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Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in New Organic Conductors (ET)8[ Hg4Cl12(C6H5Cl)2] and (ET)8[ Hg4Cl12(C6H5Br)2]

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Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in New Organic Conductors (ET)8[ Hg4Cl12(C6H5Cl)2] and (ET)8[

Hg4Cl12(C6H5Br)2]

R. Lyubovskii, S. Pesotskii, A. Gilevski, R. Lyubovskaya

To cite this version:

R. Lyubovskii, S. Pesotskii, A. Gilevski, R. Lyubovskaya. Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in New Or-

ganic Conductors (ET)8[ Hg4Cl12(C6H5Cl)2] and (ET)8[ Hg4Cl12(C6H5Br)2]. Journal de Physique

I, EDP Sciences, 1996, 6 (12), pp.1809-1818. �10.1051/jp1:1996189�. �jpa-00247282�

(2)

J.

Phys.

I France 6

(1996)

1809-1818 DECEMBER1996, PAGE 1809

Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in New Organic Conductors

(ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2j and (ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)2j

R-B-

Lyubovskii

(~~~~*), S-I- Pesotskii

(~,~),

A. Gilevski

(~) and

R-N-

Lyubovskaya (~)

(~) Institute of Chemical

Physics

at

Chernogolovka RAS, Chernogolovka,

Moscow region, 142432 Russia

(~) International Laboratory of

High Magnetic

Fields and Low Temperatures, 53-529 Wroclaw, Poland

(Received

5

April

1996,

accepted

ii

June1996)

/

PACS.74.70.Kn,

Organic superconductors

PACS.72.15.Gd

Galvanomagnetic

and other magnetotransport effects

Abstract. Trie results of trie

investigations

of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in trie quasi- two-dimensional

organic complexes (ET)s [Hg4C1i2 [C6HSX)2],

where X = Cl, Br in trie

magnetic

fields up to 40 T

were reported. These results allow

one to obtain some information about Fermi surface in trie mentioned

complexes.

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in trie

compound

with X

= Cl

correspond

at least to two different

cyhndrical

sheets of Fermi surface with trie cross-section in

(bc)-plane

of13% and 20% Brillouin zone cross-section. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations m trie complex »ith X = Br

correspond

to one

cy.hndrical

sheet ~vith trie cross- section in

(bc)-plane

of13% of Brillouin zone cross-section. Trie

experimental

results for trie

complex

~vith X

= Br more agree with the theoretical calculations of Fermi surface than for trie

complex

~vith X

= Cl

Introduction

In trie fate 80ies the

family

of

quasi-tn<-dimeiisional

organic

superconductors

based on bis-

(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET)

~N.as filled up

by

two new

superconductors

with

poly-

merized halomercurate orrions,

namely (ET)4Hg2_78C18

and

(ET)4Hg2 898r8

with

Tc

= 1.8 K

and 4.3 h.

respectively il, ii.

Trie work n~ith trie anions of this type seemed to be promising due to trie unusual

properties

of trie

superconductors.

In

particular,

a record value of trie

derivative of trie Upper critical field

dHc2/dT

m~ 10

T/K along

trie

conducting

sheets

regis-

tered in

(ET)4Hg2 sgBr8

at a

relatively

low critical

temperature,

leads to a record excess of

a

paramagnetic

bruit in organic

superconductors

[3].

Besides,

an unusual

growth

of critical

temperature

n>ith an externat pressure noncharacteristic of normal

superconductors

was ob- served in this

compound

at a pressure up to 3-5 kbar [4]. Trie electron structure of these

compounds

was of

importance,

however its detailed

investigation

with

using

a

magnetic

field

was restricted

by

an internai random

potential

inherent in these

compounds,

which results in

trie value ~dT « 1 in trie total range of

really existing

fields. Such a

potential

is a result of that

(*)

Author for

correspondence le-mail: rustem©icp.ac.ru)

©

Les

Éditions

de Physique 1996

(3)

Hg

atoms form their own sublattice in

(ET)4Hg2

78C18 and

(ET)4Hg2.898r8 single crystals

which is incommensurate with trie lattice of trie basic matrix

[5].

Therefore it is

quite

rea-

sonable to

synthesize

trie conductors with halomercurate aurons without a random

potential.

This

opportunity

was realized in trie

synthesis

of a

family

of isostructural

organic

conductors

(ET)8(Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)21 II), (ET)8(Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)2] (II), (ET)8(Hg4Br12(C6H5Cl)21 (III)

and

(ET)8(Hg4Br12(C6H5Br)2] (IV)

[6]. Trie

crystal

lattices are

regular

in these salts ~N.hich

are metals at room temperatures

I?i.

However III and IV become dielectrics below 90 K and 160

K, respectively.

Il is characterized

by

a weak

growth

of trie resistance below 10 K and

only

I

keeps

a metallic behaviour down to 1.4 Ii [8].

Trie

magnetoresistance

of trie salt I denoted below as

(Cl, Cl)

and that of trie salt II, denoted below as

(Cl, Br)

was studied in this work. We

reported

earlier about trie observation of

Shubnikov-de Haas

(SdH)

oscillations in these

complexes [9, loi.

Trie present work exhibits

more detailed

investigations

of SdH oscillations and first of all trie detailed

comparative analysis

of SdH oscillations in trie

compounds (Cl, Cl)

and

(Cl, Br)

and their Fermi surfaces

(FS).

Experimental

The

objects

under

study

were trie

samples

of

(ET)8(Hg4Ch2(C6H5Cl)21 single crystals

which appear as

irregular parallelepipeds

with I.o x I.o x o-1

mm3

characteristic sizes. Trie total

X-ray analysis

of this

compound

made at room

temperature

is described in

[îj. (Cl, Cl) single crystals

bave a

layered

structure

analogous

with that of trie other ET-based conductors. ET

loyers

are located in

(bc) plane.

All ET molecules are

parallel

to each other in trie

layer

that

is characteristic of

p-type packing.

ET

layers

alternate

along

a* direction and are

separated by polymerized [Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)~~]

anions. Trie unit cell is triclinic with Z

= 1 and contains 8 ET molecules per cell.

(Cl, Br) complex

is isostructural to

(Cl, Cl)

one. Trie

conductivity

of both salts in

(bc) plane,

i e. in trie

plane

of ET

loyers

constitutes s

= 10

S/cm

and that

between trie

loyers,

1.e.

along

a* direction, is 3-4 orders lower. Trie

temperature dependence

of trie resistance for

(Cl, Cl) complex

is metal-like without any

peculiarities

within 1.4-300 K at trie

measuring

current I j

(bc).

At trie same direction of trie current a weak

growth

of trie

resistance was observed below 10 K in

(Cl, Br) complex

[8].

Magnetoresistance

measurements were carried ont

by

using a standard

four-probe technique

at an

alternating

current of 330 Hz. Both a

longitudinal

resistance at I j

(bc)

and a transverse

one at I j a* were measured. For

measuring

a

magnetoresistance

a

magnetic

field up to 15 T

was

generated by

a

superconducting

solenoid and that up

to_40

T was

generated by

a

pulse

solenoid.

Only

in trie case of a

superconducting

solenoid one could rotate a

sample

varying its

orientation in a

magnetic

field. SdH oscillations of trie resistance found in these measurements were

analyzed by using

a standard method of fast Fourier transform

(FFT).

Results

Figure

1 shows trie field

dependence

of

magnetoresistance

for

(Cl, Cl) single crystals

at field direction

perpendicular

to

(bc) plane

and at current direction

along

this

plane.

SdH oscillations

are observed even at î-8 T and appear as almost an ideal sinusoid with 250 T

frequency.

FFT

of this curve

(see

insert A in

Fig. 1)

confirms this fact

demonstrating

a very weak contribution

of trie second harmonic. However at trie same field and current directions trie contribution of SdH oscillations with

higher frequencies

grows

quickly

in trie fields

higher

than 15 T

(pulse

fields up to 40

T) (see

insert B in

Fig. 1).

Trie presence of SdH oscillations with other

frequencies

can be also observed in trie fields

up to 15 T but in trie conditions distinct from those

presented

in

Figure

1.

Figure

2

displays

SdH

(4)

N°12 OSCILLATIONS IN NEW ORGANIC ET-SALTS 1811

6.5

6.0

5.5

B

£

5.0 T

JZ

O

ç/

4,5

A

~

4.0

t

(

3.5

~

3.0

1o i

,

T

Fig.

l. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations m trie

single crystal

of

(ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2]1

H

jj a*,

trie current I is

parallel

to trie bc

plane

and T

= 1.45 K. Insert A:

amplitude

of fast Fourier transform for the oscillations

presented

in

Figure

1. Insert B: Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in a

puise field;

H

jj a*, the current is

parallel

to the bc

plane

and T

= 1.45 K.

oscillations at current direction I

jj a* and at ç2 = 25°

,

where ç2 is trie

angle

between trie field direction and trie direction a*

(~

= o at H

jj

a*).

FFT

represented

in trie insert to

Figure

2 indicates that trie curve shown in trie

Figure

is a

superposition

of SdH oscillations of at least rive

frequencies.

Figure

3 shows SdH oscillations in

(Cl, Br) single crystal

at trie direction of trie measuring current I j a* and at H j a*. These oscillations

together

with their Fourier

spectrum (see

trie insert to

Fig. 3)

are similar to those observed for

(Cl, Cl) samples

at trie same field direction.

Moreover,

trie

frequency

of SdH oscillations

(F

= 235

T)

in

(Cl, Br)

is close to that of trie oscillations found in

(Cl, Cl)

at H

jj a* and I j

(bc). However,

in contrast to

(Cl, Cl)

FFT

yields only

one

frequency

of SdH oscillations in

(Cl, Br) crystals

at ail orientations of a

magnetic

field

(trie

contributions of trie other

frequencies

or

higher

harmonics are rather

small).

Trie

angular dependence

of SdH

frequency

was studied

quite

in detail in a wide range of trie

angles

ç2 = +70°. Trie results of trie measurements are shown in

Figure

4 in

polar

coordinates for

(Cl, Cl) samples

and in

Figure

3

(see

insert

B)

for

(Cl, Br)

ones. Trie

following peculiarities

of these measurements should be noted:

1)

SdH oscillations are characterized in

(Cl, Br) by

trie

only frequency,

whose

angular dependency

appears as a

straight

line

perpendicular

to

a*;

2)

in

(Cl,

Cl SdH oscillations are characterized

by

six

frequencies

whose

angular dependence

are also more or less

correctly

described

by straight

hnes

perpendicular

to

a*; 3)

at H j a*

trie values of these

frequencies

constitute

Fi

" 150

T, F2

" 250

T, F3

" 400

T, F4

" 500

T,

(5)

0.2

O.1

~

O.O

(

-0.1

~

d e

~'

(

fÎÎ

-0.2 ~

Î

S

-0.3

H,

-0.4

O.lO 0. 0.12 0.13

/H, /T

Fig.

2. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the

single crystal

of

(ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2]

after a subtraction of the

regular

part where ~J

=

25°,

trie current is I

jj a* and T

= 1.45 K. Insert:

amplitude of trie fast Fourier transform for the oscillations presented in

Figure

2.

F5

" 650 T and

F6

" 910 T,

respectively (this

is trie result of trie

interpolation

of trie hnear

dependencies

in

Fig.

4 on trie field direction H j a*

); 4)

trie contribution of oscillations of each

frequency

to trie

resulting

oscillation curve

essentially depends

on ç2 and current direction in

(Cl, Cl).

At I j

(bc)

trie oscillations with

F2 frequency

dominate

significantly

at almost all

angles

ç2. Trie contribution of SdH oscillations with other

frequencies

is not

large,

moreover trie oscillations with

Fi

and

F6 frequencies

were not observed at any

angle

ç2. At I j a* SdH oscillations with

F2 frequency

dominate as well. However for most ç2

values, especially

if

they

are not close to ç2 =

o°,

trie contribution of oscillations with other

frequencies

is

significant

and even

compatible

with that of trie main

frequency F2 (see

trie insert in

Fig. 2).

Trie fact that under certain conditions trie contribution of SdH oscillations in

(Cl. Cl)

is made

only by

trie main

frequency F2,

enables trie evaluation of

cyclotron

mass of trie carriers

associated with trie oscillations of this

frequency.

Trie insert in

Figure

5 shows trie temperature

dependence

of

logarithm

of trie reduced

amplitude

of SdH oscillations at I j

(bc)

and ç2

= o°.

Trie

dependence

is well

approximated by

a

straight

hne within trie

experimental

error. Thus

one can use a standard

relationship

for trie evaluation of a

cyclotron

mass:

In(À/T)

= const

2~~ckBm*(T TD)lehH Il)

where A is an oscillation

amplitude,

m* is a

cyclotron

mass, TD is

Dingle temperature.

Trie evaluation

yields

m*

= 1.35 mû

(6)

N°12 OSCILLATIONS IN NEW ORGANIC ET-SALTS 1813

11

~ B

Î

1

HJn.

0f

A

E

W

OE E

<

t~

H,T

4 14 16

H, T

Fig.

3. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in trie

single

crystal

(ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)2]

with trie

field orientation H

ii a* and temperature T

= 1.45 K. Insert A: FFT for trie oscillations

displayed

in the

figure,

msert B:

angular dependence

of the frequency of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in

polar

coordinates.

The insert in

Figure

6 shows that trie

application

of trie

relationship Il)

to SdH oscillations in

(Cl, Br) complex

is

quite

correct. Trie evaluation of a

cyclotron

mass in this

compound yields

m*

= 1.25 which is close to trie

analogous

one in

(Cl, Cl).

Figures

5 and 6 exhibit trie

angular dependences

of trie

amplitudes

of SdH oscillations of trie main

frequency F2

in

(Cl, Cl)

at I

jj

(bc)

and those of trie

frequency

F in

(Cl, Br)

at I

jj

a*, respectively.

Trie

amplitudes

of oscillations bave a maximum in both

compounds

which does trot coincide with trie direction H j a*. Trie

amplitude

becomes almost

equal

to zero in each

compound

at ç2 > +60°. Besides trie intermediate minima ii which trie

amplitude

is close to

zero, are

quite

of

importance.

These minima appear at trie

angles

ç2 = +28° for

(Cl, Cl)

and

at ç2 = +35° for

[Cl, Br).

Discussion

The

analysis

of

X-ray

data I?i enabled one to calculate a zone structure of

(Cl, Cl)

salt

[11].

Its unit cell contains 8 donor ET

molecules,

therefore trie interaction between 8

highest

oc-

cupied

molecular orbitals

(HOMO)

results in trie formation of 8 energy zones.

According

to a stoichiometric formula each ET molecule bas 1.5 electron in trie unit cell and therefore 12 electrons are to be

populated

at 8 energy levels. Trie system under

study

may be either a two-dimensional semiconductor or a two-dimensional metal

depending

on trie

degree

of trie

(7)

Hia* j

§

+

5°° T 250

T

Hla*

Fig.

4.

Anglular dependence

of trie

frequencies

of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in

(ET)8 [Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2]

m

polar

coordinates.

overlapping

or trie

availability

of trie energy gap between trie 6th zone and trie 7th one. Trie calculations [11] showed that there is a small

overlapping

between these zones which defines their

partial occupation by

electrons and

consequently

a metallic behaviour of

conductivity

of this salt down to helium

temperatures.

Trie calculated Fermi surface

(FS)

was found to consist of two

cylinders

whose axes are

parallel

to a*. Trie cross-section of these

cylinders

in bc

plane

is shown in

Figure

7. Trie calculations

yielded

trie

rigorously equal

values for trie areas of trie sections for these

cylinders

which constitute

13%

of trie area of a

corresponding

section of trie first Brillouin zone. However trie

cylinder

A is associated with electrons as carriers and trie

cylinder

B is associated with holes. It is stated in

[11]

that these closed FS

appeared

as a result of trie

hybridization

of two hidden one-dimensional FS. One could

expect

quantum oscillations

only

with trie

frequency

of about 250 T at H j a* from FS of such a

shape (not considering

trie

possible

contribution of trie harmonics and

magnetic

breakdown

orbits).

These calculations are

qualitatively

and

quantitatively

in

agreement

with trie

experimental

data on SdH oscillations in

(Cl, Br).

Trie

angular dependence

of trie

frequency

of SdH oscil- lations

apparently

enables trie

imagination

of FS in this

compound

as one

cylinder (or

several

cylinders

with

equal

areas of

cross-sections)

with trie axis directed

along

trie direction a*. At H j a* trie

frequency

of SdH oscillations is 235 T that is close to trie calculated value.

A

significantly

more

comphcated

case is for

(Cl, Cl) compound

for which trie calculation of FS

was made

il ii.

Trie

study

of SdH oscillations at various field and

measuring

current orientations revealed trie existence of oscillations with six different

frequencies.

All these

frequencies

bave trie

dependences

on trie

angle corresponding

to trie

cylindrical

sheets of FS

(see Fig. 4).

However

only

a part of them

corresponds

to

really existing

closed orbits. It

obviously

follows from trie

fact that trie sum of all

frequencies

is more than trie

frequency corresponding

to

loo%

of trie first Brillouin zone. One can see that all

frequencies

are a hnear combination of two

frequencies Fi

and

F21 F3

"

Fi

+

F2, F4

"

2F2, F5

"

Fi

+

2F2

and

F6

"

Fi

+

3F2. Figure

4 demonstrates

that trie

frequency Fi

is observed in a very narrow range of trie

angles,

at trie same time

(8)

N°12 OSCILLATIONS IN NEW ORGANIC ET-SALTS 1815

200

f~

ÎÎ

il, K

o -ioo

~tJo

Fig.

5.

Angular dependence

of the

amplitude

of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at the fundamental frequency F2 m

JET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2]

single

crystal

when current is

parallel

to the bc

plane

and T

= 1.45 K. Insert: temperature

dependence

of the reduced

amplitude

of Shubnikov-de Haas

oscillations at the basic

frequency

F2.

trie

frequency F3

appears at FFT

significantly

more

frequently.

Therefore we suppose that trie

frequencies F2

and

F3 correspond

to trie real closed orbits. Trie

frequency F4

is most

probably

trie second harmonic of

F2.

Trie other

frequencies

are

probably

so called combined

frequencies: Fi

=

F3 F~, F5

=

F3

+

F~, F6

=

F3

+

2F2,

which can arise for

example

due to a

magnetic

interaction

[12].

It also cannot be excluded that trie

frequency F5

is associated

with the

magnetic

breakdown orbit. Thus SdH oscillations show trie existence of at least two different

cylindrical

FS sheets in trie

complex (Cl, Cl)

which have the cross-section in bc

plane equal

to

13%

and

20%

of trie first Brillouin zone cross-section and

correspond

to trie

frequencies F2

and

F3.

However a more detailed

investigation

will be

enough

to confirm this fact.

Trie

following problem

is not also

quite

clear: how many

cylindric

sheets of FS which possess trie

equal

areas of

cross-sections,

are

responsible

for trie oscillations with trie main

frequency F2

in

(Cl, Cl)

and for trie oscillations with trie

frequency

F in

(Cl, Br). According

to trie theoretical calculations of FS for

(Cl, Cl) [11]

one can expect that two

Fermi-cylinders

with trie

equal

areas of cross-sections in every

compound contril~ute

to trie oscillations with these

frequencies.

In this case trie

relationship (1)

for trie

temperature dependence

of trie

amplitude

of SdH oscillations is valid

only providing

that both in

(Cl, Cl)

and

(Cl, Br) Fermi-cylinders

~&.ith

equal

areas are associated with the carriers which bave

equal cyclotron

masses. It is seen from the inserts in

Figures

5 and 6 that the

relationship (1)

holds

quite

well for both

complexes.

Therefore the conclusion may be drawn that either the contribution to SdH oscillations with

(9)

80

/~

é

~

60

Jà à

~

K

m a lJ1

o

ù20

E

-i

angle (~£J°)

Fig.

6.

Angular dependence

of the

amplitude

of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations m

(ET)8 [Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)2]

at the T = 1.45 K. Insert: temperature

dependence

of the reduced

amplitude

of the oscillations with the field orientation H

jj a*.

/~S/~fi~~

z

a

~~li~/S~~

Fig.

î. The cross-section of Fermi surface m the bc plane m

(ET)8[Hg4C1i2(C6H5Cl)2]

at room

temperature

Ill].

(10)

N°12 OSCILLATIONS IN NEW ORGANIC ET-SALTS 1817

the

frequency F2

in

(Cl, Cl)

and the

frequency

F in

(Cl, Br)

is made

by only

one

corresponding Fermi-cyhnder

in each

complex,

or such a contribution is realized

by

several

cylinders

which

are characterized

by equal

areas of cross-sections and

equal cyclotron

masses of the carriers.

This is confirmed

by

trie

angular dependences

of trie

amplitudes

of SdH oscillations with trie

frequency F2

in

(Cl, Cl)

and trie

frequency

F in

(Cl, Br) represented

in

Figures

5 and

6, respectively.

Both

dependences

are

quite

similar

qualitatively. They

both are characterized

by

incoincidence of trie maximum of trie

amplitude

with trie direction of trie field H

jj a*.

This incoincidence is associated

probably

with a low

symmetry

of

crystal

lattice of trie

samples

studied. Both

dependences

demonstrate trie intermediate minima of trie

amplitude

which trie most

probably

arise because of a

spin splitting

of Landau levels.

Keeping

this

splitting

in mind one can introduce a

lowering multiplier

in trie expression for trie

amplitude

of SdH oscillations [12]

cos(~gpm* /2mo)

where p is harmonic's number and g is

g-factor.

It is reduced to zero

providing

that

gpm* /mo

# 2n + 1

where n is an

integer. Considering

that a

cyclotron

mass

depends

on ç2 as trie area

enveloped by

trie

corresponding orbit,

1.e.

m*(ç2)

=

m*(o)/

cosç2 and

taking

into account

m*(o)

=

1.35mo

obtained earlier for

(Cl, Cl)

and

m*(o)

=

1.25mo

for

(Cl, Br),

one obtains that at g = 2 trie

amplitudes

of trie first harmonics of SdH oscillations with

F2

and F

frequencies

vanish at

n = 1 and ç2

= +28° and ç2 = +34°

respectively,

that agrees well with trie

experimental

results obtained for both

complexes (see Figs.

5 and

6).

It is obvious that trie

superposition

of SdH oscillations with

equal frequencies

but different

cyclotron

masses could

hardly

enable one to observe such very well resolved

pictures

of

"spin

zeros" which were found in

(Cl, Cl)

and

(Cl, Br).

Conclusion

The

study

of trie behaviour of SdH oscillations in trie isostructural

organic

conductors

ETB [Hg4Ch2(C6H5Cl)21

and

ETB(Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)21 permitted

one to obtain trie

preliminary

vi- sualization on FS in these

compounds.

In

ETB(Hg4C1i2(C6H5Br)21

it consists of one or several

cylindrical

sheets with trie axes directed

along

a* and trie

equal

areas of cross-sections constitut- mg

approximately

13To of trie area of trie

corresponding

cross-section of trie first Brillouin zone in

(bc) plane.

In

ETB(Hg4Ch2(C6H5

Cl)2] FS trie most

probably

contains at least two

cylindri-

cal sheets with different areas of cross-sections

constituting approximately 13%

and

20%

of trie

area of trie cross-section of trie first Brillouin zone in

(bc) plane.

For

ETB(Hg4Cl12 (C6H5Br)21

trie data obtained are in a

qualitative

and

quantitative agreement

with trie theoretical calcu- lations of FS whereas trie results obtained for

ETB(Hg4Ch2(C6H5Cl)21

are

only partially

in

agreement

with these calculations.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their

gratitude

to V.I. Nizhankovskii for bis

help

in trie

experiment,

to A.E. Kovalev and M.V. Kartsovnik for trie

help

in trie treatment of trie

experimental

data and fruitful

discussion,

to Ya.

Klyamut

and E-B-

Yagubskii

for trie

support

of this work. Trie work

is

supported by

trie Russian Foundation of Fundamental

Investigations (93-02-2384),

INTAS

(93-2400)

and TSF

(JB 3100).

(11)

References

iii Lyubovskaya R-N-, Lyubovskii R-B-,

Shibaeva

R-P-,

Aldoshina

M.Z., Goldenberg L.M.,

Khidekel'Mi. and

Shul'pyakov Yu.F.,

JETA Lett. 42

(1985)

468.

[2]

Lyubovskaya R.N., Zhylaeva E.I., Zvarykina A.V.,

Laukhin

V.N., Lyubovskii

R-B- and Pesotskii

S-I-,

JETA Lett. 45

(1987)

530.

[3]

Lyubovskaya R-N-, Lyubovskii R-B-,

Makova M.K. and Pesotskii

S-I-,

JETA Lett. 51

(1990)

361.

[4]

Lyubovskaya R-N-, Lyubovskii R-B-,

Makova M.K. and Pesotskii

S-I-,

Proc. III

Europ.

Conf. on Low Dimen. Cond. and

Supercon. (Zagreb, Sept. 3-8, 1989)

Fizika

(Yugosiama)

21

(1989)

7; Schirber

J-E-, Overmayer Dl.,

Venturini

El., Wang H-H-,

Carlson

K-D-,

Kwok

W.K.,Kleinjan

S. and Williams

J-M-, Physica

C161

(1989)

412.

[5j

Lyubovskaya R-N-, Zhylaeva E-I-,

Pesotskii

S-I-, Lyubovskii R-B-,

Atovmian

L.O., Dy-

achenko O-A- and Takhirov

T.G-,

JETA Lett. 46

(1987)

188.

(6j

Lyubovskaya R.N.,

Afanas'eva

T-V-, Dyachenko O.A-,

Gritsenko

V.V., Lyubovskii

R-B- and Makova

M.K.,

Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR ser. Khim.

(1990)

2872.

(7j

Dyachenko O.A.,

Gritsenko

V.V., Mkoyan Sh.G.,

Shilov G-V- and Atovmian L.O.

Izv.Akad. Nauk SSSR ser. Khim.

(1991)

2062.

[8]

Lyubovskaya

R.N.,

Dyachenko

O.A. and

LyubovskiiR. B., Synth.

Met. 55

(1993)

2899.

(9]

Lyubovskii R-B-,

Pesotskii

S-I-,

Gilevskii A. and

Lyubovskaya R.N.,

JETA 80

(1995)

946.

[loi Lyubovskii R-B-,

Pesotskii S-I- and

Lyubovskaya R-N-,

JETA Lett. 62

(1995)

37.

[Il]

Veiros L.F. and Canadell

E.,

J.

Phys.

I France 4

(1994)

939.

(12] Shoenberg D., Magnetic

Oscillations in Metals

(Cambridge University Press, Cambrige,

1984).

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