• Aucun résultat trouvé

Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless communications

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless communications"

Copied!
3
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00466050

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00466050

Submitted on 22 Mar 2010

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless

communications

Jie Zhou, Shigenobu Sasaki, Hisakazu Kikuchi, Yoshikuni Onozato

To cite this version:

Jie Zhou, Shigenobu Sasaki, Hisakazu Kikuchi, Yoshikuni Onozato. Optimum cell boundary with power ratio control and tilted antenna arrays in a cellular wireless communications. WiOpt’03: Mod- eling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks, Mar 2003, Sophia Antipolis, France.

2 p. �inria-00466050�

(2)

23465178 )9 '55:; <=>85

?A@CB.DFEHGJIHKJLFMNEH@POQBRNGQSNIMNTQUVTQWX@CKQLFY@CUVTQWZTQ[8I\%@CWFIN]^EH@PK_TQRN`aGQUVEH@PWFINRH@cbcRNGQ[8TQdVGQe

K^f%B8gNdZhiGQjkmlCB8]8dVnV@C]8TQloTQRN`pkmlCB8]8dVnVGQRN@C]kqRHOJ@CRNBB8nV@CRNOrLFs_@P@COQTJdVTut_RN@CvQB8nVUV@CdxwXLFyQzQ{Q|~}r^€rQLF?ATQgNTQR

ef‚B8gHdƒhiGQj…„iGJ†ugHINdVB8n'MN]8@CB8RN]BXLo‡ˆINRH†uTutRH@PvQBnVUV@Cd‰wFLFŠr‹^ŒQ|~€QzrzLŽ?ATQgNTQR

‘’i“>”6–•u“

—™˜mš~›ZœŽžZŸžQ ¢¡£¢¤¥ ržZ¡~¦žQ¦~ rš~›Z r§¦¨©šFªQ¦«Z˜Z¬ZŸ­¡~®4¯¢¦­˜Z¯¢ °žZšFŸ­¯‰›Zœ °±­ ¢¬mª8®4¬Z®˜ZŸ­²ˆœ³¯

š~œš~´³ ¢¬Ÿ˜š~ ¢˜µ˜ZŸmš~¦c§¦´±­ iš~›Z iœ§~«Z i¦­¨Xš~¡~Ÿ¶=¯i¯°¦˜Z· °~š~œ³¦˜¦8¯°¯°«Z¡~¡~ ¢¬œ˜¯° ¢´³´«Z´³Ÿ¡

¤oœ³¡~ ¢´³ ¢§r§®8§š~ ¢²=^¸X¹!›Z !š~œ³´š~ °¬…Ÿ­˜8š~ °˜Z˜ZŸqŸ­¡~¡~Ÿº®ˆ¯¢Ÿ­˜…žZ¡~¦º±œ¬Z š~›Z ²ˆ °¡~œšr¦­¨Aš~¡~Ÿ¨©»

¼ ¯oªZŸ´³Ÿ˜Z¯° oŸ˜Z¬ˆŸ­´§¦4Ÿ­¯‰›Zœ³ ¢±­ oš~›Z o¦žZš~œ²=œ½°Ÿš~œ³¦˜=¦¨Jš~›Z o~œ³·˜ZŸ­´»Cš~¦­»Cœ˜š~ °¡~¨© ¢¡~ °˜Z¯° 

¡~Ÿš~œ³¦‚¾©¿HÀ­Á=ÂXŸš¥¡~ °¯° ¢œ³± °¡~¥ª®=Ÿ­«Zš~¦²ˆŸ­š~œ¯°Ÿ´³´®=š~œ³´š~œ³˜Z·cš~›Z iŸ˜š~ ¢˜Z˜ZŸcŸ˜Z¬œ²=žZ´ °»

²ˆ °˜š~œ˜Z·_š~›Z ˆ§¦¨©š4ªQ¦«Z˜Z¬ZŸ­¡~®%Ÿ²=¦˜Z·_¯° ¢´³´£J¯°¦¡~¡~ ¢§žJ¦­˜Z¬Zœ˜Z·_š~¦_š~›Z ˆ±ºŸ­¡~œŸš~œ³¦˜

¦¨Žš~¡~Ÿ¶=¯ƒ¸

íĈÃ8ÅÇÆÈZÉÇÊiËiÌQÆÍÎɍÅ

Ï ENB-]TJgHTQ]8@PdxwGQjTЄif‚ÑÓÒÔ]8BlPlCINlCTQn_UVwFUVdVB8†Õ@CU_`NBd°BnV†u@PRHB8`ÓSFwpT

vQGJlCIN†uB-GQjdVENB-@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RN]B-@PRH]8lPIH`N@CRNO6d°EHB>@CRFd°BnVRNTQl@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8B

TQRN`׆-INlCdV@P|~]nVGJUºUp@PRFd°BnVj™B8nºB8RN]8BFh,Ò_RXwØ`NB]8nVB8TQUVBÙ@CRÚdVENBÙ@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nV|

B8RN]B…Û…@PlClN`H@PnVB]8dVlPwnVB8UVIHlPdq@PR–d°EHB…@PRH]8nVB8TQUVB…@CRudVENB…UºwXUVdVB8†Ô]8TQgHTJ]@PdxwXh

܍nVGJ†Ý\.hC„…hÞÚENTQRNOrßUnVBUVB8TQnV]EÐnVB8UºINlCd°UµàPáxà}QáxàŠQáxLoTd°@ClCd°B`ÐTQRFd°BRNRNT

TQnVnVTZwâ]8TQRS¥B‘INUVB`dVGãnVB`NIN]B‘d°EHB‘@PRFdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RN]B‘@CREN@CB8nVTQnV]^EH@P]TJl

†uTQ]8nVGX]B8lClPäQ†u@C]8nVGF]8B8lCl‚UVwFUVdVB8†uUµL=@CR×dxÛcGdV@PBnVU‘UºENTQnV@CRNOdVENBÙUVTQ†uB

UVgrB]8dVnVIN†Óh

åxRânVB8TQlq]B8lClPIHlPTQn>B8RFvX@CnVGQRN†uB8RFdVUZLodVENTQd@CU>RNGQRN|~IHRN@Cj™GQnV†ÝnVTJ`H@PG

B8RFvX@CnVGQRN†uB8RFdVUZLqRNGQRN|~IHRN@Cj™GQnV†æIHUVB8n–`N@CUVdVnV@PSHINdV@CGJRHUu`HGQ†u@PRNTQdVBTQRN`

dVEXINUµLrdVENBçgrBnVj™GQnV†uTQRN]8Bç]ENTQnVTQ]8dVB8nV@CUVdV@P]U%`N@CèrB8n%TJ†uGQRHO‘]8BlPlCUZL¥TQRN`

]8GQ†u†-INRH@P]TJdV@CGQR/éFINTQlC@PdxwêvZTQnV@CB8UunVTQgN@C`NlCwoàëQáxhׇ=@PvQB8Rìd°EHB8UVBSNTQ]^WF|

OQnVGJIHRN`NUµLoÛcB–gNnVGQgrGQUVB–dVENB–UºGQj™dS¥GJIHRN`NTQnVwÙ]8GQRN]8BgNdTQ]EN@CB8vQB8`âSFw

`NwFRNTQ†u@P]‚d°@CdVlPB`6TQRXdVB8RHRNTdVG-UºGJlCvQB_dVENB_@CUVUºINB_GQjodVnVTQíu]_]8GQRNOQB8Uºd°@CGQR

GX]]8INnVnVB`ã@CRã]8BlPlCINlCTQn‚Û…@PnVBlPBUVU‚UºwXUVdVB8†uUµh Ï ENBçdV@PlCd°B`ãTQRFd°BRNRNT‘TQnV|

nVTZw]8TQRÙgNnVGZvF@C`NBçdVENBç†uB8nV@Cd‚GQjmdVnVTJíu]çSHTJlCTQRN]8BçTQRH`ãTQlCUVGpTJ]EN@CB8vQB

dVENB–GQgNdV@P†u@C[8TQdV@PGQRâGQjˆdVENB–Uº@POQRHTJlC|~dVGQ|~@PRFdVB8nVj™BnVB8RN]B–nVTQd°@CGîxï¥ðÇñò=TJd

nVB8]8B@PvQB8nVUSFw>TQINdVGJ†uTQdV@P]TJlClCw>dV@ClPdV@PRHO‚dVENB=TQRXdVB8RHRNT‚TQRH`@C†ugNlCB8†uBRXdV|

@PRHOdVENB‚UVGQj™d=SrGJIHRN`HTJnVw–TQ†uGQRNOç]8B8lClPUµLA]8GQnVnVBUVgrGQRN`H@PRHOd°Gçd°EHB‚vZTJnV@C|

TQd°@CGQRpGQjidVnVTJíu]Fh

ÃÃ8Ä ’óoô ÆõXöø÷,ÉÇÊiõXùˆúHÅiÊûú “ ÍÎùÎÆ8õFÊ  ÅoÆ8õFÅÅiúÐü_úHÆ8ÆõXȵÅ

6ý=“ ÍÎùÎÆ8õFÊúHÅÇÆõXÅiÅiúçúNÈZȵú óoþ Ü@POQINnVB_4`NB8gH@P]d°U!dVENBmŒJ{Q|~`HB8OQnVB8Bq`N@C|

nVB8]8dV@CGQRNTQl!TQRFd°BRNRNT.gNTQdVdVB8nVRdVENTQd]8GZvQB8nVUT.UVB]8d°GQnۅ@Cd°EÓd°EHB>UVTQ†uB

TQRXdVB8RNRHTÿOQTQ@CRû@PRûdVENBÓEHGJnº@P[8GQRFd°TQl_`N@CnVB8]8dV@CGJRÔî™@xhBXhCLØgNlCTQRNBXò

UVEHGƒÛ…R–@CR–Ü4@COJUµhP=TQRN`–}rî™TròVhˆbˆj¥gNnV@C†uTQnVw]8GQRN]B8nVR–ENBnVB…@CUmdVENB'ENGQnV|

@P[GQRXdVTQlrTQRXdVB8RNRHT-gHTJdVdVB8nVR6ۅENB8R6dVENB_TQRXdVB8RHRNT-@CUˆdV@PlCdVB8`6`NGZۅR6SXwuT

TQRNOQlPB‚@PRpd°EHB‚vJBnVd°@C]8TQlÇgNlCTJRHB–îÖ@‰hBXhCL 6gNlCTQRNBXòVhiåxj!dVENB‚vQB8nVdV@P]TJl

gNTQdVd°BnVRâGQjˆdVENB.d°@ClCd°B`âTQRXdVB8RHRNTTQnVnVTZwÙ@PU-WXRNGZۅRiLodVENB–EHGQnV@P[GJRFdVTJl

gNTQdVd°BnVRûۅ@Cd°EÚdV@PlCdVB8`ÚTJRHOQlPBã]8TQRûSrBãOQGJd6TQU‘UVENGZۅRÚ@PRÚÜ4@POrh}rî™Siò°h

Ï ENB8RiLHdVENB-RHGJnV†uTQlC@C[8B8`ãvJBnVd°@C]8TQliTJRFdVB8RNRHT6OJTQ@CRÓGQjdVENB†uTJ@CRÓlCGQSrB

]8TQRpS¥B%TQgNgHnVGX@C†uTQd°BlPw6BFgNnVBUVUVB`pSFwÇàCá‰à}Qá

¾HÂ

¾

 !#"%$

$

&('

)+*-,/.10+24351.

¾ Â

ۅENBnVB7698 @CU4dVENBˆSrB8TQ†u|~ۅ@C`NdVEGQjHdVENB=INUVB`d°@ClCd°B`TQRXdVB8RHRNT‚TQnVnVTZw

dVENTQd‚@PU%TJUºUVIN†uB`ãdVG‘SrB{‘`HB8OQnVB8B8U%TJU%TQRãBFTQ†ugNlCBdVG‘SrB@CRFvJBUV|

dV@POQTQd°B`h;:Ð@PU{rhP.î™GQn'|^{–`<ò4TQRN`>=p@PUdVENB>TJRHOJlCB>`NnV@Cj™dVB8`GQèãSFw

{Ù`NB8OQnVB8Bp@PR/vQB8nVdV@P]TJl=gHlPTQRNBpTQRN`/@PRH]8nVB8TQUV@CRNOÙIHgdVG#698 L4ۅEH@P]E

]8GQnVnVB8UºgrGQRN`NU'dVGu|^{u`<×@CRTJRFdVB8RNRHTuOQTJ@CRhåxRpÜ4@COrh}rîÖSòVLŽd°EHB%UºGQlP@C`

lP@CRNB'`NBRNGQd°BUqdVENB'vQB8nVdV@P]TJlHgHTQd°dVB8nVR–j™GQnqTQR–INRH|~d°@ClCd°B`uTQRFd°BRNRNT‘î™@xhBXhPL

@?ê{-`HB8OQnVB8BXòVhÞÚENB8R6dVENB_TQRXdVB8RHRNT-@CUˆdV@PlCdVB8`6SXw–TAALAdVENB_vQB8nVdV@P]TJl

gNTQdVd°BnVRpۅ@ClClÇUºINSNUºB8éFINB8RFdVlPw6UVEH@PjÖd…nV@POQEFd…TQU…dVENB`NTQUVEHB8`plC@CRNBXh

ýCB ɍÅDƒËiÅÍ E‰ÉÈZö Ë ô õFȑÊÍô ÆÈZÍ FËiÆÍÖÉrÅÚöâÉoÊõFùôþ ܍GQn'UV@C†ugNlC@C]8|

@PdxwFLrÛcBç]GJRHUV@C`NB8n%dVENBçUV@C†ugNlCBçGQRNB|~`N@C†uB8RNUº@PGQRNTQl†uGX`HB8lCU%@PRÙۅEH@P]E

INUºB8nVUmTQnVB'lCGX]8TQdVB8`.]8GQRXdV@PRFINGQIHUVlPwçGZvQB8nmdVENB'ۅEHGQlPB']B8lClHTQnVB8T‘îÖUVB8]d°GQn

TQnVB8Trò°h Ï EHBpRFIN†SrB8nuGQj_IHUVB8nVU–TQduTÐg¥GJ@CRXd–@PU–`HBGNRHB8`ìTQUudVnVTQíu]

`NB8RHUV@CdxwÓdVENTQd@CU]8GQRNUº@P`HB8nVB8`âTJU>GJRHlPwãdVENB–j™INRH]8dV@PGQRâGJjˆ`N@CUVdVTQRN]8BH

îÖd°EHB-`N@CUVdVTQRN]8BSrB8dxÛcBB8RÓT6g¥GJ@CRFddVG6SNTQUºB-UVdVTQd°@CGQRòqdVENTQd_†uB8TQRNU‚@Pd

@PURHGQRN|~IHRN@Cj™GQnV†3`N@CUVdVnV@PSHINdV@PGQRÐdVGIHpTQRN`âINRN@Cj™GQnV†3`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdV@CGJRâd°G

BS

BS

BS Sector a Sector b

a

b

user r α

BSa BSb

Boundary

H

Service area R R s

antenna

Crossover area β φ

ϕ

Vertical main lobe of antenna

far-end interference area

KMLON/PQ R  ¢´³´«Z´³Ÿ¡o·­ ¢¦­²ˆ °š~¡~®'Ÿ˜Z¬‚šÎœ³´š~ °¬_Ÿ­˜8š~ °˜Z˜ZŸ

ω 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0 90

180

270

no tilted θ degree tilted 30

330

(a) Horizontal pattern

(b) Vertical pattern Angle -10

-8 -6 -4 -2 0

-12 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Antenna gain (dB)

θ solid: original pattern

dashed: beam tilted pattern

KLON/PTS U Ÿ­¬ZœŸš~œ³¦˜‚žZŸš~š~ ¢¡§˜_¦¨ŽŸ=š~œ´³š~ ¢¬‚Ÿ˜š~ ¢˜Z˜ZŸ=Ÿ¡~¡~Ÿº®

V

îHròiTJnVBTQUVUVIH†uB8`TJU'j™GQlClPGZۅUµàŠQá

WYX 51.

YZ\[

¾]0ZÂ^`_

Á

ba

0 ¾cAÂ

WYX

51.c

Z\[

¾]0ZÂ^

c _

.

ed

c­Á

a

¾].gf  ¾hAÂ

WYX 51.h

Z\[

¾]0ZÂ^i_

Ákj Mml

a

513n¾go

Á

0µÂp ¾qAÂ

ÃZÃZíĈü_õFÈE‰ÉÈZöÿúNÅiÌAõr%sŽúHùÎËúHÆÍÖÉrÅ

‘ý

÷,ÉÇÊiÍ tõFÊuE‰ÉÈZöãËiùÎú–ÉEïrðÇñÚÍÎÅÙÆviõÈZõwsõFÈ

ô

õùÎÍÎÅyx

þ

Òì]8TQnVB8|

jÖINl¥@PRFvQB8UVdV@POQTQdV@PGQR‘†-INUºdcS¥B_j™GF]8INUºB8`6GQR6dVENB‚B8vZTQlPIHTQd°@CGQR6GQjoS¥GJIHRN`N|

TQnVwãUºEN@PjÖdg¥GJ@CRXdZLqñ{zµLoTQRH`âd°EHB–@P†ugHTJ]dGQjˆdV@PlCdVB8`âTQRNOQlCBXLXLÇ@CRânVB8|

UºgrB8]8dV@CvJB.INUVBn`H@PUºd°nº@PSNIHdV@PGQRâ†uGF`NBlPUZh.܍GJn 6ï^|6TQRN`}6ï^~ƒLqï¥ðÇñ{|

TQRN`âï¥ð¥ñ{~=TQnVB%OQ@CvQB8RTJU'j™GQlClPGZۅUµàŠQá

¿HÀÁ€

 ¾_  ƒ‚À„†…+‡

ˆ

m‰

¿

¿HÀ­Á

ˆ

 ¾_ ˆ

C Š‚À „†…+‡

 ˆ ‰ ¿ ˆ

¾‹AÂ

ۅENBnVB>Œ7|ãTQRN`Œ7~–TQnVBdVENBdVGQd°TQlRFIN†-SrBn.GJj%INUºB8nVU.@CRØUºB8]8dVGQn

Ž

TQRN`8L4nVB8UVgrB]8dV@PvQB8lCwXh𑓒g”

~•|

@CUdVENB‘BFdVB8nVRNTQlˆ@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8B6jÖnVGQ†

dVENB_TQ`–VTJ]B8RFdcUVB]8dVGJn7qdVGA6ï^|Žho𑓒g”

~•|

@PUˆdVENB_BFdVB8nVRNTQlr@CRFd°BnVj™B8nVBRN]8B

jÖnVGJ†d°EHB%TQ`–VTQ]8B8RFd…UVB8]d°GQn

Ž

dVGk6ï^~ƒh

çý ÷,ÉÇÊiÍ tiõXʗE‰ÉÈµöãËiùÖúçÉEï¥ð¥ñØÍÎÅÆviõ@E‰ÉÈ˜>úHÈZÊùÎÍÎÅyx þ ܍GJn!dVENB

jÖGJnVۈTJnV`âlC@PRNWoLÇUº@PRH]8BudVENB–@PRH|~]8BlPlqdVnVTQRNUV†u@CUVUº@PGQRNU>TQnVBuUVwFRN]ENnVGQRNGQINU

TQRN`ÙENB8RH]8B]8TQRãSrBç†uTJ`HBGQnVdVENGQOJGQRHTJlxàŠJáxLr†-INlCdV@PIHUVB8n‚@CRFd°BnVj™B8nVBRN]8B

]8TQR,S¥B†uTJ`HBd°G×nVB8`HIN]8BUº@POQRH@OGH]8TQRXdVlPwFh:ÞÐBRNGQdVBdVENTQdãUºGJ†uB

TQ†uGQINRFd-GQj…†INlCd°@C|~gHTJdVEêgHnVGQgNTQOQTJdV@CGJR`NBOJnVTQ`NBUdVENB6GQnVdVENGQOQGJRHTQlP|

@CdxwXhqåxd'ۅ@PlCl!nVB8UVIHlPd'@CRUºGJ†uB>@CRN|~]8BlPl!@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXLŽSHINd'dVEN@CU'ۅ@ClPl!SrB

Uº†çTQlClq]GQ†ugNTQnVB8`âۅ@CdVEâdVENB–GQINdV|~]B8lPlm@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXh Ï EH@PU-@PU>BUVgrB8|

]8@CTQlPlCwâdVnVINB‘@Pjb™'Ò_\%k nVB]8B8@CvQB8nVUçTJnVB‘TQ`NGQgNdVB8`TQRN`êUºGQ†çB‘UV]nVTJ†u|

(3)

îÖ{>œ

?

šT›œ

?

Qò°L@CRÿdVENB6@CRXvQB8UVdV@COQTJdV@CGJRêdVGÓBFgNnVBUVU-dVENB6`NB8OQnVBB.GQj

GQnVd°EHGJOQGQRNTQlC@PdxwÿlCGQUVUu`NINBpdVGÙd°EHB‘†-IHlPdV@C|~gNTQdVE/B8èrB8]8dVUZàŠQáxhi<ˆwÿdVTJWF|

@PRHOu@CRFd°G–TQ]8]8GQIHRXd'GQjiTQlPl!]8GQRXdVnV@CSNINdV@CGQRNUZLÇï¥ðÇñ€|Žîž8ò4j™GQn€žx|§d°EINUVB8n'@CR

UVB8]d°GQn

Ž

]TJRSrBBXgHnVB8UVUºB8`TJU

¿HÀ­ÁŸƒ¾]3‰Âb  ¡



¾]3‰Â

a£¢

¾]3xÂ

¾

¥¤T¦

   ¢

¾3xƒ‚

   ˆ

¢§

¾]3xÂ

¾]-¨T©JÂ

¾ªQÂ

ۅEHB8nVBXLŠ«T¬^|NòF@CUodVENBqUº@POQRNTQlAgrGZÛcB8n!UVB8RFdojÖnVGJ†6ï^|mdVG'INUVB8nTž8h Ï ENB

GNnVUºdgNTQnVdGQjˆ@CRXdVB8nVjÖB8nVB8RH]8BXLcîV%®šT›'òe«T|ƒ¯ˆîž8òˆ@CRâkméÇhCî֌ò=@PU>OQB8RHB8nV|

TQd°B`–SXwdVENB'GQdVENB8nmINUºB8nVUmlCGX]8TQdVB8`–TQdqdVENB'UºTJ†uB']B8lPlTQRN`–@PUmRHGQdqdVENB

@PRFdVB8nVj™BnVB8RN]B%OQB8RHB8nVTQd°B`pSFw6@PdVUVBlPji]8GF`NBSrB8]8TQIHUVB%GQji†-INlCdV@P|§gNTQd°Eih

åxR>d°EH@PUgNTQgrB8nµL8dVENB‚„if‚ÑÓÒUV@COQRNTQlA@CU!TQUVUVIH†uB8`>d°G'SrBmSNTQUVB`GQR

°²±

MN\†uGX`HINlCTQd°@CGQRNäQ]8GQENB8nºB8RXd_`NB8†uGF`NINlCTQdV@PGQRÓj™GQnV†uTQdÛ=@CdVE‡=GJlC`

]8GF`NB8Uµh6åxRâTQRÿÒiÞ ‡=s]^EHTJRHRNB8lxL!dVENB <=k™ GQj=T„if‚ÑãÒUVwFUVdVB8†

ۅ@PdVEd°EHB%†-IHlPdV@C|~]8BlPlCUZàëQáo]8TQRpS¥B%@CRXvQB8Uºd°@COQTJdVB8`ih

Ã!³‘Ä B ËöÿõXÈZÍÎÌAúHù ” õ ô ËiùÎÆ ô úHÅʵ´pÍô ÌAË ôƒô ÍÎɍŠþ

Ï ENB]8TQlP]INlCTJdV@CGJRgHTJnVTQ†uB8dVB8nVU'TQnVB%lC@CUVdVB8`TJU'j™GQlClPGZۅU

<ˆTQRN`HÛ=@C`NdVE·8¸?$¹}Qzº¼»½FLw<ˆ@Cd…nVTQdVBuñ{~b?êy¹Œ¾¿†ÀÁ

™'TQ`N@CINU'GJji]8BlPlqñÂ?${¾ÃêLwÄiÒ_Ü>Å·?êŠÆ8€

îÈÇyÉ

ÊMË òÍÌ

‘“Î

? ‹Ïƒ6j™GQn'nVB8vQB8nVUVBlP@CRNW

¶î Ç É

ÊMË òÍÌ

‘“Î

?z¿Ïƒ6j™GQn'j™GQnVÛcTQnV`plC@CRNW

{М

?

?

¹zu`NBOJnVBB8UZLFY_B8@COQEXd…GQjid°EHB%TQRFd°BRNRNTk»Ñ?êzQ{ÈÃ

ÃÒ?$ÈÆ­}rL

±

TQdVEplCGQUVU'BXg¥GJRHB8RFd¥ÓI?ꊿ¹z

Ï EHB6`HB8grB8RH`NB8RH]8B‘dVGãdVENB‘dV@PlCdVB8`TQRNOQlPB‘GQj'TãIHUVB8`TQRFd°BRNRNTÙTQRN`

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

SIR / N [ dB ]

Tilted angle [ Degree ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)

θ

AO BO CO

BH

BL

Ô ÕÔ ÖÔ ×Ô ØÔ ÙÔÔ ÙÕÔ ÙÔÚÛ

ÙÔÚÜ ÙÔÚÝ ÙÔÚÞ ÙÔÚß ÙÔÚà ÙÔÚá ÙÔÚâ

ãäåæçèéêëìçèìã íîïðñ

ò

óô

ò õö÷øñ ùúûüýþÿ ùúûüýþ ùúûüýþ

KLON/P ¿HÀ­Áy5Ǧ­¨

&

¿¥Ÿ­˜Z¬

& ¿ ˆ œ˜ˆšÎ›µ ¥¡~ °± °¡~~ Ç´œ³˜ q± °¡~~«ZH¬ZœQ ¢¡~ °˜šNš~œ´³š~ ¢¬

Ÿ˜Z·­´ %©%Ÿ˜Z¬ U žJ °¡~¨©¦¡~²=Ÿ˜Z¯° ± °¡~~«Zcš~›Z ˜«Z²mªQ ¢¡c¦­¨o«µ~ °¡~

_

¨©¦¡ˆ¿HÀ­Á

F¦º¤¥ ¢¡!žQ¦œ³˜8šo£iœ·­›Z ¢¡žJ¦œ³˜šÙŸ˜Z¬%¦žZš~œ²=œ½°Ÿš~œ³¦˜%žJ¦œ³˜šâ¾

É £

l

"‹A£

&'

"=¬Z °·¡~ ° ¢Â

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

SIR / N [ dB ]

Tilted angle [ Dgree ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)

θ JL

JH

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

SIR / N [ dB ]

Transmitted power ratio between BSa and BSb [ dB ] case 1 (BSa) case 2 (BSa) case 3 (BSa) case 1 (BSb) case 2 (BSb) case 3 (BSb)

JO

KLON/P ¿HÀ­Á;5ˆ¦­¨rš~›Z ˆ«Z§ ¢¡~´³¦8¯°Ÿš~ °¬-ŸššÎ›µ ˆ~¦¨©šªJ¦­«Z˜Z¬ZŸ¡~®%ªQ ¢šÖ¤¥ ¢ °˜-š~›Z 

~ °¯¢š~¦­¡~cœ˜uš~›Z '¨©¦¡~¤¥Ÿ¡~¬u´œ³˜ -± °¡~~«Zc¬ZœJ °¡~ ¢˜šcšÎœ³´š~ °¬uŸ˜Z·´³  ©‚Ÿ­˜Z¬u¿HÀ­Áy5¦¨

š~›Z ˆ«Z§ ¢¡~´³¦¯¢Ÿš~ °¬-Ÿšš~›Z ˆ§¦¨©šªJ¦«Z˜Z¬µŸ¡~®%ªQ ¢šÖ¤¥ ¢ °˜-~ °¯¢š~¦­¡~± °¡~~«Z¬µœJ °¡~ °˜8š

žJ¦º¤¥ °¡o¡~Ÿš~œ³¦

É

¾

É £ l "!‹Q£

&('

"=¬Z ¢·­¡~ ¢ °^£

¤ ¦ "!‹QÂ

ï¥ð¥ñmÁGQj 6-ï^|–TQRN`#6ï^~_TQnVBçUVEHGZÛ=RÙ@CRÙÜ4@COhŠrh%܍nVGJ†*dVENBGNOQINnVBFL

GQRNB]8TQR.UºB8BۅENBd°EHB8ncdVENBINUºB8nVUcTQnVBINRH@PjÖGQnV†ulPwuGQncRNGQRN|~IHRN@Cj™GQnV†ulCw

`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdVB8`–@CR–dVENB']8GZvQB8nVTQOQB'UVBnVvX@C]8B'TQnVB8Trh Ï EHB'd°@ClCd°B`–TJRFdVB8RNRHT@CU

]8TQgNTQSNlCB%GQjnVB8lCB8TQUV@CRNOuTçUºB8nV@CGQINU…ENGQd=TQnVBTçSFw.UVEH@PjÖd°@CRNOudVENB%SrGQINRH`N|

TQnVwìîÖTJlCUVGdVB8nV†uB8`âTQU>UVGQjÖdSrGQINRH`NTQnVwÇòVhuåxd>@PU>TQlCUVGBXg¥B8]8dVTQSNlCB–d°G

gNnVGZvF@P`HB6TãSrB8dVdVB8nSNTQlCTJRH]8B6GQj'UVB8nVvF@P]B8UZLiۅEN@C]^E@CUB8UVg¥B8]8@CTQlPlCwÐ@C†u|

GQjˆSNTQlCTJRH]8B–TJU.ï¥ðÇñ€| ? ï¥ð¥ñ{~ƒh#"%$'&6($&TJRH`*)+$&TQnVB–d°EHBuSrBUVd

grGQ@CRXdVU'@PRdVB8nV†uU…GQjiSNTQlCTJRH]8BGJjiUVBnVvX@C]8B8Uµh

Ü4@POQINnVBŠuTQlPUºGuUVEHGZۅU…dVENB¥<ˆk(™ nVB8UVIHlPdVU'j™GQn…dVENBd°EHnVB8BBFTJ†u|

gHlPBgrGQ@PRFdVUZL6 »ÙL6 ¯ÓTQRN`6($û`NB8Uº]8nV@CSrB8`.TQSrGZvJBFh=„iINnVvQB8UclPTQSrBlPlCB8`

,

„iTQUVBÙ69¯

±

GQ@CRXdZLˆ„iTQUVBÙ69»

±

GQ@CRXd

,

ÛcBnVB–]TJlC]8IHlPTQdVB8`ÿۅ@PdVE

dV@ClPdVB8`TQRHOJlCBb@?ê{'`NBOQnVB8Bqj™GQn(6ï^~oTJRH`C6-ï|ŽL8nVBUVgrB8]d°@CvQB8lCwXh Ï EHB8UVB

nVBUVINlCdVUiUVENGZÛêdVENB8nVBcTQnVBcOQnVB8TQd`H@Pè¥B8nVB8RH]8BcGQj¿<ˆk(™grBnVj™GQnV†uTQRN]8BcjÖGQn

dVENBçUºB8]8dVGQn

Ž

TJRH`#_SrB8]TJIHUVBçGQjcRNGQRN|~IHRN@Cj™GQnV†*INUºB8n%`N@CUVdVnV@CSNINdV@CGJRih

Ï ENB.UVBnVvX@C]8B.SNTQlPTQRH]8BÙî™UºTJ†uBuðÇïñÔTQRN`µ6(->ñò=]8TQRÿSrB.TJ]EN@CB8vQB8`

SFwâUVEH@PjÖd°@CRNOÙdVENB‘UºGJjÖdSrGQIHRN`NTQnVwâIHUV@CRNOÙ`NwFRNTQ†u@P]pd°@CdVlPB8`/TJRFdVB8RNRHT

UºENGZۅRãTQU‚d°EHBGJgHd°@C†u@C[8TQd°@CGQRãgrGQ@CRXd6.$h_åxd°U6(->ñ grBnVj™GQnV†uTQRN]8B

]8TQRâSrBuUºB8B8RâSXwãdVENB–]8IHnVvJB–lCTJSrBlPlCB8` , „iTJUºBÓI6($ ± GQ@PRFd , huåxd@PU

dVnVINBpd°EHTQddVENBpdV@PlCdVB8`TQRFd°BRNRNTÙTQnVnVTZwÿ]8TQR/gNnVGZvF@P`HB‘dVENB‘†uBnV@PdçGQj

dVnVTQíu].SHTJlCTQRN]8B6TQRN`ÿTQlCUVGÓTQ]^EH@PBvJB6dVENB.GQgNdV@C†u@P[TJdV@CGJRêGQjïrðÇñ&SXw

TQINdVGQ†uTQd°@C]8TQlClPwÓdV@PlCdV@PRHOpdVENBçTQRXdVB8RHRNTpTQRN`Ð@P†ugNlCB8†uBRXdV@CRNOpdVENBçUºGJjÖd

SrGQINRH`NTQnVw–TQ†uGQRNO]B8lClPUµLA]GJnVnVBUVgrGQRN`H@PRHOdVGdVENB‚vZTQnV@CTJdV@CGJRpGJj!dVnVTQj™|

GH]Xh

ÜHGQncdVEHBjÖGQnVÛcTJnº`.lC@CRNWÇLAdVENB_UV@CdVINTQd°@CGQR6@CUcUºGJ†uBÛ=EHTQdc`N@CèrB8nVBRXdZL

SrB]8TQINUVBcdVEHBcnVB8j™BnVB8RN]BcdVTJnVOQB8di@CUidVENBc†uGQSN@ClCBcINUºB8niۅENG_dVnVTZvJBlPU4TJRFw

TQnVB8T‘@CRãdVENBçUVwFUVdVB8†Óh Ï EHBÛcGQnVUºd_]TJUºBEHTJgHgrB8RNU%ۅENB8RÙdVENBnVBj™B8nV|

B8RH]8BIHUVB8nˆ@PUˆlPGF]8TQd°B`.TQdcdVENBS¥GJIHRN`NTQnVwFhÜ4@POQINnVB_ë-UVENGZۅU‚ï¥ð¥ñmÁˆGQj

nVBj™B8nVBRN]8B%IHUVB8nVU'lPGF]8TQd°B`pTQd…d°EHB%UVGQjÖd=SrGQINRH`NTQnVw6GJjŸ6-ï^|>TQRH`i6ï^~

TQOQTJ@CRNUºdcvZTQnV@PGQINUˆdV@PlCdVB8`6TJRHOQlPB_ۅENB8R6dVENB_d°nVTQRNUº†u@PdVdVB8`6grGZÛcB8nˆnVTJdV@CG

«T|ƒÆ«T~m?%TQRN`GQnVdVENGQOQGQRNTQlj™TQ]8dVGQn9šT›?ì{¹zrhcÒ_UUºENGZۅR@CRdVENB

gHlPGQdVUZLo@Pd>@PU>@C†ugrGQUVUV@CSNlCB–d°G—GNRN`âdVENB–UVTQ†uBï¥ð¥ñmÁJLÇSrB]8TQINUVB–dVENB8nVB

TQnVB‚RNGç@PRFdVB8nVUVB]8dV@PGQR‘grGQ@CRXdVU=SrB8dxÛcBB8RÙï¥ðÇñ€|TQRN`Ùï¥ðÇñ€~ƒh Ï EN@CU=@P†u|

gHlP@CB8UˆdVENTQdZLAGQRN]8B_TQOQTQ@PRiLAdVENB_SHTJlCTQRN]8@CRNOnV@C`NOQB_@CRãï¥ðÇñ€|%TQRN`ÙïrðÇñ{~

]8TQRHRNGQd>S¥B.GQSNdVTJ@CRNB`LTQU-lCGJRHOÓTJUGJRHlPwÐdVENB.dV@ClPdVB8`êTQRNOQlPB6]8GQRXdVnVGQl

GQdVENB8n'd°EHTJRB8lCUVB@PU'@CRXvQGQlPvQB8`ۅ@Cd°EkGNRH`N@CRNOuTuUVGQlCINdV@CGJRih

sGZÛ ÛcBTQnVBOJGQ@CRNOÿd°Gÿd°nVBTJd.d°EHBgNnVGQSNlCB8† @PRØUºIN]EìTÿÛcTZw

dVENTQdçdVENB‘grGZÛcBnçnVTQd°@CGÙTQnVnVTQRNOQB8†uB8RFdçTJRH`dVENBpd°@ClCd°B`TQRNOQlCB‘]8GQRN|

dVnVGQlqTQnVB–]8GQ†-SH@PRNB`âdVG@CRXvQB8Uºd°@COQTQd°B.d°EHGJUºB–B8èrB8]d°U>dVGd°EHB–UVwFUVdVB8†Óh

Ü4@COQINnVB%ëuTQlPUºGuUVENGZۅU…dVENBnVB8lCTJdV@CGJRHUVEH@PgSrB8dxÛcB8BRÐï¥ðÇñÚTQRN`pdVnVTQRNUV|

†u@Cd°dVB8`âgrGZÛcB8nnVTQdV@PGۅENB8Rk? {rh Ï EHB8nVBuTQnVBuTQlP†uGQUVddVENBuUºTJ†uB

dVENnVBBunV@C`NOQB–grGQ@CRXdVU>GJjˆdVENB–SHTJlCTQRN]8B–@CRØï¥ð¥ñ>LÇۅEH@P]EâTJnºBu†uTQnVWQB8`

ۅ@Cd°E0/$@CRdVENBIGHOQINnVBXL4ۅEHB8R«T|ƒÆ«T~@CUçTQnVGJIHRN` QhzÙ`¿<>h!s_GQd°B

dVENTQd'lCGZÛcB8n@«T|ƒÆ«T~…Û…@ClPl!S¥BSrB8RHBGN]@PTQl!dVG–d°EHGJUºBINUºB8nVU'TQnVGQINRH`dVENB

UºGJjÖdqSrGQINRH`NTQnVw@PR–UºB8]8dVGQnbLJTQRN`–EH@POQENBnb«T|ƒÆ«T~qSrB8RNBgGNdVUqdVEHB…IHUVB8nVU

TQnVGQINRN`dVENBUVGQj™d…SrGQINRH`NTQnVw6@PRUVB]8dVGJn

Ž h

³‘Ä • ÉrÅÌAùÎË ô ÍÎɍŠô

Ò_]8]8GQnV`H@PRHOêdVGêdVENBãRFIN†uBnV@P]TJl‚nVB8UVIHlPdVUZL=@Cd6@CU‘éFIN@Cd°BãB8è¥B8]8dV@PvQBãjÖGQn

IHUVB8n=]8GQRNOQB8UVdV@CGJRpnVB8lP@CB8jVhkmUVg¥B8]8@CTJlClCwXLX@Pd=@PU=UºIN@Cd°TQSNlCB‚j™GQn=d°EHB‚nVB8vQB8nVUVB

lC@PRHWç@CR–Û…EH@P]E.d°EHB'IHUVB8nc]8GQRNOQB8UVdV@CGQR–gHnVGQSNlCB8†&@CUcd°nVBTQd°B`–Û…@CdVE.vZTJnV|

@CGQINU‚IHUVB8n‚`H@PUºd°nV@CSNIHd°@CGQRNU%d°G‘TQ`N`HnVB8UVU%dVENBSHTJlCTQRN]8BçGQjqUVBnVvX@C]8BUZh_åxR

dVEN@CU‚gNTQgrBnZLÛcBTQlCUVG‘UVB8BdVENBTQgHgNnVGQTJ]EãSFwdV@PlCdVB8`ãTQRFd°BRNRNT‘TQnVnVTZw

†uTZwãSrBu]GJ†-SH@PRHB8`âۅ@PdVEÐdVENB–grGZÛcB8n>nVTJdV@CGTJlClCGX]8TQdV@CGJRâ]8GQRFd°nºGJlqdVG

GQgNdV@C†u@P[B%gHnVGJSHlPB†uU…jÖGJn'@P†ugHlPB†uB8RXdV@CRNOuUºB8nVvF@P]8BSNTQlCTJRH]8BXh

1324526728:9;2<

j

p>='¸=¸?œ²>£='¸='¸F ¢ ƒ£…¸@X¸?œ³²ìŸ˜Z¬A?¸R ¸B‘›ZŸ˜Z·A£3CR ŸžZŸ¯°œšÖ®Ÿ­˜ZŸ´³®8§œ

¦¨Ž²=Ÿ¯°¡~¦ED§²=œ¯°¡~¦¯¢ °´´ R =F+GÓ¤oœ³š~›_žJ¦º¤¥ ¢¡o¡~Ÿ­š~œ¦=¯¢¦˜š~¡~¦´XŸ˜Z¬_š~œ³´š~ °¬_Ÿ˜Z»

š~ ¢˜µ˜ZŸIHQ£º—JKL¹N¡~Ÿ˜Z^¸V¦­˜NMH °›Zœ¯°«Z´Ÿ­¡H¹N ¢¯‰›Z˜µ¦´¦­·®ƒ£OMH¦­´Ö¸qIPQ£OQi¦Q¸

£ºžZžN¸h q»

q cA£;@8Ÿ˜N¸c "!" "

jc p>@A¸RZ¸B-«N£!@A¸?¸R ›«Z˜Z·%Ÿ˜Z¬ R ¸R ¸B- °˜N£SCTi¦š~»C§žJ¦šmš~¡~Ÿ¶=¯…¡~ ¢´³œ °¨Ç¤oœ³š~›Ÿ

š~œ´³š~ ¢¬çŸ­˜8š~ °˜Z˜ZŸ%œ˜ R =F+G¯¢ °´´³«Z´Ÿ­¡m˜Z ¢šÖ¤¥¦¡U UHQ£X—JKL㹎¡~Ÿ­˜Z^¸Q¦­˜(M ¢»

›Zœ¯°«Z´³Ÿ¡o¹Ž °¯‰›Z˜Z¦­´¦­·®ƒ£;M¦´Î¸qEV­£Q¦Q¸

£8žZžN¸

»WPQ£Xµ °ªN¸

PIP;Y

jh p>?¸¹ŽŸ;  °¦Q£RZ¸RVŸ­šÎ¦4Ÿ˜Z¬ZG…¸r·Ÿº¤¥ŸQ£C[ržZš~œ²m«Z²Ù¯¢ °´´ƒªJ¦­«Z˜Z¬ZŸ¡~®q¨©¦¡N«ZžZ´œ³˜

Ÿ˜Z¬¬Z¦º¤o˜Z´œ³˜ _œ³˜ R =FAGН~®§š~ ¢²NHQ£Z—5r— R p¹Ž¡~Ÿ­˜Z^¸ R ¦²=²m«Z˜Zœ³¯¢Ÿ­š~œ¦˜µ^£

MH¦­´Ö¸KY!h»Wm£Q¦A¸qQ£8žZžN¸Y ª ‹­»WY ª;YQ£GžZ¡~œ³´ƒc " "!"

jq p¹c¸F%Ÿ­šÎ§«Z¬ZŸQ£\RZ¸Ÿ¡§ŸØŸ­˜Z¬]Q…¸F¦¡~œ³˜ZŸ·ŸA£ CTXJ ¢Ÿ­~œªZœ³´œ³šÖ®^RVš~«Z¬Z®×¦­˜

=3RV»

R

=FAG_D§¹`=FAGaXµ¡~ cb8«µ ¢˜Z¯°®dRº›ZŸ¡~œ˜Z·eRV®~š~ °²fHA£hg¡~¦¯ƒ¸ç—JLK

i ´³¦ªQ ¢¯°¦²=²+jPEV£8žZžN¸PEV•q»WPEV[PQ£Q¦º±F¸

PIPV

Références

Documents relatifs

In this section, we develop a new result on stabilization by using the Potential Feedback Controller (PFC) first proposed in [8], in order to take into account an un- known

Note that while adjacency selection and flooding relay determination are narrowly related mechanisms, this relationship differs depending on the configuration, as

MPR Adjacency selection offers a less drastic reduction in the number of ad- jacencies, but the provided set of adjacencies are assured to contain the shortest paths, network-wide,

In this article, we introduce a fully distributed and dynamic traffic offloading framework, in which SCBSs seamlessly steer their traffic between cellular and WiFi RATs, depending

Interestingly, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium can be proven in multiple access channels with multi-antenna terminals for a general propagation channel

Expected sum-utility against the proportion of ad- vanced nodes for an ad hoc network of 50 nodes with 4 − node interactions; by ”advanced” it is meant that the nodes imple- ment

A. Impact of Number of BS Antennas and Picocell BS Density In this subsection, we examine the effect of the number of antennas at each BS and the density of picocell BSs on the

Actually, what we have observed is that during the night, unconnected aircrafts can be found everywhere in the area we consider, because the aircraft density is not high enough