أعلام الفتوى والنوازل في منطقة توات بالجنوب الغربي للجزائر بين القرنيين 12 و14 الهجريين

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(77) \ ¯ &8r$ ") ,f8B$ s7Pe <Z , 12 t IQK j @ tZ$e #$% " &7 #SQ) :A 0)R ¥<P F2 F75 Ë ,2009 , C t$ . F407 ,406Ë Ë ,62001 ,#H ,<Z| <Z ,<0\5 Ji <*5 J8 9 . < &0° :&$' F3. &)P'! ,$e $7 , 16 :; 12 78 X f (i! ,6) 78 `8<% :t KÁ #F E7 F4 F671Ë ,61988 ,#H ,&77$h. <Z ,2{ ,ÉK5 (^_ ,Rn (^_ &¼ % ,78 ; c| : 8 T t$7 tB$ (^_ eV F5. @ @ ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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(80) א א‬. 336. F133 Ë 2 ,61983 ,t P ,#H ,Q\T N @ ,tÁ R , t7\ Z ?µ0 (7)\ Z 7° ,61663 61661 &7y7) &n :7) (^_ (P F6. FG() 79 Ë ,1 ,2006 ,(-! &7 ) #<T ,f8B$ A(8$e <Z ,1{ :; &7 ) ¼ % ,&7<( tZ$e &78 zy . $95 &n< :$95 8( V F7 . ,<X g-‫ﺑ‬X ] . GZ<X , ()\ 1\ $‫ﺑ‬X &7 ) :; ¼ % ,t$\Z$GF N 678 &8 7i r F258 ,257 Ë Ë ,61990 ,t P #H ,Q\T N @ <Z ,2{ ,2 , C `8<%. , C ,&7 " ,/( <Z , 14 t :; 9 t QX # $% `8<% . MP :A (7^V (P F8 F75 ,74 Ë Ë ,62005. F62Ë :]e0 F9 , Z$^_ 7° ,~7' ¯ <PKX . ~7eP I$ :(7n 17n (P V J7' (^_ F10 :18 (P (^_ F27 Ë ,`8<% t(F C ,N &7 $ &e\! &7)C #$P'! t$8Z. F18Ë ,e {$'¢! & K ,{$' :6Q\T () N @! <PKX . 6QS5 <Z :'7' ^ V (P 18 (P (^_ F11 F75Ë ,e fR ! :A (7^V (P F19Ë , C ,<<ZX ,6\$. F31 Ë ,e <(*! ,(7n F12 F19Ë ,e {$'¢! :18 (P (^_ F13 6T JGM . 2e! s\X " t$ ) N ] ,¹ JGM! (^X (nX :s7K `7a F14 F"2. F32 ,30 Ë Ë ,e {$'¢! ,18 (P (^_ F15 F18 Ë ,]e0 F16 ,1S< tZ ,{$' ,($ ($ "¢7a # (Q c ' : <¢! (7\ (^_ F17. F144 ,141 Ë ,1 , C ,<<Z ,j @ V ,?7@! <Z (P `7a & K 18. 18. Bernard saffroy: chronique du Touat, centre saharienne, Ghardaïa, Algérie, 1994. P8. ,N @! x(5 &78 ; sGX A N @! fC N )! <7)! :8 $ k7 (§X F19 FG() 214Ë ,2 ,61981 ,&7 @! &^! ,&7Q\T ta ©S5 <B. <Z (P A(7\ `7a & K ,N$* 0 Z< . N' s* :?7@! 18 (P (^_ : X F20. F C ,<<Z ,j @ V ,?7@! ?7@! <Z (P `7a & ¢ &¢e ,1S< tZ ~7' ^ &8 P & {$'¢! &¢e (R$% F21. (P 7° 18(% ,Z$7 . &\< :?7@! 18 (P (^_ : X L±X F1S< tZ <<Z ,j @ V F2005 ,N @! ,{ ,© S jX <Z ,1{ ,H^ ^ Zn 17n . &7 $ &e\! ,, -* N$ R 78 ; . j<5 H‫& ﺛ‬7 ) <LV :&8ZB <Z (P : 8 F22 FG() 151 Ë ,1989 , C ,N. F¥Q ]Pn| 4 ©u $G X ,©¶ I$K( ]Pn| ()SX $G :©$¢! ® ! F23 #Z) #$'¢! <hv 6Q5 ¤) M #$% &' :; &7) &n :) A (^_ F24. ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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(83) א א‬ F86 Ë2 ,62005 , C ,]$G <Z , tÁ R ,#C #$% ~ 8 FG() 99 Ë 2 ,]e0 F25. s^) (S ,& 7) / KX &Pe X I$*-! xÅ s ]7 s^)7 ]Pn| 4 teP MK8 $G F26 L±X ½ s@e%

(84) / KX &'aX X <i &\<^ D<5 ¥Q I@yr #$% . &8 ' M½. F8 ©S5 D<X FA(8

(85) ° &¢e ,{$'¢! M è (8() (R$% F27

(86) \ EQ7 ^ t§ (P `7a `8a , ¤) 1R % :EQ7 ^ t§ (P F28 F31Ë , C ,<<Z ,tQ % & K ,EQ7 . F&07-| X &S< F29 F31 Ë ,e {$'¢! :EQ7 ^ t§ (P F30 C ,]$G <Z ,1{ ,EQ7 ^ t§ (P `7a 7n &¼ % . E( *@ :) A (^_ F31. FG() 40 Ë ,2004 tS 0 &e\ ,28$ G t$R 7° ,8Hi7 tZ‫ﺑ‬X &)R &P #$' [ :(^_ x $8 : X F32 7° , Z &8Hi7 &7$ h$ <Z #$' [ :]e0 F61997 ,t( ,Q\T g. #$' [ ,<(7n <Z (P F62001 ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0 &e\ ,28$ G t$R ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0 &e\ ,(7\ Z ^±X 8 ° ,h$ #$'¢^ <(7n &P g$-P 7h$ (§X #$' [ :"7P! &$^p FG() 7Ë 1 ,62000. fS$ F1997 ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0 &e\ ,[P) e-! (P 8 ° ,$P^ &7u<. t<G &P 8 T N @ #P 1G5 ,{$' 21000 &\ 1L8 78 X N 9 #$' & 0_ z $7\ &P ,~aS$ &7^) g$-P E8<$! ()! &P ,7 8<$

(87) ^7%$ 8(7\ , i7 7 &7 e T 6$) . g$-P () ,&78 5 (-! #8r$ . t\ g<$ &)i. :4 Â FGH9FFFFF$P^ (§X `7a. "&)^C Q| . /$" {$' 23 4 &5 http:// http://www ://www. www.westafricanmanuscripts. westafricanmanuscripts.org/ org/default. default.php. F22355 :1S< $P &7u< g$-P 7h$ (§X . (R$8 Ä$ 2 (^-! F31 Ë ,e {$'¢! : ^ t§ (P F33 617391152 # EQ7 <Z (P ^ `7a G (*8 F34. F34 Ë :]e0 F35 ,6\$ & K ,E c5 , c8 )% . E)! G$R :'7' ^ V (P 18 (P (^_ F36 F05Ë ,e {$'¢! :EQ7 ^ <Z (P (^_ ,() 07Ë , C ,<<Z 93Ë ,e fR ! :A (7^V (P ,128Ë ,1 ,e fR ! ,&7) &n :) A (^_ F37. FG() 67 Ë ,e fR ! :A (7^V (P F43 Ë ,e {$'¢! ,E)! G$R :18 (P (^_ F38. FG() &7 $ &e\! ,HP (^_ `7a sL . HP T :A79 Ar$ F39 @ @ ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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(90) א א‬. 338. 99 95 Ë Ë e fR ! :A (7^V (P F2002 C ,<yT HP (^_ A(7\ `7a ,I5 $ k! IX ,HP `7a ( /$0 :A V (P F40 ,62010 t$R 24 23 1431 JR< 11 10 <<Z ,]¢7\ % . &' ! , Z$R ¹ JGM! F223 Ë. F225 ,224 Ë Ë :]e0 F41 (^_ A(7\ `7a I5 $ k! IX ,¶ 6Q `7a &SQ :A79 Ar$ F42 F9, 8 Ë Ë ,e fR ! ,HP. F225 ,224 Ë ,e fR !:A V (P F43 F2009 s8 18 `8< <<ZX k0ae . `7a f &70y & F44 F G() 401 Ë ,2 ,\ fR ,&7) &n , ) A (^_ F45 ) A `7a & K . &¢e ,6\$ & K . &¢e #$% K . è (8( ] (R$% F46. Fc Fc ) A `7a & ¢ Z$R$ {$'¢! F47 F) A `7a & K . &¢e (R$% F48 F^7 (P) & K . &¢e ,c ) A `7a & K . &¢e (R$% F49 F31 Ë , C ,<<Z ,6\$ & K ,17S % t( ,{$' ,AQR IB$ :AQR ) (^_ F50 F206 Ë :; 204 Ë ,e fR ! ,**K i &7%$ IB$ :AZ R (^_ F51 &7 @ se! 8L #$ fS 7 se (*! &7 9 :t KÁ zPP t§ (P (^_ F52. F12 Ë , C ,<<Z ,& $ & K ,17S % tZ ,{$' , &7PP F85 ,84 Ë Ë ,1 ,e <(*! ,7) (^_ (P F53 F31 Ë ,e {$'¢! :AQR ) (^_ F54 :fR ! <Z*! &^S. ,N @! x(5 &78 ; sGX A N @! fC N )! <7)! ,8 $ k7 (§X − F61981 ,&7 @! &^! ,&7Q\T ta ©S5 <B. . &' ! , Z$R ¹ JGM! HP (^_ A(7\ `7a I5 $ k! IX − F62010 t$R 24 23 1431 JR< 11 10 <<Z ,]¢7\ % &e\ ,28$ G t$R 7° , Z &8Hi7 &7$ h$ <Z #$' [ :(^_ x $8 − F62001 ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0. g tS 0 &e\ ,28$ G t$R 7° ,8Hi7 tZ‫ﺑ‬X &)R &P #$' [ :(^_ x $8 − F61997 ,t( ,Q\T. F62001 ,#H ,<Z| <Z ,<0\5 Ji <*5 J8 9 . < &0° :&$' −. :; &7 ) ¼ % ,&7<( tZ$e &78 zy . $95 &n< :$95 8( V − . ,<X g-‫ﺑ‬X ] . GZ<X , ()\ 1\ $‫ﺑ‬X &7 ) :; ¼ % ,t$\Z$GF N 678 &8 7i r ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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(93) א א‬. F61990 ,t P #H ,Q\T N @ <Z ,2{ ,2 , C `8<% <Z ,2{ ,ÉK5 (^_ ,Rn (^_ &¼ % ,78 ; c| : 8 T t$7 tB$ (^_ eV −. F61983 ,t P ,#H ,Q\T N @ , C &7 " ,/( <Z , 14 t :; 9 t QX #$% `8<% . MP :A (7^V (P −. F62005

(94) \ ,EQ7 ^ t§ (P `7a `8a , ¤) 1R % :EQ7 ^ t§ (P − F C , <<Z ,tQ % & K ,EQ7 . ,N &7 $ &e\! ,, -* N$ R 78 ; . j<5 H‫& ﺛ‬7 ) <LV :&8ZB <Z (P − F1989 , C. ,(7\ Z ^±X 8 ° ,h$ #$'¢^ <(7n &P #$' [ ,<(7n <Z (P − F62000 ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0 &e\. ,tÁ R , t7\ Z ?µ0 (7)\ Z 7° ,61663 1663 61661 &7y7) &n :7) (^_ (P − F2006 ,(-! &7 ) #< ,f8B$ A(8$e <Z ,1{. ,f8B$ s7Pe <Z , 12 t IQK j @ tZ$e # $% " &7 #SQ) :A 0)R ¥<P − F2009 , C t$ . e-! (P 8 ° ,$P^ &7u< g$-P 7h$ (§X #$' [ :"7P! &$^p − F1997 ,t( ,Q\T g tS 0 &e\ ,[P) , Z$^_ 7° ,~7' ¯ <PKX . ~7eP I$ :(7n 17n (P V J7' (^_ −. F`8<% t(F C ,N &7 $ &e\! &7)C #$P'! t$8Z ~ 8 #Z) #$'¢! <hv 6Q5 ¤) M #$% &' :; &7) &n :) A (^_ − F62005 , C ,]$G <Z , tÁ R ,#C #$%. C ,]$G <Z ,1{ ,EQ7 ^ t§ (P `7a 7n &¼ % . E( *@ :) A (^_ − F2004. F C ,<<Z ,6\$ & K ,17S % t( ,{$' ,AQR IB$ :AQR ) (^_ − `7a & K ,{$' ,($ ($ "¢7a # (Q c ' : <¢! (7\ (^_ − F C ,<<Z ,j @ V ,?7@! <Z (P. ,?7@! <Z (P A(7\ `7a & K ,N$* 0 Z< . N' s* :?7@! 18 (P (^_ − F C ,<<Z ,j @ V. jX <Z ,1{ ,H^ ^ Zn 17n (P 7° 18(% ,Z$7 . &\< :?7@! 18 (P (^_ − F2005 ,N @! ,{ ,© S. & K ,{$' :6Q\T () N @! <PKX . 6QS5 <Z :'7' ^ V (P 18 (P (^_ − F C ,<<ZX ,6\$. , 6\$ & K ,E c5 , c8 )% . E)! G$R :'7' ^ V (P 18 (P (^_ − 8L #$ fS 7 se (*! &7 9 :t KÁ zPP t§ (P (^_ − F C ,<<Z. @ @ ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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(97) א א‬. 340. F C ,<<Z ,& $ & K ,17S % t( ,{$' , &7PP &7 @ se! ,<yT &7 $ &e\! ,HP (^_ `7a sL . HP T :A79 Ar$ − ,16 :; 12 78 X f (i! ,6) 78 `8<% :t KÁ #F E7 − ,2002 C F61988 ,#H ,&77$h &)P'! ,$e $7 Bernard saffroy: chronique du Touat, centre saharienne, Ghardaïa, Algérie, 1994. P8-. ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬. Les grands hommes de "Fatoua" et les questions modernes en Touat au sud-ouest de l'Algérie Entre le 12 et 14 siècles de Hidjra. Mobarek DJAAFRI (*)(**). résumé: La région de Touat et parmi les régions les plus connu par son grand nombre de savants Fouqahaa et Oulamaa cela depuis des siècles, et jusqu' aujourd'hui, citant par exemple Abdelkrim El Maghili et Alasnoni, El Jouzi, ... etc. Les bibliothèques privées de la région de Touat contiennent plusieurs livres de Fataoua et Naouazil (législation selon la Chariaa Islamique) comme "El Ghounnia el belbalia" et "Naouazil el Zajlaoui" et "Naouazil el El-jentouri". Quand au savants, réside à Touat aujourd'hui des grands noms de fatoua comme "Cheikh Sidi Mohammed Bellekbir", qui forme lui seul une école indépendante de (Fiqh) et de (Fatoua), cette dernière qui est connu surtout par la tolérance.. --------------------------------------------------------(*). Maître-assistant "A" - Département d'histoire - Faculté des sciences. humaines et sociales - Université d’Adrar (**). Doctorant au Département d'histoire - Faculté des sciences humaines et. sociales - Université d’Alger2. ðŠÐÈu@Ú‰bjß@Nc@&&&&@´íŠv%a 14ë 12@´ãŠÔÛa@í@ŠöaŒvÜÛ@ïiŠÌÛa@lìä¦bi@paìm@òÔİäß@¿@Þ‹aìäÛaë@ôìnÐÛa@âýÇc.

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