hygIRC benchmarking experimental work

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hygIRC benchmarking experimental work

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HygIRC benchmarking experimental work

Maref, W.

IRC-ORAL-478

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hygIRC

benchmarking experimental work

Presented by

Wahid Maref

On behalf of

MEWS Research Team

Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, Canada

(4)

Research Team

Team Work

•

Daniel Booth ● Mike Lacasse ● Wahid Maref ● Mike Nicholls ● Daniel Perrier ● Yvon Tardif

(5)

Benchmarking

Building practice Q Ideal Wall Climate characterisation Model Simulation hygIRC Output Wetting tests Material properties Benchmarking Response curve --Climate Severity--> --Wall Response--> With leakage in without leakage in

(6)

Outline

•

Objectives - approach

•

Small-, mid- and full-scale

•

Simulations

•

Experiments

•

Results

(7)

Objectives - approach

•

Evaluate drying process of wood-based

components in wood-frame construction

•

Benchmark model (hygIRC) prediction of drying

rate of wood-based components Approach

-•

Establish drying rates for OSB sheathing board alone

-and wrapped in sheathing membrane

•

Monitor total Moisture Content over time

(8)

Benchmarking criteria

If the agreement between the experimental and simulated drying curves is around 5% in terms of drying times as well as the shape of the drying curves derived from the experiments, it is acceptable for practical purposes

(9)

Starting point for the experiments

Moisture Content ? And.. ? ????? Moisture Transport ? Thermal Properties ?

How to conduct a full scale Moisture

(10)

General approach

Step 1 Single Panel -OSB Sheathing a b c de f g h i Outside Step 1

Step 1 Step 2_{Step 2}

Step 3 Step 3 Inside Multi-layer System 1 mm USG Finish 2 mm USG Basecoat

38 x 89 mm Double Top Plate

19 mm OSB Floor 38 x 190 mm Rim Joist 38 x 89 Sill Plate Concrete Foundation

15# Felt Building Paper 12mm Durock 300 mm 247 mm 203 mm 300 mm 2439 mm OUTSIDE INSIDE

12 mm Oriented Strand Board Glass Fibre Insulation 3 mm Cavity Vapour Barrier (6 mil Polyethylene) WALL 2-A Not to Scale Painted Gypsum Board Step 4

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Experimental approach

SIMULATION

Step 2: Mid Scale Step 2: Mid Scale

EXPERIMENT

ANALYSIS & VERIFICATION

SIMULATION

Step 1: Small Scale Step 1: Small Scale

EXPERIMENT

SIMULATION

Step 3: Full Scale Step 3: Full Scale

EXPERIMENT

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EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS & VERIFICATION 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (Days) T o ta l M o is tu re C o n te n t (M C % ) Simulation Experiment SIMULATION-hygIRC

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Hygrothermal analysis

• Finite Volume • Finite Difference • Finite Element Materials properties Materials properties Boundary conditions Boundary conditions • Vapor • Liquid • Phase change • Air flow • Gravity • Density • Thermal conductivity • Vapor permeability • Liquid diffusivity • Sorption • T and %RH • Driving rain intensity • Air pressure • Radiation (solar,...) Numerical Methods Numerical Methods Moisture transport Moisture transport

(14)

Simulations

•

Liquid transport through sheathing membrane

not modeled

•

Air movement not explicitly considered

•

Contact between membrane and OSB

sheathing was assumed to be perfect

•

Initial moisture content of the membrane was

set at 0%

(15)

Experiments — approach / test parameters

•

Temperature and RH inside test chamber

controlled

•

Total weight of specimens obtained from

periodic measurements using weighing system

•

Moisture Content derived from dry weight

measurement

•

Moisture Content from moisture Pins

(Delmhorst)

(16)

Small-scale experiments

•

Objectives

– Material properties (Task 3) – Calibration of MP on OSB

– Technical information for the development of Mid &

(17)

Small-scale experiments

apparatus-Moisture pins calibration on OSB (150x150)

Small-scale experiments

(18)

Small-scale experiments –

Duracrete (300x300)

Small-scale experiments –

Duracrete (300x300)

•

Duracrete (All hygrothermal properties were

determined for the specific product)- 3 specimens

•

Start with a high level of known moisture content

(Total immersion in water for 24 to 36 h)

•

Place in a chamber of constant Temperature, RH

and air flow velocity and allow to dry through the major surfaces

(19)

Small-scale experiments –

Boundary conditions

Small-scale experiments –

Boundary conditions

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 TIME, h T em p er ar tu re o r R H TEMPERATURE, °C RH, %

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Small-scale experiments –

Results

Small-scale experiments –

Results

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Time, h Mo is tu re , g No. 455-7 No. 455-8 No. 455-9

(21)

Simulations parameters

•

Measured Initial Conditions

•

Measured Boundary Conditions

•

Measured Air-Flow Rates

•

Measured Properties for Duracrete

•

Mass Transfer Coefficient from Literature

(22)

Small-scale experiments –

Comparative results - Duracrete

Small-scale experiments –

Comparative results - Duracrete

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time, day Moisture, g Measured Simulated

(23)

Experimental steps – Mid & Full-scale

Target Boundary Conditions 20°C

30% RH

Saturated material

Target Boundary Conditions 20°C 30% RH Saturated material Preconditioning Step 1 Assembly Step 2 Initial weighing Step 3 Start experiment Step 4 Experiments Experiments

(24)

Apparatus - Climate chamber - EEEF

Environmental Exposure Envelope Facility Environmental Exposure Envelope Facility

Specimens and

weighing apparatus are placed in EEEF EEEF maintains

T and RH profile over course of experiment Smart reader ( T , RH %) Smart reader ( T , RH %) - 47 to 48 ± 1 ºC 10 to 100% RH ± 3% RH - 47 to 48 ± 1 ºC 10 to 100% RH ± 3% RH

(25)

Apparatus – Full-Scale weighing system

TENSION LOAD CELLS SUPPORTING FRAME PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS TEST PANEL TO BE WEIGHED AUTOMATIC CONTROL AUTOMATIC CONTROL

(26)

Apparatus – Mid-Scale weighing system

Load cells Load cells

Support beam Support beam

Pneumatic piston

Pneumatic piston_{Pneumatic piston}

(27)

Mid-scale experiments- Preconditioning

Remained in chamber for 2-d

Water Specimens

(28)

Mid-scale specimens: OSB + membranes

Wet OSB

Membra_ne + +Mem_brane

1-m

(29)

Initial & boundary Conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Time (Days) Temperature (°C) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Rel ati ve Hum idi ty (% ) T (°C) RH % 8/4/99 23:26 _{8/25/99 23:26} 8/13/99 15:36 8/20/99 17:36 8/22/99 20:26 8/16/99 9:16

(30)

Mid-scale experimental results - Set #1

VII V I II OSB alone X XI IV III

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Mid-scale experimental results - Set #1

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (Days)

Total Moisture Content (MC%)

Simulation

Experiment

Spec. No.

Combination of Materials Membr. – OSB – Membr.

1 Wet OSB

2 IV + Wet OSB + IV

3 III + Wet OSB + III

4 II + Wet OSB + II

5 X + Wet OSB + X

6 VII + Wet OSB + VII

7 XI + Wet OSB + XI

8 V + Wet OSB + V

9 I + Wet OSB + I

(32)

Mid-scale experimental results - Set #1

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (Days) Tota l Mois ture Conte n t (k gw/k gd) Experiment Simulation Spec. No. Combination of Materials Membr. – OSB – Membr.

1 Wet OSB

2 IV + Wet OSB + IV

4 II + Wet OSB + II

5 X + Wet OSB + X

6 VII + Wet OSB + VII

7 XI + Wet OSB + XI

8 V + Wet OSB + V

9 I + Wet OSB + I

(33)

Mid-scale

experiments-Initial and Boundary Conditions

Mid-scale

experiments-Initial and Boundary Conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 11/21/99 0:00 11/26/99 0:00 12/1/99 0:00 12/6/99 0:00 12/11/99 0:00 12/16/99 0:00 12/21/99 0:00 12/26/99 0:00 Temperature (C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Relative Humidity (%) %RH T 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 11/21/99 0:00 11/26/99 0:00 12/1/99 0:00 12/6/99 0:00 12/11/99 0:00 12/16/99 0:00 12/21/99 0:00 12/26/99 0:00 Temperature (C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Relative Humidity (%) %RH T Smart reader ( T , RH %) Smart reader ( T , RH %)

(34)

Mid-scale experimental

results-Specimen 4

Mid-scale experimental

results-Specimen 4

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Time (Days)

Total Moisture Content (kgw / kgd)

Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Specimen 4 Specimen 5 Specimen 6 Specimen 7 Specimen 8 Specimen 9

(35)

Mid-scale

experiments-Comparative results

- Specimen 4

Mid-scale

experiments-Comparative results

- Specimen 4

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (Days)

Simulation Experiment 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (Days)

Simulation Experiment 70% 5% Spec. No. Combination of Materials Membr. – OSB – Membr.

3 V + Wet OSB + V

4 Wet OSB + MP @ ½ D

5 Wet OSB + MP @ ¾ D

6 Wet OSB + NO MP

(36)

Full-scale experiments - Preconditioning

(37)

Full-scale wall configuration

10-mil Polyethylene film

11.5-mm OSB Sheathing 38-mm x 89-mm wood stud frame

(38)

Initial & boundary Conditions

Conditions in the Mezzanine (Full Scale)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3/14/00 0:00 3/19/00 0:00 3/24/00 0:00 3/29/00 0:00 4/3/00 0:00 Temper at ur e ( C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Re la tiv e Hu mid ity (%) %RH T

Conditions in the Mezzanine (Full Scale)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3/14/00 0:00 3/19/00 0:00 3/24/00 0:00 3/29/00 0:00 4/3/00 0:00 Temperature (C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Relative Humidity (%) %RH T

(39)

Full-scale results - Set # 1

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Time (Days)

Experiment

(40)

Starting point for the experiments

simulation? And.. ? ????? ? Experiment? What is wrong?

(41)

Perfect Contact Ext Int OSB sheathing Top Plate Bottom Plate Polyethylene Air Gap Air Gap Int Ext

(42)

Full-scale results - Set # 1

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Time (Days)

Experiment

Simulation-without air flow

(43)

(44)

(45)

Full-scale

experiments-Wall configuration

Full-scale

experiments-Wall configuration

6 m i l p o ly e thy lene 3 8 mm x 89 m m m m w oo d s t ud f ram e 1 1.5 m m O SB s he athi ng G la s s fi b re ins ulation ( no t sh ow n) 6 m il p o l y e thy lene G la s s fib re 1 1 .5 m m O S B s h e a th ing 6 m il p oly ethylene 3 8 m m x 89 mm m m

w ood stud fram e

11.5 mm O SB s heathing G la ss fi bre ins ulation (not s hown)

Shea thing membrane

6 m il po ly ethy lene G las s fibre 11.5 m m OSB sh eathing S hea thing m emb rane 6 m il polyethylene 38 m m x 89 m m m m wood stud fram e 11.5 m m O S B sheathing

G lass fibre insulation (not shown) S heathing m em brane G ypsum board 6 m il polyethylene G lass fibre 11.5 m m O S B sheathing S heathing m em brane G ypsum board 6 m il p o lye thylene 3 8 m m x 8 9 m m m m w o o d stu d fram e 1 1 .5 m m O S B sheathing G la ss f ib re insulation (n o t s hown) S h e a t h in g m e mbrane 6 m il p o ly ethylene G la ss fibre 1 1.5 m m O S B sh e a t h ing S h e a thing m e m b ra ne

(46)

Full-scale

experiments-Set # 4 wall configuration

Full-scale

experiments-Set # 4 wall configuration

6 mil polyethylene 38 mm x 89 mm mm

wood stud frame 11.5 mm OSB sheathing

Glass fibre insulation (not shown) Sheathing membrane Gypsum board 6 mil polyethylene Glass fibre 11.5 mm OSB sheathing Sheathing membrane Gypsum board

(47)

Envelope Environmental Exposure Facility (EEEF)

Wetting of material or assembly measure rate of weight loss (drying) under controlled conditions Comparison to model predictions

(48)

Full-scale experiments –

Boundary conditions

Full-scale experiments –

Boundary conditions

Conditions in the EEEF (Test 4)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 08/12/00 08/22/00 09/01/00 09/11/00 09/21/00 10/01/00 Time (Days) Temperature (C) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Relative Humidity (%)

Conditions in the Mezzanine (Test 4)

0 10 20 30 40 50 08/12/00 08/22/00 09/01/00 09/11/00 09/21/00 10/01/00 Time (Days) Temperature (C) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Reltive Humidity (%) Inside Outside Full-Scale Set # 4

(49)

Full-scale

experiments-Comparative results – Set # 4

Full-scale

experiments-Comparative results – Set # 4

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (Days)

Experiment

(50)

Summary

•

The result obtained by a simulation depends on the

level of accuracy and details provided by the 4 ingredients of the model

• Moisture transport • Material properties • Boundary conditions • Numerical methods

•

All material properties used in simulation were

(51)

Summary

•

Overall agreement between the experimental and

simulated drying curves is good in terms of drying times as well as the shape of the drying curves

derived from these experiments

•

hygIRC can adequately duplicate and help predict

hygrothermal behaviour of wall components

•

Benchmarking further enhances confidence when

using hygIRC to undertake broader parametric

(52)

Acknowledgements

• MEWS consortium partners

(http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/bes/mews/index.html) – Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

– Canadian Fiberboard Manufacturers Association – Canadian Plastics Industry Association

– Canadian Wood Council – Dupont

– EIMA (External Insulation Manufacturers Association) – Forintek Canada Corporation

– Fortifiber Corporation

– Louisiana-Pacific Corporation – Marriott International

– Masonry Canada

• Raymond Demers, Nicholas Kourglicof, Tim O’connor, Don Onysko, Denis Richard, Nady Said and Mike Swinton

(53)