• Aucun résultat trouvé

Tectonic and microfabric studies along the Penninic Front between Pelvoux and Argentera massifs (Western Alps, France)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Tectonic and microfabric studies along the Penninic Front between Pelvoux and Argentera massifs (Western Alps, France)"

Copied!
298
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Tectonic and microfabric studies along the Penninic Front between Pelvoux and Argentera massifs (Western Alps, France) Ghislain Trullenque. To cite this version: Ghislain Trullenque. Tectonic and microfabric studies along the Penninic Front between Pelvoux and Argentera massifs (Western Alps, France). Tectonics. Universität Basel, 2005. English. �tel-00769805�. HAL Id: tel-00769805 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769805 Submitted on 3 Jan 2013. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5)     

(6) 

(7) 

(8)   

(9) . 

(10) 

(11) 

(12)  #  # ' !" !  !$ " !!

(13) "# %!!!" #"&" $ !"&"! $. ! ## #!  . !.

(14) -H Q·DL MDPDLV IDLW FRPPH WRXW OH PRQGH HW MH QH FRPSWHSDV FRPPHQFHUDXMRXUG·KXL &HUWDLQHVSHUVRQQHVYRLHQWHQFHODXQHPDUTXHG·DUURJDQFH-HOHXUUpSRQGVTXHFHQ·HVW SDVOHFDVELHQORLQGHOj -HQHYDLVGRQFSDVFRPPHQFHUFHPpPRLUHFRPPHFHODVHIDLWKDELWXHOOHPHQWSDUXQH EHOOHFLWDWLRQTXHM·DXUDLVHQWHQGXHTXHOTXHSDUWRXSULVHDXKDVDUGGDQVXQOLYUHTXHMH Q·DXUDLVSDVOXGDQVVRQLQWpJUDOLWp-HQHYDLVSDVQRQSOXVGpGLHUFHPDQXVFULWjXQHRX SOXVLHXUVSHUVRQQHVSURFKHV-·DLFHUWHVPLVWRXVPHVHIIRUWVWRXWHPDSDWLHQFHDLQVLTXH WRXWHPRQDSSOLFDWLRQjODUpGDFWLRQGHVSDJHVTXLYRQWVXLYUHPDLVFRPPHWRXWWUDYDLO GHUHFKHUFKHFHOXLFLVHYHXWLQFRPSOHWSHUIHFWLEOHHWVRXPLVjODFULWLTXH/HVSHUVRQQHV jTXLMHSHQVHHQFHPRPHQWPpULWHQWELHQPLHX[ -H QH YDLV SDV QRQ SOXV ORQJXHPHQW UHPHUFLHU WRXWHV FHOOHV HW FHX[ TXL RQW WUDYDLOOp j PHVFRWpV6WHIDQ%HUQKDUG5HQpH+ROJHU.DUVWHQLOVXIÀWG·DYRLUYXXQHVHXOHIRLV O·HQWKRXVLDVPHTXLYRXVDDQLPpSHQGDQWFHVDQQpHVSRXUFRPSUHQGUHTXHWRXWGLVFRXUV GHUHPHUFLHPHQWHVWVXSHUÁX 6WHIDQ MH SUpIqUH WH UHPHUFLHU GH P·DYRLU GRQQp FRQWUH WRXWH DWWHQWH GH PD SDUW OD SRVVLELOLWpGHÀQLUPHVWURLVSUHPLHUVPRLVGHSULVHGHFRQWDFWDYHFODJpRORJLHGHWHUUDLQ 7XP·DVDFFRUGpWDFRQÀDQFHPDOJUpXQGpEXWTXHMHTXDOLÀHUDLVGHFDWDVWURSKLTXHHWMH W·HQVXLVUHFRQQDLVVDQW&HQ·HVWSDVODSHLQHG·HQGLUHSOXVWXWHVRXYLHQVFHODQHIDLW DXFXQGRXWH 0HUFL %HUQKDUG GH P·DYRLU DSSRUWp WRQ VRXWLHQW HW WHV HQFRXUDJHPHQWV SHQGDQW FHWWH SUHPLqUHVHPDLQHGLIÀFLOH0HUFLDXVVLG·DYRLUWRXMRXUVSULVOHWHPSVGHFRUULJHUVRXYHQW GDQVO·XUJHQFHWHOOHRXWHOOHÀJXUHWHORXWHODEVWUDFW 0HUFL5HQpH+ROJHU.DUVWHQGHP·DYRLURXYHUWOHVSRUWHVGHYRVODERUDWRLUHV0HUFLGH P·DYRLUVSRQWDQpPHQWDFFXHLOOLGDQVYRVpTXLSHVDORUVTXHPRQVXMHWQHOHSUpYR\DLWSDV GXWRXWDXGpSDUW -H Q·DUULYH SDV QRQ SOXV j UHPHUFLHU $OH[DQGUH 6pEDVWLHQ 0DUNXV %RXERX 5/% 6WHIDQR7MHUN1\QNH.DPLO$OPDU=ROWDQ3LHUUH5HL]L'pD0DWWKLDV0LKDL-DPHV +HLNH-RKDQQ.DWK\,VD:LOO\6LOYLR.RQL1DWKDOLH9HUHQD6WHSKDQH+DQV)UDX *ODQ]PDQQ+RUVW)UHG5LFK\-HDQHWWH0RQVLHXU)lKRX&pGULFG·DYRLUSDUWDJpDXWDQW GHERQVPRPHQWVDYHFPRLDXVHLQGHO·LQVWLWXWHWELHQSOXVHQFRUH1RXVDYRQVSULVWDQW GHSODLVLUjrWUHHQVHPEOHSRXUTXRLYRXVUHPHUFLHU"-HIHUDLVELHQPLHX[GHUHPHUFLHUOH KDVDUGGHP·DYRLUSHUPLVGHYRXVUHQFRQWUHUHWMHVRXKDLWHVLQFqUHPHQWTXHQRXVJDUGLRQV FRQWDFWDSUqVPRQGpSDUW.

(15)  

(16)  

(17)    . . 

(18)   ))*', #.*!' ( ,"*-+,#'! #*,#('+ '(*," ' +(-," ( ," %.(-0 &++#  #&)%#,#('+ (* ," .(%-,#(' ( ," /+,*' %)#' * +,*,. .  ',*(-,#('. .  (%(!#% +,,#'!  " -)"#'(#+ (&#'  " &*-'#+ 1 ')) +,$  " -*#'2(''#+ (&#'  " *#'2(''#+ (&#'.     .   (*&,#(' "#+,(*1  *%1 %)#' +,*-,-*+   +,*-,-*+   +,*-,-*+   +,*-,-*+.   .  .  ,('# .(%-,#(' ( ," &*-'#+ 1 ')) +,$. .  +*#),#(' ( *(++ +,#('+   *(++ +,#('+ 3 ' 3   *(++ +,#(' 3   *(++ +,#(' 3   *(++ +,#('+ 3 ' 3   *(++ +,#(' 3   *(++ +,#(' 3   *(++ +,#('+ 3. . . 

(19) 

(20)    .  -&&*1 ' #+-++#('. .  ('%-+#('+. .

(21)    +%20(#$2+%3 0( %#-%+4' 5-42#.9-0/+4'3 2'%02&+/) %0#8+#- #/& /0/%0#8+#- &'(02.#4+0/ ,+/'.#4+%3 8#.1-'3 (20. 4*' 0%*'2 &' -"2'4 3*'#2 :0/' !'34'2/ -13 $342#%4. .  /420&5%4+0/. .  '0-0)+%#- (2#.'702, 0( 4*' 345&9 #2'#   ')+0/#- 3'44+/)   '.1'2#452' %0/&+4+0/3 &52+/) &'(02.#4+0/   425%452#- 3'44+/).    .  '4*0&3 0( +/6'34+)#4+0/. .  +%203425%452' #/& 4'8452' 0( /5..5-+4+% -+.'340/' .9-0/+4'3   2040-+4*   20(+-'    20(+-'    -42#.9-0/+4' 3#.1-' 7+4* #39..'42+% %*#2#%4'2+34+%3  

(22)  3'%4+0/3 #/& +&'#- %2934#- 02+'/4#4+0/ .0&'-3   /6'23' 10-' (+)52'3.       . 

(23) +3%533+0/ 

(24)  '(02.#4+0/ .'%*#/+3.3 

(25)  +/'.#4+%3 0( &'(02.#4+0/ %0#8+#- 63 /0/%0#8+#- 

(26)  39..'42+% (#$2+%3 

(27)  5+4#$-9 02+'/4'& 3-+1 3934'.3 

(28) 

(29) '8452'3 +/ '81'2+.'/4#--9 &'(02.'& 3#.1-'3 

(30)  '8452' '60-54+0/ +/ /#452#--9 &'(02.'& -+.'340/'3.       .  5..#29 #/& 0/%-53+0/3. .  %,/07-'&).'/43. .  0(47#2' 53'&. .  '('2'/%'3. .

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

(32) 3,,"07.       .       

(33) 

(34) 

(35)   .  *$0.'"#0*$ "-"+71*1 .' 1",/+&1 $.++&$2&% "+.-( 2)& #"1"+ %&$.++&,&-2 +&4&+ .' 2)& "3/)*-.*1 %&0*4&% '0., 2)& .$&-& $.4&0 "2 2)& 1.32)&"12&00*, .' 2)& &+4.36 ,"11*'.   ",/+& ..   ",/+&1 . "-% .0,".   . 

(36). 

(37) *$0.'"#0*$ "-"+71*1 "+.-( 2)& "4"0-*& 2)0312 8.-& $&-20"+ 70&-&&1. 

(38)  ",/+&1  (2" "-%  (2#. 

(39)  ",/+&  (2%.     .  .-$+31*.-1. .

(40)  . .    

(41) !!(

(42)  !$ #$"%$%" $#$  #$#  $ #$" "  $ & %( ##

(43) !!(  !$ $#$  " " )## !" " '$ $  "  +"$ #" * 

(44) !!(  $ "! #$%)  $ %! #   $ $ # %$#$" "  $ & %( ##. . 

(45)   . .    .  .   .

(46) ,1752'8&7,21. .

(47) ,1752'8&7,21 $LPRIWKHVWXG\ 7KLVVWXG\FRYHUVWZRNH\WRSLFV $ÀUVWDLPRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\LVWRFRQWULEXWHWRDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH IRUPDWLRQRIWKHDUFRIWKH:HVWHUQ$OSV7KLVVHPLFLUFXODUDUFKDVDUDGLXVRIDERXW NLORPHWHUVDQGLVOLPLWHGE\WKH6:1(WUHQGLQJQRUWKHUQVXEDOSLQHFKDLQVWRWKHQRUWK DQGE\WKH1:6(VWULNLQJVRXWKHUQVXEDOSLQHFKDLQVWRWKHVRXWK7KHVRXWKHUQVHJPHQW RIWKHDUFH[WHQGLQJIURPWKH3HOYRX[WRWKH$UJHQWHUDH[WHUQDOFU\VWDOOLQHPDVVLIVLV VXEMHFWRIWKLVVWXG\ ÀJXUHVDDQGE

(48)  ,QVSLWHRIDFHQWXU\RIJHRORJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQVWKHUHLVQRJHQHUDODJUHHPHQW FRQFHUQLQJWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKLVDUF2QHRIWKHNH\SUREOHPVLVUHODWHGWRWKHDSSDUHQW ƒ GLYHUJHQFH LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI WKUXVWLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH DUHDV QRUWK DQG VRXWK RI WKH 3HOYRX[PDVVLIUHVSHFWLYHO\6HYHUDOPRGHOVDLPLQJWRH[SODLQWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKLVDUF KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG 9LDORQ HW DO  DQG 3ODWW HW DO  5LFRX  5LFRX DQG 6LGGDQVDQG%XWOHUHWDO

(49)  &HULDQL HW DO 

(50)  UHFHQWO\ SURSRVHG WKH K\SRWKHVLV DFFRUGLQJ WR ZKLFK WKH $GULDWLF LQGHQWHU WULJJHUHG :1:WKUXVWLQJ DORQJ D PDMRU RXW RI VHTXHQFH WKUXVW WKH 5RVHOHQG WKUXVW 57 ÀJXUH D

(51)  $FFRUGLQJ WR WKHVH DXWKRUV GLVSODFHPHQWV DORQJ WKLV VWUXFWXUHZHUHNLQHPDWLFDOO\OLQNHGWRGH[WUDOPRYHPHQWVDORQJWKH,QVXEULFOLQHWRWKH QRUWKDQGDORQJVLQLVWUDOVWULNHVOLSDWWKHUHDURI$UJHQWHUDPDVVLI%HVLGHVWHVWLQJWKLV K\SRWKHVLVWKLVVWXG\DOVRDLPVWRLQWHJUDWHWKHZRUNRI&HULDQLHWDO 

(52) LQWRDFRKHUHQW PRGHOWKDWDOVRLQFOXGHVWKHSUHVHQFHRI6:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJVRXWKRI3HOYRX[7KLVODVW IHDWXUH UHPDLQHG XQH[SODLQHG E\ &HULDQL HW DO 

(53)  ZKR EDVHG WKHLU K\SRWKHVLV RQ ZRUNQRUWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI 7KHVHFRQGNH\WRSLFRIWKLVZRUNLVDFRPSOHWHPLFURIDEULFDQDO\VLVRIFDOFLWH XOWUDP\ORQLWHVIRXQGDWWKHHDVWHUQULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI:1:GLUHFWHGHPSODFHPHQW RI LQWHUQDO 6XEULDQoRQQDLV DQG %ULDQo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

(54) ,1752'8&7,21 XOWUDP\ORQLWHVIRXQGZLWKLQWKHLQYHVWLJDWHGDUHDDQGDORQJDVKHDU]RQHIURPWKHFHQWUDO 3\UHQHHV 7KLVWKHVLVIRUPVSDUWRIDODUJHUSURMHFWGHDOLQJZLWKWKHDUFRIWKH)UHQFK,WDOLDQ $OSVDQGZDVVXEVWDQWLDOO\VXSSRUWHGE\WKH6ZLVV1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH)RXQGDWLRQ SURMHFW WLWOHG7KH3HQQLQLFXQLWVRIWKH:HVWHUQ$OSVDORQJWKH(&256&523 WUDQVHFWDQGWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKHDUFRIWKH:HVWHUQ$OSV

(55)  7KHPDLQSDUWRIWKLVSURMHFWZDVFDUULHGRXWDWWKH*HRORJLFDO3DOHRQWRORJLFDO ,QVWLWXWH RI %DVHO 8QLYHUVLW\ :KLOH %HUQKDUG )JHQVFKXK DQG 6WHIDQ 6FKPLG ZHUH LQYROYHGLQWKHÀHOGVWXGLHV5HQpH+HLOEURQQHUDQG+ROJHU6WQLW]FRQWULEXWHGWRWKH PLFURVWUXFWXUDODQGWKH;UD\WH[WXUHJRQLRPHWU\DQDO\VLVRIWKHFDOFLWHXOWUDP\ORQLWHV .DUVWHQ.XQ]HIURPWKH(7+=ULFKVXEVWDQWLDOO\SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWUHDWPHQWRIWKHWH[WXUDO GDWDDQGWKHQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQJRIWH[WXUHV+RZHYHUWKHDXWKRURIWKLVWKHVLVDFTXLUHG DOOWKHGDWDDQGLVSULPDULO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHLULQWHUSUHWDWLRQZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKHSHUVRQV PHQWLRQHGDERYH *HRJUDSKLFDO DQG JHRORJLFDO VHWWLQJ RI WKH ÀHOG VWXG\ DUHD VLWXDWHG EHWZHHQ WKH 3HOYRX[DQG$UJHQWHUDPDVVLIV 7KH  )UHQFK JHRORJLFDO PDS VKHHW *DS .HUFNKRYH HW DO 

(56)  ZDV XVHGDVDQRYHUYLHZPDSIRUWKHZKROHDUHD ÀJXUHD

(57) 7KHZRUNLQJDUHDH[WHQGVIURPWKH ´&ROGX/DXWDUHWµLQWKHQRUWKWRWKH$OORV0RQW3HODWPDVVLILQWKHVRXWKIURP*DSLQ WKHZHVWWR9LQDFLRLQWKHHDVW ÀJXUHE

(58)  7KHNH\DUHDRIWKHÀHOGVWXG\ZDVORFDWHGDWWKHHDVWHUQDQGVRXWKHDVWHUQULPRI WKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI ÀJXUHF

(59) FRYHUHGE\WKH%5*0JHRORJLFDOPDSV*XLOOHVWUH 'HEHOPDV HW DO 

(60)  2UFLqUHV 'HEHOPDV HW DO 

(61)  6DLQW &KULVWRSKH HQ 2LVDQV %DUIpW\ HW DO 

(62)  DQG %ULDQoRQ %DUIpW\ HW DO 

(63) 7KLV WULDQJXODU ]RQH H[WHQGV DERXWNLORPHWHUV16DQGNLORPHWHUV(:LQLWVODUJHVWSDUW ÀJXUHF

(64) ,WUHSUHVHQWV WKHGLUHFWVRXWKHUQFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKHDUHDLQYHVWLJDWHGE\&HULDQL 

(65) LQDSUHFXUVRU SURMHFW(OHYDWLRQVYDU\IURPPHWHUVLQWKHPDLQYDOOH\VWRPHWHUV %DUUHGHV (FULQVVXPPLW

(66)  7KLV DUHD OLHV DORQJ WKH 5RVHOHQG WKUXVW &HULDQL HW DO 

(67)  D PDMRU WHFWRQLF IHDWXUHVHSDUDWLQJWKH6XEULDQoRQQDLVDQG%ULDQoRQQDLVQDSSHVWDFNIURPWKHH[WHUQDOO\ ORFDWHG 'DXSKLQRLV GRPDLQ 7KH ODWWHU LV RYHUODLQ E\ WKH +HOPHQWKRLG )O\VFK QDSSHV RI3LHPRQW/LJXULDQRULJLQ LHWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN

(68) HPSODFHGRQWRWKH 'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQHDUO\RQDQGEHIRUHWKHWKUXVWLQJRIWKHLQWHUQDO3HQQLQLFXQLWVDORQJ WKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW. .

(69) 1. 2OCHERDELg9RET. 4ERTIARYUNDIFFERENTIATED 4RIASSICAND*URASSIC SEDIMENTS. KM. "ASEMENT. 4ÐTEDg/RÏAC. 3IRAC. #HATEAU1UEYRAS. 0ENNINICDOMAIN 3UBRIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. 2ÏOTIER. /RCIÒRES. "RIAN¥ONNAISUNITS og. 0IEMONT,IGURIANUNITS. ,1752'8&7,21. 'AP &IGUREC. %MBRUN. 2OSELENDTHRUST24. #OLDE6ARS. 37DIRECTEDTHRUSTS. #UNEO. "ARCELONNETTE #OLDELA "ONETTE. $EMONTE. og. !RGENTERA. og. o. $IGNE. og. . )LJXUH D 6LPSOLÀHG JHRORJLFDO RYHUYLHZ RI WKH DUHD EHWZHHQ 3HOYRX[ DQG $UJHQWHUD PDVVLIV DIWHU .HUFNKRYHHWDO 

(70) 'DVKHGOLQHVLQGLFDWHWKHRXWOLQHVRIÀJXUHFDQGRIWKHHQWLUHZRUNLQJDUHDRIWKLV VWXG\UHVSHFWLYHO\. o. $AUPHINOISDOMAIN.

(71) ,1752'8&7,21 g. . g. g. . . g. . g. )LJXUH E *HRJUDSKLFDO PDS RI WKH 'DXSKLQRLV GRPDLQ EHWZHHQ *UHQREOH DQG 1LFH7KH VWXG\ DUHD LV RXWOLQHGE\WKHEODFNGDVKHGOLQH. .

(72) 

(73) GR. 

(74) GR. 

(75) GR. 

(76) GR. 

(77) GR. 

(78) GR. 

(79) GR. ,1752'8&7,21 

(80) GR. 4ECTONICCONTACTS. $AUPHINOISDOMAIN. .EOGENENORMALFAULTS 'RAND'ALIBIER. 24 ,A'RAVE 2O. 37DIRECTEDTHRUSTS. 3CHISTESÌBLOCS 0RIABONIAN. 2OSELENDTHRUST24. .UMMULITICSUCCESSION 0RIABONIAN. 0YRENEANTHRUSTS. -ESOZOICCOVER. -ESOZOICPALEONORMAL FAULTS. M AN CHE. 0ELVOUXCRISTALLINE BASEMENT. #OLDU ,AUTARET. #OMBEYNOT0EYRONDES#LAUX BASEMENTUNIT. 1. 0ENNINICDOMAIN 3UBBRIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. KM. 3UBBRIAN¥ONNAIS UNDIFFERENTIATED. 0ICDULAC#OMBEYNOT 0IC'ASPARD. 

(81) GR. "RIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. #OVERNAPPES. ,A'RANDE2UINE. 2OCHE'AUTIER. !GNENIL0ATEGOUNAPPE. ,E-ONETIER LESBAINS. 0EYRE(AUTENAPPE 'Y. -ONTAGNEDES!GNEAUX. RO. ". #HAMPCELLANAPPE IEMEANDIEMEECAILLE. ND E. 2OCHE#HARNIÒRENAPPE. #HANTEMERLE. 6Ï. N. "g. Ï. ON. 2OCHERDE Lg9RET. (OUILLERDOMAIN (OUILLEREXTERNALCOVER (OUILLERINTERNALCOVER. !. 

(82) GR. (OUILLER "RIAN¥ON. )NTERMEDIATESLICES. !ILEFROIDE. IÒMEÏCAILLE. !g. &IGB. E. C. 0IEMONT,IGURIANUNITS AN $U R. 0ARPAILLONNAPPE -ONTBRISON. !UTAPIENAPPE. ,A"LANCHE 6ALLOUISE. , g/ N DE. ,ES6IGNEAUX. 24 !IGUILLEDE -ORGES. 4ÐTEDg/RÏAC. $. 0OINTEDE Lg!IGLIÒRE. $g. 0ICDE 0EYRE%YRAUTE. 

(83) GR. ,g!RGENTIÒRE LA"ESSÏE. EL &O U RN. ,E3IRAC. 0ICDE$ISDIER. #g. 4ÐTEDES,AUZIÒRES. 0ICDE0ARIÒRES. #. &REISSINIÒRES $ORMILLOUSE 6IEUX#HAILLOL. !IGUILLEDE #ÏDÏRA. ,A2OCHEDE 2AME. " Y A SSE. 

(84) GR 'RAND0INIER. %g. 4ÐTEDE'AULENT. #HAMPCELLA. 3AINT#RÏPIN. %. 2OCHE#HARNIÒRE 4ÐTEDE6AUTISSE. 24 /RCIÒRES. 4ÐTEDE&OURAN 2ÏOTIER. 'UILLESTRE. 'RANDE!UTANE. $ RAC. 

(85) GR 3AINT!LBAN ,E-OURREFROID. !NCELLE. AN CE. ,ES'OURNIERS. UR. ,E0IOLIT. $. 24. ,A"ATIE.EUVE %MBRUN. 

(86) GR. )LJXUH F 6WUXFWXUDO PDS RI WKH HDVWHUQ ULP RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI DIWHU %DUIpW\ HW DO   DQG 'HEHOPDVHWDO6HHÀJXUHDIRUORFDWLRQ. .

(87) ,1752'8&7,21 2UJDQLVDWLRQRIWKHWKHVLV 7KLVGLVVHUWDWLRQFRQVLVWVEHVLGHVWKLVLQWURGXFWLRQRIWKUHHPDLQFKDSWHUVEULHÁ\ FKDUDFWHULVHGEHORZDQGRIDÀQDOV\QWKHVLVVXPPDULVLQJWKHPDLQUHVXOWVRIWKHSUHVHQW ZRUN7KLVÀQDOV\QWKHVLVLVEDVHGRQWKHGLVFXVVLRQVDQGFRQFOXVLRQVSUHVHQWHGLQWKH LQGLYLGXDOFKDSWHUV &KDSWHU$SSDUHQWGLYHUJHQFHRIWKUXVWLQJGLUHFWLRQVQRUWKDQGVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[ PDVVLILPSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKHZHVWHUQ$OSLQHDUF *KLVODLQ7UXOOHQTXH%HUQKDUG)JHQVFKXKDQG6WHIDQ06FKPLGPDQXVFULSWSUHSDUHG IRUVXEPLVVLRQWR´7HFWRQLFVµ $IWHUSUHVHQWLQJWKHPDLQJHRORJLFDOXQLWVWKHWHFWRQLFVHWWLQJRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWHG DUHDLVGLVFXVVHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHQHZVWUXFWXUDOGDWDDFTXLUHGE\WKHÀUVWDXWKRU2XU PRGHO EDVHG RQ WKUHH GHIRUPDWLRQ SKDVHV LQFOXGHV DQG FRQÀUPV WKH K\SRWKHVLV RI &HULDQLHWDO 

(88) :HFRQVLGHUWKDWWKHƒGLYHUJHQFHRIWKUXVWLQJGLUHFWLRQVUHFRUGHG IURPQRUWKWRVRXWKRI3HOYRX[LVRQO\DQDSSDUHQWRQHLQWKHVHQVHWKDWLWLVWKHSURGXFW RI SRO\SKDVH GHIRUPDWLRQ &OHDU RYHUSULQWLQJ UHODWLRQVKLSV LQGLFDWH WKDW 6: DQG 1: GLUHFWHG WKUXVW V\VWHPV GHYHORSHG WRWDOO\ LQGHSHQGHQWO\ 6:WKUXVWLQJ LV FOHDUO\ SRVW GDWLQJ 1:WKUXVWLQJ $OO PRGHOV LQYROYLQJ D JUDGXDO FKDQJH RI FRQWHPSRUDQHRXV WKUXVWLQJGLUHFWLRQVDUHWKHUHIRUHQRWDSSURSULDWHWRH[SODLQWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKHDUFRIWKH :HVWHUQ$OSV%DVHGRQWKHVHÀQGLQJVDQHZPRGHOIRUWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKHDUFRIWKH :HVWHUQ$OSVLVSURSRVHG &KDSWHU  0LFURIDEULFV RI FDOFLWH XOWUDP\ORQLWHV UHFRUGLQJ FRD[LDO DQG QRQFRD[LDO GHIRUPDWLRQNLQHPDWLFV([DPSOHVIURPWKH5RFKHUGHO·<UHWVKHDU]RQH :HVWHUQ$OSV

(89) *KLVODLQ7UXOOHQTXH.DUVWHQ.XQ]H5HQHH+HLOEURQQHU+ROJHU6WQLW]DQG6WHIDQ0 6FKPLGPDQXVFULSWVXEPLWWHGIRUSXEOLFDWLRQWR´7HFWRQRSK\VLFVµ 7KLV VWXG\ LV EDVHG RQ D FROOHFWLRQ RI  VDPSOHV RI P\ORQLWLVHG QXPPXOLWLF OLPHVWRQH IRXQG DW WKH HDVWHUQ ULP RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI7KH YHU\ VSHFLÀF VWUXFWXUDO VHWWLQJRIWKHRXWFURSLQYHVWLJDWHGDOORZVIRUWKHUHFRJQLWLRQRIWZRW\SHVRIPLFURIDEULFV GHYHORSHGXQGHUFRD[LDODQGQRQFRD[LDONLQHPDWLFVUHVSHFWLYHO\ $ QHZ W\SH RI REOLTXH FD[LV RULHQWDWLRQ LV GHVFULEHG E\ PHDQV RI D FRPSOHWH PLFURIDEULFDQDO\VLVDQGWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIFDOFLWHWH[WXUHVDVVKHDUVHQVHLQGLFDWRUVLV GLVFXVVHG. .

(90) ,1752'8&7,21 &KDSWHU0LFURIDEULFDQDO\VLVRIFDOFLWLFPDUEOHVIURPWKHLQYHVWLJDWHGDUHDDQGWKH *DYDUQLHEDVDOFRQWDFW FHQWUDO3\UHQHHV

(91)  7KLVFKDSWHUDLPVWRSURYLGHH[DPSOHVIRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKHPLFURIDEULFPRGHO SUHVHQWHGLQFKDSWHUWKHVHEHLQJUHOHYDQWIRUWKHFRQFOXVLRQVUHDFKHGLQFKDSWHU 6WUDLQW\SHHYROXWLRQV FRD[LDOGRPLQDWHGWRQRQFRD[LDOGRPLQDWHG

(92) DQGVWUDLQ SDUWLRQQLQJSURFHVVHVDUHHYLGHQFHGZLWKLQWKHPDLQWHFWRQLFFRQWDFWVRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWHG DUHDDQGDORQJWKH*DYDUQLHEDVDOVKHDU]RQH FHQWUDO3\UHQHHV)UDQFH

(93) 7KH3\UHQHDQ VDPSOHV ZHUH SURYLGHG E\ -+3 'H %UHVVHU IURP WKH H[SHULPHQWDO URFN GHIRUPDWLRQ ODERUDWRU\DW8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\ZKRDOVRPDGHYDOXDEOHFRQWULEXWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKLVSDUW RIWKHPLFURIDEULFDQDO\VLV $SSHQGLFHV 7KLV ODVW SDUW RI WKH WKHVLV SURYLGHV DSSHQGLFHV UHJDUGLQJ WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI GDWDVHWVDQGVWUXFWXUDOLQVLJKWVIURPWKHHDVWHUQULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI $SSHQGL[$

(94)  WKHFRPSOHWHWH[WXUDODQGPLFURVWUXFWXUDOGDWDVHWIURPWKH5RFKHUGHO·<UHWVKHDU]RQH SUHVHQWHGLQFKDSWHU $SSHQGL[%

(95) DQGDPHWDPRUSKLFVWXG\RIWKH'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQ DWWKHVRXWKHDVWHUQULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI $SSHQGL[&

(96)  7KHGDWDSUHVHQWHGLQWKHVHWKUHHDSSHQGLFHVFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHRYHUDOOLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RIERWKWKHÀHOGDQGPLFURIDEULFUHODWHGSDUWVRIWKLVVWXG\UHVSHFWLYHO\$SSHQGLFHV$ DQG%ZLOOEHUHIHUUHGWRLQFKDSWHUVDQG7KHGDWDSUHVHQWHGLQ$SSHQGL[&DUH SODQQHGIRUSXEOLFDWLRQDWDODWHUVWDJH. .

(97) ,1752'8&7,21. .

(98) &+$37(5  $33$5(17 ',9(5*(1&( 2) 7+5867,1* ',5(&7,216 1257+$1'6287+2)7+(3(/928;0$66,),03/,&$7,216 )257+((92/87,212)7+(:(67(51$/3,1($5&. *KLVODLQ7UXOOHQTXHD%HUQKDUG)JHQVFKXKDDQG6WHIDQ06FKPLGD D. 'HSDUWPHQWRI*HRVFLHQFHV%DVHO8QLYHUVLW\&+%DVHO6ZLW]HUODQG. &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU *KLVODLQ7UXOOHQTXH 'HSWRI*HRVFLHQFHV %DVHO8QLYHUVLW\ %HUQRXOOLVWU &+%DVHO 6ZLW]HUODQG 7HO )D[ (PDLOJKLVODLQWUXOOHQTXH#XQLEDVFK .H\ZRUGV :HVWHUQ$OSV'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQVKHDUVHQVHDQDO\VLVSRO\SKDVHWHFWRQLFVQDSSH VWDFNLQJ. .

(99) &+$37(5. .

(100) &+$37(5 $EVWUDFW ,QWKH:HVWHUQ$OSVWKH3HQQLQLF%DVDO&RQWDFW 3%&&HULDQLHWDO

(101) GHÀQHV WKHWHFWRQLFERXQGDU\EHWZHHQWKHH[WHUQDO'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQDQGWKHLQWHUQDO3HQQLQLF XQLWV 'XULQJWKH(RFHQHWKH3%&FRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHVXWXUHEHWZHHQ'DXSKLQRLVDQG 6XEULDQoRQQDLV%ULDQoRQQDLV GRPDLQV UHODWHG WR WKH VXEGXFWLRQ RI WKH 9DODLV RFHDQ &HULDQL HW DO 

(102)  ,Q WKH 2OLJR0LRFHQH LH GXULQJ D VHFRQG DQG SRVWFROOLVLRQDO VWDJH(RFHQHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHSDVVLYHO\WUDQVSRUWHGWRZDUGVWKH:1:DORQJDPDMRURXW RIVHTXHQFHWKUXVWWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW 57

(103) SDUWLDOO\FRLQFLGLQJZLWKDQGUHDFWLYDWLQJ WKH3%&6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVRINH\RXWFURSVFRPELQHGZLWKPLFURIDEULFLQYHVWLJDWLRQV RIFDOFLWHXOWUDP\ORQLWHVDOORZHGWRWUDFHWKHVRXWKHUQFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKH57LQDEURDG VKHDU]RQHDWWKHULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIDQGIXUWKHU6RXWKDORQJWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVIURQW 7ULFDUW

(104) DWWKHUHDURIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN7KH57ÀQDOO\EUDQFKHV LQWRDVLQLVWUDOVWULNHVOLS]RQH1(RIWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLI 7KHDUHDVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLILVDGGLWLRQDOO\FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\6:GLUHFWHG WKUXVWLQJDIHDWXUHWRWDOO\DEVHQWQRUWKRILW'HWDLOHGLQYHVWLJDWLRQVRIRXWFURSVIRXQG DORQJ VWULNH RI WKH 57 WKH EDVDO GHFROOHPHQW RI ERWK 'DXSKLQRLV SDUDDXWRFKWRQRXV 7HUWLDU\FRYHUDQG+HOPHQWKRLG)O\VFKRIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFNUHYHDOWKDW WRS6:WKUXVWLQJLVD\RXQJHU LH'

(105) HYHQWRYHUSULQWLQJHDUOLHUIHDWXUHVOLQNHGWR' :1:GLUHFWHGGLVSODFHPHQWV 7KH\RXQJHVWGHIRUPDWLRQHYHQWIRXQGLQWKHDUHD '

(106) LVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKQRUPDO IDXOWLQJDORQJWKH'XUDQFHV\VWHP 2QDODUJHUVFDOHLWLVFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHZKROH$GULDWLFLQGHQWHUZDVWKUXVWHGRQWR WKH(XURSHDQSODWHDORQJWKH57GXULQJ2OLJR0LRFHQHWLPHV$FWLYLW\DORQJWKLVVWUXFWXUH LVOLQNHGWRGH[WUDOPRYHPHQWVDORQJWKH5KRQH6LPSORQOLQHDQGVLQLVWUDOPRYHPHQWV DWWKHUHDURIWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLI$GGLWLRQDOO\LWLVSURSRVHGWKDWWKHRQVHWRI'6: GLUHFWHGPRYHPHQWVÀQGVLWVRULJLQLQWKHRSHQLQJRIWKHZHVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQEDVLQ DQGWKHIRUPDWLRQRIWKH$SSHQLQHFKDLQLQPLGGOH0LRFHQHWLPHV. .

(107) &+$37(5. .

(108) &+$37(5 ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHIRUPDWLRQRIWKH$OSLQHQDSSHVWDFNUHVXOWVIURPWKHFORVXUHRIWKH9DODLVDQ DQG3LHPRQW/LJXULDQRFHDQLFGRPDLQVVHSDUDWHGIURPHDFKRWKHUE\WKH%ULDQoRQQDLV PLFURFRQWLQHQW'XULQJDQGDIWHU7HUWLDU\FROOLVLRQEHWZHHQWKH$SXOLDQDQG(XURSHDQ SODWHV LQWHQVLYHO\ GHIRUPHG 3HQQLQLF XQLWV ZHUH WKUXVWHG RQWR WKH (XURSHDQ IRUHODQG DORQJDPDMRUWHFWRQLFFRQWDFWUHIHUUHGWRDV3HQQLQH3HQQLQLF)URQWRU3HQQLQH3HQQLQLF )URQWDO7KUXVW 0HUOHDQG%UXQ0RVDUHWDO%DJQRXGHWDO6SHQFHU 6HZDUGDQG0DQFNWHORZ%UJLVVHUDQG)RUG

(109)  %DVHGRQGHWDLOHGPDSSLQJDQGDVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVLQWKHDUHDEHWZHHQWKH$UF DQG ,VqUH YDOOH\V HDVW RI WKH %HOOHGRQQH PDVVLI &HULDQL HW DO 

(110)  &HULDQL 

(111)  &HULDQLDQG6FKPLG 

(112) GRFXPHQWHGDSRO\SKDVHKLVWRU\RIWKLVPDMRUWHFWRQLFFRQWDFW ,Q(RFHQHWLPHVWKH3HQQLQLF%DVDO&RQWDFW 3%&

(113)  &HULDQLHWDO

(114) ZDVDFWLYHDV DVLQLVWUDOO\WUDQVSUHVVLYH]RQHGXULQJDQGDIWHUVXEGXFWLRQRIWKH9DODLVDQRFHDQ7KLV HSLVRGHZDVIROORZHGE\2OLJRFHQHWR(DUO\ 0LRFHQH:1:GLUHFWHGRXWRI VHTXHQFH WKUXVWLQJDORQJWKHVRFDOOHG5RVHOHQG7KUXVW 57

(115) SDUWLDOO\UHDFWLYDWLQJWKHIRUPHU3%& EXWSURSDJDWLQJIXUWKHULQWRWKH'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQDWWKHUHDURIWKH*UDQGHV5RXVVHV PDVVLI,QWKHLUPRGHO&HULDQLHWDO 

(116) ZKRRQO\ZRUNHGQRUWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI VXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH57PD\MRLQWKH%ULDQoRQQDLV)URQW %)

(117)  7ULFDUW

(118) DWWKH UHDURIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFNVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLILQRUGHUWRÀQDOO\ EUDQFKLQWRDEURDGVLQLVWUDOVWULNHVOLS]RQHDWWKHUHDURIWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLI$GHWDLOHG VWXG\FRQÀUPLQJRUUHMHFWLQJWKLVK\SRWKHVLVLVVWLOOPLVVLQJKRZHYHU 7KHVWUXFWXUDOVHWWLQJRIWKH'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLILV LQFRPSDULVRQWRWKHDUHD1RIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIDGGLWLRQDOO\FRPSOLFDWHGE\UHOLFWVRI HDUO\$OSLQHVWUXFWXUHV0RUHRYHUWRS6:GLUHFWHGNLQHPDWLFVKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGE\ PDQ\DXWKRUV HJ)U\%UJLVVHU%UJLVVHUDQG)RUG/LFNRULVKDQG )RUG/LFNRULVKHWDO)RUGHWDO)RUGDQG/LFNRULVK

(119) ZKHUHE\LW UHPDLQHGXQFOHDUDVWRZKHWKHUWKLVWRS6:WKUXVWLQJSUHGDWHVLVFRQWHPSRUDQHRXVZLWK RUSRVWGDWHVWKHWRS:1:WKUXVWLQJDORQJWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW 7KH VLJQLÀFDQFH DQG DPRXQW RI 6:GLUHFWHG WKUXVWLQJ RQO\ REVHUYHG LQ WKH 'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLILVDPDWWHURIGHEDWHLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH 6HYHUDO PRGHOV DLP WR FRPELQH WRS6: GLVSODFHPHQWV ZLWK WKH WRS1: GLUHFWHG PRYHPHQWV REVHUYHG QRUWK RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI %UJLVVHU 

(120)  IRUPXODWHG WZR JURXSVRIK\SRWKHVHVWKH´UDGLDOµDQGWKH´FRUQHUµK\SRWKHVHV 7KH UDGLDO K\SRWKHVLV LQFOXGHV PRGHOV VXFK DV WKDW RI9LDORQ HW DO 

(121)  RU D PRGHO SURSRVHG E\ 3ODWW HW DO 

(122) $FFRUGLQJ WR 9LDORQ HW DO 

(123)  WKH UDGLDO WKUXVWLQJ SDWWHUQ LV JHQHUDWHG E\ FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH URWDWLRQ RI WKH WUDQVODWLRQ GLUHFWLRQ. .

(124) &+$37(5 RIWKH0RQW%ODQF%HOOHGRQQH3HOYRX[EORFNDORQJWKHZHVWHUQVLGHZDOORIWKH$SXOLDQ LQGHQWHUWKDWPRYHGQRUWKZHVWZDUG7KLVURWDWLRQZDVDFFRPSDQLHGE\KHOLFDOGH[WUDO VWULNHVOLSIDXOWV VRFDOOHG5LQJVKHDUPRGHO

(125) $FFRUGLQJWR3ODWWHWDO 

(126) DWKUHH GLPHQVLRQDOUDGLDORURJHQLFZHGJHPLJKWGHYHORSDKHDGRIDURXQGHGLQGHQWHUEHFDXVH RIWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHSODWHPRWLRQYHFWRUDQGWKHWRSRJUDSKLFDOO\GULYHQERG\IRUFHV JUDYLW\

(127) JHQHUDWHGSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHWUHQGRIWKHRURJHQLFZHGJH 7KHFRUQHUK\SRWKHVLVLQFOXGHVPRGHOVVXFKDVWKRVHSURSRVHGE\5LFRX 

(128)  5LFRX DQG 6LGGDQV 

(129)  DQG WKH PRGHO RI %XWOHU HW DO 

(130) 7KH PRGHO RI 5LFRX 

(131)  5LFRX DQG 6LGGDQV 

(132)  LQYROYHV LQGHQWDWLRQ RI WKH $GULD LQGHQWHU LQ WZR VWHSV$FFRUGLQJWRWKLVK\SRWKHVLVWKH$GULDLQGHQWHUPRYHGWRZDUGVWKHQRUWKGXULQJ DÀUVWGHIRUPDWLRQSKDVHDFWLYHIURPODWH&UHWDFHRXVWRWKH(RFHQH'HIRUPDWLRQZDV DFFRPPRGDWHGDORQJPDMRU16VWULNHVOLS]RQHVZLWKLQWKHRURJHQ,QDVHFRQGHSLVRGH IURPWKH2OLJRFHQHWRWKH3OLRFHQHWKHFRXQWHUFORNZLVHFKDQJHLQWKHWUDQVODWLRQSDWK RI $GULD FDXVHG WKH 6:GLUHFWHG WKUXVWLQJ UHFRUGHG LQ WKH 'DXSKLQRLV GRPDLQ VRXWK RI 3HOYRX[ 'HIRUPDWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH RURJHQ ZDV WKHQ DFFRPPRGDWHG E\ GH[WUDO VWULNH VOLSDORQJ1(6:VWULNLQJIDXOWV 'LHWULFKDQG'XUQH\

(133) /DXEVFKHU 

(134)  DOVR FDPH WR D VLPLODU PRGHO WKDW SURSRVHV D SRO\SKDVH WUDQVODWLRQ SDWK RI WKH$GULD LQGHQWHU 7KH PRGHO RI %XWOHU HW DO 

(135)  LQYROYHV D OLQHDU SODWH PRWLRQ E\ DW OHDVW NPWRZDUGV:1:LQGXFLQJFRQVLGHUDEOHWKLFNHQLQJZLWKLQWKHLQWHUQDOSDUWVRIWKH RURJHQ6:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJZLWKLQWKHVRXWKHUQVXEDOSLQHFKDLQVLVLQWHUSUHWHGDVD FRQVHTXHQFHRIDODWHUDOJUDYLWDWLRQDOFROODSVHRIWKHRURJHQ,QWKLVPRGHOVXFK6: GLUHFWHGGLVSODFHPHQWVFRQVWLWXWHDODWHUWRWDOO\LQGHSHQGHQWWKUXVWV\VWHPFRPSDUHGWR WKHVWUXFWXUHVUHODWHGWRWKH1:GLUHFWHGPRYHPHQWV %UJLVVHU 

(136) GHVFULEHGFOHDUHYLGHQFHIRU6:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJDORQJWKH EDVDOGHFROOHPHQWRIWKH(RFHQHFRYHURIWKHVRXWKHUQPRVWSDUWVRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIDQG DWWKHEDVHRIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN$FFRUGLQJWRWKLVDXWKRU6:GLUHFWHG GHIRUPDWLRQDSSHDUVWREHFRQWHPSRUDQHRXVZLWK1:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJUHFRUGHGQRUWK RIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI7KHFRHYDODFWLYLW\RIWRS1:DQGWRS6:WKUXVWLQJUHVSHFWLYHO\ KDVDOVREHHQSURSRVHGE\/LFNKRULVFKHWDO 

(137)  ,WLVWKHDLPRIWKLVFRQWULEXWLRQWRWHVWWKHK\SRWKHVLVRI&HULDQLHWDO 

(138)  DQGSURYLGHGLWLVIRXQGWREHDGHTXDWHLWVLQWHJUDWLRQLQWRDFRKHUHQWPRGHO7KHUHE\ WKHHYLGHQFHIRUWRS6:PRYHPHQWVZLOODOVREHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW7KHVHDUHLQIDFW UHFRUGHGLQWKHDUHDEHWZHHQ3HOYRX[DQG$UJHQWHUDPDVVLIVEXWQRWH[SODLQHGE\WKH PRGHORI&HULDQLHWDO 

(139) 7KHSUHVHQWVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVDOVRLQFOXGHVLQYHVWLJDWLRQV RIWKHEDVDOFRQWDFWRIWKH3HQQLQLF(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN1RJHQHUDODJUHHPHQW ZDVIRXQGLQWKHH[LVWLQJOLWHUDWXUHFRQFHUQLQJWKHRULJLQDOGLUHFWLRQRIHPSODFHPHQWRI WKHVH LQWHUQDO XQLWV RI %ULDQoRQQDLV DQG 3LHPRQW/LJXULDQ RULJLQ RQWR WKH 'DXSKLQRLV. .

(140) &+$37(5 GRPDLQ :H ZLOO SUHVHQW WKH UHVXOWV RI DQ H[DPLQDWLRQ RI WKH PDLQ WHFWRQLF FRQWDFWV SDUWLFXODUO\IRFXVVLQJRQWKHNLQHPDWLFVRIPRYHPHQW'HWDLOHGPDSVLQNH\DUHDVDUH XVHG WR FRQVWUDLQ WKH SUHVHQW GD\ JHRPHWU\ RI WKH UHJLRQ 3DUWLFXODU HPSKDVLV ZLOO EH JLYHQWRFOHDURYHUSULQWLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVLQRUGHUWRDQDO\VHWKHNLQHPDWLFHYROXWLRQRI WKHDUHD$OOWKLVZLOOÀQDOO\OHDGWRDQHZLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHWHFWRQLFHYROXWLRQRIWKH VRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHZHVWHUQ$OSLQHDUFRQWKHODUJHVFDOH. *HRORJLFDOVHWWLQJ 7KLVGHWDLOHGVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVÀUVWFRQFHQWUDWHVRQWKHHDVWHUQDQGVRXWKHDVWHUQ SDUWVRIWKHULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI ÀJVDQG

(141) $VDOUHDG\RXWOLQHGE\%UJLVVHU 

(142)  WKLV DUHD LV RI FUXFLDO LPSRUWDQFH IRU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH UROH RI 6:GLUHFWHG NLQHPDWLFVVLQFHVXFK6:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJLVQRWUHFRUGHGIXUWKHUQRUWK,QRUGHUWR YHULI\RXUÀQGLQJVLQWKHDUHDQHDUWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIRQDODUJHUVFDOHZHH[WHQGHG RXUVWXG\IXUWKHUWRZDUGVWKH6(E\LQYHVWLJDWLQJWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVWQRUWKHDVWDQGDW WKHUHDURIWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLIZKHUHLWDIIHFWVERWK'DXSKLQRLVDQG6XEULDQoRQQDLV %ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQV ÀJ

(143)  7KUHH PDLQ VWUXFWXUDO GRPDLQV DUH GLVWLQJXLVKHG LQ WKH ZRUNLQJ DUHD QDPHO\ 

(144) WKHH[WHUQDO'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQ

(145) WKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFNFRQVLVWLQJRI EDVDOVOLFHVRI6XEULDQoRQQDLVRULJLQRYHUODLQE\Á\VFKRI3LHPRQW/LJXULDQRULJLQDQG 

(146) WKH3HQQLQLFXQLWVEHKLQGWKH´%ULDQoRQQDLV)URQWµLQWKHVHQVHRI7ULFDUW 

(147)  ODUJHO\FRLQFLGLQJZLWKWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVWDVSRVWXODWHGE\&HULDQLHWDO 

(148)  ÀJ

(149)  (DVWRIWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW%ULDQoRQQDLVXQLWVSUHGRPLQDWHDQGDUHORFDOO\RYHUODLQE\ 3LHPRQW/LJXULDGHULYHGÁ\VFKZKLOHVOLFHVRI6XEULDQoRQQDLVRULJLQDUHIRXQGDORQJD ZHVWHUQPRVWVWULSLQWKH3HOYRX[DUHDRQO\7KHPDLQJHRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVH XQLWVDUHEULHÁ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

(150) ZHUHLQYHUWHG. .

(151) . . . &+$37(5. %HUQ. 1.  KM. 5 *HQqYH. 7. 6. . 0%. F. $U. 0R€WLHUV *UHQREOH. 7RULQR. &0. 0RODVVHEDVLQ  XQGLIIHUHQWLDWHG -XUDEHOW  XQGLIIHUHQWLDWHG 'DXSKLQRLV'RPDLQ  7ULDVVLF-XUDVVLF . 3. %DVHPHQW H[WHUQDOPDVVLIV

(152). 3HQQLQLF'RPDLQ 6XESHQQLQLFQDSSHV    . 'XUDQFH. 9DODLVDQ %ULDQoRQQDLV 3LHPRQW/LJXULD. $XVWUR6RXWKDOSLQH'RPDLQ XQGLIIHUHQWLDWHG . &IG. &IG. . $.  5RVHOHQG7KUXVW 57

(153) 'LJQHWKUXVW  6LPSORQQRUPDOIDXOW ,YUHDJHRSK\VLFDO ERG\. $. )LJXUH  6LPSOLÀHG JHRORJLFDO RYHUYLHZ RI WKH DUF RI WKH:HVWHUQ$OSV $$UJHQWHUD PDVVLI &0 &RPEH\QRWPDVVLI0%0RQW%ODQFPDVVLI33HOYRX[PDVVLI55KRQH6LPSORQOLQH66LPSORQQRUPDO IDXOW77RQDOHOLQH

(154) DIWHU)URLW]KHLPHWDO 

(155) &HULDQLHWDO 

(156) DQG6FKPLGHWDO 

(157) . .

(158) 

(159) GR. 

(160) GR. 

(161) GR. 

(162) GR. 

(163) GR. 

(164) GR. 

(165) GR. &+$37(5 

(166) GR. 4ECTONICCONTACTS. $AUPHINOISDOMAIN. .EOGENENORMALFAULTS 'RAND'ALIBIER. 24 ,A'RAVE. 37DIRECTEDTHRUSTS. 3CHISTESÌBLOCS 0RIABONIAN. 2OSELENDTHRUST24. .UMMULITICSUCCESSION 0RIABONIAN. 0YRENEANTHRUSTS. -ESOZOICCOVER. -ESOZOICPALEONORMAL FAULTS. 2O MANCHE. 0ELVOUXCRISTALLINE BASEMENT. #OLDU ,AUTARET. #OMBEYNOT0EYRONDES#LAUX BASEMENTUNIT. 1. 0ENNINICDOMAIN 3UBRIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. KM. 3UBRIAN¥ONNAIS UNDIFFERENTIATED. 0ICDULAC#OMBEYNOT 0IC'ASPARD. 

(167) GR. "RIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. #OVERNAPPES. ,A'RANDE2UINE. 2OCHE'AUTIER. !GNENIL0ATEGOUNAPPE. ,E-ONETIER LESBAINS. 0EYRE(AUTENAPPE #HAMPCELLANAPPE IEMEANDIEMEECAILLE. 'Y. -ONTAGNEDES!GNEAUX. RO ND E. ". 2OCHE#HARNIÒRENAPPE. 6. Ï. #HANTEMERLE. N. ÏO N. "g. 2OCHERDE Lg9RET. (OUILLERDOMAIN (OUILLEREXTERNALCOVER (OUILLERINTERNALCOVER. !. 

(168) GR. (OUILLER "RIAN¥ON. )NTERMEDIATESLICES. !ILEFROIDE. IÒMEÏCAILLE 0IEMONT,IGURIANUNITS. ANC. . R. $U. E. !g. &IG. 0ARPAILLONNAPPE -ONTBRISON. !UTAPIENAPPE. ,A"LANCHE 6ALLOUISE. ,g /NDE. ,ES6IGNEAUX. 24 !IGUILLEDE -ORGES. 4ÐTEDg/RÏAC. $. 0OINTEDE Lg!IGLIÒRE. &O URNE. ,E3IRAC. $g. 0ICDE 0EYRE%YRAUTE. 

(169) GR. ,g!RGENTIÒRE LA"ESSÏE. L. 0ICDE$ISDIER. #g. 4ÐTEDES,AUZIÒRES. 0ICDE0ARIÒRES. #. &REISSINIÒRES ,A2OCHEDE 2AME. "Y SSE A. $ORMILLOUSE 6IEUX#HAILLOL. !IGUILLEDE #ÏDÏRA. 

(170) GR 'RAND0INIER. %g. 4ÐTEDE'AULENT. #HAMPCELLA. 3AINT#RÏPIN. %. 2OCHE#HARNIÒRE 4ÐTEDE6AUTISSE. 24 /RCIÒRES. 4ÐTEDE&OURAN 2ÏOTIER. 'UILLESTRE. 'RANDE!UTANE. $RAC . 

(171) GR. 3AINT!LBAN ,E-OURREFROID. !NCELLE. RAN CE. ,ES'OURNIERS. ,E0IOLIT. $U. 24. ,A"ATIE.EUVE %MBRUN. 

(172) GR. )LJXUH6WUXFWXUDOPDSRIWKHVWXG\DUHDDIWHU%DUELHUHWDO 

(173) %DUIpW\HWDO 

(174) 'HEHOPDV HWDO 

(175) .HUFNKRYHHWDO 

(176) . .

(177) 1. . $AUPHINOISDOMAIN. 2OCHERDELg9RET. 4ERTIARYUNDIFFERENTIATED 4RIASSICAND*URASSIC SEDIMENTS. KM 3IRAC. "ASEMENT. $ATA,AUZIÒRES. /RÏAC. 0ENNINICDOMAIN 3UBRIAN¥ONNAISUNITS /RCIÒRES. 2ÏOTIER. "RIAN¥ONNAISUNITS. $ATA2ÏOTIER. g 0IEMONT,IGURIANUNITS. 'AP. &+$37(5. 2OSELENDTHRUST24 37DIRECTEDTHRUSTS. %MBRUN #OLDE6ARS. 3TEREOPLOTS 0OLESTOFOLIATION 3TRETCHINGLINEATIONS. $ATACOLDE 6ARSPASS. "ARCELONNETTE. $ATA!RMA VALLEY. #OLDELA "ONETTE. !RGENTERA. g. . $IGNE. g. . )LJXUH  6LPSOLÀHG JHRORJLFDO RYHUYLHZ RI WKH DUHD EHWZHHQ 3HOYRX[ DQG $UJHQWHUD PDVVLIV DIWHU .HUFNKRYHHWDO 

(178) DQG%LJLHWDO 

(179) 1RWHWKHFRQVWDQW(6(:1:RULHQWHGVWUHWFKLQJOLQHDWLRQV IRXQGDORQJWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW. $ATA2OCHER DELg9RET. g.

(180) &+$37(5 GXULQJ$OSLQHRURJHQ\DQGUHOLFVDUHGLUHFWO\REVHUYDEOHZLWKLQWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIDQG LPPHGLDWHO\ QRUWK RI LW 3DOHRQRUPDO IDXOWV VXFK DV WKH IDPRXV ´&RO G·2UQRQµ IDXOW %DUIpW\HWDO/HPRLQHHWDO

(181) DUHPRVWO\1(6:VWULNLQJ 0HVR]RLFVWUDWDDUHGLVFRUGDQWO\RYHUODLQE\DFRQJORPHUDWHIRUPDWLRQ *XSWD 

(182) IROORZHGE\WKHFODVVLFDO´3ULDERQLDQWULORJ\µ 5DYHQQH$SSVHWDO

(183)  ZKLFKFRPSULVHVIURPEDVHWRWRS 

(184)  VKDOORZZDWHUQXPPXOLWLFOLPHVWRQHRIYDULDEOHWKLFNQHVV ²P

(185)  

(186)  KHPLSHODJLFJORELJHULQDPDUOV ²P

(187)  

(188)  WKH&KDPSVDXUVDQGVWRQHIRUPDWLRQDUHJXODUDOWHUQDQFHRIWXUELGLWLFVDQGVWRQHV DQGVKDOHV 3HUULDX[DQG8VHOOH:DLEHO

(189) ZKRVHWKLFNQHVVYDULHVIURP WRPHWHUV,QVRPHDUHDVLPPHGLDWHO\VRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIWKH VLOLFLFODVWLFGHSRVLWVFRQWDLQXSWRRIYROFDQLFGHWULWXV 'HEUDQG3DVVDUGHW DO%UJLVVHU

(190)  7KH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN 7KH (PEUXQDLV 8ED\H QDSSH VWDFN FRPSULVHV WKH$XWDSLH QDSSH RYHUODLQ E\ WKH3DUSDLOORQQDSSH%RWKRIWKHPEXLOGXSWKH&UHWDFHRXVDJH+HOPHQWKRLGÁ\VFKRI 3LHPRQW/LJXULD RULJLQ 7KHVH Á\VFK XQLWV DUH ORFDOO\ XQGHUODLQ E\ VOLYHUV UHIHUUHG WR DV´6XEULDQoRQQDLVµDOWKRXJKWKHIDFLHVRIVRPHRIWKHVHVOLYHUVUDWKHUUHPLQGVRIWKDW IRXQGLQWKHFODVVLFDO%ULDQoRQQDLVUDWKHUWKDQWKDWIRXQGLQWKH6XEEULDQoRQQDLVQRUWK RI3HOYRX[ $PDULQHWHFWRQRVHGLPHQWDU\PHODQJHWKHVRFDOOHG´VFKLVWHVjEORFVµIRUPDWLRQ .HUFNKRYH

(191) IRUPHGLQIURQWRIWKHDGYDQFLQJ$XWDSLHQDSSH,WPDUNVWKHHQGRI VHGLPHQWDWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH 3ULDERQLDQ EDVLQ RI WKH 'DXSKLQRLV 7KLV ´VFKLVWHV j EORFVµ XQLWLVIRXQGZLWKRXWWHFWRQLFGLVFRQWLQXLW\RQWRSRIWKH&KDPSVDXUVHULHVDQGKHQFH LVFRQVLGHUHGDVSDUWRIWKH'DXSKLQRLV ÀJVDQG

(192) ,WFRPSULVHVDQDVVRFLDWLRQRI GHFLPHWULFWRPHWULFVDQGVWRQHDQGOLPHVWRQHEORFNVPRVWO\GHULYHGIURPWKH$XWDSLH QDSSHDQGHPEHGGHGLQDEODFNPDUO\PDWUL[ :LWKLQ WKH LQYHVWLJDWHG DUHD WKH $XWDSLH QDSSH LV SUHVHUYHG DV VOLFHV RQO\ LQWHQVLYHO\IROGHGWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHXQGHUO\LQJ'DXSKLQRLVVHULHV7KH3DUSDLOORQQDSSH RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG LV PXFK EHWWHU SUHVHUYHG DQG LW FRQVLVWV IURP EDVH WR WRS RI WKH IROORZLQJVXFFHVVLRQ .HUFNKRYH

(193)  

(194)  VLOLFLFEODFNVFKLVWVZLWKFHQWLPHWULFVDQGVWRQHOD\HUVWKHVRFDOOHG´FRPSOH[HGH EDVHµ 

(195)  +HOPLQWKRLG Á\VFK ZLWK PDVVLYH VDQGVWRQH OD\HUV WKH VRFDOOHG ´(PEUXQDLV VDQGVWRQHVµ YDU\LQJWKLFNQHVVRIWRP

(196) . .

(197) &+$37(5 

(198)  &DOFDUHRXV +HOPLQWKRLG Á\VFK VKRZLQJ D UHJXODU LQWHUQDO VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ  WR P

(199)  $FFRUGLQJWR)U\ 

(200) /LFNRULVKDQG)RUG 

(201) 0HUOHDQG%UXQ 

(202)  WKHHDUO\HPSODFHPHQWRIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFNRQWRWKH'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQ LVGDWHGIURPWKH(DUO\2OLJRFHQH 5XSHOLDQ

(203) 1XPHURXVUHOLFVRIKHOPHQWKRLGÁ\VFKRQ WRSRIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVXQLWVFOHDUO\GHPRQVWUDWHWKDWWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFN ZDVRULJLQDOO\GHULYHGIURPDPRUHLQWHUQDOSDOHRJHRJUDKLFSRVLWLRQZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKH %ULDQoRQQDLVXQLWV 7KH6XEULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQ 7KH 6XEULDQoRQQDLV GRPDLQ LQ WKH SDOHRJHRJUDSKLF VHQVH IRUPHG WKH SDVVLYH PDUJLQRIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVGXULQJWKHRSHQLQJRIWKH9DODLVRFHDQ,WVWHFWRQLFSRVLWLRQ LV EHWZHHQ WKH XQGHUO\LQJ 'DXSKLQRLV XQLWV DQG WKH RYHUO\LQJ %ULDQoRQQDLV XQLWV ,W LV SUHVHQWO\ H[SRVHG LQ WKH ´$UJHQWLqUH ZLQGRZµ QHDU 2UHDF ÀJV  DQG 

(204)  D KDOI ZLQGRZDFFRUGLQJWR%DUIpW\

(205) DQGZDVÀUVWUHFRJQL]HGE\*LJQRX[HWDO 

(206)  *LJQRX[DQG0RUHW 

(207) 7KHDJHRIWKHGLIIHUHQWVWUDWLJUDSKLFXQLWVZLWKLQWKLVKDOI ZLQGRZUDQJHVIURPXSSHU2[IRUGLDQ ´7HUUHVQRLUHVµXQLW

(208) WR&UHWDFHRXVFDOFVFKLVWV 7KH VWUDWLJUDSKLFDOO\ \RXQJHVW IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH 6XEEULDQoRQQDLV XQLWV LV WKH ´EODFN Á\VFKµIRUPDWLRQRI/XWHWLDQDJHFRQVLVWLQJRIDQDOWHUQDQFHRIFHQWLPHWULFWRGHFLPHWULF OD\HUVRIEODFNVFKLVWVDQGÀQHJUDLQHGVDQGVWRQHV7KLVEODFNÁ\VFKIRUPDWLRQLQFOXGHV ODUJHROLVWROLWKVVXFKDVIRUH[DPSOHWKH'RJJHUOLPHVWRQHVOLFHIRXQGEHORZWKH´7rWH GHV/DX]LqUHVµVXPPLW VHHFURVVVHFWLRQLQÀJXUHFDQG'HEHOPDV

(209)  ,Q PDS YLHZ H[FHSW IRU WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG $UJHQWLqUH KDOI ZLQGRZ

(210)  WKH 6XEULDQoRQQDLV XQLW XVXDOO\ IRUPV D QDUURZ EDQG ERUGHULQJ WKH %ULDQoRQQDLV GRPDLQ HDVWDQGVRXWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI7KLVWKLQQLQJPLJKWEHH[SODLQHGE\ODWHQRUPDO IDXOWLQJ GLVVHFWLQJ WKH 6XEULDQoRQQDLV DQG %ULDQoRQQDLV IURQW 7ULFDUW HW DO 

(211)  RU DOWHUQDWLYHO\ E\ LQWHQVH VKHDULQJ RI WKH XQLWV DW WKH HDVWHUQ ULP RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI 5RFKHUGHO·<UHWVKHDU]RQHVHHFKDSWHU

(212)  )LQDOO\DVPHQWLRQHGDERYHVOLFHVUHODWHGWRWKH6XEULDQoRQQDLVDUHDOVRIRXQG LQDSUHVHQWO\PRUHH[WHUQDOSRVLWLRQQDPHO\DWWKHEDVHRIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSH VWDFN 7KHVH VOLFHV WRJHWKHU ZLWK 7ULDVVLF GRORPLWLF OLPHVWRQH XQLWV RI %ULDQoRQQDLV SDOHRJHRJUDSKLFRULJLQDUHLQWHUSUHWHGDVKDYLQJEHHQVFUDSHGRIIIURPWKHH[WHUQDOERUGHU RIWKH(RFHQHDFFUHWLRQDU\SULVPGHYHORSHGZLWKLQWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQGXULQJWKH HPSODFHPHQWRIWKH+HOPHQWKRLGÁ\VFKQDSSHVRQWR'DXSKLQRLV7KHLUDWWULEXWLRQWRWKH ´6XEULDQoRQQDLVµPRUHUHÁHFWVWKHLUSUHVHQWVWUXFWXUDOSRVLWLRQ EHORZRULQIURQWRIWKH %ULDQoRQQDLVEHKLQGWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW

(213) UDWKHUWKDQWKHLUSHDOHRJHRJUDSKLFRULJLQ. .

(214) &+$37(5 7KH%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQ 7KHSUHVHQWJHRPHWU\RIWKHYDULRXV%ULDQoRQQDLVWHFWRQLFXQLWVLQWKHLQYHVWLJDWHG DUHDUHVXOWVIURPVHYHUDOGHIRUPDWLRQSKDVHVGHVFULEHGLQGHWDLOE\7ULFDUW 

(215)  UHIHUUHGWRDV´7HFWRQLTXH,WR,9µE\WKLVDXWKRU7KHJHRPHWU\RIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQ LQGLFDWHV VWDFNLQJ RI VHYHUDO QDSSHV VRPH RI WKHP IRUPHO\ UHSUHVHQWLQJ VHGLPHQWDU\ LQÀOOV RI JUDEHQV GHYHORSHG ZLWKLQ WKH %ULDQoRQQDLV SODWIRUP GXULQJ 0HVR]RLF ULIWLQJ ´LQVHTXHQFHµWHFWRQLFV7ULFDUWHWDO

(216) 7KHDFWXDORUGHURIVWDFNLQJ IURPEDVHWR WRS

(217)  FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKHLU LQLWLDO:( SDOHRJHRJUDSKLF GLVWULEXWLRQ 7ULFDUW HW DO  &ODXGHO

(218)  7KHVWUDWLJUDSK\RIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQLVGHVFULEHGLQJUHDWGHWDLOLQWKH OLWHUDWXUH VHH&ODXGHODQGUHIHUHQFHVWKHUHLQ

(219) DQGPLJKWEHVXPPDUL]HGDVIROORZV $'HYRQLDQWR&DUERQLIHURXVDJHVXEVWUDWXPLVRYHUODLQE\D0HVR]RLFDQG7HUWLDU\FRYHU 7KH0HVR]RLFVHULHVDUHGRPLQDQWO\FDOFDUHRXVDQGDUHRIWHQVHSDUDWHGIURPWKHLULQLWLDO VXEVWUDWXPGXHWRGHFROOHPHQWZLWKLQWKH8SSHU6F\WKLDQHYDSRULWHIRUPDWLRQ:LWKLQWKH ZHVWHUQ%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQWKHIROORZLQJQDSSHVDUHFODVVLFDOO\GHVFULEHGLQOLWHUDWXUH IURPEDVHWRWRSRIWKHQDSSHVWDFN

(220) WKH´5RFKH&KDUQLqUHµQDSSHWKH´&KDPSFHOODµ QDSSHWKH´LHPHpFDLOOHµQDSSH 7HUPLHU

(221) DQGWKH´3H\UH+DXWHµQDSSH 7KH ´5RFKH &KDUQLqUHµ QDSSH 7KLV QDSSH LV DOVR NQRZQ DV WKH IURQWDO %ULDQoRQQDLV QDSSH ,W LV PDLQO\ H[SRVHG LQ WKH DUHD RI WKH %5*0 JHRORJLFDO PDS ´*XLOOHVWUHµ 'HEHOPDV HW DO 

(222)  EHWZHHQ WKH 7rWH G·2UpDF DQG 5RFKH &KDUQLqUH VXPPLWV)XUWKHUQRUWKWKLVQDSSHLVWHFWRQLFDOO\UHGXFHGWROHQVHVPDUNLQJWKHFRQWDFW EHWZHHQ6XEULDQoRQQDLVDQG%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQVLHEHORZWKH0RQWEULVRQPDVVLI 7KH ´&KDPSFHOODµ QDSSH 7KLV QDSSH LV DOVR NQRZQ DV ´1DSSH GH OD 7rWH G·$YDO GX PDVVLI GH 0RQWEULVRQµ DQG FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH ´LqPH pFDLOOHµ GHÀQHG E\ 7HUPLHU 

(223)  DQG ODWHU LQYHVWLJDWHG E\ *RJXHO  

(224)  DQG 'HEHOPDV 

(225)  ,QWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWHGDUHDWKLVQDSSHIRUPVWKH´*DXOHQWµNOLSSHDQG LVIRXQGIXUWKHUHDVWEHWZHHQ*DXOHQWPDVVLIDQG&KDPSFHOODYLOODJH,QWKHQRUWKWKLV QDSSHEXLOGVXSWKHPDMRUSDUWRIWKH0RQWEULVRQPDVVLI ÀJ

(226)  7KH ´LqPH pFDLOOHµ QDSSH 7KLV QDSSH LV DOVR NQRZQ DV ´7rWH G·$PRQW GX PDVVLIGH0RQWEULVRQµQDSSH,WOLHVKRUL]RQWDOO\RQWRSRIWKHEODFNÁ\VFKXQLWRIWKH XQGHUO\LQJ´&KDPSFHOODQDSSHµDQGUHPDLQVUHODWLYHO\XQDIIHFWHGE\IROGLQJRULQWHUQDO VOLFLQJ 7KH´3H\UH+DXWHµQDSSH7KLVQDSSHLVPDLQO\H[SRVHGZLWKLQWKHDUHDFRYHUHG E\WKH´*XLOOHVWUHµ%5*0JHRORJLFDOPDS 'HEHOPDVHWDO

(227) ,WLVHLWKHUWKUXVWRQWRS RIWKHEODFNÁ\VFKRURQWRWKHVRFDOOHG´QHR&UHWDFHRXVµFDOFVFKLVWVRIWKHXQGHUO\LQJ ´LqPHpFDLOOHQDSSHµ1XPHURXVV\QULIWSDOHRQRUPDOIDXOWVDUHZHOOSUHVHUYHGZLWKLQ. .

(228) &+$37(5 WKLVQDSSH )LQDOO\LVRODWHGNOLSSHQRIFU\VWDOOLQHEDVHPHQWUHIHUUHGWRDV´LqPHpFDLOOHµ 7HUPLHU 

(229)  FDQ EH IRXQG 7KHVH EDVHPHQW XQLWV ZHOO YLVLEOH LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH LQYHVWLJDWHG DUHD HDVW RI WKH 5RFKHU GH O·<UHW VKHDU ]RQH DUH HLWKHU LQWHUSUHWHG DVUHPQDQWVRIVOLFHVIURPWKH$FFHJOLR]RQH 'HEHOPDV/HPRLQH7HUPLHU 

(230) RUODUJHVFDOHROLVWROLWKV %DUIpW\HWDO

(231) . 'HIRUPDWLRQKLVWRU\ 5HOLFVRISUHDOSLQH RUHDUO\$OSLQH

(232) VWUXFWXUHVFDQEHREVHUYHGDWWKHVRXWKHDVWHUQ ULP RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI DOWKRXJK ODUJHO\ RYHUSULQWHG E\ ODWHU$OSLQH GHIRUPDWLRQ /RFDOO\WKUHH$OSLQHGHIRUPDWLRQSKDVHV ''DQG'

(233) WKDWSRVWGDWHHDUO\$OSLQH VWUXFWXUHVIRUPHGEHIRUHWKHGHSRVLWLRQRIWKH3ULDERQLDQDJHQXPPXOLWLFOLPHVWRQHFDQ EHGHÀQHGDQGDUHEULHÁ\GHVFULEHGEHORZ 6KHDU VHQVH KDYH EHHQ GHGXFHG RQ PHVRVFRSLF DQG PLFURVFRSLF VFDOH XVLQJ FULWHULD SURSRVHG E\ 6LPSVRQ DQG 6FKPLG 

(234)  3DVVFKLHU DQG 7URZ 

(235)  LQ FRPELQDWLRQZLWKWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKHPRGHORIFDOFLWHWH[WXUHHYROXWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQ FKDSWHURIWKLVWKHVLV (DUO\$OSLQHVWUXFWXUHV 3UH3ULDERQLDQFRPSUHVVLYHGHIRUPDWLRQKDVEHHQUHFRJQL]HGLQVHYHUDOSODFHV ZLWKLQWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIHLWKHUDVLQYHUWHG0HVR]RLFJUDEHQV /D]DUUHHWDO6XH HWDO/HPRLQHHWDO

(236) RUDVWKUXVWLQJWKDWDIIHFWVWKHFU\VWDOOLQHEDVHPHQWDQG LWV0HVR]RLFFRYHU )RUG

(237) 7KH$LOHIURLGHV\QFOLQH ÀJVDQG

(238) DWWKHHDVWHUQ ULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLILVLQWHUSUHWHGDVDQLQLWLDOSDOHRJUDEHQLQYHUWHGGXULQJWKLV HDUO\$OSLQHSKDVH /HPRLQHHWDODQGQH[WVHVVLRQ

(239) $FFRUGLQJWR/D]DUUHHWDO 

(240) 6XHHWDO 

(241) /HPRLQHHWDO 

(242) LQYHUVLRQRFFXUUHGGXULQJWKH´3\UHQHR 3URYHQFDOµSKDVHRIGHIRUPDWLRQDOVRNQRZQDVWKH´HDUO\$OSLQHµVWDJH 7KLVHDUO\$OSLQHVWDJHFODVVLFDOO\GLYLGHGLQD3UH6HQRQLDQ 7XURQLDQ

(243) SKDVH 6LGGDQV'HEUDQG3DVVDUGHWDO)ODQGULQ'HEHOPDV

(244) IROORZHG E\D/DWH&UHWDFHRXVWR/DWH(RFHQH3\UHQHDQ3URYHQoDOSKDVH )ODQGULQ*UDKDP *RJXHO/HPRLQH

(245) SURGXFHGHDVWZHVWWUHQGLQJVWUXFWXUHVZHOOYLVLEOH LQWKHWKLFN0HVR]RLFVHTXHQFHVRIWKH'LRLVDQG%DURQQLHVUHJLRQV *UDWLHUHWDO 6LGGDQV

(246)  7KHVWUXFWXUHVUHVXOWLQJIURPWKH3\UHQHDQ3URYHQFDOSKDVHDUHDOVRZHOOYLVLEOH LQWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQPDSRIWKHVXEVWUDWHWRWKH7HUWLDU\IRUHODQGEDVLQGHSRVLWLRQIURP. .

(247) 

(248) GR. &+$37(5. 3"&. ,E-ONETIERLESBAINS. $ATA6ALLONDU 'RAND4ABUC $ATA2OMANCHE VALLEY. -ONTAGNEDES!GNEAUX. '4 0RO FIL. ETR ACE. " ". g. $ATA2AVINDELA -ONTAGNOLLE. 2OCHERDELg9RET. 2'3. -3. 0ICDELg%YCHAUDA. $AUPHINOISDOMAIN .UMMULITICSUCCESSION 0RIABONIAN *URASSICCOVER 4RIASSICCOVER #OMBEYNOT0EYRONDES#LAUX BASEMENTUNIT 0ELVOUXCRISTALLINE BASEMENT. 

(249) GR $ATA#RÐTEDES 'RANGETTES. 0ENNINICDOMAIN 3UBRIAN¥ONNAIS"RIAN¥ONNAIS UNDIFFERENTIATED. #IMEDU0AILLON. 0RO FIL. ETR ACE. ! !. 7.7DIRECTEDTHRUSTS24. g. 3TEREOPLOTS 0OLESTOFOLIATION 3TRETCHINGLINEATIONS. 1 KM. 0ICDELg%YCHAUDA. !3 $ATA2AVINDELA 0LAINEDE3T*EAN. "&. )LJXUH  6WUXFWXUDO PDS RI WKH HDVWHUQ ULP RI WKH 3HOYRX[ PDVVLI $6 $LOHIURLGH V\QFOLQH %) %ULDQoRQQDLVIURQW*6*UDQJHWWHVVOLFH*7*UDQG7DEXFYDOOH\060RQWDJQROOHVOLFH505DYLQGH OD0RQWDJQROOHYDOOH\6%)6XEULDQoRQQDLVIURQW

(250) 7KH&RPEH\QRW3H\URQGHV&ODX[XQLWLVFRQVLGHUHG DVDVHSDUDWHEDVHPHQWVOLFHIRXQGLQDKLJKHUVWUXFWXUDOSRVLWLRQFRPSDUHGWRWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIVHQVXV VWULFWR6HHWH[WIRUGLVFXVVLRQ. .

(251) &+$37(5 5DYHQQHHWDO 

(252) 7KHRYHUDOOVHQVHRIWUDQVSRUWGXULQJWKLVFRPSUHVVLRQDOSKDVHLV WRSWRWKHQRUWK $FFRUGLQJ WR )RUG 

(253)  WKH ´3\UHQHDQµ SKDVH LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH HDUO\ H[KXPDWLRQRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI7KHFRQGHQVHG0HVR]RLFFRYHUVHULHVRI3HOYRX[DWWKH ´&UrWHGHV*UDQJHWWHVµ ÀJ

(254) UHÁHFWWKLVHDUO\H[KXPDWLRQRIWKHPDVVLI *LGRQ 'HEHOPDVDQG.HUFNKRYH/HPRLQHHWDO

(255) 0RUHRYHULQFUHDVLQJH[KXPDWLRQ DQGHURVLRQRI0HVR]RLFVHULHVIURPWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLILQWKH6RXWKWRWKH3HOYRX[ PDVVLILQWKH1RUWKSURYLGHGDFRQWLQXRXVROGHUVXEVWUDWXPIRUWKH7HUWLDU\QXPPXOLWLF WUDQVJUHVVLRQ +DXJ5DYHQQHHWDO

(256)  'VWUXFWXUHV :KDWLVUHIHUUHGKHUHDV´'µFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHÀUVWSKDVHRIGHIRUPDWLRQWKDW DIIHFWHGWKH'DXSKLQRLVXQLWVDIWHUWKH´3\UHQHR3URYHQFDOSKDVHµGXULQJ2OLJRFHQHWR (DUO\0LRFHQHWLPHV1RWHKRZHYHUWKDWLWFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHWKLUGSKDVHDIIHFWLQJWKH 3HQQLQLF 6XE%ULDQoRQQDLV DQG %ULDQoRQQDLV XQLWV VHH FRUUHODWLRQ WDEOH LQ &HULDQL HW DO&HULDQL 6FKPLG

(257) ,WLVWKHPDMRUGHIRUPDWLRQSKDVHHQFRXQWHUHGLQWKH LQYHVWLJDWHGDUHDVLQFHLWLVUHODWHGWRWKHWKUXVWLQJDORQJWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVW2OLJRFHQH WR/RZHU0LRFHQHRXWRIVHTXHQFHWKUXVW &HULDQLHWDO

(258) %DVHGRQWKHFRQVWDQWO\ :1:GLUHFWHGNLQHPDWLFLQGLFDWRUVPHDVXUHGGLUHFWO\DORQJWHFWRQLFFRQWDFWVDVVRFLDWHG ZLWKWKH5RVHOHQGWKUXVWDQGRUGHGXFHGIURPWKHDQDO\VLVRIFDOFLWHXOWUDP\ORQLWHVIRXQG LQWKHLUGLUHFWIRRWZDOO VHHFKDSWHU

(259) LWEHFRPHVFOHDUWKDWWKH57EHFRPHVDPDOJDPDWHG ZLWK WKH IURQWDO WKUXVW RI WKH 6XEULDQoRQQDLV XQLWV VRXWK RI WKH 5RFKHU GH O·<UHW SHDN ÀJVDQG

(260) 7KHJHRORJ\RIWKH<UHWPDVVLIZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGLQPRUHGHWDLOV ZKHQ GHVFULELQJ WKH FURVV VHFWLRQV VHVVLRQ 

(261)  7KH 'DXSKLQRLV GRPDLQ UHGXFHG WR VRPHKXQGUHGPHWHUVLQWKLFNQHVVVXIIHUHGH[WUHPHODPLQDWLRQDVDWWHVWHGE\LPSUHVVLYH P\ORQLWLVDWLRQ RI WKH QXPPXOLWLF OLPHVWRQH IRUPDWLRQ VHH FKDSWHU 

(262) $OO VKHDU VHQVH LQGLFDWRUVIRXQGLQWKLVDUHDLPPHGLDWHO\VRXWKRIWKHRQHLQYHVWLJDWHGE\&HULDQLHWDO 

(263) VKRZDWRSWR:1:VHQVHRIVKHDULQJ )XUWKHU VRXWK WKH 57 WKHQ MRLQV WKH EDVDO FRQWDFW RI WKH 5RFKH &KDUQLqUH XQLW EHORZ WKH ´7rWH G·2UpDFµ VXPPLW DW WKH HQWUDQFH RI WKH )RXUQHO YDOOH\ ÀJV  DQG 

(264) 7KH XQGHUO\LQJ &KDPSVDXU VDQGVWRQHV GLSSLQJ SDUDOOHO WR WKH 57 VHH FURVV VHFWLRQGHVFULSWLRQ

(265) GHYHORSVDSHQHWUDWLYHIROLDWLRQZHOOYLVLEOHDWWKHFRQWDFWZLWKWKH XQGHUO\LQJ*ORELJHULQDPDUOVXQLW7KHXSSHUSDUWRIWKH3ULDERQLDQ*ORELJHULQDPDUOV RIWHQVKRZVDÀUVWVFKLVWRVLW\6WKDWLVVXESDUDOOHOWRWKH6EHGGLQJSODQHVRIWKHVH VDQGVWRQHOHYHOV ÀJ

(266) ,QWKLQVHFWLRQLWDSSHDUVWKDW6LVFRPSRVHGE\DOWHUQDWLQJ FRDUVHOD\HUVIRUPHGE\FDOFLWHFU\VWDOVDQGPRUHGHWULWLFDOOHYHOV:HLQWHUSUHWWKLV6. .

(267) &+$37(5 7.7. %3%. 7.7. %3%. 7.7. %3%. 7.7. %3%. A. B. 3B. C. 7.7. D. 7.7. %3%. %3%. 3B. E. 7.7. %3%. F. 7.7. %3%. 3B H. G. )LJXUH  0HVR DQG PLFURVFRSLF VKHDU VHQVH LQGLFDWRUV IRXQG DORQJ VWULNH RI WKH 5RVHOHQG WKUXVW DQG LQGLFDWLQJ WRS:1: GLUHFWHG PRYHPHQWV VDPSOHV DQG RXWFURSV IURP WKH 5RFKHU GHO·<UHWVKHDU]RQH DDQGE

(268) WKH2UpDFPDVVLI FDQGG

(269) WKH%ULDQoRQQDLVIURQWVRXWKRIWKH 5pRWLHUORFDOLW\ HDQGI

(270) DQGWKH6XEULDQoRQQDLVIURQWDWWKHUHDURIWKH$UJHQWHUDPDVVLI JDQGK

(271)  UHVSHFWLYHO\

(272) 1RUPDOWKLQVHFWLRQV PLFURPHWHUVWKLFNQHVV

(273) REVHUYHGXQGHUFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV 7KHPDFURVFRSLFIROLDWLRQ6DLVKRUL]RQWDO $GHWDLOHGYLHZRIDV\PPHWULFDOO\ERXGLQDJHGFDOFLWHYHLQVLVJLYHQLQE

(274) DQGK

(275)  3KRWRPLFURJUDSKV RI GLIIHUHQW FDOFLWLF PDUEOHV VKRZLQJ DV\PPHWULF FDOFLWH SUHVVXUH IULQJHV GHYHORSHG DW WKH ULP RI GHWULWDO TXDUW] JUDLQV D F DQG H

(276)  DQG REOLTXH JUDLQ VKDSH SUHIHUUHG RULHQWDWLRQ 6E

(277) ZLWKLQWKHG\QDPLFDOO\UHFU\VWDOOLVHGPDWUL[ GIDQGJ

(278) . .

(279) &+$37(5 OD\HULQJWRKDYHUHVXOWHGIURPSUHVVXUHVROXWLRQDQGUHGHSRVLWLRQSURFHVVHVGHYHORSHG GXULQJWKH'GHIRUPDWLRQSKDVH. 3HORIZONTAL 3. 3. 0ELLITERICHBEDS CM. #ALCITICBEDS. )LJXUH3KRWRPLFURJUDSKVRIDKDQGVSHFLPHQWDNHQIURPWKHJORELJHULQDPDUOVOHYHOLQWKH)RXUQHO YDOOH\2YHUSULQWLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVRID'IROLDWLRQUHODWHGWRWKHWRS:1:GLUHFWHGWKUXVWLQJSKDVHE\' IROGLQJOLQNHGZLWKWRS6:GLUHFWHGWUDQVSRUWVDUHREVHUYHG. +HQFHWKLVFRQÀUPVWKHK\SRWKHVLVSURSRVHGE\&HULDQLHWDO 

(280) SURSRVLQJ WKDWWKH57MRLQVWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVIURQW %)

(281) DVGHÀQHGE\7ULFDUW 

(282) IXUWKHU WRWKHVRXWKDQGDWWKHUHDURIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HQDSSHVWDFNJLYHQWKHLPSUHVVLYH DPRXQW RI GHIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH IURQWDO %ULDQoRQQDLV XQLWV VXFK DV IRU H[DPSOH DW WKH 5pRWLHU ORFDOLW\ ÀJ  DQG VHH FKDSWHU 

(283) $OO VKHDU VHQVH LQGLFDWRUV IRXQG LQ FORVH YLFLQLW\RIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVIURQWVRXWKRIWKH5pRWLHUORFDOLW\DUHFRQVLVWHQWZLWK:1: (6(GLUHFWHGWUDQVSRUW ÀJ

(284)  )XUWKHUWRWKHVRXWKZHSURSRVHWKDWWKH57SURSDJDWHVLQWRWKH´FRPSOH[HGH EDVHµ .HUFNKRYH

(285) XQLWRIWKH(PEUXQDLV8ED\HÁ\VFKVHULHVLQWKHRYHUWXUQHGOLPE RIDPHJDIROGZKLFKIRUPHGWKHLPPHGLDWHIRRWZDOORIWKH57LQRUGHUWRÀQDOO\MRLQ DJDLQWKHIURQWRIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVDQG6XEULDQoRQQDLVXQLWVDWWKHQRUWKHDVWHUQULPRIWKH $UJHQWHUDPDVVLI VHHÀJXUH

(286) ,QGHHGVKHDUEDQGVGLVVHFWLQJDFDOFDUHRXVÁ\VFKXQLWRI WKH6XEULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQLQGLFDWH:1:GLUHFWHGVHQVHRIWUDQVSRUWDIHDWXUHFRQÀUPHG E\DV\PPHWULFDOO\ERXGLQDJHGFDOFLWLFYHLQVIRXQGLQP\ORQLWHVRI6XEULDQoRQQDLVRULJLQ ÀJ

(287) $VVHHQRQWKHVWHUHRSORWVSUHVHQWHGLQÀJXUHDOOPHDVXUHG'VWUHWFKLQJ. .

(288) &+$37(5 OLQHDWLRQVDUHQHDUO\KRUL]RQWDO7KHFRUUHVSRQGLQJIROLDWLRQSODQHVDUHKRZHYHUDOZD\V IRXQG LQ D VWHHS RULHQWDWLRQ 7KLV LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH GLVSODFHPHQW DORQJ WKLV VWUXFWXUH SUHGRPLQDQWO\WRRNSODFHE\VLQLVWUDOVWULNHVOLSZLWKLQDGHIRUPDWLRQ]RQHDWWKHUHDURI WKH$UJHQWHUD PDVVLI DV DOUHDG\ GRFXPHQWHG E\ /DXEVFKHU 

(289)  *XLOODXPH 

(290)  5LFRX 

(291) /HIHYUH 

(292) VRFDOOHG´&RXORLUGHOD6WXUDµRI5LFRXDQG6LGGDQV *LJOLD7KLVVLQLVWUDOVHQVHRIVKHDUKDVEHHQLQGHSHQGHQWO\FRQÀUPHGE\PLFURIDEULF DQDO\VLVRIFDOFLWHXOWUDP\ORQLWHVRI%ULDQoRQQDLVRULJLQSUHVHQWHGLQFKDSWHU 'VWUXFWXUHV 7KLV VHFRQG PDMRU GHIRUPDWLRQ SKDVH UHFRUGHG ZLWKLQ WKH LQYHVWLJDWHG DUHD UHVXOWVLQ6:GLUHFWHGPRYHPHQWVWKDWRYHUSULQWWKHWRS:1:'GHIRUPDWLRQIHDWXUHV DQGZKLFKDUHPLVVLQJQRUWKRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLI*RLQJVRXWKZDUGHYLGHQFHRIWRS 6:GHIRUPDWLRQLVIRXQGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKHHDVWHUQVORSHVRIWKH0RQWEULVRQPDVVLI NLORPHWUHVVRXWKRIWKH5RFKHUGHO·<UHW ÀJ

(293) +HUHWKHH[WHUQDO3HQQLQLFXQLWVDUH FOHDUO\GLVVHFWHGE\WZRVXEYHUWLFDOWHFWRQLFFRQWDFWVWKDWEULQJWKHHQWLUH6XEULDQoRQQDLV DQG%ULDQoRQQDLVGRPDLQVLQWRGLUHFWFRQWDFWZLWKWKH3ULDERQLDQGHWULWDOÁ\VFK7KHVH VWUXFWXUHVHYLGHQFHGE\*LGRQ 

(294) %UDYDUGDQG*LGRQFOHDUO\UHSUHVHQW GH[WUDOVWULNHVOLS IDXOWV WKDWRIIVHW WKH 57DQGZKLFKGLH RXWLQ WKH&KDPSVDXU Á\VFK ÀJ

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ÀJ 

(296)  8QDPELJXRXV WRS6: GLUHFWHG VKHDUEDQGV %VWUXFWXUHVRI%UJLVVHU

(297) DUHZLGHVSUHDG ÀJ

(298) DQGDVWURQJ6: 1(RULHQWHGPLQHUDOOLQHDWLRQLVGHYHORSHGZLWKLQWKHSODQHVRIDSHQHWUDWLYHIROLDWLRQ DIIHFWLQJWKHJORELJHULQDPDUOV,QWKLQVHFWLRQDV\PPHWULFFDOFLWHDQGRUTXDUW]ÀOOHG SUHVVXUHVKDGRZVGHYHORSHGDURXQGS\ULWHFU\VWDOVFOHDUO\LQGLFDWHDWRSWR6:GLUHFWHG VKHDU ÀJ

(299) . .

(300) &+$37(5 37. .%. 37. .%. 37. .%. 37. .%. 37. .%. 37. .%. A. B. D. C. 3B. F. E 3TEREOPLOTS 0OLESTOFOLIATION 3TRETCHINGLINEATIONS. 3TRUCTURALDATA&OURNELVALLEY. 3TRUCTURALDATA$ORMILLOUSE VALLEY. )LJXUH0HVRDQGPLFURVFRSLFVKHDUVHQVHLQGLFDWRUVIRXQGZLWKLQWKHEDVDOGHFROOHPHQW OHYHORIWKH7HUWLDU\VHGLPHQWDU\VXFFHVVLRQLQERWKWKH)RXUQHO FG

(301) DQG'RUPLOORXVH DE HDQGI

(302) YDOOH\V7KHLQIHUUHGVHQVHRIWUDQVSRUWLVWRS6: VHHVWHUHRSORWV

(303) $OOWKLQVHFWLRQV DUHFXWSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHPDFURVFRSLFIROLDWLRQ KRUL]RQWDOLQÀJXUHVFGHDQGI

(304) DQG REVHUYHGXQGHUFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV D

(305) DV\PPHWULFDOO\ERXGLQDJHGFDOFLWLFYHLQV E

(306) WRS6:GLUHFWHGVKHDUEDQGVGLVVHFWLQJWKHJORELJHULQDPDUOIRUPDWLRQ F

(307)  G

(308)  DQG H

(309)  DV\PPHWULF FDOFLWH SUHVVXUH IULQJHV GHYHORSHG DW WKH ULP RI GHWULWDO TXDUW] JUDLQV I

(310) REOLTXHJUDLQVKDSHSUHIHUUHGRULHQWDWLRQ 6E

(311) REVHUYHGZLWKLQDQHQWLUHO\UHFU\VWDOOL]HG QXPPXOLWLFOLPHVWRQHVSHFLPHQ. .

(312) &+$37(5 (YLGHQFHV IRU 6:GLUHFWHG PRYHPHQWV RYHUSULQWLQJ HDUOLHU WRS1: GLUHFWHG 'VWUXFWXUHVKDYHEHHQIRXQGDWWKHFRQWDFWEHWZHHQJORELJHULQDPDUOVDQG&KDPSVDXU Á\VFK)LJXUHSURYLGHVPLFURVWUXFWXUDOHYLGHQFHUHJDUGLQJVXFKRYHUSULQWLQJVWUXFWXUHV UHOLFWVRIFDOFLWHSUHVVXUHIULQJHVGHYHORSHGDWWKHULPRIS\ULWHFU\VWDOVPDWHULDOL]HDQROG 11:66(RULHQWHG'OLQHDWLRQRYHUSULQWHGE\ODWHU'1(6:RULHQWHGVWULDWLRQV$ 37. .%. 37. .%. 2ELICTSOF$LINEATION. $MAINLINEATION. )LJXUH'UHODWHGFDOFLWHSUHVVXUHIULQJHVRYHUSULQWHGE\'1(6:RULHQWHGVWULDWLRQV. VXSHUSRVLWLRQRI'GHIRUPDWLRQIHDWXUHVRQHDUOLHU'VWUXFWXWHVLVDOVRREVHUYDEOHLQ ÀJXUH7KH6D[LDOSODQDUFOHDYDJHRIFKHYURQW\SHIROGVVXFKDVWKRVHIRXQGLQ WKH)RXUQHOYDOOH\FOHDUO\RYHUSULQWVDQHDUOLHUFRPSRVLWH6IROLDWLRQUHODWHGWR' WKUXVWLQJ :HFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHIROGLQJRIWKH&KDPSVDXUÁ\VFKFRYHUDWWKHVRXWKHDVWHUQ ULPRIWKH3HOYRX[PDVVLIZDVLQGXFHGE\WKHRQVHWRI6:GLUHFWHGVKHDULQJ7KHDPRXQWV RIGLVSODFHPHQWDFFRPPRGDWHGE\IROGLQJRIWKH7HUWLDU\FRYHULQFUHDVHIURPQRUWKWR VRXWK7KLVLVUHÁHFWHGE\DQHYROXWLRQRIIROGLQJVW\OHIURPRSHQW\SHIROGVDWWKHHDVWHUQ VORSHVRIWKH/D%ODQFKHPDVVLINLORPHWUHVHDVWRI0RQWEULVRQPDVVLIWRFKHYURQW\SH IROGV LQ WKH )RXUQHO DQG 'RUPLOORXVH YDOOH\V ÀJ 

(313)  7KLV LQFUHDVH LQ VKRUWHQLQJ LV FRPSDWLEOHZLWKDQGLQGXFHGE\WKHDFWLYLW\RIWKHGH[WUDOVWULNHVOLS]RQHVGLVVHFWLQJWKH 57 VHHDERYH

(314) 7KLVVWULNHVOLSQHWZRUNWKHUHIRUHDFWVDVDWUDQVIHU]RQHDOORZLQJIRU GHFRXSOLQJRIWKHGRPDLQQRUWKRIWKH3HOYRX[DUHDIURPDGRPDLQVRXWKRIWKLVPDVVLI 6WUXFWXUHVUHODWHGWR6:GLUHFWHGPRYHPHQWVKDYHRQO\EHHQIRXQGZLWKLQWKH 'DXSKLQRLVGRPDLQ7KH\SRVWGDWHWKHWKUXVWLQJRIWKH%ULDQoRQQDLVDQG6XEULDQoRQQDLV XQLWVDORQJWKH57 ([FHSW IRU VWULNH VOLS IDXOWLQJ DIIHFWLQJ WKH 5RFKH &KDUQLqUH DQG &KDPSFHOOD %ULDQoRQQDLVH[WHUQDOQDSSHVQRHYLGHQFHRI'KDVEHHQIRXQGZLWKLQWKH%ULDQoRQQDLV GRPDLQ,QVWHDGWKHLQWHUQDO%ULDQoRQQDLVVRXWKRI3HOYRX[LVDIIHFWHGE\PDMRUEDFNIROGV DQGEDFNWKUXVWVWKDWSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHRYHUDOOVWUXFWXUHRIWKLVGRPDLQ7KH\. .

(315) &+$37(5 FRUUHVSRQGWRWKHODWH´7HFWRQLTXH,9µSKDVHGHVFULEHGE\7ULFDUW 

(316) $FFRUGLQJ WRWKHPRGHORI7ULFDUW 

Références

Documents relatifs

• all processes taking place within the system must be reversible. • the state of the fluids discharged from the system must be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surroundings.

Consequently, the Priabonian flysch is presently found within two major tectonic units: the internal Cheval Noir unit, floored by a Briançonnais substra- tum and the external

Les critères qui composent la méthodologie d’une méta-analyse dé- coulent en grande partie de l’évaluation que certains auteurs ont fait de méta-analyses publiées dans diver-

2 In the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), previous studies have suggested that the

[ 18 ] Seismic noise spectra measured on the column show a predominant low frequency which fluctuates with time and seems to decrease before the rock fall.. To study these fre-

Assessing exhumation and relief development in the Pelvoux and Dora-Maira massifs (western Alps) from spectral analysis and in-.. version of thermochronological age

In contrast to the Arolla Series (Dent Blanche s.s. nappe) and to the Lower Unit (Mont Mary nappe) and Cuney and Becca di Sale´ slices, the main lithologies of the Roisan Zone show

Les végétaux supérieurs ont un fort coefficient de réflexion dans la partie proche infrarouge du spectre du rayonnement envoyé par le soleil. 37) que la plupart des Angio- spermes