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Normal stress differences in non-Brownian fiber suspensions

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FIG. 1. Relative shear viscosity, η r , versus shear rate for suspensions of fibers with an aspect ratio a r = 18 and for different concentrations.
TABLE I. Characteristics of fiber suspensions studied in our experiments. ϕ ′ = π/(4a 2 r ) and ϕ ′′ = π/(4a r ) denote the characteristic volume fractions that separate the dilute regime from the semi dilute and the semi-dilute regime from the concentrate
FIG. 2. Experimental device used to measure the radial profile of Σ 22 . The lower disc is equipped with four flush pressure transducers placed at different radial positions: (r 1 = 1.2 cm, r 2 = 2.5 cm, r 3 = 3.4 cm and r 4 = 4.3 cm).
FIG. 3. A series of torques is applied during the same period T shear in the clockwise and counter- counter-clockwise directions
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