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Hydrodynamic Limit for an Active Exclusion Process

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Mémoires

de la SOCIÉTÉ MATHÉMATIQUE DE FRANCE

SOCIÉTÉ MATHÉMATIQUE DE FRANCE

Numéro 169 Nouvelle série

2 0 2 1

HYDRODYNAMIC LIMIT

FOR AN ACTIVE

EXCLUSION PROCESS

C. ERIGNOUX

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Comité de rédaction Christine BACHOC

Yann BUGEAUD François DAHMANI Béatrice de TILLIÈRE Clotilde FERMANIAN

Wendy LOWEN

Laurent MANIVEL Julien MARCHÉ Kieran O’GRADY

Emmanuel RUSS Eva VIEHMANN Marc HERZLICH (dir.)

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ISSN papier 0249-633-X ; électronique : 2275-3230 ISBN 978-2-85629-933-3

doi:10.24033/msmf.477

Directeur de la publication : Fabien DURAND

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MÉMOIRES DE LA SMF 169

HYDRODYNAMIC LIMIT

FOR AN ACTIVE EXCLUSION PROCESS

Clément Erignoux

Société Mathématique de France 2021

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C. Erignoux

Équipe PARADYSE, Bureau B211, Centre INRIA Lille Nord-Europe,

Park Plaza, Parc scientifique de la Haute-Borne, 40 Avenue Halley Bâtiment B, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France.

E-mail :[email protected]

Reçu le 8 juillet 2016, modifié le 29 octobre 2018, accepté le 8 novembre 2019.

2000Mathematics Subject Classification. – 60K35; 82C22.

Key words and phrases. – Statistical physics, Hydrodynamic Limits, Lattice gases, Out-of-equilibrium systems, Non-gradient systems, Exclusion processes.

Mots clefs. – Physique statistique, Limites hydrodynamiques, Gaz sur réseau, Sys- tèmes hors-equilibre, Systèmes non-gradients, Processus d’exclusion.

Acknowledgments. I would first like to warmly thank Thierry Bodineau, my PhD advisor, for his unwavering support and help writing this article. I would also like to thank Jeremy Quastel for his help navigating his original article and solving the spectral gap issue, Claudio Landim for our numerous discussions on the non-gradient techniques, as well as Julien Tailleur for his insight on active matter and MIPS. I would like to thank the anonymous referee, for both the attention given to my work, and for many insightful comments that significantly improved this article. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 Programme, ERC Consolidator GrantUniCoSM (grant agreement no 724939).

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HYDRODYNAMIC LIMIT

FOR AN ACTIVE EXCLUSION PROCESS Clément Erignoux

Abstract. – Collective dynamics can be observed among many animal species, and have given rise in the last decades to an active and interdisciplinary field of study. Such behaviors are often modeled by active matter, in which each individual is self-driven and tends to update its velocity depending on the one of its neighbors.

In a classical model introduced by Vicsek & al., as well as in numerous related active matter models, a phase transition between chaotic behavior at high temperature and global order at low temperature can be observed. Even though ample evidence of these phase transitions has been obtained for collective dynamics, from a mathematical standpoint, such active systems are not fully understood yet. Significant progress has been achieved in the recent years under an assumption of mean-field interactions, however to this day, few rigorous results have been obtained for models involving purely local interactions.

In this paper, as a first step towards the mathematical understanding of active microscopic dynamics, we describe a lattice active particle system, in which particles interact locally to align their velocities. We obtain rigorously, using the formalism developed for hydrodynamic limits of lattice gases, the scaling limit of this out-of- equilibrium system. This article builds on the multi-type exclusion model introduced by Quastel [35] by detailing his proof and incorporating several generalizations, adding significant technical and phenomenological difficulties.

Résumé(Limite hydrodynamique pour un processus d’exclusion actif)

L’étude des dynamiques collectives, observables chez de nombreuses espèces ani- males, a motivé dans les dernières décennies un champ de recherche actif et trans- disciplinaire. De tels comportements sont souvent modélisés par de la matière active, c’est-à-dire par des modèles dans lesquels chaque individu est caractérisé par une vitesse propre qui tend à s’ajuster selon celle de ses voisins.

De nombreux modèles de matière active sont liés à un modèle fondateur proposé en 1995 par Vicsek & al.. Ce dernier, ainsi que de nombreux modèles proches, présentent une transition de phase entre un comportement chaotique à haute température, et un

©Mémoires de la Société Mathématique de France 169, SMF 2021

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