PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR TEXTILE USE

FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR

TEXTILE USE

Davina MICHEL

1

J.Y. DREAN

1

_{, O.HARZALLAH}

1

_{, B.BACHELIER²}

1

_{LPMT/CNRS EAC 7189 –UHA 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX}

² CIRAD, Unité de recherché Systèmes de culture annuels, TA B-102/02, Avenue

Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

LPMT Mulhouse



Mechanics of fibrous materials



Fibers and interface



Physical and Mechanical

properties of coating

Summary



Introduction to the plant



Fiber extraction process



Mechanical Characterization



Applications

Introduction to the plant

•

Saccharum Officinarum from New Guinea

•

Family: Poaceae (graminae)

•

Introduced in 1493

in Caribbean islands by Cristophus Colombus

•

12 months culture, in tropical area

•

Climatic conditions

▫ Sun

▫ Water

•

World production 2012

▫

1290 million tones of cane stalk

▫

413 million tones of bagasse

•

Production in Martinique

▫

202 ktons/year

35% sugar mill le Galion

65% alcohol mill (9x)

Chemical composition of sugarcane

Davina MICHEL 1st ICNF,Guimaraes, Portugal

Components

Sugarcane

Bagasse

Cellulose

32-48%

43-45%

Hemicellulose

27-32%

25-27%

Lignin

19-24%

20-22%

Ash

1.4%

2.6%

Hemicellulose, lignin,

pectins

Microfibrills

Cristallin zone

Amorphous zone

Cellulosic chains

Gap

Bagasse solubility

Solubility

Bagasse

in water (25°C)

2.05%

in hot water (100°C)

3.4%

Extraction method of fibres

STEAM

EXPLOSION

ENZYMATIC

KRAFT

PROCESS

RETTING

MECANICAL

EXTRACTION

STRIPPING

Bagasse from

sugar mill

Crushed cane

Rind cane

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 2N

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 0.1N

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 1N

Characterization

 Bending Rigidity by using Kawabata single hair tester

 Tenacity by using Tensile Dynamometer tester MTS

 Scanning electron microscope SEM

Standard conditions 20°C, 65 %HR

1N NaOH

0.1N NaOH

With

prehydrolysis

BPS-1N

BPD-0.1N

Without

prehydrolysis

B-1N

B-0.1N

•

The amount of lignin removed depends of the severity of the treatment

BPD-0.1N

B-0.1N

B-1N

With

prehydrolysis

Without

prehydrolysis

Fiber fineness

Bagasse fibres

Mean Length

(mm)

Fiber fineness

(tex)

BPS-1N fibres

29.8 ± 6.7

32 ± 24

B-1N fibres

37.7 ± 9.9

35.0 ± 21

BPD-0.1N fibres

45.6 ± 16.3

38.7 ± 28

B-0.1N fibres

37.6 ± 9.7

49.0 ± 32

Bending Rigidity

-0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

-4

-2

0

2

4

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

-2

-1

0

1

2

M

(

g

f.cm

/cm

)

K (cm-1)

_M

(g

f.cm

/cm

)

Bending Rigidity



Dependency of the bending rigidity with the alkaline concentration



High Bending hysteresis value corresponds to the low elastic recuperation

Bagasse fibres

Bending rigidity

gf.cm²/fiber bundle

Bending hysteresis

gf.cm/fiber bundle

BPS-1N

0.027 ± 0.03

0.056 ± 0.03

B-1N

0.116 ± 0.122

0.165 ± 0.166

BPD-0.1N

0.190 ± 0.184

0.200 ± 0.151

B-0.1N

-

-

Tensile properties

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Ten

a

ci

ty

cN

/te

x

Extension %

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

2

3

4

Ten

a

ci

ty

cN

/te

x

Extension %

BPS-1N fibers

B-1N fibers

Tensile properties



Tenacity decreases when the alkaline concentration increases



Extension to break are common to other natural fibers

Bagasse fibres

Tenacity

(cN/tex)

Extension to

break (%)

BPS-1N fibres

7 ± 4.4

2 ± 1.3

B-1N fibres

11 ± 6.3

4± 4.3

BPD-0.1N fibres

14 ± 3.8

4± 1.8

B-0.1N fibres

22 ± 11.7

3 ± 1.0

Applications of bagasse



Panels



Ciment-Bagasse planks and

boards



Dietary packeging



Combustible



Composites material



Paper for newspaper



Rayon

Pulp

By classical spinning

•70% extracted bagasse fibers

•30% cotton fiber

4000 Tex

Wet

Yarn made from sugarcane bagasse

Conclusions and Perspectives



Alkaline concentration most effective parameter



Heterogeneous fibers are obtained



Classical spinning is not adapted



Fibers can be used for technical textile



Improvement of the extraction process

Fondation

Spiegle