HAL Id: inria-00466050
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00466050
Submitted on 22 Mar 2010
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless
communications
Jie Zhou, Shigenobu Sasaki, Hisakazu Kikuchi, Yoshikuni Onozato
To cite this version:
Jie Zhou, Shigenobu Sasaki, Hisakazu Kikuchi, Yoshikuni Onozato. Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless communications. WiOpt’03: Mod- eling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks, Mar 2003, Sophia Antipolis, France.
2 p. �inria-00466050�
23465178 )9 '55:; <=>85
?A@CB.DFEHGJIHKJLFMNEH@POQBRNGQSNIMNTQUVTQWX@CKQLFY@CUVTQWZTQ[8I\%@CWFIN]^EH@PK_TQRN`aGQUVEH@PWFINRH@cbcRNGQ[8TQdVGQe
K^f%B8gNdZhiGQjkmlCB8]8dVnV@C]8TQloTQRN`pkmlCB8]8dVnVGQRN@C]kqRHOJ@CRNBB8nV@CRNOrLFs_@P@COQTJdVTut_RN@CvQB8nVUV@CdxwXLFyQzQ{Q|~}r^rQLF?ATQgNTQR
efB8gHdhiGQj iGJugHINdVB8n'MN]8@CB8RN]BXLoINRHuTutRH@PvQBnVUV@CdwFLFr^Q|~QzrzL?ATQgNTQR
i>6u
m~ZZQ ¢¡£¢¤¥ rZ¡~¦Q¦~ r~Z r§¦¨©FªQ¦«ZZ¬Z¡~®4¯¢¦Z¯¢ °ZF¯Z °± ¢¬mª8®4¬Z®Z²³¯
~~´³ ¢¬~ ¢µZm~¦c§¦´± i~Z i§~«Z i¦¨X~¡~¶=¯i¯°¦Z· °~~³¦¦8¯°¯°«Z¡~¡~ ¢¬¯° ¢´³´«Z´³¡
¤o³¡~ ¢´³ ¢§r§®8§~ ¢²=^¸X¹!Z !~³´~ °¬ 8~ °ZZq¡~¡~º®¯¢ Z¡~¦º±¬Z ~Z ² °¡~r¦¨A~¡~¨©»
¼ ¯oªZ´³Z¯° oZ¬´§¦4¯Z³ ¢± o~Z o¦Z~²=½°~³¦=¦¨J~Z o~³·Z´»C~¦»C~ °¡~¨© ¢¡~ °Z¯°
¡~~³¦¾©¿HÀÁ=ÂX¥¡~ °¯° ¢³± °¡~¥ª®=«Z~¦²~¯°´³´®=~³´~³Z·c~Z i~ ¢ZZcZ¬²=Z´ °»
² °~Z·_~Z §¦¨©4ªQ¦«ZZ¬Z¡~®%²=¦Z·_¯° ¢´³´£J¯°¦¡~¡~ ¢§J¦Z¬ZZ·_~¦_~Z ±º¡~~³¦
¦¨~¡~¶=¯¸
ÃÄÃ8ÅÇÆÈZÉÇÊiËiÌQÆÍÎÉÅ
Ï ENB-]TJgHTQ]8@PdxwGQjTÐifÑÓÒÔ]8BlPlCINlCTQn_UVwFUVdVB8Õ@CU_`NBd°BnVu@PRHB8`ÓSFwpT
vQGJlCINuB-GQjdVENB-@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RN]B-@PRH]8lPIH`N@CRNO6d°EHB>@CRFd°BnVRNTQl@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8B
TQRN`×-INlCdV@P|~]nVGJUºUp@PRFd°BnVjB8nºB8RN]8BFh,Ò_RXwØ`NB]8nVB8TQUVBÙ@CRÚdVENBÙ@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nV|
B8RN]B Û @PlClN`H@PnVB]8dVlPwnVB8UVIHlPdq@PRd°EHB @PRH]8nVB8TQUVB @CRudVENB UºwXUVdVB8Ô]8TQgHTJ]@PdxwXh
ÜnVGJÝ\.hC hÞÚENTQRNOrßUnVBUVB8TQnV]EÐnVB8UºINlCd°UµàPáxà}QáxàQáxLoTd°@ClCd°B`ÐTQRFd°BRNRNT
TQnVnVTZwâ]8TQRS¥BINUVB`dVGãnVB`NIN]Bd°EHB@PRFdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RN]B@CREN@CB8nVTQnV]^EH@P]TJl
uTQ]8nVGX]B8lClPäQu@C]8nVGF]8B8lClUVwFUVdVB8uUµL=@CR×dxÛcGdV@PBnVUUºENTQnV@CRNOdVENBÙUVTQuB
UVgrB]8dVnVINÓh
åxRânVB8TQlq]B8lClPIHlPTQn>B8RFvX@CnVGQRNuB8RFdVUZLodVENTQd@CU>RNGQRN|~IHRN@CjGQnVÝnVTJ`H@PG
B8RFvX@CnVGQRNuB8RFdVUZLqRNGQRN|~IHRN@CjGQnVæIHUVB8n`N@CUVdVnV@PSHINdV@CGJRHUu`HGQu@PRNTQdVBTQRN`
dVEXINUµLrdVENBçgrBnVjGQnVuTQRN]8Bç]ENTQnVTQ]8dVB8nV@CUVdV@P]U%`N@CèrB8n%TJuGQRHO]8BlPlCUZL¥TQRN`
]8GQu-INRH@P]TJdV@CGQR/éFINTQlC@PdxwêvZTQnV@CB8UunVTQgN@C`NlCwoàëQáxh×=@PvQB8Rìd°EHB8UVBSNTQ]^WF|
OQnVGJIHRN`NUµLoÛcBgNnVGQgrGQUVBdVENBUºGQjdS¥GJIHRN`NTQnVwÙ]8GQRN]8BgNdTQ]EN@CB8vQB8`âSFw
`NwFRNTQu@P]d°@CdVlPB`6TQRXdVB8RHRNTdVG-UºGJlCvQB_dVENB_@CUVUºINB_GQjodVnVTQíu]_]8GQRNOQB8Uºd°@CGQR
GX]]8INnVnVB`ã@CRã]8BlPlCINlCTQnÛ @PnVBlPBUVUUºwXUVdVB8uUµh Ï ENBçdV@PlCd°B`ãTQRFd°BRNRNTTQnV|
nVTZw]8TQRÙgNnVGZvF@C`NBçdVENBçuB8nV@CdGQjmdVnVTJíu]çSHTJlCTQRN]8BçTQRH`ãTQlCUVGpTJ]EN@CB8vQB
dVENBGQgNdV@Pu@C[8TQdV@PGQRâGQjdVENBUº@POQRHTJlC|~dVGQ|~@PRFdVB8nVjBnVB8RN]BnVTQd°@CGîxï¥ðÇñò=TJd
nVB8]8B@PvQB8nVUSFw>TQINdVGJuTQdV@P]TJlClCw>dV@ClPdV@PRHOdVENB=TQRXdVB8RHRNTTQRH`@CugNlCB8uBRXdV|
@PRHOdVENBUVGQjd=SrGJIHRN`HTJnVwTQuGQRNOç]8B8lClPUµLA]8GQnVnVBUVgrGQRN`H@PRHOd°Gçd°EHBvZTJnV@C|
TQd°@CGQRpGQjidVnVTJíu]Fh
ÃÃ8Ä óoô ÆõXöø÷,ÉÇÊiõXùúHÅiÊûú ÍÎùÎÆ8õFÊ ÅoÆ8õFÅÅiúÐü_úHÆ8ÆõXȵÅ
6ý= ÍÎùÎÆ8õFÊúHÅÇÆõXÅiÅiúçúNÈZȵú óoþ Ü@POQINnVB_4`NB8gH@P]d°U!dVENBmJ{Q|~`HB8OQnVB8Bq`N@C|
nVB8]8dV@CGQRNTQl!TQRFd°BRNRNT.gNTQdVdVB8nVRdVENTQd]8GZvQB8nVUT.UVB]8d°GQnÛ @Cd°EÓd°EHB>UVTQuB
TQRXdVB8RNRHTÿOQTQ@CRû@PRûdVENBÓEHGJnº@P[8GQRFd°TQl_`N@CnVB8]8dV@CGJRÔî@xhBXhCLØgNlCTQRNBXò
UVEHGÛ R@CRÜ4@COJUµhP=TQRN`}rîTròVhbj¥gNnV@CuTQnVw]8GQRN]B8nVRENBnVB @CUmdVENB'ENGQnV|
@P[GQRXdVTQlrTQRXdVB8RNRHT-gHTJdVdVB8nVR6Û ENB8R6dVENB_TQRXdVB8RHRNT-@CUdV@PlCdVB8`6`NGZÛ R6SXwuT
TQRNOQlPB@PRpd°EHBvJBnVd°@C]8TQlÇgNlCTJRHBîÖ@hBXhCL 6gNlCTQRNBXòVhiåxj!dVENBvQB8nVdV@P]TJl
gNTQdVd°BnVRâGQjdVENB.d°@ClCd°B`âTQRXdVB8RHRNTTQnVnVTZwÙ@PU-WXRNGZÛ RiLodVENBEHGQnV@P[GJRFdVTJl
gNTQdVd°BnVRûÛ @Cd°EÚdV@PlCdVB8`ÚTJRHOQlPBã]8TQRûSrBãOQGJd6TQUUVENGZÛ RÚ@PRÚÜ4@POrh}rîSiò°h
Ï ENB8RiLHdVENB-RHGJnVuTQlC@C[8B8`ãvJBnVd°@C]8TQliTJRFdVB8RNRHT6OJTQ@CRÓGQjdVENBuTJ@CRÓlCGQSrB
]8TQRpS¥B%TQgNgHnVGX@CuTQd°BlPw6BFgNnVBUVUVB`pSFwÇàCáà}Qá
¾HÂ
¾
 !#"%$
$
&('
)+*-,/.10+24351.
¾ Â
Û ENBnVB7698 @CU4dVENBSrB8TQu|~Û @C`NdVEGQjHdVENB=INUVB`d°@ClCd°B`TQRXdVB8RHRNTTQnVnVTZw
dVENTQd@PU%TJUºUVINuB`ãdVGSrB{`HB8OQnVB8B8U%TJU%TQRãBFTQugNlCBdVGSrB@CRFvJBUV|
dV@POQTQd°B`h;:Ð@PU{rhP.îGQn'|^{`<ò4TQRN`>=p@PUdVENB>TJRHOJlCB>`NnV@CjdVB8`GQèãSFw
{Ù`NB8OQnVB8Bp@PR/vQB8nVdV@P]TJl=gHlPTQRNBpTQRN`/@PRH]8nVB8TQUV@CRNOÙIHgdVG#698 L4Û EH@P]E
]8GQnVnVB8UºgrGQRN`NU'dVGu|^{u`<×@CRTJRFdVB8RNRHTuOQTJ@CRhåxRpÜ4@COrh}rîÖSòVLd°EHB%UºGQlP@C`
lP@CRNB'`NBRNGQd°BUqdVENB'vQB8nVdV@P]TJlHgHTQd°dVB8nVRjGQnqTQRINRH|~d°@ClCd°B`uTQRFd°BRNRNTî@xhBXhPL
@?ê{-`HB8OQnVB8BXòVhÞÚENB8R6dVENB_TQRXdVB8RHRNT-@CUdV@PlCdVB8`6SXwTAALAdVENB_vQB8nVdV@P]TJl
gNTQdVd°BnVRpÛ @ClClÇUºINSNUºB8éFINB8RFdVlPw6UVEH@PjÖd nV@POQEFd TQU dVENB`NTQUVEHB8`plC@CRNBXh
ýCB ÉÅDËiÅÍ EÉÈZö Ë ô õFÈÊÍô ÆÈZÍ FËiÆÍÖÉrÅÚöâÉoÊõFùôþ ÜGQn'UV@CugNlC@C]8|
@PdxwFLrÛcBç]GJRHUV@C`NB8n%dVENBçUV@CugNlCBçGQRNB|~`N@CuB8RNUº@PGQRNTQluGX`HB8lCU%@PRÙÛ EH@P]E
INUºB8nVUmTQnVB'lCGX]8TQdVB8`.]8GQRXdV@PRFINGQIHUVlPwçGZvQB8nmdVENB'Û EHGQlPB']B8lClHTQnVB8TîÖUVB8]d°GQn
TQnVB8Trò°h Ï EHBpRFINSrB8nuGQj_IHUVB8nVUTQduTÐg¥GJ@CRXd@PU`HBGNRHB8`ìTQUudVnVTQíu]
`NB8RHUV@CdxwÓdVENTQd@CU]8GQRNUº@P`HB8nVB8`âTJU>GJRHlPwãdVENBjINRH]8dV@PGQRâGJj`N@CUVdVTQRN]8BH
îÖd°EHB-`N@CUVdVTQRN]8BSrB8dxÛcBB8RÓT6g¥GJ@CRFddVG6SNTQUºB-UVdVTQd°@CGQRòqdVENTQd_uB8TQRNU@Pd
@PURHGQRN|~IHRN@CjGQnV3`N@CUVdVnV@PSHINdV@PGQRÐdVGIHpTQRN`âINRN@CjGQnV3`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdV@CGJRâd°G
BS
BS
BS Sector a Sector b
a
b
user r α
BSa BSb
Boundary
H
Service area R R s
antenna
Crossover area β φ
ϕ
Vertical main lobe of antenna
far-end interference area
KMLON/PQ R ¢´³´«Z´³¡o· ¢¦² °~¡~®'Z¬Î³´~ °¬_8~ °ZZ
ω 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0 90
180
270
no tilted θ degree tilted 30
330
(a) Horizontal pattern
(b) Vertical pattern Angle -10
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-12 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Antenna gain (dB)
θ solid: original pattern
dashed: beam tilted pattern
KLON/PTS U ¬Z~³¦Z~~ ¢¡§_¦¨=~´³~ ¢¬~ ¢ZZ=¡~¡~º®
V
îHròiTJnVBTQUVUVIHuB8`TJU'jGQlClPGZÛ UµàQá
WYX 51.
YZ\[
¾]0ZÂ^`_
Á
ba
0 ¾cAÂ
WYX
51.c
Z\[
¾]0ZÂ^
c _
.
ed
cÁ
a
¾].gf  ¾hAÂ
WYX 51.h
Z\[
¾]0ZÂ^i_
Ákj Mml
a
513n¾go
Á
0µÂp ¾qAÂ
ÃZÃZÃÄü_õFÈEÉÈZöÿúNÅiÌAõr%súHùÎËúHÆÍÖÉrÅ
ý
÷,ÉÇÊiÍ tõFÊuEÉÈZöãËiùÎúÉEïrðÇñÚÍÎÅÙÆviõÈZõwsõFÈ
ô
õùÎÍÎÅyx
þ
Òì]8TQnVB8|
jÖINl¥@PRFvQB8UVdV@POQTQdV@PGQR-INUºdcS¥B_jGF]8INUºB8`6GQR6dVENBB8vZTQlPIHTQd°@CGQR6GQjoS¥GJIHRN`N|
TQnVwãUºEN@PjÖdg¥GJ@CRXdZLqñ{zµLoTQRH`âd°EHB@PugHTJ]dGQjdV@PlCdVB8`âTQRNOQlCBXLXLÇ@CRânVB8|
UºgrB8]8dV@CvJB.INUVBn`H@PUºd°nº@PSNIHdV@PGQRâuGF`NBlPUZh.ÜGJn 6ï^|6TQRN`}6ï^~Lqï¥ðÇñ{|
TQRN`âï¥ð¥ñ{~=TQnVB%OQ@CvQB8RTJU'jGQlClPGZÛ UµàQá
¿HÀÁ
¾_ ÂÀ +
m
¿
¿HÀÁ
¾_
C ÂÀ +
¿
¾AÂ
Û ENBnVB>7|ãTQRN`7~TQnVBdVENBdVGQd°TQlRFIN-SrBn.GJj%INUºB8nVU.@CRØUºB8]8dVGQn
TQRN`8L4nVB8UVgrB]8dV@PvQB8lCwXhðg
~|
@CUdVENBBFdVB8nVRNTQl@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8B6jÖnVGQ
dVENB_TQ`VTJ]B8RFdcUVB]8dVGJn7qdVGA6ï^|hoðg
~|
@PUdVENB_BFdVB8nVRNTQlr@CRFd°BnVjB8nVBRN]8B
jÖnVGJd°EHB%TQ`VTQ]8B8RFd UVB8]d°GQn
dVGk6ï^~h
çý ÷,ÉÇÊiÍ tiõXÊEÉȵöãËiùÖúçÉEï¥ð¥ñØÍÎÅÆviõ@EÉÈ>úHÈZÊùÎÍÎÅyx þ ÜGJn!dVENB
jÖGJnVÛTJnV`âlC@PRNWoLÇUº@PRH]8BudVENB@PRH|~]8BlPlqdVnVTQRNUVu@CUVUº@PGQRNU>TQnVBuUVwFRN]ENnVGQRNGQINU
TQRN`ÙENB8RH]8B]8TQRãSrBçuTJ`HBGQnVdVENGQOJGQRHTJlxàJáxLr-INlCdV@PIHUVB8n@CRFd°BnVjB8nVBRN]8B
]8TQR,S¥BuTJ`HBd°G×nVB8`HIN]8BUº@POQRH@OGH]8TQRXdVlPwFh:ÞÐBRNGQdVBdVENTQdãUºGJuB
TQuGQINRFd-GQj INlCd°@C|~gHTJdVEêgHnVGQgNTQOQTJdV@CGJR`NBOJnVTQ`NBUdVENB6GQnVdVENGQOQGJRHTQlP|
@CdxwXhqåxd'Û @PlCl!nVB8UVIHlPd'@CRUºGJuB>@CRN|~]8BlPl!@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXLSHINd'dVEN@CU'Û @ClPl!SrB
UºçTQlClq]GQugNTQnVB8`âÛ @CdVEâdVENBGQINdV|~]B8lPlm@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXh Ï EH@PU-@PU>BUVgrB8|
]8@CTQlPlCwâdVnVINB@Pjb'Ò_\%k nVB]8B8@CvQB8nVUçTJnVBTQ`NGQgNdVB8`TQRN`êUºGQçBUV]nVTJu|
îÖ{>
?
T
?
Qò°L@CRÿdVENB6@CRXvQB8UVdV@COQTJdV@CGJRêdVGÓBFgNnVBUVU-dVENB6`NB8OQnVBB.GQj
GQnVd°EHGJOQGQRNTQlC@PdxwÿlCGQUVUu`NINBpdVGÙd°EHB-IHlPdV@C|~gNTQdVE/B8èrB8]8dVUZàQáxhi<wÿdVTJWF|
@PRHOu@CRFd°GTQ]8]8GQIHRXd'GQjiTQlPl!]8GQRXdVnV@CSNINdV@CGQRNUZLÇï¥ðÇñ|î8ò4jGQnx|§d°EINUVB8n'@CR
UVB8]d°GQn
]TJRSrBBXgHnVB8UVUºB8`TJU
¿HÀÁ¾]3Âb ¡
¾]3Â
a£¢
¾]3xÂ
¾
¥¤T¦
 ¢
¾3xÂ
¢§
¾]3xÂ
¾]-¨T©JÂ
¾ªQÂ
Û EHB8nVBXL«T¬^|NîòF@CUodVENBqUº@POQRNTQlAgrGZÛcB8n!UVB8RFdojÖnVGJ6ï^|mdVG'INUVB8nT8h Ï ENB
GNnVUºdgNTQnVdGQj@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXLcîV%®T'òe«T|¯î8ò@CRâkméÇhCîÖò=@PU>OQB8RHB8nV|
TQd°B`SXwdVENB'GQdVENB8nmINUºB8nVUmlCGX]8TQdVB8`TQdqdVENB'UºTJuB']B8lPlTQRN`@PUmRHGQdqdVENB
@PRFdVB8nVjBnVB8RN]B%OQB8RHB8nVTQd°B`pSFw6@PdVUVBlPji]8GF`NBSrB8]8TQIHUVB%GQji-INlCdV@P|§gNTQd°Eih
åxR>d°EH@PUgNTQgrB8nµL8dVENBifÑÓÒUV@COQRNTQlA@CU!TQUVUVIHuB8`>d°G'SrBmSNTQUVB`GQR
°²±
MN\uGX`HINlCTQd°@CGQRNäQ]8GQENB8nºB8RXd_`NB8uGF`NINlCTQdV@PGQRÓjGQnVuTQdÛ=@CdVE=GJlC`
]8GF`NB8Uµh6åxRâTQRÿÒiÞ =s]^EHTJRHRNB8lxL!dVENB <=k GQj=TifÑãÒUVwFUVdVB8
Û @PdVEd°EHB%-IHlPdV@C|~]8BlPlCUZàëQáo]8TQRpS¥B%@CRXvQB8Uºd°@COQTJdVB8`ih
Ã!³Ä B ËöÿõXÈZÍÎÌAúHù õ ô ËiùÎÆ ô úHÅʵ´pÍô ÌAË ôô ÍÎÉÅ þ
Ï ENB]8TQlP]INlCTJdV@CGJRgHTJnVTQuB8dVB8nVU'TQnVB%lC@CUVdVB8`TJU'jGQlClPGZÛ U
¶
<TQRN`HÛ=@C`NdVE·8¸?$¹}Qzº¼»½FLw<@Cd nVTQdVBuñ{~b?êy¹¾¿ÀÁ
¶
'TQ`N@CINU'GJji]8BlPlqñÂ?${¾ÃêLwÄiÒ_Ü>Å·?êÆ8
¶
îÈÇyÉ
ÊMË òÍÌ
Î
? Ï6jGQn'nVB8vQB8nVUVBlP@CRNW
¶î Ç É
ÊMË òÍÌ
Î
?z¿Ï6jGQn'jGQnVÛcTQnV`plC@CRNW
¶
{Ð
?
m
?
¹zu`NBOJnVBB8UZLFY_B8@COQEXd GQjid°EHB%TQRFd°BRNRNTk»Ñ?êzQ{ÈÃ
¶
ÃÒ?$ÈÆ}rL
±
TQdVEplCGQUVU'BXg¥GJRHB8RFd¥ÓI?꿹z
Ï EHB6`HB8grB8RH`NB8RH]8BdVGãdVENBdV@PlCdVB8`TQRNOQlPBGQj'TãIHUVB8`TQRFd°BRNRNTÙTQRN`
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
SIR / N [ dB ]
Tilted angle [ Degree ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)
θ
AO BO CO
BH
BL
Ô ÕÔ ÖÔ ×Ô ØÔ ÙÔÔ ÙÕÔ ÙÔÚÛ
ÙÔÚÜ ÙÔÚÝ ÙÔÚÞ ÙÔÚß ÙÔÚà ÙÔÚá ÙÔÚâ
ãäåæçèéêëìçèìã íîïðñ
ò
óô
ò õö÷øñ ùúûüýþÿ ùúûüýþ ùúûüýþ
KLON/P ¿HÀÁy5Ǧ¨
&
¿¥Z¬
& ¿ ε ¥¡~ °± °¡~~ Ç´³ q± °¡~~«ZH¬ZQ ¢¡~ °N~´³~ ¢¬
Z·´ %©%Z¬ U J °¡~¨©¦¡~²=Z¯° ± °¡~~«Zc~Z «Z²mªQ ¢¡c¦¨o«µ~ °¡~
_
¨©¦¡¿HÀÁ
F¦º¤¥ ¢¡!Q¦³8o£i·Z ¢¡J¦³ÙZ¬%¦Z~²=½°~³¦%J¦³â¾
É £
l
"A£
&'
"=¬Z °·¡~ ° ¢Â
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
SIR / N [ dB ]
Tilted angle [ Dgree ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)
θ JL
JH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
SIR / N [ dB ]
Transmitted power ratio between BSa and BSb [ dB ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)
JO
KLON/P ¿HÀÁ;5¦¨r~Z «Z§ ¢¡~´³¦8¯°~ °¬-ε ~¦¨©ªJ¦«ZZ¬Z¡~®%ªQ ¢Ö¤¥ ¢ °-~Z
~ °¯¢~¦¡~cu~Z '¨©¦¡~¤¥¡~¬u´³ -± °¡~~«Zc¬ZJ °¡~ ¢cγ´~ °¬uZ·´³ ©Z¬u¿HÀÁy5¦¨
~Z «Z§ ¢¡~´³¦¯¢~ °¬-~Z §¦¨©ªJ¦«ZZ¬µ¡~®%ªQ ¢Ö¤¥ ¢ °-~ °¯¢~¦¡~± °¡~~«Z¬µJ °¡~ °8
J¦º¤¥ °¡o¡~~³¦
É
¾
É £ l "!Q£
&('
"=¬Z ¢·¡~ ¢ °^£
¤ ¦ "!QÂ
ï¥ð¥ñmÁGQj 6-ï^|TQRN`#6ï^~_TQnVBçUVEHGZÛ=RÙ@CRÙÜ4@COhrh%ÜnVGJ*dVENBGNOQINnVBFL
GQRNB]8TQR.UºB8BÛ ENBd°EHB8ncdVENBINUºB8nVUcTQnVBINRH@PjÖGQnVulPwuGQncRNGQRN|~IHRN@CjGQnVulCw
`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdVB8`@CRdVENB']8GZvQB8nVTQOQB'UVBnVvX@C]8B'TQnVB8Trh Ï EHB'd°@ClCd°B`TJRFdVB8RNRHT@CU
]8TQgNTQSNlCB%GQjnVB8lCB8TQUV@CRNOuTçUºB8nV@CGQINU ENGQd=TQnVBTçSFw.UVEH@PjÖd°@CRNOudVENB%SrGQINRH`N|
TQnVwìîÖTJlCUVGdVB8nVuB8`âTQU>UVGQjÖdSrGQINRH`NTQnVwÇòVhuåxd>@PU>TQlCUVGBXg¥B8]8dVTQSNlCBd°G
gNnVGZvF@P`HB6TãSrB8dVdVB8nSNTQlCTJRH]8B6GQj'UVB8nVvF@P]B8UZLiÛ EN@C]^E@CUB8UVg¥B8]8@CTQlPlCwÐ@Cu|
GQjSNTQlCTJRH]8BTJU.ï¥ðÇñ| ? ï¥ð¥ñ{~h#"%$'&6($&TJRH`*)+$&TQnVBd°EHBuSrBUVd
grGQ@CRXdVU'@PRdVB8nVuU GQjiSNTQlCTJRH]8BGJjiUVBnVvX@C]8B8Uµh
Ü4@POQINnVBuTQlPUºGuUVEHGZÛ U dVENB¥<k( nVB8UVIHlPdVU'jGQn dVENBd°EHnVB8BBFTJu|
gHlPBgrGQ@PRFdVUZL6 »ÙL6 ¯ÓTQRN`6($û`NB8Uº]8nV@CSrB8`.TQSrGZvJBFh=iINnVvQB8UclPTQSrBlPlCB8`
,
iTQUVBÙ69¯
±
GQ@CRXdZLiTQUVBÙ69»
±
GQ@CRXd
,
ÛcBnVB]TJlC]8IHlPTQdVB8`ÿÛ @PdVE
dV@ClPdVB8`TQRHOJlCBb@?ê{'`NBOQnVB8BqjGQn(6ï^~oTJRH`C6-ï|L8nVBUVgrB8]d°@CvQB8lCwXh Ï EHB8UVB
nVBUVINlCdVUiUVENGZÛêdVENB8nVBcTQnVBcOQnVB8TQd`H@Pè¥B8nVB8RH]8BcGQj¿<k(grBnVjGQnVuTQRN]8BcjÖGQn
dVENBçUºB8]8dVGQn
TJRH`#_SrB8]TJIHUVBçGQjcRNGQRN|~IHRN@CjGQnV*INUºB8n%`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdV@CGJRih
Ï ENB.UVBnVvX@C]8B.SNTQlPTQRH]8BÙîUºTJuBuðÇïñÔTQRN`µ6(->ñò=]8TQRÿSrB.TJ]EN@CB8vQB8`
SFwâUVEH@PjÖd°@CRNOÙdVENBUºGJjÖdSrGQIHRN`NTQnVwâIHUV@CRNOÙ`NwFRNTQu@P]pd°@CdVlPB8`/TJRFdVB8RNRHT
UºENGZÛ RãTQUd°EHBGJgHd°@Cu@C[8TQd°@CGQRãgrGQ@CRXd6.$h_åxd°U6(->ñ grBnVjGQnVuTQRN]8B
]8TQRâSrBuUºB8B8RâSXwãdVENB]8IHnVvJBlCTJSrBlPlCB8` , iTJUºBÓI6($ ± GQ@PRFd , huåxd@PU
dVnVINBpd°EHTQddVENBpdV@PlCdVB8`TQRFd°BRNRNTÙTQnVnVTZwÿ]8TQR/gNnVGZvF@P`HBdVENBuBnV@PdçGQj
dVnVTQíu].SHTJlCTQRN]8B6TQRN`ÿTQlCUVGÓTQ]^EH@PBvJB6dVENB.GQgNdV@Cu@P[TJdV@CGJRêGQjïrðÇñ&SXw
TQINdVGQuTQd°@C]8TQlClPwÓdV@PlCdV@PRHOpdVENBçTQRXdVB8RHRNTpTQRN`Ð@PugNlCB8uBRXdV@CRNOpdVENBçUºGJjÖd
SrGQINRH`NTQnVwTQuGQRNO]B8lClPUµLA]GJnVnVBUVgrGQRN`H@PRHOdVGdVENBvZTQnV@CTJdV@CGJRpGJj!dVnVTQj|
GH]Xh
ÜHGQncdVEHBjÖGQnVÛcTJnº`.lC@CRNWÇLAdVENB_UV@CdVINTQd°@CGQR6@CUcUºGJuBÛ=EHTQdc`N@CèrB8nVBRXdZL
SrB]8TQINUVBcdVEHBcnVB8jBnVB8RN]BcdVTJnVOQB8di@CUidVENBcuGQSN@ClCBcINUºB8niÛ ENG_dVnVTZvJBlPU4TJRFw
TQnVB8T@CRãdVENBçUVwFUVdVB8Óh Ï EHBÛcGQnVUºd_]TJUºBEHTJgHgrB8RNU%Û ENB8RÙdVENBnVBjB8nV|
B8RH]8BIHUVB8n@PUlPGF]8TQd°B`.TQdcdVENBS¥GJIHRN`NTQnVwFhÜ4@POQINnVB_ë-UVENGZÛ Uï¥ð¥ñmÁGQj
nVBjB8nVBRN]8B%IHUVB8nVU'lPGF]8TQd°B`pTQd d°EHB%UVGQjÖd=SrGQINRH`NTQnVw6GJj6-ï^|>TQRH`i6ï^~
TQOQTJ@CRNUºdcvZTQnV@PGQINUdV@PlCdVB8`6TJRHOQlPB_Û ENB8R6dVENB_d°nVTQRNUºu@PdVdVB8`6grGZÛcB8nnVTJdV@CG
«T|Æ«T~m?%TQRN`GQnVdVENGQOQGQRNTQljTQ]8dVGQn9T?ì{¹zrhcÒ_UUºENGZÛ R@CRdVENB
gHlPGQdVUZLo@Pd>@PU>@CugrGQUVUV@CSNlCBd°GGNRN`âdVENBUVTQuBï¥ð¥ñmÁJLÇSrB]8TQINUVBdVENB8nVB
TQnVBRNGç@PRFdVB8nVUVB]8dV@PGQRgrGQ@CRXdVU=SrB8dxÛcBB8RÙï¥ðÇñ|TQRN`Ùï¥ðÇñ~h Ï EN@CU=@Pu|
gHlP@CB8UdVENTQdZLAGQRN]8B_TQOQTQ@PRiLAdVENB_SHTJlCTQRN]8@CRNOnV@C`NOQB_@CRãï¥ðÇñ|%TQRN`ÙïrðÇñ{~
]8TQRHRNGQd>S¥B.GQSNdVTJ@CRNB`LTQU-lCGJRHOÓTJUGJRHlPwÐdVENB.dV@ClPdVB8`êTQRNOQlPB6]8GQRXdVnVGQl
GQdVENB8n'd°EHTJRB8lCUVB@PU'@CRXvQGQlPvQB8`Û @Cd°EkGNRH`N@CRNOuTuUVGQlCINdV@CGJRih
sGZÛ ÛcBTQnVBOJGQ@CRNOÿd°Gÿd°nVBTJd.d°EHBgNnVGQSNlCB8 @PRØUºIN]EìTÿÛcTZw
dVENTQdçdVENBgrGZÛcBnçnVTQd°@CGÙTQnVnVTQRNOQB8uB8RFdçTJRH`dVENBpd°@ClCd°B`TQRNOQlCB]8GQRN|
dVnVGQlqTQnVB]8GQ-SH@PRNB`âdVG@CRXvQB8Uºd°@COQTQd°B.d°EHGJUºBB8èrB8]d°U>dVGd°EHBUVwFUVdVB8Óh
Ü4@COQINnVB%ëuTQlPUºGuUVENGZÛ U dVENBnVB8lCTJdV@CGJRHUVEH@PgSrB8dxÛcB8BRÐï¥ðÇñÚTQRN`pdVnVTQRNUV|
u@Cd°dVB8`âgrGZÛcB8nnVTQdV@PGÛ ENB8Rk? {rh Ï EHB8nVBuTQnVBuTQlPuGQUVddVENBuUºTJuB
dVENnVBBunV@C`NOQBgrGQ@CRXdVU>GJjdVENBSHTJlCTQRN]8B@CRØï¥ð¥ñ>LÇÛ EH@P]EâTJnºBuuTQnVWQB8`
Û @Cd°E0/$@CRdVENBIGHOQINnVBXL4Û EHB8R«T|Æ«T~@CUçTQnVGJIHRN` QhzÙ`¿<>h!s_GQd°B
dVENTQd'lCGZÛcB8n@«T|Æ«T~ Û @ClPl!S¥BSrB8RHBGN]@PTQl!dVGd°EHGJUºBINUºB8nVU'TQnVGQINRH`dVENB
UºGJjÖdqSrGQINRH`NTQnVw@PRUºB8]8dVGQnbLJTQRN`EH@POQENBnb«T|Æ«T~qSrB8RNBgGNdVUqdVEHB IHUVB8nVU
TQnVGQINRN`dVENBUVGQjd SrGQINRH`NTQnVw6@PRUVB]8dVGJn
h
³Ä ÉrÅÌAùÎË ô ÍÎÉÅ ô
Ò_]8]8GQnV`H@PRHOêdVGêdVENBãRFINuBnV@P]TJlnVB8UVIHlPdVUZL=@Cd6@CUéFIN@Cd°BãB8è¥B8]8dV@PvQBãjÖGQn
IHUVB8n=]8GQRNOQB8UVdV@CGJRpnVB8lP@CB8jVhkmUVg¥B8]8@CTJlClCwXLX@Pd=@PU=UºIN@Cd°TQSNlCBjGQn=d°EHBnVB8vQB8nVUVB
lC@PRHWç@CRÛ EH@P]E.d°EHB'IHUVB8nc]8GQRNOQB8UVdV@CGQRgHnVGQSNlCB8&@CUcd°nVBTQd°B`Û @CdVE.vZTJnV|
@CGQINUIHUVB8n`H@PUºd°nV@CSNIHd°@CGQRNU%d°GTQ`N`HnVB8UVU%dVENBSHTJlCTQRN]8BçGQjqUVBnVvX@C]8BUZh_åxR
dVEN@CUgNTQgrBnZLÛcBTQlCUVGUVB8BdVENBTQgHgNnVGQTJ]EãSFwdV@PlCdVB8`ãTQRFd°BRNRNTTQnVnVTZw
uTZwãSrBu]GJ-SH@PRHB8`âÛ @PdVEÐdVENBgrGZÛcB8n>nVTJdV@CGTJlClCGX]8TQdV@CGJRâ]8GQRFd°nºGJlqdVG
GQgNdV@Cu@P[B%gHnVGJSHlPBuU jÖGJn'@PugHlPBuB8RXdV@CRNOuUºB8nVvF@P]8BSNTQlCTJRH]8BXh
1324526728:9;2<
j
p>='¸=¸?²>£='¸='¸F ¢ £ ¸@X¸?³²ìZ¬A?¸R ¸BZZ·A£3CR Z¯°Ö®Z´³®8§
¦¨²=¯°¡~¦ED§²=¯°¡~¦¯¢ °´´ R =F+GÓ¤o³~_J¦º¤¥ ¢¡o¡~~¦=¯¢¦~¡~¦´XZ¬_~³´~ °¬_Z»
~ ¢µZIHQ£ºJKL¹N¡~Z^¸V¦NMH °Z¯°«Z´¡H¹N ¢¯Zµ¦´¦·®£OMH¦´Ö¸qIPQ£OQi¦Q¸
£ºZN¸h q»
q cA£;@8N¸c "!" "
jc p>@A¸RZ¸B-«N£!@A¸?¸R «ZZ·%Z¬ R ¸R ¸B- °N£SCTi¦~»C§J¦m~¡~¶=¯ ¡~ ¢´³ °¨Ç¤o³~
~´³~ ¢¬ç8~ °ZZ% R =F+G¯¢ °´´³«Z´¡mZ ¢Ö¤¥¦¡U UHQ£XJKL㹡~Z^¸Q¦(M ¢»
Z¯°«Z´³¡o¹ °¯ZZ¦´¦·®£;M¦´Î¸qEV£Q¦Q¸
£8ZN¸
»WPQ£Xµ °ªN¸
PIP;Y
jh p>?¸¹; °¦Q£RZ¸RVΦ4Z¬ZG ¸r·º¤¥Q£C[rZ~²m«Z²Ù¯¢ °´´ªJ¦«ZZ¬Z¡~®q¨©¦¡N«ZZ´³
Z¬¬Z¦º¤oZ´³ _³ R =FAGÐ~®§~ ¢²NHQ£Z5r R p¹¡~Z^¸ R ¦²=²m«ZZ³¯¢~¦µ^£
MH¦´Ö¸KY!h»Wm£Q¦A¸qQ£8ZN¸Y ª »WY ª;YQ£GZ¡~³´c " "!"
jq p¹c¸F%Χ«Z¬ZQ£\RZ¸¡§ØZ¬]Q ¸F¦¡~³Z·A£ CTXJ ¢~ªZ³´³Ö®^RV~«Z¬Z®×¦
=3RV»
R
=FAG_D§¹`=FAGaXµ¡~ cb8«µ ¢Z¯°®dRºZ¡~Z·eRV®~~ °²fHA£hg¡~¦¯¸çJLK
i ´³¦ªQ ¢¯°¦²=²+jPEV£8ZN¸PEVq»WPEV[PQ£Q¦º±F¸
PIPV