MERCURY SERIES COLLECTION MERCURE
Archaeological Survey o f Canada Paper No. 1
Document d'Enquête archéologique du Canada no. 1
AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY BETWEEN CAPE PARRY AND CAMBRIDGE BAY, N.W.T., CANADA IN 1963
WILLIAM E. TAYLOR, JR.
Archaeological Survey o f Canada National Museum o f Man
National Museums o f Canada Ottawa J u l y 1972
Enquête archéologique du Canada Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme
Musée nationaux du Canada Ottawa j u i l l e t 1972
Publication supported by the Margaret
Hess Canadian Studies Fund of the National Museum of Man
Ouvrage subventionné par
Le Fonds Margaret Hess d'Etudes canadiennes du Musée national de l'Homme.
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At present the Archaeological Survey o f Canada Mercury Series consists o f the f o l l o w i n g papers:
No. 1 - "An Archaeological Survey Between Cape Parry and Cambridge Bay, NUT, Canada", by William E. Taylor, J r . , pp. 106; $2.00
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La Commission archéologique du Canada a déjà contribué à l a C o l l e c t i o n Mercure les numéros suivants:
No l - "An Archaeological Survey Between Cape Parry and Cambridge Bay, NWT, Canada", par W i l l i a m E. Taylor, J r . , 106 p.; $2.00
ABSTRACT
This paper summarizes r e s u l t s of 1963 f i e l d work o f the National Museum o f Canada between Cape Parry and Cambridge Bay i n a r c t i c Canada.
The a r t i f a c t s and structures reported include materials of the Pre-Dorset, Dorset, Thule and recent Eskimo occupations at several l o c a l i t i e s i n the area surveyed. The author r e f e r s t o e a r l i e r f i e l d work, comments on regional v a r i a t i o n s i n cultures represented i n the r e p o r t , documents a western extension of Dorset c u l t u r e and o f f e r s hypotheses on the o r i g i n s of the h i s t o r i c Caribou Eskimo and Copper Eskimo.
RESUME
Ce rapport donne un aperçu des résultats des recherches effectuées par les spécialistes du Musée national du Canada dans l a région de
l'Arctique canadien s'étendant entre Cape Parry et Cambridge Bay au cours de l'année 1963.
Une p a r t i e des objets façonnés et des ruines trouvés là datent des époques Pré-Dorset, Dorset, et Thulé. Les autres reflètent les activités humaines des Esquimaux de l'époque contemporaine ayant vécu dans plusieurs endroits de l a région explorée.
L'auteur f a i t référence à des recherches antérieures, porte des ommentaires sur les différences régionales des cultures abordées dans l e résent document, renfermant des renseignements sur l'extension de l a u l t u r e Dorset à l'ouest, et e n f i n élabore des théories sur l e s origines es groupes esquimaux "Caribou" et "de Cuivre".
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PREFACE
The f o l l o w i n g paper was i n d r a f t before the summer o f 1965 when, again f o r the National Museum o f Canada, I returned t o the A r c t i c to carry out a e r i a l survey on the coast o f Diamond Jenness Peninsula i n western V i c t o r i a Island, t o d i g on Banks Island and t o continue the 1963 work summarized here, at Ekalluk River and Freshwater Creek i n southeastern V i c t o r i a Island (Taylor 1967). Except f o r the b i b l i o graphy, t h i s manuscript was f i n i s h e d i n the summer o f 1966 while I served as V i s i t i n g Professor i n the I n s t i t u t e o f A r c t i c Biology o f the U n i v e r s i t y o f Alaska. Soon a f t e r , a move t o a f u l l y administrative
p o s i t i o n i n the National Museum o f Canada halted t h i s work and other f i e l d reports. I n 1971 a nostalgic re-reading o f the t y p e s c r i p t led t o the conclusion that these data, and perhaps some o f the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , continue p e r t i n e n t t o Eskimo archaeology; at least one a r c t i c colleague agreed. Also, since I w i l l probably not be able t o prepare a f u l l report on t h i s 1963 work, the present paper i n g i v i n g a summary w i l l record t h e
existence o f the m a t e r i a l i n the museum and the s i t e s i n the f i e l d f o r f u t u r e archaeologists who might wish t o make f u l l e r use o f them. Such value as t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n may have w i l l be increased by using i t i n conjunction w i t h a report on the subsequent 1965 work (Taylor 1967) and Dr. Robert J. McGhee's monograph on Copper Eskimo p r e h i s t o r y .
William E. Taylor, J r . , (Ottawa, 1972)
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PLATES
Plate I . Vaughn s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate I I . Jackson s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate I I I . Jackson s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate IV. Morris s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
Plate V. Bernard Harbour I and I I s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate VI. Lady Franklin Point s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate V I I . Lady Franklin Point s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
Plate V I I I . Newnham s i t e and Pembroke s i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate IX. Clare s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
Plate X. Ballantine s i t e and Bell s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
Plate XI. Buchanan s i t e , eroding bank component a r t i f a c t s . Plate X I I . Buchanan s i t e , Pre-Dorset component a r t i f a c t s .
Plate X I I I . Buchanan s i t e , Pre-Dorset component q u a r t z i t e a r t i f a c t s . Plate XIV. Cape Colborne s i t e and Oxford s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
Plate XV. Stromness Bay s i t e and Girton s i t e a r t i f a c t s .
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TEXT FIGURES
Text Figure 1. Location o f 1963 archaeological survey work i n the c e n t r a l Canadian A r c t i c .
Text Figure 2. F i e l d sketch o f House No. 1, Jackson s i t e , a f t e r excavation.
Text Figure 3. Barrow C u r v i l i n e a r Paddled type lamp i n s i t u , House No. 1, Jackson s i t e .
Text Figure 4. Sketch o f archaeological s i t e s about Bernard Harbour, N.W.T.
Text Figure 5. Two tent rings i n the Bernard Harbour I s i t e ,
looking westerly t o the Lookout Point on the horizon.
Text Figure 6. F i e l d sketch o f the Lady F r a n k l i n Point s i t e , V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 7. The main row o f 19 house ruins i n the Lady F r a n k l i n Point s i t e .
Text Figure 8. Unexcavated House No. 9 i n the Lady F r a n k l i n Point s i t e .
Text Figure 9. Field sketch t o show t e s t cuts around House No. 21, Lady F r a n k l i n Point s i t e .
Text Figure 10. The Pembroke s i t e , Freshwater Creek, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 11. House No. 1, Pembroke s i t e , p r i o r t o excavation.
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Text Figure 12. House No. 1, Pembroke s i t e , a f t e r excavation.
Text Figure 13. Sketch of House No. 1, Pembroke s i t e , a f t e r excavation.
Text Figure 14. The Clare s i t e , Freshwater Creek, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 15. Tent r i n g on the Newnham s i t e , Freshwater Creek, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 16. F i e l d sketch t o show locations of B e l l , Ballantine and Buchanan s i t e s , Ekalluk River, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 17. Stone house ruins on the B e l l s i t e .
Text Figure 18. The Pre-Dorset component of the Buchanan s i t e seen from the Trench 1 area.
Text Figure 19. Part of the inukshuk row o f NiNg-4, Ekalluk River, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
Text Figure 20. Old shooting p i t i n NiNg-4 w i t h part of inukshuk row i n the background.
Text Figure 21. Recent shooting p i t i n NiNg-4.
Text Figure 22. Inuksuit concentrations near Ekalluk River, V i c t o r i a Island.
Text Figure 23. Route o f a e r i a l survey of Dease S t r a i t region on August 15, 1963.
Text Figure 24. Large, subrectangular tent r i n g on the Oxford s i t e , Oxford Bay, V i c t o r i a Island, N.W.T.
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