ﻑﺭﺼ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺘﺴﻴﻭ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱ ﺢﻁﺴ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﺯﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻁﺴ ﻕﻭﻓ ﻭﺃ ، ﻻ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺤﺘﻭ ﺭﺤ ﻨ ﺭﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻘﻝ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻝ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ . 2 1 ﺃ ﺮﻈﻧ : ﻱﻭﻼﺘﻔﻟﺍ ) ﲔﺴﺣ ﻞﻴﻬﺳ ( ، ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، ﺀﺰﳉﺍ 6 ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻟﺍ ، 2009 ﺹ ، : 31 . 2 ﺃ ﺮﻈﻧ : ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ) ﳏ ﻲﻣﺎﺳ ﺪﻤ ( ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، ، ﻣ ﺮﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦ ، ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺮﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ، ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺎﺑ ، 2004 ﺹ ، : 386 -387 .

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15 ﺎﻤﻤ ﻴﺜﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ " : ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ " ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺄﺒ " ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴ ". 1 ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﺇ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻊﻨﺎﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ 13 ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺹﻨﺘ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ " : ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻋ لﻜ ﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻁﻗ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺴﻭﺒ ﺎﻤﺇ ،ﺔ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ." 2 ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ " ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ " ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴ ، ﺔﺤﻼﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻤ ﺔﺤﻼﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺄﺒ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭﺃ ، . 3 ﺄﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻔﻴ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺭﺤﺒﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﻔﻁﺘ ﻥ ﻻﻭ ﺽﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﻔﻁﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ لﻤﺸﻴ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺫﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﻡﻝﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﺭﻴ ﻝﻠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﻑﻴﻨﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ 1958 ﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ 1982 ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ، ﺩﺭﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ : 1 ﺃ ﺮﻈﻧ : ﱐﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ) ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ( ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ، ،ﻱﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ، ،ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ 1985 ﺹ ، : 77 -78 . 2 ﻊﺟﺍﺭ : ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ 13 ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ 76 / 80 ﰲ ﺥﺭﺆﳌﺍ 29 ﻝﺍﻮﺷ 1396 ﻝ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩ 23 ﺮﺑﻮﺘﻛﺃ 1976 ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻤﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﺪﻌﳌﺍ ،ﻡ ﻢﻗﺭ 05 / 98 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺑﺭ ﻝﻭﺃ ﰲ ﺥﺭﺆﳌﺍ 1419 ﻝ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩ 25 ﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳ 1998 ﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﳌﺍ ،ﻡ ،ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻱﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘ ) ﻢﻗﺭ ،ﻥﺎﺘﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺗﺪﻳﺮﳉﺍ 29 / 1977 ﻢﻗﺭﻭ ، 47 / 1998 .( 3 ﺮﻈﻧﺃ : ﻁﺎﻤﺤﺷ ) ﺩﻮﻤﳏ ( ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ ﻯﺪﳍﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻱﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ 2010 ﺹ ، : 19 -20 .

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16 • ﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺒ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺕﻴﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻗ 1954 ، ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻗﻭﻝﺎﺒ 1973 ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﻨﺭﻗ ﻥﺎﺘﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺭﻷﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻘﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﻓﺎﻀﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ، ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ . • ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺎﺼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ 29 ﺃ لﻴﺭﻓ 1969 ، ﺔﻜﺭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺕﺩﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ . • ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ 13 ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ 1974 ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ " ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﺴﻭﺒ ." 1 • ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻥﺃ لﺠﺴﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤ 20 ﺭﺒﻤﻓﻭﻨ 1972 ﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻗﻭﻝ ،ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻗ ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﺩ 03 ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : " ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ،ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻁﺎﻏ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻘﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻜ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ " 2 • ﺩﻗﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻡﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ 1954 ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ " : ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤ لﻜ engin ﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨ ﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﺒ ،ﻱﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝ ﻥﻴﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻗﺎ "... ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﺩﻌﺒﺘﺴﻴ : 1 ﺃ ﺮﻈﻧ : ﺩﻮﲪ ) ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ( ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻟﺍ ، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، 2008 ﺹ ، : 64 . 2 ﻲﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺺﻧ : " Le terme « navire » désigne tout engin ou tout appareil de quelque nature que ce soi :

Y compris les engins sans tirant d’eau et les hydravions utilisé ou susceptible d’être utilisé. Comme moyen de transport sur l’eau.”

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17 1 . ﺔﻴﺭﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ barges . 2 . ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻰﺼﻘﻴ ﻻ ،ﺏﺭﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﺘ ﺨﺍﺩ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻓﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻁﺤ ل ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻁﺎﻘﻝﺎﻜ ﺀﺎﻨﻴﻤﻝﺍ Remorqueurs . 1 ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻥﻴﻁﺭﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ . 1 . ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻫﺅﻤ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ، ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻁ ﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻕﻴﺭ ﺩ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻡﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﺎﻫ ﺽﻐﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻸﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ . 2 2 . ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺝﺭﺨﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ، ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺯﻨﺘﻭ ﻊﻠﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺓﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺎﺒ . 3 ﺍ ﺭﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻌﻝ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﺤﻜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ 1 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ) ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺎﲨ ( ﺔﺑﺎﻨﻋ ، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ، ، 2009 ، ﺹ : 205 . 2 ﻊﺟﺍﺭ : ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ 02 ﰲ ﺔﻣﱪﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ 07 ﻱﺮﻔﻴﻓ 1986 ﻦﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ . 3 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : Gidel (georges), le droit international Public de la mer, tom 1, paris,1932-1934, p68, 69 .

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18 ﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻜ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻴﻘﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔ ﻝﻭﻷﺎﻓ ، ﻰ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﻁﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ . 1 ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻴﻀﺤ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﻭﻴ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ، ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺼﻴ ﺩﺎ ﻑ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ . ﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝ ﻨﺃ ـــ ﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭ ــ ﻥﻔ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ . ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﺔﻨﻴ ﻱﺎﻫﻻ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ﻰﻨﺒﺘ ﻡﺎﻋ 1898 ﻡﺴﻘﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤ ، لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻭ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻜﻭﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﺔﻜﻭﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ . 2 ﺔﻜﻭﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻩﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺸﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷ ﺕﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ . 3 1 ﺮﻈﻧﺃ : ﺩﻮﲪ ) ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ( ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ، ﺹ : 66 . 2 ﺃ ﺮﻈﻧ : Gidel (georges), op-cit, p :97-98

3 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ) ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺎﲨ ( ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ، : 216 .

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19 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻔﻓ 1928 ﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ﻰﻨﺒﺘ ﻬﻜﻭﺘﺴ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ،ﻲﻝﻭ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ،ﻡﻝ ﻐ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺽﺭ ﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﻜﻝﺎﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻠ ، ﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻌ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻲﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘ 10 لﻴﺭﻓﺃ 1926 ﻴﺤﻭﺘ لﻭﺤ ﺩ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺼﺤﺒ ﺔ ﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴ . 1 ﻑﻴﻨﺠ ﻲﺘﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ 1958 ﺔﻤﺨﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋﺄﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ 1982 ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺼﻨ 32 ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ " : ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ... ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ". 2 ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﺘﻭ : 1 . ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ . 2 . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺹﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺎﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ . 3 1 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : Gidel (georges), op-cit, p :98-99

2 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ) ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺎﲨ ( ، ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ : 216 -217 . 3 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﺹ ،ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ : 215 .

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20 ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺴﻝﺍ ــ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻔ ـ ﺔﻤﺎ ﻡﺴﻘﺘ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ : ﺌﺭ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻴ ﺱ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ 23 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻱﺎﻤ 1917 ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ " : ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻀ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻊﻘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻭﻔﻤ ﻁﺒﺎﻀ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻗ ﺕﺤﺘ لﻭﻁﺴ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻗﺎﻁ ﻊﻀﺨﻴﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻋ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﻠﺴﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﺓﺭ ﻭﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻬﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺎﻬﻤﻗﺎﻁ ." 1 ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﻨﻴﻭ ،لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﻷ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﻭﻬﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺫﺇ ،ﻕﻴﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺘﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﻝ ﺓﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻠﺘﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺌﺎﺨﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩ ﻭ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻐﻝﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺴﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻜ ﺓﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ . 2 ﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﺕ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﻨﺠ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ 1958 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ " : ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺌﺎﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺴﻨﺠ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﻗﺎﻁ ﻊﻀﺨﻴﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﻁﺴﺃ ﻁﺎﺒﻀ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ." 3 1 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﻱﻭﺎﻨﻔﳊﺍ ) ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ( ، ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﻣ،ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ،ﻢﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﺯ ﰲ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ،ﺔﻳﺮﺼﻣﻮﻠﳒﻻﺍ 1962 ﺹ، : 243 . 2 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ) ﻲﻣﺎﺳ ﺪﻤﳏ ( ، ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ : 391 -392 . 3 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ : ﺩﻮﲪ ) ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ( ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ، : 67 .

النظام القانوني للملاحة البحرية الدولية

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م آ ا  تا راا  !ا "و

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% رو

"ﻥإ " ( )ﻡ ا+,, ا   !ا % ﺝ.ی ي1ا

ً ر % ن آ

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ﺍﺬـﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻧﺎﻋﺃﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺩ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺐﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ

.

ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻧ

ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺎﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻪﺘﻗﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﺟﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟﺍ

ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻬﺟﻭﺮﺧﻭ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺔـﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﺜﻟﺍ

ﻞﻤﺟﺃ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ،ﺔﻠﺣ

"

ﻆﻴﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺷﺎﻃ

"

ﺎـﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻞـﺨﺒﻳ ﻢـﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ،

ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ

ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻓﻮﻤﺑ ﻚﻌﺘﻣﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﺧ ﻲﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻙﺍﺰﺟ،ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ

.

ﺾﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻠﻬﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺮﻜﺷ ﻝﺰﺟﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻲـﻓ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﺖﻨﻛ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﻤﻠﻋ

ﺔـﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨـﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻠﻟﺍ

ﺮﻴﺘـﺴﺟﺎﻤﻠﻟ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘـﺳﻷﺍ

"

ﺪـﺒﻋ ﺔﻨـﺴﺣ

ﺍ

ﺪﻴﻤﺤﻟ

"

ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﺳﺃﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻤﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺑ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻔﻧ

.

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺘﻣﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻋﻭ ﺔﺼﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻜﺸﺘﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

"

ﻦـﺑ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺷ

"

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ

"

ﺪـﻤﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﻓﺮﻃﻮﺑ

"

ﻩﺬـﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮـﻗ ﺀﺎـﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﺪـﺒﻜﺘﻟ

ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻤﻟﺍ

ﻲﻟ ﺔﻗﺎﻃ ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻣ ﺎﻤﻜﺗﺩﺎﻴﺴﻠﻓ ،ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﻝﻮﺒﻗﻭ

ﻩﺮﻛﺬﺑ

.

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ

"

ﺡﺎﻤﺳ ﻁﻮﻠﺑ

"

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻻ ﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﻧ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻻ ﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﻧ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻻ ﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﻧ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻻ ﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﻧ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ

ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ

ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ

ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ

: : : :

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﻓﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﻌﺑ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﻓﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﻌﺑ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﻓﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﻌﺑ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻨﺤﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﻓﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﺗﺮﻤﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﻌﺑ

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻇ ﺎﻬﺗﺍﻮﻋﺪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﺣ

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻇ ﺎﻬﺗﺍﻮﻋﺪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﺣ

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻇ ﺎﻬﺗﺍﻮﻋﺪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻧﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﺣ

ا ن ا ا

م آ ا تا راا !ا "و

"ﻥإ " ( )ﻡ ا+,, ا !ا % ﺝ.ی ي1ا