HAL Id: hal-00501755
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Submitted on 12 Jul 2010
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Application of a non linear local analysis method for the problem of mixed convection instability
Christophe Guillet, Thierry Mare, Cong Tam Nguyen
To cite this version:
Christophe Guillet, Thierry Mare, Cong Tam Nguyen. Application of a non linear local analysis method for the problem of mixed convection instability. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechan- ics, Elsevier, 2007, 42 (8), pp.981. �10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.04.004�. �hal-00501755�
www.elsevier.com/locate/nlm
Author’s Accepted Manuscript
Application of a non linear local analysis method for the problem of mixed convection instability
Christophe Guillet, Thierry Mare, Cong Tam Nguyen
PII: S0020-7462(07)00122-9
DOI: doi:10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.04.004 Reference: NLM 1377
To appear in: International Journal of Non- Linear Mechanics
Received date: 18 April 2007 Accepted date: 19 April 2007
Cite this article as: Christophe Guillet, Thierry Mare and Cong Tam Nguyen, Application of a non linear local analysis method for the problem of mixed convection instability,Interna- tional Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics(2007), doi:10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.04.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Accepted manuscript
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Accepted manuscript
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