Thesis
Reference
Stepwise Refinement of Formal Specifications Based on Logical Formulae: from COOPN/2 Specifications to Java Programs. Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne
DI MARZO SERUGENDO, Giovanna
Abstract
One of the steps making it possible to increase the quality and the reliability of the software executing on distributed systems consists of the use of methods of software engineering that are known as formal. The majority of the formal methods currently existing correspond in fact more to formal specifications languages than to methods themselves. This is due to the fact that the two fundamental aspects which are: the logic of use of the language and the coverage of the software life cycle are not, for the majority, defined. The development by stepwise refinement is one of the means making it possible to define these two aspects. This thesis aims to the definition of the concepts of refinement and implementation of model-oriented formal specifications. It brings a methodological base making it possible to use such a specifications language during a development by stepwise refinements and during the implementation stage. This thesis defines...
DI MARZO SERUGENDO, Giovanna. Stepwise Refinement of Formal Specifications Based on Logical Formulae: from COOPN/2 Specifications to Java Programs. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne . Thèse de doctorat : EPFL
DOI : 10.13097/archive-ouverte/unige:73318
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:73318
Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.
1 / 1
! "#$%& (') !( *)+
,.-0/21 34/657/2849:<;=>84?@3BAC,.AD3FE>GHAD/296=G+/JIKE.LME(84-0/ON6-ME1P=
GQSR?.=>?96TOUVXWYUZ[UVXVXV]\
^`_Yabdcbe`fgabbihj4kiab^lh<_[fKb[m@b[e`f+knpopeqsrt_`mYhf<outjvb
w
?@34/2xY?80/2xy6G?i3BQO9OADz2{6?,
w
?>|
w
?>-MExY?|O?xXE}{B=.E9O9O?
^!rtjv_0~nrt!fKb[e`fKorXe}kj4_[hKkb>kbFkvrKfKb[j_ bdc>c7opb[evbdc
B
iM0g$OS)PO H6S 6¡
¢£¥¤`¦¨§
©ª«¬7¬4¬7®g®°¯
£
¬±[¯7¬7®
£
±7²©v³´ªBµ[¶
£·¸
¬7®¹»º.±
£¼
¬³½®
£
¶`«¬}¾]¬±`¬
¼ ¬
¢>£¿¤`¦À§
©ªS«¬7¬Á¬7®>®°¯
£
¬±[¯7¬7®ÂªBµ¶lÃ]«¬ªÄµ¶
£·¸
¬7®Å¹YºÆ±
£¼
¬³½®
£
¶`«¬}¾]¬±`¬
¼ ¬
Ç ³£È£
±!µ
£
³½¬4ɬ}¾]¬±Ê¬
¼
¬HË°¾iÌÍ
µ¯7¯7¬
¤
¶`«¬7¬Â®
¸ ³ ¤
³½©
¤
©`®
£¶ £
©±}É
¸MÎϸ
³½ÐÑ
Ò
³Ó©²sÔÆÕMÔ<Ö¶l³Ó©Ã`ª4¬
£
¬³´¹É
£
³½¬7¯7¶´¬
¸
³.É`¬B¶ÏÃ`¬7®°¬
¢ ³ ¢
ÔX×
¸
¯Ã[®Å¹]¯7©³Øµ
¤`¤
©³½¶C¬
¸ ³
Ò
³½©²lÔ@¾iÔXÙÚ©³µ7ÐŹv¯7©³Øµ
¤`¤
©³½¶´¬
¸ ³
¢
³gÛ>ÔX¾
¸ ¬ ¦Ü
¹X¯7©³Øµ
¤`¤
©v³Ó¶C¬
¸ ³
Ò
³½©²lÔ.Ý`Ô]Þ.µ³´ª4®¹¯7©³Øµ
¤`¤
©³½¶´¬
¸ ³
Ò
³½©Ê²sÔ
¢
ÔXß6µ±[ɳ
£©
¦¿£
¹¯7©³Øµ
¤`¤
©v³Ó¶C¬
¸ ³
à µ ¸
®lµ±`±[¬¹.Ì ÒYáKà
âã`ã`ã
ù0úXûØü+ýúXþ`üÏûØü}ú]ÿü]þþÿKþ üüÏûÓþiûÚþþ>ÿÅþ`ÿÓûØüÏþýÅú]ÿÚüý ÿ ! þ"½þ#$
ýdÿþ}ýúXþ%ýÚûÓý&ýOýÅútÿ ÿ'()gýÅúXþ"!*
+-,
ü.]þûØÿ'0/2143.56787"31:9<;5"1=64>@?AB13CDE6GFH6=1JI4úÿKþÚýÅþý4ü.]þ4LKûØüÏþ2ýÅúXûØüýÅúXþÊüÏûüHÿ
þ]ÿÓþMSþ ý<Nû'úXûü0ýþ`ÿ!#POÂûüQ]þ7ü&XûRÿKûÓý&ÿ'I4ÿXüSvû<ýÅþMÚýTþÓþLvÿKýQ)Cþ`ÿý4Åþ`üGU
+WV 1 V
FR>FH6G1YX[Z\=C7 ý2ú]ÿLþ+û'Ký4 þ@þ+ý4@]_^_`4^badc%e ä ÿý2ýÅúXþfISKRg)h)iKÿ
Sþýú Xüj#QOBþÿIÁÿkÚüS4lvúKý<SþBúXûüBü.mKÅý ÿ ü.lKlþ`ülýÅþý Kþ"Åý7ÿþn ýúXþ`üÏûØü
ÿý
,
adoQpqU
+
/213.56787"31%r<FR3stuuFQvQ31twT)iFúXûüQjKMSþ<ý7ü.ÿýÅúÚþÂû'MLþ2þýdüÆúXþ ü.llþÊüÏýÅþkx)i
ýÅúXþ6ýúXþ`üÏûØüjU
+
a>ÿýÅûyjÿ'
V
1hz%FR\83;{t7nr<Z68;|I4úTlKXûR<þnSþ>ýÅúlúýúXþQýûK]ü})ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký"#OÂûØü
LKûØüÏû'%)Úû<ýÅþlK7ÿ`ýÅûK6þ]ÿÓþnSþiý<ÿþq)ÚýÅúÚûü»ýÅúÚþ`üÏûØü.ÿ_júXþ"Åþ<ýI4úKÓþMûj4mK7ÿ`ýÅûl
üÏþLþ"7ÿ(I4XüSþL<ûtü. ]þ.)iKSþkûýÅúÚþx]_^_`4^badc%e ä )i7ÿþISKU
+-,
ü.]þûØÿ'/213.56787"31<TZ 1H6=uJYt1jD 7%I4ú Yþþ@þ}ýÅúXþ%KÅý4Xû½ý.ý þ6û'XûÓýûÿýþ
ýHü[ûÓþ<ýÅû~dþ`üÏþ`ÿ87ú2ÿ l7ÿK]ÿ`ýÅþBýÅþ`ÿK úXû'lU<ÿxI4úOÿ'I4ÿÚüYþþxþ0úXûØü ü&ý
þLþýÅúlvú@)i4ÿSþýú Xü4ÿþ%'ÿxþ`üÏý4ÅûyýÅþÿü.]þ[ý_)MúXûØüSÅþ`ülþ`ÿ ú ÿÅþ`ÿvüjU
+
/213.56787"31
V
FRu3tu>1jFR3;FT)iOúÚûüû Lvÿ']ÿ½þgjKMSþ<ý7üTKýúXþýÅúXþKÅþýûRÿQ]ÿýE)
ýÅúXûØüÄýúXþ`ülûüjU
+-
q MjK½þ`ÿlKXþ`ü_)FýÅúXþ )Cý&IÁÿÅþ
,
lû'XþþûlgpYÿdÿý4)
,
aQodpq*q9buum6fv6G\"F;6
2u"3fr<t1jFH6;<[31i_Z;FH6_tARCFH6GZ_3CtDE64>?Ctum6 C3Dt7G.ÿ?A6BCtum6Ugÿü
I0þ'.ÿvüÄýúXþ%]ÿülýTSþ"E]þdü)MýúXþ]QoK8 ù.þ`ÿ*St\8Z6478n;FRsFH6G18]ÿ!/2t7"\8t;U
+
ù0úXþ<]ÿülý4ÿEjÅþ"KýhþE]þdü) ýÅúXþBù.þÓþ!û)iKÿ`ýÅûR!ü.ÿ@^<]þdÿýÅû'lÚüÏýÅþ"ü}lKK
)MýúXþ]QKMXýþT [ûÓþ[þ% Âþ]ÿÅý4Sþ<ýd)>ýúXþf¡TXû'Lþ7ülûÓý&)S¢BþXþ"Lÿ *S9<;6£YvC1jF¤7GABFRtu
V
tsFR>tu>
V
tsFR>(2>Zt14>3(t1=;64(64tu¥H¦§1tu\83F¤78qZ;FH6Guq¨qt787"tt>FR14tZ©CZZ7"t
z%31GFRt(?ABtuF¤7G;t78h?A6Ctu68Xÿ«ªqFAB3#
) ýÅúXþ¬j<ýûÚýÅþý4 ÿþS).ýúXûülKK
+
ù0úXþOþÊÿ'M)iÅûÓþ"Xüj* vQtARC6G1GFRum6Oÿ/<68A.6=1=[37"tuutÿ
Vh®
tDE68;¯¨qtZ 1t2ÿz%FR\83;{t7G#
°þBüÏý4KûÓþk ú]ÿ8OýKlþýúXþMý%<þ7ülý7ÿýÅúXþBü&Xý4ÓþýûÓþ`ü)(ÿ`ýÅúXþ"ÿýûRüGXúÚüÏûyüjÿ
jKMXýþ4ü4ûÓþ"þ#
ü.]þûØÿýú]ÿ%lKþ`üÆý4T <t186GuAR7QI4ú<lÿLþQSþ>ýÅúÚþdKýXû½ý&+ý4_lþýgÿ4úXûlvúXþ.þÿýû§#
$dI4ûØüÏú ÿü<I0þ'»ý G8<ûÿ'Sýú]ÿ/2tA1GFR\j6n)i4úXûØüTjK]üÏýdÿ<ýÂþ"j7ÿlvþSþ<ý7üG<ÿM)i<lûL<ûl
SþBÿKÅûØÿýþ6ÿL<ûR[þ`ühI4úXþMXþkþ`üÅüÿ4#ho@û']ÿ'ÿ Xû'l<ûüÅühlKþ`ü0ývC ;3T6TI4úþ]ÿÓþkxSþ
ýþj)iÅþÊüÏúgE Sû' û'ýÅúXþ%ISKKþ&)i(ISKyJ)7úXûyÅþ§#
¡TÚþQKþ`ü(´þ"ÿ úXþÊü]þSþ!ýÅý7ÿKý§µ¨ÿlþKýþÿ_¶]ÿ½ûÓý´þ@þý(Øÿd~YÿÚûÓû½ý´þPKþ`ü'lûyûÓþ"ü»üGµ¿þ·´þjÚý7ÿ<ý
ü&Kþ`üü&Xülý"¸þþ`üE´þ"]ÿýÅûüjtüÏûülýÅþþ¹BµXýûÓûØüÅÿ`ýÅûKºKþ»´þýÅú Kþ`ügKþlP´þXûÓþKlûyûÓþYKûÓýþ`ü
)iKSþ'Óþ`üG#TpYÿEÿ"NÅû½ý´þfKþ`ü<»´þýÅú Kþ`üS)iþ½þ`ü0ÿKýXþ"Óþ"Sþ<ý0þ·<ûülý7ÿ<ýÅþÊü_j4Åþ`ü&mKKþ<ý}þ
) ÿ`ûÓýn']ü¸ÿgKþ`ünØÿlÿlþÊü <þSü&_´þû~ÿýûK]ü[)i4Sþ'Óþ`ü_¶(µR¸ÿ¼Kþ`ün»´þýú Kþ`ü_KÅþ"Sþ<ýnKû½ýÅþ`üG#
]Mþ[ûL<ûÓþ<ýQ) ÿû½ý¶Xþ<ÓþÊühKþ·2ÿvü.]þýdü½)iKXÿþKýdÿ·:¶Úþ}ü&<ý*hÿn'lûy¶Úþ<µXýû½ûüÅÿ`ýÅû'
ØÿlÿlvþÂþýPÿnjKLþýþ_ jj½þ_Kþ_L<ûÓþ2KlûR[ûÓþ XþBü.KKý"QØÿY]ÿÅý"]ÿüQ´þG~XûüG#
p]þ ´þ"LþK]þSþ<ý_]ÿ%dÿk¾¼XþSþ<ý7üBü.þ`üüÏû¤) üBþ`üÏý%µ¿Kþ`ü<Mþ]ü_ þ"Sþýý7ÿKýbKþ¼S´þj~Xû'
þÊüSKþ·ÿü& þký7üG#
]MþýýÅþ2ýÅú§¸þÊüÏþML<ûülþ!¸ÿØÿ´þj~XûÓýûKþ`ü%ýûK]üKþMdÿk¾¼XþSþ<ý}þý:µ¿û'MØÿ<ý7ÿýûKKþü.2´þû¤~`
ÿ`ýÅû']üS)i4Sþ½þ`üSûÓþ<ý´þ!þ`üÀ`BM ¸þ½þ`üj#
,
'Óþ ÿýÅþ]ÿn&¸ÿ`ÁþSþnÚþ]ÿvüÏþ´þýú KlvûR¶Xþ
]þ4SþýÅýdÿ<ýQµ¿XýÅû'ÓûülþqSýÅþ"mØÿlÿlvþ%Kþ ü.2´þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üQdüQµJS´þLþ']þSþ"Ký(]ÿSdÿk¾¼Xþj`
Sþ"Kýdü ü&þÊüÅüÏû) ü0þý_K7ü_Kþ%Bµ´þýdÿ]þfµ¿û'MÿKýdÿýû§#
]MþýýÅþSýú(¸þ`ülþ´þj~Xû½ýXÿ]üÃþSûÓþ"+ýþM]üGÂÿ ÅþýÅú2´þ"Åûy¶ÚþM Óþg7ÿ¾MÚþSþ<ý6þý
Bµ¿û¼½ÿ<ý7ÿýûKKþ ü.2´þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû')iKSþ'Óþ`ünKÅûÓþ"Ký´þþ`üÀ`BM ¸þ"Óþ`üG#pqµ¥ûR´þþ¼Åû'ûtÿÓþ¼jK]üÏûØüÏýÅþ¸ÿ
ÿvüÅü. [ûÓþh j<ýdÿý<¸ÿ%7ú]ÿ¶Xþ4ü&_´þû~ÿ`ýÅûK(#h¡<jKKý47ÿýQþ´þÊüÏþ<ýÅþMþ· ÓûyûÓýþ2þKýµ¥þ]üÏþ"E½þ
KþÊüd4û´þý´þ`üSKþbÿü&_´þû~ÿ`ýÅûKg¶(µ¿û' þÊüÏýS2´þþ`üüÅÿû'Åþ%<þn´þÊüÏþ4LþQdüSµ¿Mdÿk¾¼XþSþ<ýKþ
þ!ýÅýÅþü.2´þû¤~mÿýû§#ga¼<ýÅþ"%¶§µXþ ü.2´þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'jG¸þýþEdÿk¾¼XþMXþ ü.2´þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'
']üOÿtüÏýdÿû½ýÅþMûÁüjµ¨ÿlû½ý2ÿK7ü KþMMKKý4Åþ:¶ÚþMÓþjKKý47ÿý <þ@Øÿü.2´þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'ÃGj"¸þýÅþþ`üÏý
ü&¾üÿ<ýhFÿvüÅü.ÅþQÓþÊüKÅû"´þý´þÊühj4Åþ`ü&XÿKýFÿMjKKý47ÿ`ýQKþ<ÿ}ü&_´þû~ÿýûKOÿtüÏýdÿû½ýÅþ#
pYÿBüÏþGKþ]ÿýÅû½þS<þS[þýÅýþ ýú(¸þ`ülþSG]ülûüÏýþ%¸ÿBÿÓûR¶Xþq[þS!ÿþ ýú_´þKÅûR¶XþXÿ]üÓþjKKýþ·<ýÅþQ
Øÿlÿlþ]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
#_]_^_`^baQc e
ä
þ`ülý_gÿlÿlvþKþHü&_´þû~ÿýûK]ü½)iKSþ'Óþ`ühKÅûÓþ"Ký´þj`K NÅþý
)iKS´þ2ü.nÓþ`ü<´þ`ülþ`ÿ·Kþaiþýû@þýbÓþ`ü}ü&_´þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üBÿlP´þûR¶Xþ`üj#f$@þÊüÏý%K4ü ´þE
þ%Øÿlÿlþ©Xþ:S´þj~Xû½ýÅû'Kþ`ü_ýûK]ünKþ:j<ýdÿý7üG<þ7ÿ¾MÚþSþ<ý0þý<µ¿û¼ÿKýdÿýÅû'(#_p]þ`ü
jKKý47ÿ`ý7ü>ü&<ý þ"·û´þÊüQ¸ÿTµÀÿûR<þ_Kþ_ØÿTKlûR¶Xþ4ýþMþ½þS<þ<OÂþXþÊüÅü.`ÀûÚþQÄOnp(Å#]MþýýÅþ
'lûy¶Úþx) ÿKû½ûÓýÅþØÿ@L´þÅû~ÿ`ýÅûKÃKþ`ü%KÅû"´þý´þÊü G<ý7ÿKýÚþ½þ`üjgÿûtüÏû¶ÚþMÿgL´þû¤~!ÿýÅû'Kþ`ü
´
þýdÿ]þ`üqKþSdÿk¾¼XþSþ"Ký"#}p]þ7ÿk¾¼XþþKýYþýqµ¿û'MØÿ<ý7ÿýûK}ü&<ýQj<ýKÁ"´þ`ü.ü ´þ ÿ<ýÅûR¶Xþ2þ<ý]ÿ
ØÿOüÅÿýûü) ÿýûKþ`ü_jKKý47ÿ`ý7üjU]ü&<ý7ÿ·Kûy¶ÚþSþ<ýÅþ"M ÿlþBþ`ülýBÿXý4ÅûØü ´þ#_pqµ¿û'MØÿ<ý7ÿýûK
Xýû½ûüÅÿKýfÓþMØÿlÿlvþ!Kþg4ldÿM ÿýÅû'ÃÆÿLvÿÿ¹´þý´þg']ü]ÿýÅûyjÓûB¸þÅþ"Sþý´þý4Kû"´þþ#$Fþ`üÏý
MKKý4´þjMþKý2ü&_´þû~]þg<þ`ügjÿvüÅüÏþÊü@ ÇØÿlÿlþ-KþlK7ÿMÿýûKºÆÿkLvÿȸÿ-Bµ¨ÿ`ûRKþ
Øÿlÿlþ!]_^_`4^naQc e ä Mÿ~W¶Xþ¼ÿ<þXûB¸þÅþW´þýdÿ]þ4 þ`üÅü&]ü KþM7ÿ¾MÚþSþ<ý%jKXûØüÏþ¸ÿ
jØÿüÅülþ`ü_ÆÿLvÿ#_pqµ´þýdÿ]þfµ¿û'MÿKýdÿýûJXÿ]ü_ÓþbÿlÿlvþÆÿLvÿx'Xû¤`BÁþ2þ4þþ`ülý}ÿ`û]ülû) ÿû'ÓûÓý´þþ#
pYÿ}ý4ûülûB¸þþS]ÿÅýÅû½þ<KþbþýÅýþ0ýú(¸þ`üÏþ<MKKý4Åþ_GMSþ"ý.ûXþ`ülýhüüÏûÓþbKþTL´þû¤~]þqdÿýÅûy¶ÚþSþ<ý
¶(µÚþ}ü&_´þû~ÿýûK]_^_`^baQc e
ä
üÿýûüÀ)ÿ`ûÓýÁü.g4þfj<ýdÿý¶§µXþ´þýdÿ]þfKþn7ÿ¾MÚþSþ<ý
þ`ülý%j4Åþ[ýÅþSþ"KýFþjYþý2´þþ]þý}þ~¶XþBµ4´þýdÿ]þµ¿û¼ÿKýdÿýÅû'þ`ülý%j4Åþ[ýÅþSþ"Ký´þ`ÿÓûü ´þþ#
]Mþ`üL´þÅû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üüGµ¿þjYþ[ýXþ<ý¼¸ÿBµ¨ÿ`ûRKþ¼Kþgÿýú_´þûÓþg èýþ`üÏý%)i4XûÓþ ÿLþÓþgÿlÿlþ!]_^_`
^baQc e
ä #
o@û']ÿ½þSþ<ýØÿ@<þXûB¸þÅþtÿÅýûÓþ¼Kþ þýýÅþOýú(¸þ`üÏþ2û']ülýþÓþXû½þ`i)i´þ¼Kþ þ!ýÅýÅþ2ÿ4 úXþþ
µÀÿÓûR¶]ÿKýFü.SXþ´þý<þnKþYÿüjM¸þýþ4þý_´þ!ý7ÿû'"´þþ#q¡TXþ ÿÓûR!ÿýÅû'M´þ]ÿÅýÅû½þnÆÿLvÿþ`ülý
´þLþ"_´þþOülþKØÿE´þýú KþOû'Ký4 Xû½ýÅþ ½þÿlÿlþ]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
#Mp]þ 7ÿk¾¼XþþKýBþ`ülý
lÚûR´þ_û[û]ÿÓþSþ"ý]ÿdØÿ}üÅÿ`ýÅûØüÀ) ÿ[ýÅûK Kþ<7ú]ÿ4lþ`ü})iKýûXþ½þ`ü.þýh]ÿQKþ`ühG<ý7ÿ`û<ýÅþ`üPKþ
jKþXýûKOû<ý´þlK7ÿ<ýhØÿYýÅû'¼µ¨ÿ87úXûÓýþý4Åþ2jÓû½þKýGe`ülþLþ#
,
~§½þ`ü´þý7ÿ]þ`üQ úvûülûÓþ`ü(K7ü
[þ`üÅü&]üKþ 7ÿk¾¼XþþKýbKþ¼þ¼S´þLþ']þSþ"Ký_]þ4SþýÅýþ<ýnµ4´þýKûÓþYþÅýdÿû']ü6ÿü.]þ[ý7ü
ü.2´þû¤~m¶XþÊüSÿ· ÿ½ûRÿ`ýÅûK]üM´þtÿÅýûÓþ`üGÂþýJKþüÏþKþ`üü7ú_´þÿvüxlP´þ2´þûR¶Xþ`üEKØÿ
jKþXýûK<þ+ýþ½þ`ü0ÿ½ûRÿ`ýÅûK]üj#
^<Xþ!)ýúXþüÏýþ]üMÿKû'lû½ýMüüÏûÓþýû'jÅþÊÿüÏþýúXþ¶]ÿ½ûÓý& ÿýÅúXþ!þÓûØÿXû'Óû½ý.)OýúXþ
ü&)Cý&I4ÿÅþBþ·KþkjXýÅû'lnKgKûülýûXýþ2ü.ÚüÏýÅþ"ühjK]üÏûØüÏý7üQ)iýúXþTtüÏþ<)qSþýú Xüh)gü&)Cý&I4ÿÅþBþlvû¤`
Xþ!þÅû'l6ýÅú]ÿ`ý4ÿþn I_ÿüd)iKÿ#>ù0úÚþnÿNKÅûÓý&f)iýÅúÚþ[)iKÿmþýÅú ÚüSj4Åþ<ý'þ·<ûülýÅû'l
jKþ`ü. û') ÿýn¼ÅþHýE)iKÿMü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üTØÿlK]ÿlvþ`ü}ýÅú]ÿý4gSþýÅú XüÂýÅúÚþüÏþ"Lþ!üj#
ù0úXûØü}ûünÚþý4ýúXþ)ÿý6ýÅútÿý6ýÅúXþ2ý&ISE)iXÿþKýdÿMÿvü.]þýdünI4úXûR7úÿþ*+ýúXþKlûyx)_]ülþE)
ýúXþTØÿlK]ÿlvþHÿSýÅúÚþ%jLþ7ÿlþ<)iýúXþ6ü.)Cý&I4ÿþnÓû)CþnGj½þBÿþný")iK4ýÅúXþ<ÿNKÅûÓý&©Kþj~Xþk#
ù0úXþYKþLþ'Sþ"Kýh üÏýÅþ"I4ûØüÏþnþj~XþþKýgûüdKXþ%)gýÅúXþ%SþÊÿ]ühÿKû'lû½ýSüüÏûÓþ6ý KþG~Xþ
ýúXþ`üÏþ ý.ISÿvü.]þýdüj#
ù0úXûØü+ýúXþ`üÏûØüÿ`ûü}ýýúXþgKþG~XûÓýûK)BýúXþgjKþXýdü )nþj~XþþKý ÿû¼Óþ2þýdÿýÅû'!)
M <þ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþ)i ÿiü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üG#n$°ý_Åû'lü ÿESþýú 'lvûRÿ(]ÿülþÿ<ûlOû½ýTüÅüÏû'Óþ
ý4M]üÏþ2ü&7úÿü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]ü_ÿl]ÿlþ¼Åû'lÿgKþLþ"Sþ<ýd ülýÅþ I4ûülþþj~XþþKýdü4ÿ
ÅûlOýÅúXþ6û¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûüÏýdÿlþ©#
ù0úXûØü+ýúXþ`üÏûØü%Kþj~XþÊüj>ûÚûÓýÅûØÿ'.ÿýúXþKÅþýûRÿ½)idÿSþ"IS4@)iKOýÅúXþ Åþj~XþSþ<ý6ÿýÅúXþ2ûMÓþj`
Sþ"KýdÿýÅû' )q)i4ÿ ü.]þû~ÿýûK]üj#Mù0úXþ%ÿ`ûSûyKþ`ÿfj]ülûülý7ü4ûÿvüÅü. [ûÿýûlÿ j<ýdÿýI4ûÓýÅú
þ`ÿK ú ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(#
j<ýdÿý2þ· ÓûyûÓý4!Åþ"Åþ`ülþ<ý7üOýÅúXþI4ú½þ)HýúXþ4]þýÅûÓþÊüx)ýúXþ
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû' I4úXûR7ú2ûÓýMûühXþ[þ`üÅüÿOý4þ`üÏþ"LþBÿýFýÅúXþBýÅû'SþS)gÿ þj~XþþKýq)iýúXûüMü& þkû¤~!ÿk`
ýû§#4ù} üÏúI$ýÅú]ÿ`ý}ÿ¼jGÅþýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûÅþj~Xþ`üBü.þÿ]üÏý47ÿKý}ü&]þû¤~mÿýû§ û½ýÂûØü0ýÅúXþ
ÿÿýýÅþ)FülúI4ûlýÅú]ÿ`ýÂýúXþjKKý47ÿKý_)MýúXþGjþýÅþHü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'ûüBü. ¾gû½þ<ý0ýþ]ü.Åþ
ýúXþ%K þ"ÅýÅû½þ`ü_jKÅþÊü.<ûl2ý2ýÅúXþfjKKý47ÿKý_)gýÅúXþHÿ]üÏý47ÿ[ý}ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(#
ù0úXþHülþjJtÿÅý_)MýÅúÚûü0ýÅúÚþ`üÏûØü_j]ülûülý7ü0û ÿ<ûlOýÅúXûØü0ýÅúXþKÅþýûRÿm)idÿSþI4OûýÅúXþfjK`
ýþ·Ký_)FýÅúXþ ]_^[`4^baQc e
ä
ÿltÿlþ©#]_^[`4^baQc e
ä
ûØü}ÿ!K NÅþý&`KÅûÓþ"KýþE)i ÿiü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü
ØÿlK]ÿlvþY)iKKþkE ÿ'lþ7ÿûy}ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü4ÿga@þýûXþý7üG#Mù0útüj<þj~Xû½ýÅûK]üd)>ýúXþ%jK`
þ"Xý7üT)bj<ýdÿýdüj(ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký ÿû¼Óþþj<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKÿÅþ KmüÏþ!)iýúXûü<ÿl]ÿlþ#ù0úXþ
jKKý47ÿKý7ü6ÿþSþ· ÅþÊüÅüÏþk]ülûlýúXþ¼OÂþXþÊüÅü.`ÀûÚþ}ýÅþ"M7ÿQlvûRgÄOnp(Å#iù0úXûü%lvûROûü
]ülþèû'ýÅúXþ ýÅúXþKÃ) ýÅþ`ülýE4LKûyKþI4ûÓýú«ÿltÿlþ]_^_`^baQc e
ä
#ù0ú ]üjFýÅúXþLþÅû~ÿýûK
)BýÅúXþ¼j<ýdÿý4]ÿK]þÅýûÓþ`üGMÿü IFþFÿvü+ýÅúÚþMLþÅû~ÿ`ýÅûK)BýÅúXþ üÏý7ÿlþ`ü)<Åþj~XþSþ<ý ÿÅþ
) ÿKû½ûÓý7ÿ`ýÅþ#ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýBÿû¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅû ÿÅþ¼jKKý4'ÓþülþÿKýûRÿ¼ýúXþSüÿýûüÀ) ÿK=`
ýû!)BýÅúXþ G<ý7ÿKý7üGU>ü&<ý7ÿKýÅûyÿ'YÿMÅþ]ÿSûlSûü6ÿÚýÅúKÅûülþ#°þSü& þkû¤~!ÿ'ülýýúXþ
û'MÓþ"þGKýdÿýû%]ülûlHýÅúXþ<ÆÿLvÿ lK7ÿMSûlTØÿlK]ÿlvþ#h°þ üÏúI úIýHü.]þ[û¤)iGÿüüÏþ`üh)
ýúXþ%ÆÿLvÿKl7ÿMSû'l%ÿl]ÿlþtüÏûlÿl]ÿlþE]_^_`4^badc%e ä ]ü&ýú]ÿý4ýúXþnØÿüÏýBülý7ÿlþ)>ýúXþ
ü.]þ[û¤)i<ûlgÆÿLvÿgjÿvüÅülþ`üj#Où0úÚþ2üÏý7ÿlþM)FûM½þSþGKýdÿýûû'ýÅúXþ ÆÿLvÿMÿl]ÿlþSû½ý7üÏþ"¤)MûØü ýútü
) ÿ[ûÓû½ý7ÿ`ýÅþ#
ù0úXþMýÅúÚû8%]ÿý)]ýÅúÚûü»ýÅúÚþ`üÏûØü.üÏúIBü@úIû½ý.ûüüüÏû'ÓþFý<7ÿKýÅûyÿ'<LþÅû)iÂýú]ÿýgÿY]_^_`4^badc%e
ä
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'üÿýÅûØüÀ~]þÊüÄû½ý7üdI_jKKý47ÿ[ýKýú]ÿý ÿOüÏýdÿlvþ )hþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý ûØüSjKþý'M!ÿûÓþ Xý"
ÿ~tÿ'ýú]ÿý6ýÅúÚþ2üÏý7ÿlþ )ÁûM½þ2þKýdÿýûûØünj4Åþ[ýg]þ&)iþ#Hù0úXþ`üÏþ Lþû¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü
ÿþfÿ4ÅûÓþkJKXý_]ülûl2ýÅúXþ6ýúXþ4M)ýÅúXþ6ýÅþÊüÏý_4L<ûR<þEI4ûÓýúgÿl]ÿlþM]_^_`^baQc e
ä #
o@û']ÿ'ýúXþSØÿüÏýq]ÿÅýq)YýÅúXûØüÆýúXþ`ülûü»û']ülýdÿýÅþÊüÆýúXþjlvþj%)YýúXûü.ÿÿ7úHÿ<ûlÂû½ý.ý
ÿ_jKMÓþ!ýÅþgÿ%Kþýdÿû'Óþn!ÿüÏþFülý©#
KûØüÏý4ÅûXýÅþbÆÿkLvÿBÿÓûR!ÿýÅû'6ûüKþLþ']þ ÿjK8Kû'l
ý2ýÅúÚþ þýÅú Sû'Ký4 [þJ)iKÂýúXþ]_^[`4^baQc e
ä
ØÿlK]ÿlvþ#_Ì4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ý ûØü[lKXûR<þMÿû'
ýÅúÚþüÅÿ`ýÅûü)ÿýûK)<)iýûK]ÿÅþ¶XûþSþýdü}ÿjK]üÏý47ÿû'Kýdü )%KþÊüÏûlKû<ýÅþ"l7ÿ`ýÅû'lýúXþ
jKþXý_)2jÓû½þKýGe`ülþLþFÿ87úXûÓýþýÅþ#_pYÿülý© ýúXþHüÏý7ÿlþ`üb úüÏþ û ýÅúXþ%ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký þÊüÅü
)iýúXûüKþLþ'þKýqÿþ4ûÓýSüÅüÏû'Óþ ýOülý Sÿvü.]þýdü4ü.]þû~Äý4 KûülýûXýþ2ÿ½ûRÿ`ýÅû']üG
ÿýüÏþlþ"XþÅûy}ü7úXþ ÿü½)iK4ýÅúXþfKþÊüÏûlK)Mü& ú ÿÓûyÿýûK]üj#
Î ÏGÐmÑÒÓ(ÔqÕÖÑ×iÓÐ Î
Ø #Ø výÅûLvÿ`ýÅûK ÿa½û[û½þ#%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ù
Ø #ä
aüÏû½ýÅûKXûl ##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ú
Ø #¯Ù ]QKKý4ÅûXýÅû'g##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Û
Ø #¿Ü T GSþ<ýT^<lÿXûØüÅÿ`ýÅûK #%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ý
Þ ßMà áHâ ÑàÔãäÓÒå(æ ÎÎ
ä #Ø
Ì4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ýd)Qaiþýû(cÂþýdü=ekOÂûlvú`½þLþcÂþýdü!# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Ø!ä
ä #Ø #Ø ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýQ)½¡T]ülý4ýÅþga@þý4Åû§cÂþý7üä##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø!ä
ä #Ø #ä ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýQ)ù0ûþMa@þý4Åû§cÂþý7ü!#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Ü
ä #Ø #¯Ù ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýQ)ý4ý4Åþk@aiþýû(cÂþýdü #%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Ú
ä #Ø #¿Ü
]ülý7ÿKý< Âþj~XûÓýûg)ÌÄþG~XþSþ"Ký)iKnaiþýûXþýdü¹##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Û
ä #ä Ì4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ýd)S^< NÅþ[ý.`4^TûÓþ<ýÅþkJ]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü%#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Û
ä #ä #Ø
o½^%^baS #f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Ø Ý
ä #ä #ä ç%èéhêê #%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø"ë
ä #ä #¯Ù ì% n!íí #f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ø
ä #¯Ù ýû'^BýÅúXþ"<ÌÄþj~XþSþ<ýQcTvýÅû']ü ##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ävä
ä #îÙ#Ø ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýQ)
'lþdÿûy ]þû~ÿýûK]ü ##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ävä
ä #îÙ#ä
<ù_Ì
p # #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ù
ä #îÙ#¯Ù ïð#%#%##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ü
ä #îÙ#¿Ü ÌÄþG~XþSþ"Ký_]Fÿyj']üñ#%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ú
ä #îÙ#¯Ú ùTp
##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# äKò
ä #îÙ#ò ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýFÿü<ahK þ"ÅýÅû½þ`ü##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Û
ä #¿Ü ÂûØüjtüÅüÏû'ó#%##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ý
ä #¿Ü#Ø oKÿ( ÂþG~XûÓýûK]üS)Ì4þj~ÚþSþ<ý*h KýdÿýûRÿ]QKKûÓýûK]ü@#%#f# #f#%# äë
ä
#¿Ü#
ä
oKÿ( ÂþG~XûÓýûK]üS)Ì4þj~ÚþSþ<ý*hþ ÿ<ýÅûR!ÿ(]Q<ûÓýÅû']ü#%#f# #f#%#óÙ
Ø
ä #¿Ü#¯Ù a½4]þýÅûÓþÊü[)>ýúXþfÌÄþj~XþSþ<ýÌÄþ"ÿýûKg# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÙÜ
ä #¿Ü#¿Ü $À¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKELÚü_Ì4þj~XþþKý<#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÙ ò
ä #¿Ü#¯Ú
XýBýÅúXþf¡}ülþ%)ùÆþ¼mK7ÿhplûyú#%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÙ ò
ä #¿Ü#ò ÂþLþ'Sþ"Kýþýú 'lvûÓþ`üû#%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÙÛ
ä #¿Ü#Û ÌÄþj~XþSþ<ýahÅþ`ülþLþ`ü_^<]üÏþ4Lvÿ½þah4]þÅýûÓþ`üó#%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÙÝ
ä
#¿Ü#¯Ý ]Qj']üÏû'!#f#%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜý
þ ÿà ÓÒ«ÓYßMà hÐqàÃà ÐmÑfâÐqÔ»ÏqáHàÃàÐÑâÑ×RÓÐ þ
Ù#Ø Ì4þj~XþþKýï4ÿvüÏþM]Q<ýdÿýdüð#%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜÜ
Ù#
Ø #Ø
]Q<ý7ÿKýtÿQ]þû¤~mÿýûtü ##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜÜ
Ù# Ø #ä ÌÄþj~XþfÌÄþØÿýû #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜ ò
Ù#
Ø
#¯Ù oK ÿfÌÄþG~XþSþ"Ký #%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜÝ
Ù#
Ø
#¿Ü ÌÄþj~XþSþ<ýÌÄþ"ÿýûK #%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#üÜ
ë
Ù#
Ø
#¯Ú a½4]þýÅûÓþÊü[)>ýúXþfÌÄþj~XþSþ<ýÌÄþ"ÿýûKg# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚý
Ù#ä $M½þþ"KýdÿýÅû' ï4ÿvüÏþg!]Q<ýdÿýdüx#%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚ Ø
Ù#
ä #Ø
]Q<ý7ÿKýtÿPa½4lK7ÿ ü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚ
ä
Ù#ä #ä $À¼Óþ2þ<ýQÌ4þÿ`ýÅûK##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚÜ
Ù#ä #¯Ù oK ÿf$MÓþ"þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅû #%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚÚ
Ù#ä #¿Ü $À¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKMÌ4þØÿýÅû' #%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚ ò
Ù#¯Ù Ì4þj~XþþKýah [þ`üÅüBÿ$MÓþ"þýdÿýû #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#óÚÛ
Ù#¿Ü ]Q¼müÏû½ýÅûK]ÿqÌ4þj~ÚþSþ<ýFÿ$À¼Óþ2þýdÿýÅû' #%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ò ý
Ù#¯Ú ÂûØüj]üüÏû'ó##%#f# #f#%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ò Ú
Ù#¯Ú#Ø <ý7ÿKýÅûyÿq]Q<ûÓýÅû']ü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# ò Ú
Ù#¯Ú#ä þÿKýûRÿ}]QKKû½ýÅûK]ü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# òò
Ù#¯Ú#¯Ù ]QþýBÿ$jKþý<Ì4þj~XþþKýdü #f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ò Ý
Ù#¯Ú#¿Ü
,
LKXýûK@)MýÅúÚþx]QKKý47ÿKý<ûl2ýÅúXþfÌ4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ýQah þ`üü0#%#f# #f#%#
òë
Ù#¯Ú#¯Ú
,
LKXýûK@)ahKl7ÿü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Û Ø
Ù#¯Ú#ò
Lvÿ<ý7ÿlþ`ü_)MýúXþf¡}üÏþb)_]QKKý47ÿ[ý7ü«#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# ÛÙ
Þ
Ü#
Ø
<ý7ÿ·ä##%#%##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝKý
Ü#
Ø #Ø
}ùº ½þxûltÿýÅþ ##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝKý
Ü#Ø #ä ]QÿvüÅü< Óþf$<ýÅþ&) ÿþº#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝ ä
Ü#Ø #¯Ù ¢<tÿhû'l]ÿ`ýþOÿ¢<K]ÿq$<ýÅþ&) ÿþ ##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝÜ
Ü#Ø #¿Ü
}ùº ½þ`üM#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝ ò
Ü#
Ø
#¯Ú ]QÿvüÅü< Óþ #%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#üÝKÝ
Ü#
Ø #ò
]_^_`^baQc e
ä
]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK ##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
ëvä
Ü#
ä
þ"ÿ<ýÅûyü #%##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
ë Ù
Ü#ä #Ø
lvþdÿûRb KþüS)FÿM]_^[`4^baQc e ä ]þû~ÿýûK ##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ë Ù
Ü#
ä #ä
ÿ]ÿlþþKý)^< NÅþý<$&Kþ<ýÅû~]þ7üW# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
ë Ý
Ü#ä #¯Ù ý7ÿ`ýÅþ]ÿKþ #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ýKý
Ü#ä #¿Ü ù}dÿ]ülûÓýûÚüÏýÅþ"ü#%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ý Ø
Ü#ä #¯Ú $)CþÅþ"þ%Ì_ÓþÊüü##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ý ä
Ü#ä #ò þÿKýûRüh)FÿE]_^_`^baQc e ä ]þû¤~mÿýû #%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ØØ!ä
ÞßMà hÐqà0à ÐmÑ ÎÎ
Ú#Ø OÂþ"Xþ`üü.`&û'Xþ_pKlûR ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ØØ Ú
Ú # Ø #Ø Ì[Xûl
,
·Úÿ¼Óþ #%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ØØ"ò
Ú # Ø #ä OnpoK ÿ`þ ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ØØ Ý
Ú #
Ø
#¯Ù <ÿýûü) ÿýûÌ4þÿ`ýÅû' #%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Øä Ø
Ú#
ä
]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
Ì4þj~ÚþSþ<ý<##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Øä
Ý
Ú #
ä #Ø
]Q<ýdÿý4]ÿQ]_^_`^baQc e
ä
]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]ü ##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Øä
Ý
Ú #ä #ä ÌÄþG~XþfÌÄþ"ÿýûK ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ÙKý
Ú #ä #¯Ù Ì[Xûl
,
·Úÿ¼Óþ #%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ÙÜ
Ú #ä #¿Ü o ØÿÌ4þj~XþþKý #%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø ÙÛ
Ú #ä #¯Ú ÌÄþG~XþSþ"KýÌ4þÿ`ýÅûK #%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Ü Ø
Ú#¯Ù ]QKMüÏû½ýÅû']ÿh]_^[`4^baQc e
ä
ÌÄþG~XþSþ"Kýó#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
Ø
Ü©Ù
Ú #îÙ#Ø ]QMüÏûÓýûK]ÿh]QKKý47ÿ[ý]ÿd]_^_`4^naQc e ä © þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']ü#%#f# #f#%# #f# Ø Ü©Ù
!"#ÞÏqáHàÃàÐmÑâ Ñ×HÓÐ Î$Î
ò #Ø ]Q<ýdÿý4]ÿPahKl7ÿü #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø Ú Ø
ò #Ø #Ø Ì[Xûl
,
·XÿM½þ#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø Ú ä
ò #Ø #ä a½4lK7ÿ ü #f#%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÚÜ
ò #Ø #¯Ù Onp!oK ÿ`þnahKl7ÿüE#%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÚÛ
ò #Ø
#¿Ü ]Q<ý7ÿKýtÿPa½4lK7ÿ ü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ØòØ
ò #ä ]_^_`^baQc e ä $M½þSþGKýdÿýû #%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Øò Ü
ò #ä #Ø $À¼Óþ2þ<ýQÌ4þÿ`ýÅûK##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Øò Ü
ò #ä #ä
oK ÿf$MÓþ"þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅû #%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øò
Û
ò #ä
#¯Ù $À¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKMÌ4þØÿýÅû' #%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Ø Û Ø
ò #¯Ù ]Q¼müÏû½ýÅûK]ÿh]_^_`4^badc%e ä $À¼Óþþj<ý7ÿ`ýÅûK#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÛÙ
ò
#¯Ù#
Ø
]QMülûÓýûtÿh]Q<ýdÿý4]ÿPahKl7ÿüÃ# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Ø
ÛÙ
ò #¯Ù#ä ]QMülûÓýûtÿq$M½þSþGKýdÿýÅû' # #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÛÜ
ÏqáHàÃàÐmÑ×iÐ&%'#mÞ)(&Qà Ö×*PÖâÑ×iÓÐæf×HÐ,+}â.-â Î$/
Û#Ø ]_^_`^baQc e ä ]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üS)ÆÿLÿ ahKl7ÿü # #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÛÛ
Û#Ø #Ø ÆÿkLvÿ ahlK7ÿMSûlEpYÿl]ÿlþ2ÿÆÿLvÿxì}û'Åý4]ÿ§ÿ7úXûXþ:# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÛÝ
Û#Ø #ä ÆÿkLvÿ2ùd ]þ`ü #%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø Û ë
Û#Ø #¯Ù ÆÿkLvÿ þýÅú Xü»# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø Ý Ø
Û#Ø #¿Ü ÆÿkLvÿ0}þIXü #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø ÝÚ
Û#Ø #¯Ú ù0úXþÆÿLvÿE^< NÅþýn]QÿvüÅü ##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# Ø Ý ò
Û#
Ø #ò
ÆÿkLvÿ2ù0úÅþÊÿ]QØÿüü ##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øëä
Û#
Ø
#Û ÆÿkLvÿ
½þýT]QØÿüü#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øë
Ü
Û#
Ø
#¯Ý ÆÿkLvÿM 8þý7ü%#%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øë
Ú
Û#
Ø #ë
ÆÿkLvÿìMþýKT]QØÿüÅü#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øëò
Û#
ä
Ì_Xû'l
,
·ÚÿMÓþM#f#%# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
Øëò
Û#¯Ù
L<ûR[þ`ü½)iKn$M½þ2þj<ýÅû'l}ûÆÿLvÿ ##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ä
ýý
1 2%à Ò×34q×iÐ5%ßMà hÐqà0à ÐmÑfâÐqÔºÏqáHàà ÐmÑâÑk×HÓÐÕæ×iÐ&%Sà æjÑ76gà Ðà ÒâÑ×iÓmÐ Þ8þ
Ý#
Ø
$Ký4 ýÅû'ýùÆþÊüÏýn¢BþXþdÿýû #%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#
ä
ýÜ
Ý # Ø #ä o ÿ.ù.þ`ülýÅûl ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ýKÚ
Ý # Ø #¯Ù ùÆþÊüÏýnþ½þýû #%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ýÛ
Ý # Ø #¿Ü ah7ÿ[ýÅûR!ÿiù.þ`üÏýnþ"ÓþýûKM#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ýKÝ
Ý#ä OTKÅû:9<ý7ÿìMþÅû~ÿ`ýÅûK ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ýKÝ
Ý#¯Ù ìMþýÅûR!ÿìMþÅû~ÿýûK#f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
äØ
ý
Ý #îÙ#Ø a>ÿýÅûØÿh]Q<ýdÿý2##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# äØKØ
Ý #îÙ#ä ù}vý7ÿd]QKKý47ÿ[ý7üÃ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# äØ Ü
Ý#¿Ü ahKldÿóìMþÅû~ÿýûK #%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
äØ
Ú
ÿ;fÓ<qáHàÑà>=@?qâáiàAB(ÒÓ< ßMàC(Õ×iÒààÐÑænÑÓ+qâ.-âÏáiààÐÑâÑ×iÓÐ ÞÎ
ë #Ø $)iKÿ(Ì4þ¶ÚûÅþ"Sþý7üW##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# äØ"ë
ë #ä $Xû½ýÅûÿ]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'(*S]Mþ<ýdÿ½ûüÏþkEì}ûÓþ"IÇ#%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ää ý
ë #¯Ù o@û'7ülý<ÌÄþj~XþSþ<ý*§ }ÿýdÿM ÂûülýûXýûKM##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ää Ü
ë #¿Ü þkjgÌ4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ý*qï0þú]ÿL<û_ ÂûØüÏýûÚýÅûK #%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ää Ý
ë #¯Ú ù0úXû'8gÌ4þj~XþþKý"*h]QM XûyÿýûMpYÿþ:# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ÙKÙ
ë #ò $M½þ2þý7ÿ`ýÅûK(*iù0úXþfÆÿLÿ ahKl7ÿ ##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ü Ø
Î8DfÓÐÖáiÕqæ×HÓÐ Þ/
Ø ý #Ø Mÿ4 #%##%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Ü ë
Ø
ý #
ä
oXý4Åþ%°Úü #%#f# #f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
ä Ú ä
ÿ (FE ×Hææ>qÓ(ÖÓmáiâÑàGB(âÖÑÓÒ Þ//
#Ø ]_^_`4^naQc e ä ù.þ·<ý]ÿh]þû~ÿýûK]üE#%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ÚKÚ
#ä
]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
]üÏý47ÿ[ýn]þû¤~mÿýûtü ##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
äòvä
#¯ÙñÆÿLvÿJ©þ]QÿüüÏþ`üM#f#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
äò
Ü
#¿Ü ÆÿLvÿ
]üÏý47ÿ[ý<a½4lK7ÿ üñ#%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
äò
Û
#¯Ú
ahKl7ÿ
,
·<þjÚýÅûKg#%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# äò Ý
H I
(J6JâÃâK(FqæjÑà Þ/Î
ïn#Ø $Xû½ýÅûÿ]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'(* Ï ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Û Ø
ïn#ä o@û'7ülý<ÌÄþj~XþSþ<ý* ßÎ #%##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä Û ä
ïn#îÙ þkjgÌ4þj~Xþ"Sþ<ý*
ß@Þ
#%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f#
ä
Û"Ü
ïn#Ü ù0úXû'8gÌ4þj~XþþKý"* ##%##%#%##%##%#f# #f#%##%#%##%##%##%#f# #f#%# #f# ä ÛKÛ
ïn#îÚ ]_^_`^baQc e ä ]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üS)ÆÿLÿ ï4ÿülûRüT]QØÿüüÏþ`üg#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%# äëë
ïn#
ò
$M½þþ"KýdÿýÅû'(* ù0úXþÆÿLvÿahlK7ÿ #%#f# #%#f# #f#%##%##%##%#f# #%#f# #f#%#QÙýÙ
W é÷öÊë ð ³ æö'X@ëé
°û½ýÅúXû'ü.)Cý&I4ÿþOþlvûXþþ"Åûlýþ úXûR¶Xþ`üG)i ÿqSþýÅú Xü[LKûyKþOÿMÿ`ýÅúXþ"ÿýûRÿ)idÿSþG`
Iýtut;w768P>67"FîuPFRDT;6GDE6Gu AHYÿs6G1GF5"wü&)Cý&I4ÿÅþOü&XülýÅþ üj#
ý&Xûyÿü.)Cý&IÁÿÅþJKþLþ'Sþ"Ký< [þ`üÅü% þ"lûtüI4ûÓýÅúýÅúÚþtut;w7"F¤7MXú]ÿvüÏþSýú]ÿýHþ]ÿÓþ`ü6ý
7ú]ÿdÿýþÅûØüÏþBýÅúXþfj½ûÓþ<ýµÀüÅþk¶Xû'ÅþþKýdüj#.ù0úÚûüSXú]ÿvüÏþ%4 þ`ü0ýúXþ¼1=64Z FR1=6=DE6GuA7&64\F|\8tABFR3u
ýú]ÿýqKþÊüjû]þ`ü4]þÅýûÓþ`ü)XýúXþFü.ÚüÏýþý<]þKþLþ']þ#q^TþMýÅúXþQÅþk¶Xû'ÅþþKýdüKú]ÿLþh]þþ
þ`ülý7ÿÓûØüÏúXþýúXþf>67"FîuEXútÿüÏþ<4 þ`ü~düÏýMÿ!t87GA14t\jA7"wk7GA&6GDú7&64\F|\8tABFR3u ýú]ÿýKþ`ü4jÅû']þ`ü
ÿ]þ7ÿ`ýÅû']ÿm¼ KþÄH]þú]ÿL<ûjÅ().ýÅúÚþ4ü.ÚüÏýþ!#iù0úXþBÿ]üÏý47ÿ[ý0ü&XülýÅþõü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK2üÏúKR
þ`ü.]þýFýÅúXþ%þ¶ÚûÅþ"Sþ<ýMü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK(#
^<XþM)BýÅúXþ¼I4ÿXün)iþ`ÿ7úXûlÿPûM½þSþGKýdÿýû)i4 ÿ ÿtüÏýdÿý2ü&XülýÅþ ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'
ûØü 4L<ûR<þ ýÅúXþ7GA&6FYhF¤76J1=6|dum6GDE6GuA)_)i ÿ4ü&XülýÅþ ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüj#ù0úXûü6ýÅþ7úXûy¶Úþ
jK]üÏûØüÏýdü½)(lK7ÿ ]ÿ'Oýdÿ]ü)i4Sûl6ýúXþBÿ]ülýdÿýÁü.ÚüÏýÅþ" ü.]þû~ÿýûK(û KþMý%½þý>ûÓýMýdÿþ
û'Ký4}ÿKjKýh¼ÅþÁÿMKÅþSK]þ7ÿ`ýÅûK]ÿj]ülýdÿû<ý7ühþÿ`ýÅþ6ý6ýÅúXþ4þ"·KþGXýÅû'þ"L<û4Sþ"Ký"#
)CýþgÿüÏþ"ÅûÓþÊü)§Åþj~ÚþSþ<ýiüÏýþ]üj<ÿ¼\83u\1=6A.6_7"wk7GA&6GDú7&64\F|\8tABFR3uûüqÅþ`ÿK úXþkýÅú]ÿ`ý_Kþ`ü4jÅû']þ`ü
ÿ K]þ7ÿ`ýÅûK]ÿM KþK)]ýúXþFü.ÚüÏýÅþ"!ÿ+ýdÿþ`ü»û'Ký4BÿjK<ý@ýúXþj]ülýdÿû<ý7ü()ÚýÅúÚþ þ"·KþGXýÅû'
þ L<ûKSþ<ýMÄiKldÿMSû'lÿl]ÿlþBþ·KþkjXýÅû'Wÿ`ý.)i4!4þý8K#¤Å8#$ù0úÚþjGÅþýþü.ÚüÏýÅþ"
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'ülúR)bjK7ülþgÅþ`ü& þkýýúXþÿtüÏýdÿý2ü&XülýÅþ ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'ÿÿüI0þ"0ýúXþ
þ¶ÚûÅþ"SþýMü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(#
ýMýÅúXþ}þ"E)gýÅúÚþ%Kþ`ülûl¼Xú]ÿülþXýÅúÚþ FRDT;6GDE6Gu AtABFR3uüÏýÅþ"MÓþ`ÿKXü ý42ÿþ·<þjXýdÿ½þTlK7ÿ!#
$ýÅúXþg!ÿüÏþ¼) ÿ!Kþ`ülûlKXú]ÿvüÏþM]þ&)iþI4û½ýÅúülýÅþ I4ûülþEþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý»ýúXþgjKjÅþ!ýÅþü.ÚüÏýÅþ"
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'ûü4ýÅúÚþý7ÿ]ü.Øÿýþû'Ký4Sÿþ·<þjXýdÿ½þn4ldÿ I_ÅûÓýýÅþg]ülûlÿ1381tDDFRuK
;tuKZt 68#
TÅûl!Kþ`ülûlKÿû'MÓþ"þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅû'(»ýúXþs6=1jF|\8tABFR3uülýÅþûØü Xþkþ`üÅüÿ4û'KþOý üÏúI%*
~düÏý"»ýÅú]ÿ`ý6ýÅúXþ2ÿ]üÏý47ÿ[ýOü.ÚüÏýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûûØünjKÅþkýnI_Åý6ýúXþÅþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"KýÁü.]þû~ÿýûK(U
ülþjXýÅú]ÿ`ý}þLþ4Sü&XülýÅþ ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(KXý7ÿ`ûXþkûl2ýÅúÚþKþ`ülûlKXú]ÿvüÏþ]ûü<jKÅþký_I_Åý
ýúXþ}ü&XülýÅþ ü&]þû¤~mÿýû2ýÅútÿýSÅþþkKþ`ü>ûÓýMû2ýÅúÚþnÅþj~XþSþ<ýq þÊüÅüjÚÿ2ûü0ülýÅû'jKþýQI_Åý
ýúXþ%Åþ¶XûþSþýFü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(UÚÿ~tÿ'Kýú]ÿýBýÅúÚþ+þ"·KþGXý7ÿÓþnlK7ÿ!KXý7ÿ`ûXþûl
ýúXþOûMÓþ2þj<ý7ÿ`ýÅû'gXú]ÿvüÏþ.ûübj4Åþý<I_Åý6ýúXþ jjÅþýþOü&XülýÅþü.]þû~ÿýûK(.ÿI_ý+ýúXþ
ä
]ÿÅý<)PI4ú]ÿýBûü0ý47ÿ<ûÓýÅû']ÿ'gÿ'Óþst;FR>tABFR3u#
o4ÿBü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']ü ÿl]ÿlþ`üSÿ'Ióý4þ· Åþ`üüxþ¶XûþSþý ü.]þû~ÿýûK]üjBÿü I0þ'Bÿü
ÿtüÏýdÿý ÿ!jKjþýÅþ ü.ÚüÏýÅþ"óü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üj#%/213j6G18Aw¥&31jFH6=uA.64>M)i ÿiü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü_ÿ`
ltÿlþÊüj½ûþlvûRÿÿl]ÿlþ`üGXÿþTIFþ`lü&XûÓýþY)iKMþ·Åþ`üüÏûl+ýúXþ<Åþ¶XûþSþýiü&]þû¤~mÿýû§
XýBûÓýBûü_MKÅþfKû¤¾Jj½ý4ý ]üÏþHýÅúXþ" )iK6ü.ÚüÏýþóü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üG#n]Q Lþ7ülþqD3>68;¯¥&31jFH6=uA.64>
)i4ÿÚü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ühÿltÿlþÊüj½ûþ2a@þýûXþýdüj<ÿþ_I0þ'¤`sü.Xû½ýÅþ )iKMþ·Åþ`üüÏûl6ü.ÚüÏýþ)ü& þk=`
û¤~mÿýûtüjXýBÿÅþ%výTIFþ`lü&XûÓýþx)i4þ"·þ`üÅülûlOýúXþ%Åþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"Kýdüj#
o4ÿQSþýú Xü}ýdÿKû½ýÅû']ÿ]ülþÿüÏû'l½þx)iKÿ0ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü ÿltÿlþg)iHþ·Åþ`üüÏûl
ýúýÅúÚþSÅþk¶Xû'ÅþþýYü.]þû~ÿýûK(ÿ+ýúXþFü.ÚüÏýþ$ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üG#°úXþ6ýúXþ úüÏþ%)i4ÿ
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üTØÿlK]ÿlvþSûü ÿJ'lvûRÿhÿl]ÿlþiýÅúXþ2ü&]þû¤~mÿýûýdÿü&ûüTMKÅþ:Kû¤¾Jj½ýXý
ýÅúÚþnLþÅû~ÿ`ýÅûKýdÿü&Xü0ûØüdÅþkþ2ý2üÏúI4û'lKlûyÿ]û¼Óûyÿýûtüj#(°úXþSýúXþf úüÏþ"E)i4ÿ
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üØÿlK]ÿlvþûü%M Kþ`KÅû½þKýþgü.]þû~ÿýûK]üOÿþ@¼Åþ2þ`ÿvüÏû'ÿ0I0þ".)i'
þ· ÅþÊüÅüÏþk# OTI0þLþ"»ýÅúÚþELþû¤~!ÿýÅû' ý7ÿü&tü.]ÿ)iK'IBü6ÿû')i4ÿhIÁÿÃÄ´þ#¿l# üÏû Øÿk`
ýÅû'ÅXülûþ ûÓý4ûüKû¤¾Jj½ý0ý4 KþýÅþ"Sû'Xþ4û¤)iýúXþ Ä´ú lþÅüÏþý_)MÿmüÅülû½þ ]þútÿkL<ûK7ü0ýú]ÿý ÿþ
Åþ"Åþ`ülþ<ýÅþE SýúXþHü.]þû~ÿýûK(XÿÅþüÅüÏû'ÓþHÿKþÊüÏûþE]þú]ÿL<ûK7ü_)gýÅúXþHü&XülýÅþ!#
ù0úXþ<KÓþ"û) ýÅúXþ<7úvûRþ_]þý&I0þ!þOÿ%M Kþ`KÅûÓþ"Kýþ6ÿSÿn4]þý.`BÅû½þ<ýÅþ )iKÿXü& þk=`
û¤~mÿýûtüSÿl]ÿlþûØüSý ÿ þ`ÿü&Sý7ÿvü.]üÏû'þ%Åþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"ý0ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü4ÿ ü.ÚüÏýÅþ"(ü& þk=`
û¤~mÿýûtü4ÿÅþ%ýúûMKÅý7ÿKýFûýÅúÚþ<þLþKSþ<ýh4 þ`üüÂÿvü[výÅþM gahÚþÓûB*
g hjiii"k %6Gs6GuÃF5fYd6¼>64\FR>6AB3!t>3jA[7"w7GA.6GDü7&64\F|\8tABFR3ut7 AC6xDtFRu7&64\F|Q¥
\8tABFR3uD3>6h5"31;t1i6%7"wk7GA&6GD 78_ARC6G1=6:F¤7%7GAF;';tuFRDT318AtuA213;6fAB31=64"ZFR186GDE6GuA
7&64\F|\8tABFR3u<lnmA_F¤7:A C6:j67GAbtu>D37GA21jFî3143Z©7oYhtwMAB3st;{FR>tA.6ARC6:\831j1864\jAu6787
3.5%ARC6n7"wk7GA&6GD 7&64\F|d\8tAFR3u<l g p
ÿrq_%ÐÕqàái×ts ÚÜ.u
$!Kþ}ý4@Åûlÿü.'XýÅû'ýSýúXþ4½þ )4ýÅúÚþ úvûRþf]þý&I0þþ ÿMM Kþ`KÅûÓþ"Kýþÿ
ÿ0]þý&`BûÓþ<ýÅþ0)iKÿ6ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üMÿltÿlþ©ü&Sþ!M <þ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü
ÿltÿlþÊüútÿkLþBÿK¶Xûþÿn4]þÅý&`KÅû½þKýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüÿl]ÿlþ#Mù0úÚûü>ûü I_2ÿü>ýúXþ
AvYh3@;tuKZt 67T5"14tDE6Yh31xwKþ`ü4jÅû' þk.ÿ¼lMvýÅúXþ"7üja½ Xþ½û.û
s
ÚÜ.uB*}ÿE'lvûRÿhÿl]ÿlþ
ûüQ]üÏþk¼)iK4þ· Åþ`üüÏû'lÅþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"Kýdüjvÿ ÿM Kþ`KÅûÓþ"KýþxØÿlK]ÿlvþûØüd]ülþE)i<Kþ`ü4jÅû'Xûl
M Kþ"üSBû¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûK]üj#Q$ ÿKûÓýû§ ýúXþ'lûyÿ(ØÿlK]ÿlvþOûüBÿØü.M]ülþJ)iKÂý47ÿ]ü.ØÿýÅû'l
ýÅúÚþOü.ÚüÏýþ ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûKû'Ký4E'lûyÿq4]þÅýûÓþ`üG»ÿýÅúÚþLþÅû~ÿýûKýdÿü&ûü4ýÅúÚþþ`ÿ½û39þ
ûýúXþ%lvûRÿ)i7ÿSþISK#
ù0úXþLþÅû~ÿýûK}ýÅú]ÿ`ý>ÿ_4ldÿíûü(jKÅþký(I_ÅýgÿÂü&XülýÅþ ü.]þû~ÿýûKûü.ÿ<KÓþ üÏûûÿ]ý
ýÅúÚþdKXþS)LþÅû)iKû'l0ýú]ÿýgÿÂü&XülýÅþíü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'6ûüqjKÅþký(I_ÅýiýÅúXþÅþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"ý»ü&]þû¤~mÿýû§#
ù0ú ]üj.ýÅúÚþE]ülþ)Äÿ@KlûyÿhØÿlK]ÿlvþû'ÿKKû½ýÅûKý4 ÿJlK7ÿMSûlEØÿlK]ÿlvþüÏúKRúXþ'
)i4ýúXþ%LþÅû~ÿ`ýÅûKSý7ÿvü.#
$SýÅúÚþnÿvüÏý<Kþ!ÿKþ`üGK)CþI ÿýýÅþ¼Xý7üMú]ÿLþT]þþgKþÅýdÿþ2ý G]ülûRKþFýÅúXþ6ûyKþ`ÿ )iû<ýÅþj`
ldÿýûlÿvüÅülþÅýûtüÄû'Ký4E4lK7ÿ üj#_KÅþþþ<ý'þ"þ
s
Úýyuiú]ÿvüTKMýþSýÅúXûØüÄûyKþ`ÿ ]ÿ
þLþglKþ`üÂÿüÏýÅþ"@)iýÅúXþ"#S$<þþXúXþ ÿL !ÿýÅþÊüÄýú]ÿý" û'KþBý) ÿþ6ýúXþ4½þü)j&`
ÅþkýXþÊüÅüjþLþ"4ldÿó]þdÿýûÄCû]ülýýÅû'MKSKXýÅû'Xþ% mÅFülúRM]þ6ü.ÚüÏýþÿýûRÿ'
g h@iii"k t7xt!\83u\j6ABZt;A33;5"31Etut;wk7"F¤78Y>67"FîuYFRDT;6GDE6=uAtABFR3u«tu>!>3\"Z¥
DE6GuABtAFR3unC68;FRuZ7 A3Z F;>7"3.5GAvYht186FRu'Y(CFR\=CÃ1868;FRtF;{FAwF¤7 Z F;îAi¥&FRuf14tA C6G1
A Ctut\=CFH6Gs64>31tAHA&6GDTA&64>t.5GA&6G1AC65"t\jA_A C143ZC!>6=Z"FRuyfFRu!F;;7A&6G1jD 78
6Gutj;{FRu!Z7AB3MZ F;>\831j1864\jA13814tD 7btu>AwKu3 Y»FA4l g p H
q[ à à Òs ÚKý.u
ù0úXþQI%þ`üÏþ"KýþÂûHýÅúXûØü»ýÅúXþÊüÏûü»ûØü}]þ&)i4SþÂû'+ýúXþd)idÿSþ"IS4T)Yÿ_M Kþ`KÅûÓþ"Kýþ2)iKÿ
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üqÿl]ÿlþÿ'ÓþE]_^_`4^naQc e ä Ä.]Qjþ<ý[^< NÅþ[ý.`4^TûÓþ<ýÅþka@þý4ÅûcÂþýdü=Å8#P$°ý>ûü
ÿ NÅþký.`BûÓþ<ýÅþT)iKÿ<ü.]þû~ÿýûK]ü}ØÿlK]ÿlvþI4úXûy ú ÿ'IBüGjÅþ"KýiÿKûülýûXýþ
ü&XülýÅþüiý]þbKþ`ü4jÅû' þk û'SýÅþ4ü)4*>üÏý4[ýþMa@þý4ÅûÚþý Kþ`ü4jÅû'Xûl ]þútÿkL<ûKÚÿÿlvþj`
dÿûy+ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü_Kþ`üGÅûÚûl Xÿ`ý7ÿ2üÏý4ý4ÅþÊüj#Fù0úXþ%LþÅû~ÿýûKýú]ÿý ÿ4ldÿ j4Åþý4
û'MÓþ"þGKýdü.ÿ ]_^_`^baQc e
ä
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'OûüPjþ<ý%þ`ÿ½ûüÏþk ýÅúÚþ_Sþ`ÿtü})iÿÚý ÿýÅûyÿ'
lvþXþdÿýÅþk+ýÅþÊüÏýQÿvüÏþ`üqXû½ýI4û½ýÅú'lûyÿ)i4EÿþKþ"ÅûLþkY)iKñýúXþT]_^_`4^naQc e ä ü.]þû~ÿýûK(#
o4EÿþFÿÅþ4þ· ÅþÊüÅüÏþk]üÏû'l}ýÅúÚþ<OÂþXþÊüÅü.`ÀûÚþ7ÿ úXû'l` ýÅû'SþMýÅþ¼mK7ÿ'lûynÄOnp(Å
I4úXûy úûØü}ÿ@Lþ"ülûMÓþ%KlûRI0þ"¤`sü.ÚûÓýÅþkJ)iHÿXýKÿýûRÿlþÚþ7ÿ`ýÅûlJ)iK ÿ`þ#
ülþÅû½þ`ü
)%ISKÚüSÿ4ýÅúÚþ]_^[`4^baQc e ä ØÿlK]ÿlvþútÿkLþjtüÏûR<þ7ÿþûR7úXþýÅúÚþ]_^_`^baQc e ä
)idÿSþI4#qOTI0þ"LþýÅúÚþÅþ6ûü4ülýÅû'.ÿÿK= ) ÿÅûlK4]ü<KþLþ'þKýQSþ!ýÅú KKl#
ù0úXûØü>ýÅúXþ`ülûühûlü ü&Sþ4þ"ÓþSþ"Kýdü}]ülþj)i)iK0þ`ülý7ÿÓûØüÏúXû'lHü.7úSÿ%Kþ"LþKSþ<ý(Sþýú 'lK#
ýÅúXþ"!) üÏýþI4ûØüÏþMþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý}ÿû¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûK)<M Kþ`KÅûÓþ"Kýþü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]ü}ûü
4ülþ4ýÅútÿý ÓûÓþÊüI4ûÓýÅúÚûýÅúXþ üjK]þ!)6ýúXþý.IØÿlK]ÿlvþ`üx)idÿSþI4Fÿü Kþ`ü4jÅû' þk0
ah XþÓûBXÿýÅú]ÿ`ýn]ülþ`ü[Xû½ý.`ûM)Cþ`ÿý4ÅþÊü2)iK6ÿ Åþ`üüÏûlSýÅúXþ:j4Åþ[ýXþ`üü0ûüü.XþYÿü ÿL ÿ`ýÅþ
Mþ"þ#P$ÀKþþ<ýÅúXûØü0ýÅúXþÊüÏûüSüÏþ`üG*
+
ÿxlvþXþdÿ.ýúXþ4E)iBýÅúÚþülýÅþ I4ûülþ%Åþj~ÚþSþ<ýMÿû¼Óþþj<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKE)h¼ Kþ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþk
)i4ÿBü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üG_I4úXûR7ú ÿL ÿ`ýÅþ`ü2ýÅúXþ]üÏþ) ÿ¼ Kþ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþk-ØÿlK]ÿlvþÿ
ÿ@'lûyÿQØÿlK]ÿlvþ Åû'lýÅúXþ I4ú½þgKþLþ"Sþ<ý_ þÊüÅüÿýúXþû'M½þþ"KýdÿýÅû'
Xú]ÿvüÏþU
+
ÿ2ÿÓûyÿýûK)YýúXûü.ýÅúXþ"6ý4ÂýúXþT]_^_`4^naQc e ä ÿltÿlþ©tüÏûlÂýúXþ_OÂþ"Xþ`üü.`&û'Xþ
KlûRKU
+
ÿI4ÿ«)dÿýûRÿÃLþû¤)i<ûlýÅúÚþj4Åþý4Xþ`üüE) ýÅúXþ!þj~XþþKý þ`üüÿ ýúXþ
ûMÓþSþG<ý7ÿýûKEXútÿüÏþ©MtüÏûlOýÅþ`ülý_lþXþ"7ÿýûK(#
ù0úXûØü( útÿXýþ~7ülýÅþ`ülþKýdü»ýÅúXþQMvýÅû'Lÿ`ýÅû']üYÿ6ýÅúXþÅû'ûÓþq)]ýúXþFüÏýÅþ"I4ûØüÏþQÅþj~XþSþ<ýYÿ
û'MÓþ"þGKýdÿýû6ýúXþ4#dþjûÓýKûü4j]üüÏþ`ü@ýúXþ<müÏû½ýÅûKXûl ).ýúXûühISKOû'OýÅúXþ_)i7ÿSþISK
)>ýúXþ]_^[`4^baQc e ä ÿl]ÿlþYÿJ~]ÿ'û½ý_Xý4ÓûÚþ`ü0ýÅúXþ%ÿ`ûgG<ýÅû'Xýûtüj#
n_n"_A # #D
ù(7ÿKKûÓýûtÿKþj~ÚûÓýÅû']üQ)gülýÅþ I4ûülþTþj~XþþKýq)iS¼ Kþ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþkOü.]þû~ÿýûK]üdØÿlK]ÿlvþ`üj
þ¶ÚûÅþFýÅú]ÿ`ý0ýúXþY(C3;6T]þútÿkL<ûKK0ÿ`ýS½þ`ÿülý ýúXþ<I4ú½þTK]üÏþ4Lvÿ½þT]þú]ÿL<ûKKþ`üGÅû]þ
ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký]ülýÅþ§#d7ú6ÿ_Åþ¶Xû'ÅþSþ"ýXûü»ý4}ülýKlvüÏû'þj)i4$ÿS7ÿ[ýÅûR!ÿvû<ý()L<ûÓþI%[ûÓý.ûØü
výdþ`ÿ½ûülýÅûRMý%Åþk¶Xû'Åþ4ýúXþ_I4ú½þT]þútÿkL<ûKMý%]þTÅþ`ülþLþ#$OýúXþn!ÿüÏþ<)§M Kþ`KÅû½þKýþ
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üG ýúXþn]þú]ÿL<ûKS).ýÅúÚþ6ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûKþ"·½ûRû½ý'<þ`üjû]þ`üMÿ tÿÅýûRjÿÁü.KXýû§
ÿ û'MÓûyûÓý4gKþ`ü4jÅû' þÊüY]þýÅû½þ`üT)BýúXþ2ü.ÚüÏýþ!#Où0úÚûü6üÏþý%)_4]þÅýûÓþ`ü%ÿ]þü.½ûÓý}û'
ý&IS ]ÿý7üG*T4]þÅýûÓþ`ü4ýÅútÿý6ÿÅþOü&]þû¤~m+ýýÅúXþ ü.'XýÅû'!4LKûyKþ@ ýÅúXþ ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK(Yÿ
þ`üüÏþ<ýÅûØÿK]þÅýûÓþ`üQÅþ¶Xûþ2ýÅúXþYjÓû½þKý"#(°ú]ÿý4ú]ÿvü0ý]þnþ`üÏþ"Lþ ûl ÿÅþj~ÚþSþ<ý
üÏýþûØüYýýúXþMI4úKÓþM]þútÿkL<ûKMÄ ÿúXþþÿ'MýÅúXþMtÿÅýûRjÿ%4]þýÅûÓþÊü=Å8qXýf'ýúXþ
67876Gu AFRt;h4]þýÅûÓþÊü0ýÅú]ÿ`ýTÿþÂýúXþHü.ÚüÏýþójKLþÚûÓþ<ýh)iBýÅúXþfj½ûÓþ<ý#
ù0úXþ6û½ý( þkjSþÊümXþ[þ`üÅüÿ ý< þFÿÓþFý_ÿþ>ýÅúXþKûØüÏýûýûKn]þý&I0þþ%]ÿÅýûRjØÿ(4]þýÅûÓþÊü
ÿ þÊüÅüÏþ"Kýûÿ4]þýÅûÓþÊüj#Sû'þ<M Kþ`KÅûÓþ"Kýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüdÿltÿlþÊüTÿvýS]þ%]üÏþ2ý
þ· ÅþÊüÅü+þ"·½ûRû½ý'4]þÅýûÓþ`üGhI0þ ÿ L ÿýþýúXþM]ülþg) ÿ ÿ<ûÓýÅû']ÿ_KlûR!ÿSØÿlK]ÿlvþM)i
þ· ÅþÊüÅüÏû'l4ýÅúÚþd]þýÅû½þ`üj#Q]þû¤~mÿýûtü.ÿÅþMýúXþ%ÿ<þd)Xý&I_]ÿý7üjÿ[M <þ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþ_]ÿÅý
þ· ÅþÊüÅüÏþk%þ"·þ`üÅülûlýÅúÚþü&XülýÅþêü.]þû~ÿýûK(4ÿÿ4]þý.`BÅû½þ<ýÅþ]ÿÅý2þ·Åþ`üüÏûl
ýÅúÚþK þ"ÅýÅû½þ`üÂý4MÅþÊüÏþ4Lþ#n°þ !ÿ2\83uAB1t\jABýÅúXþ]þý&`BûÓþ<ýÅþg]ÿý.ÿW\83uA14t\jABZt;
7&64\F|\8tABFR3uýÅúÚþ tÿû_ ÿKþn)Fÿ2ü.]þû~ÿýûKÿÿG<ý7ÿKý#
ù0úXþbKþj~ÚûÓýÅû')(ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký.ûØüd<ûL<ûRKþ6ûOý&IS%]ÿÅýdüj*Mÿ6ü. KýdÿýûRÿtÿÅýMýú]ÿýÁüÏþýýÓþÊü>ü. Kýdÿ=`
ýÅûyÿqÓþ`ü4ýÅú]ÿ`ý6ÿMjKjþýÅþHü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'ú]ÿvüÂýMþ`ü.]þ[ýTI_ý6ÿEMKÅþHÿ]ülýdÿý6ü&]þû¤~mÿýû§U
ÿÿOülþÿKýûRÿmtÿÅý_I4úÚûR7úSþ]ü&Åþ`ü0ýú]ÿý4ýúXþ%jKKý47ÿKý_)ÿ ÿtüÏýdÿý ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'SûØüSÅþj`
üÏþ"Lþ ýÅúXþjKKý47ÿKýE)Hÿ!MþgjjÅþýþ ü.]þû~ÿýûK(#0°þ!!ÿBü&7úÿ!ÅþG~XþSþ"Ký">ÿ
1=6'|um6GDE6Gu A<8t764>M3u!\83uAB1t\jAR7G#
ü6ÿ'Åþ`ÿK!Sþ<ýÅû'XþkÿLþ.ýÅúÚþûyKþ`ÿM)bjKEÚûXû'lSÿgM Kþ`KÅû½þKýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûI4ûÓýú
4]þÅýûÓþ`ü6þ· Åþ`üüÏþI4ûÓýÅú%ÿlvûRÿSØÿlK]ÿlvþûØü výXþI%#^< NÅþý&`KÅûÓþ"Kýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü
ÿltÿlþÊüTÓû'þ çYèéhê ê ÿ@ì% n!íí]ÿü_I0þ"iÿüBü.KSþ%jØÿüüÏþ`ü_)MýûSþkEa@þ!ýÅûXþýdüÄþ¼2ÿ
üÏû'SûØÿBýÅþ7úXûy¶Úþ#ù0úÚþE]ülþE)BÿMKlûyÿQÿltÿlþ )i6þ· Åþ`üüÏû'lM4]þÅýûÓþ`ü}þtÿ½þ`ü}ýÅúXþ`ülþ
ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']ü%ÿl]ÿlþ`ü6ý@)iKÿ'4Lþ2ýÅútÿýOÿgÅþj~XþSþ<ý üÏýÅþ"ûü%jKÅþký#ù0úXþ üÏþý%)
4]þÅýûÓþ`üQ]üÏþk ý4ÿþ4ýúXþ%)>ûØüdlvþXþdÿ'ýúXþnI4úKÓþHüÏþ!ýS)P4]þÅýûÓþ`üFüÅÿ`ýÅûü~]þM ýúXþ
M Kþ")gýÅúÚþü&]þû¤~mÿýû§#
ù0úXþ ]ÿýÅûyjÿÅû½ý.g)<Hÿÿ7úûü}ý&IS)iR*T~7ülýûÓýblþ`üHÿüÏýþ!)iÅýúXþ6ÿÿÚýÅúKÅûülþ`ü
ü.KSþ]þýÅû½þ`üÂý¼ þg;{37GAnûl ÿJþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý4üÏýþ(#6ù0úXþ2ü&]þû¤~tþ}ûü4ýÅúÚþ)iÅþþHýgÅþG~Xþ
4L<ûR<þ»jjÅþýþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüJÅþ`ülþLþýúXþG<ý7ÿKýg) MKÅþÿ]üÏý47ÿ[ýü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû']üG#
þGýúXþn]ülþn)PjKKý47ÿKý7ü>þ· ÓûyûÓý4Nû'Xþý4Oü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üFÿ2ýlK7ÿü þtÿ½þ`ü>ý
ÿÅþ`üü0ýÅúXþ%4½þ )b\831G1=64\jABum6787G#gù0úXþHü.]þû~]þE]ülý0þ· ½ûRû½ýflû'Lþ}ýÅúXþbK þ"ÅýÅû½þ`ü0ýÅútÿý
úXþnIÁÿ<ý7ü0ý4]þ%Åþ`ülþLþkEÅûl2ÿÅþj~ÚþSþ<ýMüÏýþ(#Mù0ú ]üj)iK(ÿSþ!ýÅú KKlûR!ÿvû<ýS)
L<ûÓþI%»ýúXûüT) ÿKû½ûÓý7ÿ`ýÅþ`üBýÅúXþÚûR<ûlg)[j4Åþ[ý6ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üjiülûþ2ýÅúÚþ j<ýdÿý%û'KýdüYKXý
ýÅúÚþ ]þýÅû½þ`ü0ý ]þ Lþ"Åû¤~tþ#
ù0úXþ%½ýÅû ÿýÅþblÿ)Fÿ2üÏýÅþ"I4ûØüÏþ%Åþj~XþSþ<ýMûü0ý4Eþ`ÿ7ú ÿû'M½þSþGKýdÿýÅû'(#P$°ýBüÏþþ ü ýÅúÚþ
]ÿ`ýdÿ4ýþ"·KýþýÅúXþýÅúÚþ4)nþj~XþþKýb]ÿülþWj<ýdÿýdüj>ý4ýÅúXþSû'M½þþ"KýdÿýÅû'(
MKÅþOþ`ü& þkûÿ ÿün4ldÿMûlMØÿlK]ÿlvþ`ügvýþ· ÅþÊüÅü}þ· ÓûyûÓý4SýúXþE]þýÅû½þ`ü )Bÿ
ü.ÚüÏýþ!# ù0úXþWFRDT;6GDE6=uAtABFR3uº8t764>03u»\83u A14t\jA 7Åþk¶Xû'Åþ`üýú]ÿý ÿjKKý47ÿKýE]þÿKKþý
ÿ@lK7ÿ!.û8<þý4J)iK ÿ\83uA14t\jABZt;(13814tD.ÿýÅú]ÿ`ý6ýÅúXûØüjKKý47ÿ[ý Åþ`ülþLþOýúXþ
"jKûl2ýýÅúXþ`ülþÅû'û'Óþ`üG»ÿ lþXþ"7ÿgýÅúXþK)Åþj~XþSþ<ýBÿ û'MÓþ"þýdÿýûg]ÿvüÏþ
Kgj<ýdÿýdü ú]ÿvüS]þþgKþG~Xþ)i_M <þ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþOü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüdÿltÿlþÊü4ÿE'lvûRÿÿ`
lK]ÿlvþ`üj#
Óýúlú ûÓý2ûüEþ`üÏþ"Kýþèû' ÿlþÚþ7ÿnI4ÿ4ýÅúÚûüýúXþ4ûØüEMülý'ýÅúKlú<ýM)i
KûØüÏý4ÅûXýÅþOÿ jGþKýFü&XülýÅþüG#q$ÀKþþvýÅúXþ<ISKþ`üÏþ<ýÅþkûOýÅúÚûü>ýÅúXþÊüÏûü>ûØühjþ
û'ýÅúXþ )i7ÿþISK!) ýÅúÚþ]_^_`^baQc e ä ØÿlK]ÿlvþQI4úXûR7úÃKþj~Xþ`üÿ!Gÿüü) úXûlvú`BÓþLþ½a@þýû
Xþ!ý7üSI0þ"¤`sü.ÚûÓýÅþkx)iBü& þkû¤)i<ûl <ûüÏý4Åû'XýÅþkSÿjjþ<ýBü.ÚüÏýÅþ"üj#
ù0úXþ¼lþXþ"7ÿMýúXþ4)nþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý6ÿûM½þ2þKýdÿýû]ÿülþWjKKý47ÿ[ý7ü+útÿü]þþÿ`
½ûÓþý46ýÅúXþ%]_^_`^baQc e
ä
)i4ÿ]ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü½ØÿlK]ÿlvþUXýÅúÚþnOÂþ"Xþ`üü.`&û'XþqKlûy ÄBOnp(Å
ûØü ]ülþ)iOþ· ÅþÊüÅüÏû'lýúXþgjKKý47ÿKý7üK ]_^_`4^badc%e ä ü.]þû~ÿýûK]üj#û'þ]_^_`4^naQc e ä ûü
ÿK NÅþý.`BûÓþ<ýÅþkü.]þû~ÿýûK]ünÿl]ÿlþ>ýúXþû'M½þþ"KýdÿýÅûK) ]_^_`4^naQc e ä ü& þkû¤~!ÿk`
ýûtü0ú]ÿüT]þþ"û'LþÊüÏýÅû'lÿ`ýÅþE)i_K NÅþý&`KÅûÓþ"KýþMKl7ÿMSû'lØÿlK]ÿlvþ`üjU(ObpûØüS]üÏþM)i
þ· þ`üÅülûl)i4EØÿþ%!lK7ÿüj#KSþvýÅúXþ"nISKÚüT]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
ÿýýÅþ¼XýÂý4gKû'Åþý4
û'MÓþ"þGKýn]_^_`4^badc%e ä ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüYtüÏûlýúXþ ÆÿLvÿ@4ldÿMûl ÿl]ÿlþ#ù0úXþþj)iþ
ÿ`ýÅýÅþ"Kýûú]ÿvü ]þþlvûLþý4þj~XþþKý<4 þ`üÅülþ`ü+þ"KûlI4ûÓýúÿû¼Óþ2þ<ý7ÿ`ýÅûKXútÿüÏþ
]ülûl¼ÆÿLvÿ#%$K8Kþ ý)iÅýúXþnÚûÓýBÿ¼KþLþ'Sþ"KýSþýÅú 'lg]ülûl]_^[`4^baQc e ä ÆýúXþ
jKþýÚþ`üÅü>ûüü.Xþ6ú]ÿvüS]þþgjK]üÏûyKþþE<þ0ýúXþ6üÏþ"ÿ<ýÅûy4ÿ4ÿK ú(*FÿÚý ÿýÅûyÿ'flþXþ".`
ÿ`ýÅþSýÅþÊüÏý7ü4ÿÅþf]üÏþE)iK_LþÅû)iKû'lýúXþfj<ýdÿýdüSÅþ`ülþLvÿ`ýÅûK(#
A[QA#G
[ýÅûLþ_þ`üÏþÊÿ87úSûØüSj4Åþ<ý']þûl Gþû'ýúXþ]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
)i7ÿSþISK#>ù0úXþn)iKI4û'l
û'Kýdü4ü.¼ÿûüÏþ ü.KSþn]ÿvüÏý"mþ`üÏþ"KýÁÿM)iXýþ%IS4XüSK]_^_`4^naQc e ä *
+
C6 v_S¥8d/Qz¢¡/£@¦§31GDt;m?64\F|\8tABFR3u7%¨qtuKZt 6
ù0úXþ]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
ÿl]ÿlþhÅþ`ülþKýþ ï0û' þ"7üÏýþû
sØ
Üzu@ûØü6ÿK NÅþý.`BûÓþ<ýÅþk)iK.`
ÿiü&]þû¤~mÿýûtüTÿl]ÿlþ`ü<]ÿülþa@þ!ýÅû(Úþý7ü}ÿÿ'lþ7ÿûyü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üG#Bù0úXûü
ÿl]ÿlþ6ÿ'IBü>ýúXþn<þj~Xû½ýÅûK)ÆÿýûLþ<jKj4Åþ<ýh NÅþký7üh ]ÿSûR!ÿ'%jþ`ÿýþ<ÿ
ûGKþÊüd) ÿû'ÓûÓýûÓþ`ü)iK}ü&` ý. Xû'lÚÿ ü.`ÀjØÿüÅülûlU
+
?AB13uEb6|um6GDE6=uA
ù0úXþ%jÅþ"KýQ<þj~Xû½ýÅûKE)qÅþj~XþSþ<ýq)<]_^_`^baQc e
ä
ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üj ÚþÂý4ïS7ú]üMÿ
¢<Xþ¤~
s
ä Ø uXûü<]ÿülþ@KýÅúXþfXûülû ÿ`ýÅûKSþ¶XûLvÿÓþ[þ#
¼ÅþfjKjþýÅþ]_^_`^baQc e ä
ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK%Åþj~Úþ`ü.ÿ[¼ÅþgÿtüÏýdÿýQ]_^_`^baQc e ä ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'6û¤)ÚýÅúÚþ>ýdÿ]ülûÓýÅû' ü.ÚüÏýÅþ"
)HýÅúÚþJ)iKSþ"QÅþ`ülýÅûyýÅþkýýúXþþÓþ"Sþ<ý7ün)HýÅúÚþ@ØÿýýÅþ"0ûüXûØüÏû'EØÿýûPþ¶ÚûLvÿ½þKý
ýýúXþSýdÿ]ülûÓýû%ü.ÚüÏýÅþ" ) ýÅúXþMØÿýýÅþ"#ï0ûØüÏû ½ÿýûKþ¶ÚûLvÿ½þþþ¶ÚûÅþÊü ýú]ÿýOýúXþ
ýdÿ]ülûÓýÅû' ü.ÚüÏýÅþ"ü ú]ÿLþ}ýúXþHüÅÿSþ%7ÿ úÚûl2ülýýþU
+
mGu\"1=6GDE6Gu At;(/213AB3Aw8FRux68A C3>3;38w
OTØÿÿü
s
Ü©ÙyuKþ`ü4jÅû' þÊüP~7üÏýFÿ6ý)ijKMXû½ûlf]_^[`4^baQc e ä ü.]þû~ÿýûK]ü>û<ýHÿÿ`
üÏý47ÿ[ýQKûülýûXýþ}ûMÓþ2þý7ÿ`ýÅû'(!ÿOülþjÿ_ÿ ]ÿKXýÅû'Sûüÿýû%)]ýÅúXþÁÿ]ülýdÿý
ûMÓþSþG<ý7ÿýûK(Xû!K8Kþ ýgÅþ`ÿK ú ÿgjGÅþýþOûM½þ2þj<ý7ÿ`ýÅûK sÜÙu#Hù0úXþüüÏûÚûÓû½ý&
ò +
9bZA3DtABFR\67GAnrn6Gum6=1tABFR3u
ï4ÿ]þPïS útü+ÿa´þdÿûþ sØ!ä uKþj~XþÿýúXþK)BýÅþÊüÏýlvþXþdÿýû)iE]_^_`4^badc%e ä
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üG#ù0úXûØüýÅúXþ"Pþ]ÿÓþ`ü6ýKþÅû'Lþ})i4 ÿLþ"!ÿlvþülþý) ýÅþÊüÏý ÿvüÏþ`üG
ÿþþkülþý)}ýþ`üÏý:ÿülþ`üjhI4úXûy úPûüülýÅû'h)i'þþ`üÏþ<ý7ÿ`ýÅû'Lþ) ýÅúXþü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü
]þú]ÿL<ûK#Qa´þdÿûþ
sÚ ä uYú]ÿü_jKM½þýÅþýúXûüMýÅúXþ" I4ûÓýúÿýKiÿ½þ}ý ÿXý4ÿ`ýÅûyÿ'
lvþXþdÿýÅþ6ýúXþ%ÅþþSülþýT)>ýþ`üÏý<!ÿüÏþÊü[ÚûÓýI4ûÓýúObp@)iK ÿ`þU
+
3 Yht1>7Ytu@9<£KFR3DtAFR\ ?§6GDtuABFR\=7S5"31v_S¥8Q/dz¢¡/£
$)Cþþþ¼½þ`ü )igGMÚýÅûlÿ'TLvÿÓûRý47ÿtüÏûÓýûK]üSÿþ!KþG~Xþ)ig]_^_`^baQc e
ä
ï0û' þ"7üÏýþû
sØ Ü.uB#h$ÿKûÓýû§ìFÿ7úû
sÚ ë uKþG~Xþ`üMû)Cþþþ_4ÓþÊü½)i2j¼XýÅû'lHÿ'
û'Lvÿ½ûR6ý7ÿ]üÏû½ýÅû']üG#S¢Âû'LþOýÅúÚþ`üÏþBülþý7üh)§½þ`üj ïS7ú]ü>ÿì0ÿK ú
sÚ ë uj4Åþ<ý'HüÏý
úI ý Xýdÿû'ÿjKMÓþ!ýÅþ ÿ·<û ÿýÅûy}üÏþ"ÿ<ýÅûyü)i ÿOü.]ülþý<)%]_^_`^baQc e ä U
+
vQ3uA&6£ABZ t;SvQ331>FRutAFR3u
ïS sää u2Kþj~Úþ`üÿ!jKKýþ·<ý]ÿSG8<û]ÿ`ýÅûK«M <þh)i<ûüÏý4Åû'XýÅþk NÅþ[ýOü.ÚüÏýþü
ÿgKþj~XþÊü¤ 馥Rê ýÅútÿý4ûüFÿ ØÿlK]ÿlvþ )iFýÅúXþYj<ýÅþ·<ýtÿ(G8<û]ÿ`ýÅûKg)n]_^_`4^badc%e ä
ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üG#>ù0úXþM KþLKûyKþ`üG*G8<û]ÿ`ýÅûK2üÏý4ý4ÅþÊüj %Sþ`ÿtü)YúXûÓþ"7ÿ úÚûÓþ`ü
)(G<ýÅþ·<ý7üiÿ NÅþký7üGUÿ ]ÿûRQj ~ldÿýûtüj %Sþ`ÿ]ü}) NÅþýPSûlK7ÿýûK]üj
]ülþj)i(I4úXþ"ýúXþHÿ úXû½ýÅþ[ýþn)gýÅúXþfKûØüÏý4ÅûXýÅþü&XülýÅþ ]ÿSûyÿ' 7ú]ÿlþ`üGU
+
33;7
fÓ8Ó/qÐJÓ(ÓáHæsä
Ü.u.ûØü4ÿNÅþkýBÿû'Sûl ÿý<Kþ"LþKXûl ÿülþý_)gýKü<KþKûyÿýþý4ýúXþ
L<ûü&]ÿ½ûüÅÿ`ýÅû'(.þKû½ýÅû'(.ÿülû ÿ`ýÅûK)<l7ÿXúXûyÿFÿ ýþ·Ký4]ÿ_]_^_`4^naQc e ä ü& þkû¤~`
ÿ`ýÅû']üG#
Ml!ýÅúÚþ7üGdIFþ!ÿÃSþ<ýÅû'
fÓ8Ó/qЧqà Öå
QI4úXûy úûüOÿý4 ÿ½þý
Lþû¤)iýú]ÿýÿ]_^_`^baQc e ä ü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'ú]ÿü2ÿ!jKÅþký2ü. Kýdÿ·Pÿ üÏýdÿýÅûyüÏþÿKýûRüG#
fÓ8Ó/qÐJàæGÑ
ûüHÿýKS)i ÿXý4ÿ`ýÅûR!ÿ'lvþXþdÿýÅû'lýþ`üÏý:ÿülþ`ü
sÚ ä
uBU>ûÓýfj<ý7ÿ`û]üHÿ
þ<ûÓýKT)i%lK7ÿÚúXûRÿ'!LKû½þI4ûl!]_^_`4^naQc e ä ýÅþ·<ý]ÿFü.]þû~ÿýûK]ü}ÿü%I0þ'#
L<ûÓþ"I0þ
ÿÿOüÏû ØÿýKQ)%]_^_`^baQc e
ä
ü.]þû~ÿýûK]ü4ÿþGþKý4]þû'l2üÏý4KûÓþk#
)i4Sþ
ý4!ÿ½þ
SÓ(Óá
ÿXýKÿýûRÿ'ý47ÿtüÀ)i4ü[]_^_`4^badc%e
ä
ü.]þû~ÿýûK]ü0û<ýOúXû'lú'`
]ÿ7ÿÓþ"Óûülþ@]_^_`4^naQc e ä ü&]þû¤~mÿýûtü
sä ýu#
ù0úXþ2ülþÅû½þ`üT)IÚünSþ<ýÅû'XþÿmLþOú]ÿLþ jKKý4Åû'XýÅþkýM~düÏý6þ`ülý7ÿÓûülúýÅúXþM]_^_`4^badc%e ä
ÿltÿlþ©»ÿülþj ý4þ"Åûy úSýúXþ%ÿl]ÿlþfI4ûÓýÅúýúXþûÓþ`ü4ÿý4ØüÄþ`üüÏþ<ýÅûØÿØü0ýÿ7ÿK=`
ýÅûyÿtÿû']ülýûÿ]ülþT).ýúXþ ]_^_`4^badc%e ä ØÿlK]ÿlvþ#OTI0þLþ"ýúXþ%]_^[`4^baQc e ä )i7ÿþISK
üÏýû'ÿK=Úüh)iþ½þSþ<ý7ü(Óû'þ*m)i4ÿ4)üd)iK4ÿüüÏþýÅû'lýú]ÿýÁÿY)i4EÿÂûØü üÿýûüÀ~tþEý
ýÅúÚþnM Kþ)gÿE]_^[`4^baQc e ä ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû'(UÚÿSþýú 'lKE)PKþLþ'Sþ"KýMÿSÿý4)i4û½ýU
ÿl7ÿXúXûyÿiülû ÿ`ý"#
ù0úXûØü ýúXþ`ülûü+ûØü6ÿJ~düÏýOülýÅþýIÁÿ8Úü+ýÅúÚþSþ`üÏýdÿ½ûülúSþ<ýT) ÿKþ"LþKSþ<ýS)i7ÿSþISK(mvýÅú
ýÅúÚþþýÅûyÿ]ÿEdÿýûRÿ)i_]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
#o@ûlKÅþ
Ø #Ø
üÏúIBü ýúXþBýÅúXþKÅþýûRÿ]ÿülûüd)iü& úÿ
KþLþ"Sþ<ý)i7ÿþISK#
)Cýþ>ýÅúÚþ6ÿ]ÿÚüÏûØü½Úú]ÿülþKû')i4ÿþ¶XûþSþ<ý7üiÿþ%KþýþSû'Xþ#
^< ýúXþ]ÿülûü@)2ýÅúXþÊüÏþÅþ¶XûþSþ<ýüjBÿ ÿtüÏýdÿýj<ýdÿý4]ÿ ]_^_`^baQc e
ä
ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK
Ä.© þk¨©j]QKKý47ÿKý
¨
Å4ûØünKþL<ûülþI4úüÏþ G<ý7ÿKýT)iKÿþ· þ`üÅülþ`üÄýúXþÅþk¶Xû'ÅþþKýdüj#< T&`
ûlÂýúXþ_KþÊüÏûlKXútÿüÏþ©üÏþLþ"7ÿþj~Xþ"Sþ<ý»ülýÅþtü>ÿþS]þ.)iKSþkýÅú]ÿ`ý}~]ÿ'%Óþ`ÿK+ý4}ÿ<jjÅþýþ
jKKý47ÿ[ý]ÿ}]_^_`4^badc%e ä ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûKÄ&]þª©j]QKKý47ÿ[ý
ª
Å#Mù0úXþ4û¼Óþþj<ý7ÿ`ýÅûK%Xú]ÿülþ}ýÅúÚþ
]ülþ`üTlvþXþdÿýÅþkýÅþ`ülý7üT)i"*nLþÅû)iKû'lOýÅú]ÿ`ý6ýÅúXþM <þ)Bÿü.]þ[û¤~ÿ`ýÅû'ÿ[ý]ÿ üÅÿ`ýÅûü~]þ`ü}ûÓýdü
jKKý47ÿKýYÿû'ÿSülûSû'ÿSI4ÿM)i ýÅúXþfKl7ÿ Ä´úKÅû:9<ý7ÿLþû¤~!ÿýÅû'ÅULþÅû)iKû'lOýÅútÿý6ÿ
þj~XþþKýüÏýÅþ"Sûüj4ÅþýbÄHLþýÅûyÿLþû¤~ÿ`ýÅû'ÅUKÿE~]ÿ©Lþû¤)i<ûl}ýú]ÿýBÿlK7ÿ ûØü0ÿ
jKþýiûM½þ2þý7ÿ`ýÅûK ÄH4ldÿäLþÅû~ÿýûKÅ8#qï0þ`ülûRKþ`ü.ýÅúÚûü>ülþÿ<ýÅûyMÿ4ÿK úOý4Gþý&`
XþÊüÅüjYýÅúXþþj~XþþKýBÿûM½þ2þKýdÿýû¼]ÿülþKG<ý7ÿKý7übÿ]þ]üÏþÆû'ýÅúXþ)iÚýþ
ý4]þ.)iKóÿ·Kû'ÿ`ýÅûy[Lþû¤~!ÿýÅû' ýÅúÚþn]ÿülûüS)>ýúXþ6ÿ·<ûKÿýûRBüÏþ ÿ<ýÅûR!ü]þûl GþKý4
Kþ"LþK]þx)in]_^_`4^badc%e ä #þLþ)iXýÅþ%ISKgjKRM4LKûyKþ6ÿjKMüÏû½ýÅû']ÿ(ýû
)hþj~XþþKýQ]ÿvüÏþg¯¤ 馥Rê j¼mKXþ<ý7üG#
Informal Requirements
Horizontal Verification Spec Contract
Spec Contract
Spec Contract
Program Contract
Verification
Implementation Based on Contracts Implementation Refinement Based on Contracts
Design Analysis
0
1
n n
1 0
Generated Tests
Generated Tests
Generated Tests
Vertical Verification
Program Verification
Generated Tests
o@û'lþ Ø #Ø *
BþLþKSþ<ýQo7ÿSþI¼on]_^_`4^naQc e ä
x° ±²A[³D´7QA
ù0úXþ<ÅþÊü.½ý7ühÅþÊüÏþ<ýÅþû'ýúXûü>ýúXþ`üÏûØüj<ÿEI4úXûR7ú¼j<ýûXýþ4ýHýÅúXþBþ`üÏýdÿ½ûülúSþ<ý)gÿKþ"Lþ¤`
KSþ<ýh)i7ÿþISK)in]_^_`^baQc e ä ÿvüÄþ· ØÿûÚþSÿLþÿg þHü&Óû½ý4û<ýýúÅþ!þ!ÿýÅþ"lûÓþ`üG*
~düÏý"Kÿ%6=um6G1t;A C6431Gwn)güÏýþ I4ûüÏþ_þj~Xþ"Sþ<ý>ÿ û'M½þSþGKýdÿýÅû'%]ÿvüÏþEKSýÅúÚþ_]üÏþ<)PjK`
ý47ÿ[ý7üjU üÏþjK]ýÅúXþtj;{FR\8tAFR3u!)FýÅúXþÊüÏþýúXþKÅûÓþÊüÄý4SýÅúXþM]_^_`4^badc%e ä ØÿlK]ÿlvþ.ûK8Kþ"}ý
4LKûyKþBÿ}ýÅúXþK)iüÏýþ I4ûüÏþ_þj~Xþ"Sþ<ý>ÿ û'M½þþ"KýdÿýÅû'%)<]_^_`4^naQc e ä ü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû']üGU
ÿ ýúXû.ÿ>6Gs68;3jDE6=uAfDE68A C3>3;38wE)i]_^_`4^naQc e
ä
I4úXûy ú!LKûyKþ`üT¼Åþf]ÿýÅûyjÿ'
ÿgKþLþ"Sþ<ý_SþýÅú )bÆÿLvÿÿ½ûRÿ`ýÅûK]üjiÿI4úXûy ú]üÏþÊü ýþ`üÏý%lvþXþdÿýÅû'ûKþ6ý
]þ&)i LþÅû~ÿýûK]üj#gù0úXþfj<ýûXýûK]üS)MýúXûü0ýúXþ`ülûü4ÿþHÿüS)i'IBüj*
+
9órn6Gum6=1t;_C6431Gw3.5n?A&6FYhF¤76%n6|u6GDE6GuASX[t764>@3uvQ3u A14t\jA7
ù0úXþýúXþKg)FülýÅþ I4ûülþ%Åþj~ÚþSþ<ýQ]ÿülþ@Kj<ýdÿýdü0ûü<Kþj~Xþk¼)iKT¼ Kþ¤`BûÓþ<ýÅþk
ü.]þû~ÿ`ýÅûK]üj# $°ýÿL !ÿýÅþÊüýÅúÚþMNvû<ýM]üÏþ)ÿü& þkû¤~!ÿýÅû' ÿ ÿülþýg):lvûRÿ
)i4EØÿþ©ÿ'ÓþHÿ G<ý7ÿKý<üÿýÅûØüÀ~]þkx ýúXþT¼ Kþ).ýÅúÚþBü.]þû~ÿýûK(# Åþj~XþSþ<ý