ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻌﻟﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻴـﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﻤﻠـ
ﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤـﺤﻤ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎـﺠ ﺭـ
- ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ -
ﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﻠﻜ
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔـ ـﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ
ﺭﻴ
ﻡﺴﻗ ـﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭ ـ
ﺔ
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻜﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ
ﺺﺼﲣ
: ﱄﻭﺩ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ :
- ﺭﺎـﻤﻋ ﻱﺮـﻔﻌﺟ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ :
ﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ـ ﺭﻮ / ﻠﺑﺩ ــ ﺗﺎﻓ ﺔ ــ ﺢ ) ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ -
ﺃ - ﻊﻣﺎﺟ
، ﻜﺴﺑ ﺓ ـ ﺓﺮ ( ﺎــــﺴﻴﺋﺭ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ /
ﱀﺎﺻ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ
) ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ –
ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ (
ﻭ ﺎﻓﺮﺸﻣ ﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ /
ﻟﺎﻏ ـ ﺒﻋ ﻢ ــ ﷲﺍ ﺪ ) ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ -ﺃ
- ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﻜﺴﺑ ﺔ ـ ﺓﺮ ( ﺎــــﻨﺤﺘﳑ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ /
ﻋﻮﻤﳉﺍ ﻲﺸﻳﺮﻗ ـ
ﻲ ) ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ -ﺃ
- ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔ ـ ﺔ(
ﺎــــﻨﺤﺘﳑ
ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ
:
2012 /
2013
ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ
- ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
) - 1990
( 2010
-
ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻢﺴﺑ
﴿ ...
...
ﻦﻳﺬﱠﻟﺍ ﻪﱠﻠﻟﺍ ﹺﻊﹶﻓﺮﻳ
ﻪﱠﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﻢﹾﻠﻌﹾﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺗﻭﹸﺃ ﻦﻳﺬﱠﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﹸﻜﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻨﻣﺁ
﴾ﲑﹺﺒﺧ ﹶﻥﻮﹸﻠﻤﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﹺﺑ
ﻢﻴﻈﻌﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻕﺪﺻ
ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ :
11
ﺎﺍﺮﻓﺯ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﻓﺯ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﻭﺃ ﻻﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺬﻔﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ ...
ﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲ
ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻛﻭ ﺪﻫﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ ...
ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ
ﻢﻬﺋﺎﻨﺑﺃﻭ ﰐﺍﻮﺧﺃﻭ ﰐﻮﺧﺇ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ
ﰐﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ
ﻲﻣﺃ ﻩﺪﻠﺗ ﱂ ﺥﺃ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺭ ﰲ ﺎﻘﻴﻓﺭ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ
ﺱﻮﻨﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ
ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻌﻓﺩ ﰲ ﺀﻼﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ
2011
ﻦﻃﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﺣ ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﻦﻜﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ
ﺍﺭﺬﻋ ....
ﻲﻤﻠﻗ ﻪﻴﺴﻧﻭ ﻱﺭﺪﺻ ﻪﻤﺿ ﻦﳌ
ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻬﳉﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺓﺮﲦ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻞﻜﻟ
ﻤﻋ
ــ ـﻔﻌﺟ ﺭﺎ ﻱﺮ
ﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﳊﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﺗ ﻪﺘﻤﻌﻨ
ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﻹ ﲏﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﲏﻧﺎﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻛﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﺒﻴﻃ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﺍﺪﲪ ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺍ
ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱀﺎﺻ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻣﻭ ﻢﺋﺍﺩ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺮﻃ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺖﲰﺭ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺍﺪﻫﺃﻭ ﻩﺍﺪﺳﺃ
ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻘﻳ
ﱐﺎﲪﺭ ﻰﺳﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﻭ ﺹﻼﺧﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺎﺳﻭﺭﺩ ﺎﻧﻮﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﳌ ﻞﻳﺰﺟ ﺮﻜﺷ
ﺎﻬﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻝﻮﺒﻗﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺀﺎﻨﻋ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻞﺿﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﲜ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .
ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﺟ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻭ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﺇ ﰲ ﺍﺪﻳ ﻪﻟ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺮﻜﺷﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .
ﻤﻋ
ــ ــﻔﻌﺟ ﺭﺎ ﻱﺮ
ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ : ﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﻻﺪﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻧﺎﺻﻭ ﲔ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻄﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﺸﻓ ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﺌﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺟﺭﺃ ﺕﺰﻫ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻮﳓ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ
ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﺑ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺪﻨﺻ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺭﺎﺷﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﱄﻮﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ﳝ ﻻﻭ ﺎﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﻻﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺎﳍ ﻦﻜ
: ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ
ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩﻭ ﲔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻢﺠﺣﻭ ﻢﺨﻀﺘﻟﺍ .
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﻭ ﱃﺇ
ﻼﻳ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲔﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻢﺋ
ﺔﺤﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﺔﺤﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻊﻤﳚ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻯﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻭ ،ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﲑﺧﻷﺍ . ﺮﻌﺳ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﳊﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺕﻻﻮﲢ ﺪﻬﺸﺗ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﲟﻭ
ﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﻌﺑ ﺬﺧﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﺋﻼﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻱﺮ
ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑﻭ .
ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﲢ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺝﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺮﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ :
ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ -
ﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻟ - ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ -
ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ -
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ - ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ .
Summary (abstract):
The issue of selecting an appropriate exchange raised a sensation among economists and economic policy makers, especially after the currency crises that have rocked many emerging countries during the nineties, and that proved the failure of middleware systems, which summoned the monetary authorities in most countries of the world to move towards a floating system that is the modern orientation which has been known most of the international exchange systems that is a phenomenon referred to by the International Monetary Fund as a discharge phenomenon………..
However, under this modern orientation of International drainage systems Under growing Liberation capital states that attaches great importance to choose the exchange system that suits our economies and they can not only relying on a set of criteria including:
the nature of shock economic and the structure of production and exports, as well as the standard trading partners and the degree of economic openness and the level of inflation and the size of the official reserves………..
Since Algeria is witnessing profound changes due to the transition from a command economy to a free economy, Algeria should have reconsider exchange rate policy and the choice of exchange system that is the best fits for this stage, taking into account the structural characteristics of the Algerian economy and relying on the above-mentioned criteria.
After our study of the case of Algeria through this note appears that the drainage system is the appropriate system orbit of the Algerian economy in the current period with the gradual liberalization of the Algerian dinar.
Key words: The international monetary system - the exchange rate - fixed exchange rate system - a flexible exchange system - a system of exchange broker - Algerian dinar.
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ
ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ...
I
ﶈﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘ ...
II
ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ...
...
V
ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ...
VI
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ...
...
أ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ
01
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ...
02
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣﻭ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ...
...
03
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ ...
03
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺐﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ...
04
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺯﺩﻭﻭ ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ...
07
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺡﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﳏﻭ ﱄﺎﳊﺍ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ...
10
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺴﻟ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ...
16
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ...
16
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ...
...
19
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺎﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ،ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ...
21
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺴﻟ ﺓﺮﺴﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ...
28
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﺃ ﱯ
...
33
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﺃ ...
33
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﺃ ...
...
35
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﳐ ...
38
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ...
41
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟ ...
41
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ...
43
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻄﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ...
...
45
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ...
48
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ
49
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ...
...
50
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ...
51
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ...
51
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﺃ ...
57
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣﻭ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ...
61
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎ
...
67
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ...
67
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ...
...
68
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ...
71
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ...
73
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﺜﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ...
73
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ
...
76
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
...
...
79
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ...
80
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ...
87
ﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄ :
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ...
87
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ...
90
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ...
...
97
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ
98
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ...
99
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ...
100
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ...
100
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ...
...
106
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻳﻮﲢ ...
111
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺪﻨﺻ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ...
114
ﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄ :
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﱐﺎﻤﺘﺋﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ )
ﻱﺎﻣ30
(1989
...
114
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﻤﺘﺋﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ )
ﻥﺍﻮﺟ03
(1991
...
115
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺮﺑﻧ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎ )
ﻞﻳﺮﻓﺃ -1994
ﻱﺎﻣ (1995
...
117
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻲﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ )
ﻊﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﺽﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ
1995 -
(1998
...
120
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ :
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ...
...
124
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻢﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ...
124
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ...
131
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ :
ﻑﻮﳋﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
...
139
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ...
143
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ ...
...
144
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ...
149
ﻖﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ...
...
157
ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ
ﻢﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ
) 01 - 01
ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ (
.
13
) 02 - 01
ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺪﻨﺻ ﻖﻓﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
.
52
) 02 - 02
ﻖﻓﻭ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ( Ghosh
ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ .
53
) 02 - 03
ﻴﺗﺮﺗ (
ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒ
ﻖﻓو
.Lys 55
) 02 - 04
ﺐﺴﺣ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ( Buibula et Otker-Robe
56
) 02 - 05
ﺐﺴﺣ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ( Frenkel
.
57
) 02 - 06
ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ (
.
71
) 02 - 07
ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ (
.
86
) 02 - 08
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
.
87
) 02 - 09
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
.
88
) 02 - 10
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﱄﺎﲨﺇ (
.
91
) 02 - 11
ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺫ ﰲ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ (
ﻭ2009 2010.
92
) 02 - 12
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ (
.
93
) 02 - 13
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ (
.
94
) 02 - 14
ﺙﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﺑﺮﻠﻟ ﺕﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ (
.
95
) 03 - 01
ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ1987 1991.
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) 03 - 02
ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ (
.
113
) 03 - 03
ﻢﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﲑﻏﻭ ﻢﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ (
.
125
) 03 - 04
ﻢﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ (
.
130
) 03 - 05
ﺔﻨﺳ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻓﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ1996 2011.
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) 03 - 06
ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ (
.
133
) 03 - 07
ﺔﻨﺳ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻠﻟ ﲔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ( 2011.
135
) 03 - 08
ﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻧﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ (
ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼ .
137
) 03 - 09
ﺔﻨﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ1996 2011.
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) 03 - 10
ﺔﻨﺳ ﺔﻳﺯﺎﻜﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ2003 2011.
140
ﻓ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺱﺮﻬ
ﻢﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ
) 01 - 01
ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ (
ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ .
17
) 01 - 02
ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﳊﺍ (
.
21
) 01 - 03
ﲎﺤﻨﻣ ﺮﺛﺃ (
.J 24
) 02 - 01
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ (
.
63
) 02 - 02
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ (
.
67
) 02 - 03
ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ (
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔ .
67
) 02 - 04
ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ (
.
68
) 02 - 05
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻌﻧﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ (
.
69
) 02 - 06
ﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ (
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈ .
69
) 02 - 07
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ (
.
69
) 02 - 08
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ (
.
69
) 02 - 09
ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ (
ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺮﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ .
70
) 02 - 10
ﻰﻠﺜﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻂﺧ (
.
75
) 02 - 11
ﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺙﻮﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ (
.
78
) 02 - 12
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ 1991
.2004 87
) 02 - 13
ﺭﻻﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﰲ ﻱﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍ (
ﻡﺎﻋ ﰲ .2010 89
) 02 - 14
ﻡﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻭﺭﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﰲ ﻱﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍ (
.2010 90
) 02 - 15
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
.
91
) 03 - 01
ﻂﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻣﱪﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺴﻟ ﻱﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ (
.
132
) 03 - 02
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻓﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻴﺻﺭ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
.
132
) 03 - 03
ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ (
.
133
) 03 - 04
ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻢﺨﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ (
ﱃﺇ1996
.2011 134
) 03 - 05
ﺔﻨﺳ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻠﻟ ﲔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ (
.2011 136
ﺎﻼﻤﻋ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﲑﻐﺗ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﻳﺎﺴﻣ
ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ، ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺮ
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺐﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﺩﻭﻭ ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺮﺑ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻠﻟ
Bretton woods
ﻴﻗﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻝﻼﺣﺇ ﻊﻣ ﺐﻫﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔ
ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻠﻄﻣ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﲏﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺪﺣ ﰒ ،ﻲﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﻠﺜﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺃ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺎ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺑ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺐﻫﺫ ﱃﺇ ﺭﻻﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﺖﻔﻗﻭﺃ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﻮﻳ ﻊﺴﺘﺗ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃﻭ 1971
ﻰﻠﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺑﻻ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﺿﺮﻔﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﺋﻼﺗ .
ﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻮﻜﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺪﺣﺃ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻴﻟﺁ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ
ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻓﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺳﺭﺎﲤ ﺎﳌ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ) ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺳ ﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻕﻮﺳ ،ﺩﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺳ ،
ﺝ ( ﺎﻫ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺎﻮﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺺﻴﺼﲣ ﰲ ﺔﻣ
ﻢﺨﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﲝﺭﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ . ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﰲ ﺙﺪﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺖﺛﺪﺣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭ
ﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﱃﻭﺃ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻦﻤﻀﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻌﻧﺎﺻﻭ ﻥﻮﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻮﺜﺣ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻤﳛﻭ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪ
ﻱﺬ ﺑ ﻢﺴﺘﻳ ﺖﻨﺒﺗ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺎﻓ ، ﺔﻧﻭﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﺪﻗ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺈ
ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﺑ ﻂﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻌﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻼﻤﻋ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺮﻌﺴﻟ ﺎﻤﻈﻧ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺎ ﻚﻴﺴﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺀﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻯﱪﻛ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻣ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺃﻭ ﺍﺪﻨﻠﻳﺎﺗ ﺔﻣﺯﺃﻭ 1994
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺎﻳﺭﻮﻛ ﻞﻳﺯﺍﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﰒ 1997
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺎﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﲔﺘﻨﺟﺭﻷﺍﻭ1998
ﻡﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺮﻣ ﺎﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ2000
.2001
ﰲ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻧﺎﺻ ﱃﺇ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﰲ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ
ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ، ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍ
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﻭ ،
ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻻ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﲑﺼﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ،
ﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺠﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼ
ﺴﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﲔ .
ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﳚﺭﺪﺗ ﺕﻼﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﺇ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺈﺑ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺮﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍﻭ ﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﰲ ﺖﻋﺮﺷ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻴﻔﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﰲ ﺕﺪﺴﲡ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻘ
ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟ 1987
ﲏﺒﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﰎ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺪﻨﺻ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺖﲢ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺟ 01
ﻲﻔﻧﺎ .1996
ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘ :
ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣﻭ ؟ﺎﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ
؟ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ :
1
؟ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ-
2
ﻣ-
؟ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣﻭ ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎ
3
؟ﺎﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ-
4
ﺎﻣ-
ﺰﳉﺍ ﺎﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﱄﺎﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺋﺍ
؟
ﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻎﻴﺼﻧ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺟﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟﻭ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦ
:
1
ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﺑ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﻬﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ/
.
2
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ /
ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ ﺔﻄﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻧﻭﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﺪﻗ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻮﳓ ﻪﺠﺘﺗ
ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﲢ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﳌﻮﻌ
.
3 ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ / ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ
ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ
ﺭﺪﺼﻣﻭ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ
ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ
ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ .
4
ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻜﻠﺳ /
ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨ ﻚﻠﺴﻣ
ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺎﺑ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﱪﻛﺃ ﺔﻧﻭﺮﻣ ﺀﺎﻔﺿﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ
.
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ :
ﺘﻌﻓﺩ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﰲ ﺖﻠﺜﲤ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﺎﻨ
:
1
ﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ-
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ .
2
ﻫ-
ﺩﺪﺠﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﻃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺽﺮﻔﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ
.
3
ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺛﺇ ﲑﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﺭﱰﻟﺎﺑ ﻮﻟﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ -
ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ .
ﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻉﻮﺿﻮ
:
ﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪ
ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺯﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻨﺗ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﺷﺎﻤﺘﻳ ﻞﺜﻣﺃ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺮ
ﺍﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻝﻭﺎﳓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻊﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻊﻗ
.
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ :
ﺘﻟﺍ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﻮﻔﻄﺗ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﱃﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺷﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺎﻓ ،ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻭ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻓﺮﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣ
ﺒﺑ ﺪﻴﻌ . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ :
ﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﻷ ﺍﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻨﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ :
- ﺽﺮﻋ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺎ ﺮﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ
ﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺭﺎﺴﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ ﰲ ﺎﻧﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﺪﻬﺷ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮ
.
- ﻦﻣﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻂﺑﺭ ﺍﺬﻛ ﻭ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻲﻔﺻﻭ ﺢﺴﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﰒ .
- ﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰿﺎﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺺﻘﻨﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺕﺍﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮ
ﲝ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺕﺮﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺙﻮﲝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺪﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺚ
ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ،
ﺎﺳﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃﻭ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﻞﺋ
.
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ :
ﺍ ﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻧﺮﺼﺘﻗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﺪﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩ
ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ،
ﻦﻣ ﺪﺘﻤﺘﻓ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻦﻋ ﱃﺇ 1990
ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻮﳓ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺚﻴﺣ 2011
10 / 90 ﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑﻭ ﺽﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮ
ﳌﺍ ﻢﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺍﺪ
.
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ :
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﻨﺘﻔﻗﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺼﺑ ﻦﳓﻭ ﰎ
ﺎﻬﻌﺿﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﺮﺠﺤﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ
:
1
ﺃ ﲔﻣﺃ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻱﺮﺑﺮﺑ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ-
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ 3
: ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ
ﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﺣ
: ﺓﺭﺍﺪﺟ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺎﻣ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ
ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻟ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻂﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﺑ ﺎﻧﻮﻫﺮﻣ ﻩﲑﺼﻣ ﻝﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ .
2
ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺳ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺑ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ -
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ 3
: ﺚﻴﺣ ﺊﺷﺎﻧ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﲑﻴﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ
ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﲑﻴﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺑﺎﺟﺇ
: ﻞﻫ
ﺊﺷﺎﻧ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻡﺰﳉﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺎﻛ
ﺮﺧﺁ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻲﺋﺎ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﻌﻄﻗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ .
3
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ -
ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻃﺎﻳﺮﺑ :
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﺲﻳﺩﺎﺑ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ :
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ
،ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ
.
4
ﲑﲰ ﻲﳛ ﺖﻳﺁ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ -
: ﰲ ﺔﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻮﺑ ﺡﺎﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺪﺻﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﳎ
: ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻠﻟ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺐﻴﲡ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﳛﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ :
ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﻳ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻫ
ﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗﻭ ،ﻻ ﻡﺃ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻮﳋﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻮﳋﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﻳ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟ
.
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ :
ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ﱂ ﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻝﺎﲨﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﰒ
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻨﻳﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺭﺎﺷﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﱘﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻮﳋﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ .
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ :
ﺛ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﲜ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﻹﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﺑ ﺔﻃﺎﺣﻺﻟ ﻠﻋ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﺔﺛﻼ
ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰ :
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ :
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺴ :
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﱃﺇ
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺴﻟ ﺓﺮﺴﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﰿﺎﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌ ﺎﻨﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﰲﻭ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﰒ ﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔ .
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ :
: ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﱪﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰎ
ﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﰒ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻢﻫ
ﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌ
ﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﺑ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﺘﺨﻨﻟ ، ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺎ
.
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ :
: ﻪﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﰒ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ
ﰲ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﻞﻳ
ﻭ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺎﻤﺋﻼﻣ ﻪﺒﺴﳓ ﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﲔﺣﺮﺘﻘﻣ
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ .
