Apport de la cytogénétique moléculaire à l'analyse du génome de la canne à sucre

(1)

Apport de la

Cytogénétique Moléculaire

à l’analyse

du Génome

de

la Canne à sucre

Maguy Rodier, Lolita Triaire, Angélique D’Hont

in collaboration with

BSES,

Australia

: Nathalie & George Piperidis

(2)

FIS

H

ing

with sugar

CANE

Maguy Rodier, Lolita Triaire, Angélique D’Hont

in collaboration with

BSES,

Australia

: Nathalie & George Piperidis

USP,

Brazil

: Douglas Silva & Marie Anne Van Sluis

(3)

Inferred polyploidy events during the evolution of angiosperms.

Branch lengths are not to scale. Numbers indicate roughly estimated dates (in millions of years) since the duplication event.

suspected large-scale

duplication event

Sugarcane

= polyploid

(4)

70% of worldwide

raw sugar production

High biofuel

(5)

S. officinarum

2n = 80

S. spontaneum

2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~

120 ?

S. barberi

X = ?

?

X = ?

?

(6)

S. officinarum

S. spontaneum

rDNA

Paunra (2n=82)

Two genomes are involved in cultivated clones, directly or through S. barberi

Interspecific hybrids between S. officinarum and S. spontaneum

(7)

S. officinarum

2n = 80

S. spontaneum

2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~

120 ?

S. barberi

X = ?

?

(8)

Modern cultivar chromosome complement

Cultivar NCo376

rDNA

Cultivar R570

80% S. officinarum

10% S. spontaneum

1 0%

recom

binants

70% S. officinarum

20% S. spontaneum

1 0%

recom

binants

(9)

S. officinarum

2n = 80

S. spontaneum

2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~

85 - 95

+

17 - 30

S. barberi

X = ?

(10)

S. officinarum (2n=80)

rDNA 45S

rDNA 5S

X = basic chromosome number =

number of chromosomes

number of sites per locus

x = 10

8 2n = 80

(11)

Basic chromosome numbers in

S. spontaneum

X = basic chromosome number =

number of chromosomes

number of sites per locus

10 x = 8

2n = 80

rDNA 45S

rDNA 5S

S. spontaneum with 2n=80

(12)

Sugarcane cultivars = complex polyploids

Homology

group

Monoploid genome size =950 Mb

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum

recom

binants

Total genome size (=2C)=10 Gb

Chromosome pairing :

- mainly bivalent

(13)

recombinants

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum

Canne à sucre

2n = c.a.115

2C = 10 000 Mbp

Sorgho

2n = 2x = 20

2C = 1 600 Mbp

Riz

2n = 2x = 24

2C = 800 Mbp

Maïs

2n = 2x (4x) = 20

2C = 5 500 Mbp

(14)

Sorgho

Canne

Sorgho

Canne

From Grivet et al, 1996; Dufour et al, 1997;

D’Hont et Paulet, pers comm

(15)

Structural variation between parental species

Homology

group VIII

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum

recom

binants

(x=10)

(x=8)

(16)

Genetic map :Homology group VIII

C105 B304 C107(4) D57 U15 rDNA Adh1 C148 R63 C62 R35 C92 U135 U44 C105 U15 C107(4) U49 C148 U49 Adh1 U42

VIII1

D57 U6 B304 D57 C105 U15 S54 rDNA Adh1 C148 C62 R35 C92 U135 C86 B1209 U44 R125 C105 Adh1 U42 C92 R35 Adh1 C148 U42 R35 C92 C92 R125 U44 C86 U135 B1209 B1209 U135 C92 R125 C86 B1209 B1209 B1206 U135 2.7

VIII2

VIII3 VIII4

VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7

VIII8

(4) (3) (3)

VIII11

VIII12

VIII13 VIII14

S. spontaneum (x=8)

S. officinarum (x=10)

(17)

BAC 63D09

BAC 52F03

Homology group VIII

C105 B304 C107(4) D57 U15 rDNA Adh1 C148 R63 C62 R35 C92 U135 U44 C105 U15 C107(4) U49 C148 U49 Adh1 U42

VIII1

D57 U6 B304 D57 C105 U15 S54 rDNA Adh1 C148 C62 R35 C92 U135 C86 B1209 U44 R125 C105 Adh1 U42 C92 R35 Adh1 C148 U42 R35 C92 C92 R125 U44 C86 U135 B1209 B1209 U135 C92 R125 C86 B1209 B1209 B1206 U135 2.7

VIII2

VIII3 VIII4

VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7

VIII8

(4) (3) (3)

VIII11

VIII12

VIII13 VIII14

S. spontaneum (x=8)

S. officinarum (x=10)

(18)

rDNA U135 VIII1 rDNA U135 VIII2 U135 U135 U135 VIII3VIII4 VIII5 VIII10 VIII6 VIII9 VIII7 VIII8

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13VIII14

Genetic mapping data

Cytogenetic data

S. spontaneum

_{S. officinarum}

rDNA

?

U135/BAC 63D09

rDNA 45S

(19)

Cytogenetic data

rDNA U135 VIII1 rDNA U135 VIII2 U135 U135 U135 VIII3VIII4 VIII5 VIII10 VIII6 VIII9 VIII7 VIII8

Genetic mapping data

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum

rDNA

?

U135/BAC 63D09

rDNA 45S

(20)

S. spontaneum

U15 U135 VIII1 U135 VIII2 U135 U135 U135 VIII3VIII4 VIII5 VIII10 VIII6 VIII9 VIII7 VIII8

Genetic mapping data

S. officinarum

U15

U135/BAC 63D09

U15/BAC 52F03

(21)

Saccharum

Miscanthus

(2n=38, 40, 76)

Erianthus

(2n=20, 30, 40 and 60)

S. edule

(2n=40 to 128)

S. spontaneum

(2n=40 to 128)

S. sinense

(2n=116 to 120)

S. barberi

(2n=81 to 124)

S. officinarum

(2n=80)

S. robustum

(2n=60, 80

+ up to 200)

Cult

ivated

Wild

Modern cultivars

(2n=100 to 120)

(22)

Chromosome transmission in intergenric hybrids

n+n

Observed:

40 +

30 Observed:

94-96

+

10-12

n+n

Expected if n + n :

40 +

30 S.officinarum

(Badila)

2n=80

E.arundinaceus

(HN92-77)

2n=60

F1

x

Expected if n + n :

76 +

15 Cultivar

~ 112

Saccharum (estimation)

BC1

x

Expected if n + n :

104 +

15 Cultivar

~ 112

Saccharum (estimation)

BC2

x

2n+n

Expected if 2n + n :

96 +

30 Observed :

92 +

30 No recombination

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