National Housing Code of Canada: 1998 and Illustrated Guide

National Housing Code

of Canada 1998

and Illustrated Guide

Issued by the

Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes

National Research Council of Canada

ISBN 0-660-17653-X NR36-4/1998E

© National Research Council of Canada Ottawa

World Rights Reserved

NRCC 42803

Printed in Canada Second Printing (Revised Edition)

Aussi disponible en français :

Preface

The information in the National Housing Code of Canada (NHC) 1998 and Illustrated Guide is directed mainly to the requirements in Parts 1, 2, 3, and 9 of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC) 1995.

The NHC and Illustrated Guide applies to detached, semi-detached and row houses without shared egress or shared service spaces and where there is no dwelling unit above another. The requirements for buildings with dwelling units in the basement with separate or shared egress are beyond the scope of the NHC and the Illustrated Guide, because more complex fire safety measures are required.

The Illustrated Guide is part of a continuing effort to provide current, practical, and helpful building construction information to the Canadian home building industry. It will benefit builders, inspectors, engineers, architects, designers, site superintendents, and other industry representatives.

This first edition of the NHC and Illustrated Guide builds on Guides that have been published in Ontario, the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia.

Introduction

The National Housing Code and Illustrated Guide is a two-part document. The first part, the National Housing Code (NHC), contains extracts from the National Building Code of Canada 1995 (NBC) which is essentially a code of minimum standards for public health, fire safety and structural sufficiency in buildings. The edition of the NBC from which these extracts are taken contains only the first series of revisions and errata, approved by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes in July 1998. The extracts pertain to self-contained, single detached, semi-detached and row housing. The second part, the Illustrated Guide, includes methods of construction that represent building practices which meet the minimum requirements contained in the NHC.

The NHC and Illustrated Guide is not intended to be a construction manual: it is not a textbook on building design or best practices. Furthermore, the building practices presented in the Illustrated Guide are not intended to represent the only acceptable methods of construction or to limit the use of alternative methods of construction, advice on which should be sought by professional sources.

How to Use this Code and Guide

The order of the parts in the NHC reflects the sequence in which housing is actually designed and built. This sequence has been followed in the Illustrated Guide to help users easily find NHC clauses corresponding to sections of the Guide, and vice versa.

The Illustrated Guide consists of 16 chapters corresponding to the 16 parts of the NHC. These parts and chapters are outlined in the table of contents.

“Code” in this document refers to the NHC. The NHC contains the pertinent extracts from the NBC 1995 that apply to housing. Corresponding NBC requirements are provided in the NHC in brackets at the article level. An asterisk beside the NBC reference indicates that the NHC article has been significantly altered from its original form in the NBC (e.g., some sentences were not included or were moved elsewhere in the NHC to reflect the NHC’s construction sequence format).

To find NHC sentences corresponding to the illustrations and commentary in the Illustrated

Guide, go to the same section in the NHC as in the Illustrated Guide. For users more familiar with the NBC, a cross-referencing appendix has been provided that relates NBC references to their counterparts in the NHC.

While every effort has been made to ensure that the requirements in the NHC and the related explanations in this Guide correspond to the requirements in the NBC, users should be aware that the NBC is likely to be the legal document adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, and will be the binding document in cases of dispute.

Building Notes

Where building practices are not specifically required by the Code, or where insight is provided above and beyond what is found in the Code, these are indicated by “Building Notes.” Building Notes appear as boxed, highlighted text throughout the Illustrated Guide, as in the example, below.

Building Note: Glass Doors

The efficiency and safety of the fireplace can be enhanced through the use of tight fitting glass doors. Although not an NHC requirement, the provision of tight fitting glass doors is recommended. The fireplace can continue to provide space heating as the fire dies down, without drawing large amounts...

Registration Form and Suggestions

To receive updates to this publication, or revisions and errata to the NBC, please fill in the enclosed self-addressed registration card and mail it in.

Any suggestions regarding this publication are also welcome. If, after reading through this publication, you feel that areas are missing, unclear or incorrect, please forward a note explaining the problem—and your suggestions—to:

The Secretary

Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes

Imperial Conversions

Système International (SI) units are the official NHC units of measure (these are sometimes colloquially referred to as “metric” units). Imperial equivalents have been converted from these units for user convenience, but have no legal basis. In some cases, imperial units are provided as either nominal conversions or “soft” conversions rounded off to reflect traditional usage.

Nominal imperial dimensions occur in cases such as lumber and masonry. For example, 38 × 89 mm lumber has traditionally been given the nominal size of 2 × 4 in., and has been indicated as 2 × 4 in this Illustrated Guide, except where the actual dimensions are important for structural reasons. Similarly, a 190-mm thick masonry unit is given the nominal size of 8 in., and is indicated as such. In all cases, the SI measurements govern.

Canadian Commission on Building and

Fire Codes and Standing Committees

Canadian Commission on Building

and Fire Codes

B.E. Clemmensen (Chair) P. Meyer R.J. Desserud(1)_{(Deputy Chair) R.J. Miller}

A. Beaumont D.O. Monsen

J.-P. Bertrand G.R. Morris J. Boucher F.L. Nicholson R.J. Cormier R. Perreault G. Davis D. Popowich R.H. Duke W. Purchase G.S. Dunlop G.R. Richardson M.J. Dwyer P. Ridout F.H.C. Edgecombe R.F. Riffell C.T. Fillingham J. Robertson

S.A. Hall W.J. Schmid

S. Hart G.J. Sereda

H.A. Krentz B. St-Louis

M. Kuzyk D.A. Stewart

T.K. Lenahan L. Tardif

E.I. Lexier T. Timm

D. Lion

K. McCloskey R.P. Bowen(1) R.P. McCullough L. Saint-Martin(1) R.J. McGrath

Standing Committee on Houses

W. Purchase (Chair) S.D. Moffatt

M. Beaulieu L.T. Nakatsui

W.E. Burningham B. Nantel

Y.H. Chui N. Perozzo

L. De Meo C.C. Ridsdale

D.A. Figley T. Robinson

S.T. Gertsman R. Stewart

T.A. Hale R.S. Wilson

C. Héroux G.H. Yoshida

K. Hykawy C. Youdale

E.D. Jones

J.M. Jones G.A. Chown(1)

L. Leduc J.C. Haysom(1) R. Lind M. Lacroix(1) R. Maling K. Rauch(1) M.C. Swinton(1)

CCBFC French Technical

Verification Committee

F.-X. Perreault (Chair) J.-P. Perreault

G. Bessens(3) _{I. Wagner}

A. Gobeil

L. Hallé(3) _{C. Bois}(4)

G. Harvey Y.E. Forgues(1)

S. Larivière C. St-Louis(4) C. Millaire L. Tessier(1) G. Paré(3) _{J. Wathier}(4) (1) _{IRC staff who provided assistance to the Committee.} (2) _{Committee members who reviewed Part 9 of the NBC,}

which forms the basis of the National Housing Code of Canada

(3) _{Term completed during preparation of the 1995 Code} (4) _{IRC staff whose involvement with Committee ended}

National Housing Code of Canada

1998

Table of Contents

Part 1

Start-up

1.1. Scope and Definitions

1.1.1. Administration ... 1-1

1.1.2. Scope ... 1-1

1.1.3. Definition of Words and Phrases .. 1-1

1.1.4. Abbreviations ... 1-5

1.2. General Requirements

1.2.1. Building Size Determination ... 1-6

1.2.2. Materials, Appliances, Systems

and Equipment ... 1-7 1.2.3. Equivalents ... 1-7

1.2.4. Climatic Data ... 1-7

1.2.5. Referenced Documents ... 1-22

1.3. Plans, Permits and

Inspections

1.3.1. Required Information ... 1-31

1.4. Building Materials and

Structural Requirements

1.4.1. Concrete ... 1-31

1.4.2. Lumber and Wood Products ... 1-32

1.4.3. Metal ... 1-34

1.4.4. General Structural

Requirements ... 1-34

1.4.5. Fasteners for Wood Frame

Construction ... 1-34

1.4.6. Notching and Drilling ... 1-36

Part 2

Foundations

2.2.5. Special Footing Cases ... 2-4

2.3. Foundation Walls

2.3.1. Cast-in-Place Concrete and

Unit Masonry Foundation Walls ... 2-4

2.4. Columns, Pilasters and

Support of Beams, Joists and Columns

2.4.1. Columns: General ... 2-5

2.4.2. Steel Columns ... 2-5

2.4.3. Wood Columns ... 2-6

2.4.4. Unit Masonry Columns ... 2-6

2.4.5. Solid Concrete Columns ... 2-6

2.4.6. Pilasters ... 2-6

2.4.7. Interior Loadbearing Walls ... 2-6

2.4.8. Support Requirements ... 2-6 2.5. Crawl Spaces 2.5.1. General ... 2-7 2.5.2. Access ... 2-7 2.5.3. Clearance ... 2-7 2.5.4. Drainage ... 2-7 2.5.5. Ventilation ... 2-7 2.5.6. Ground Cover ... 2-7 2.6. Floors-on-Ground 2.6.1. Scope ... 2-8

2.6.2. Material beneath Floors ... 2-8

2.6.3. Drainage ... 2-8 2.6.4. Concrete ... 2-8 2.6.5. Wood ... 2-9 2.7. Alternative Foundations 2.7.1. Wood Frame ... 2-9 2.7.2. Piers ... 2-9 2.7.3. Deformation Resistant Buildings ... 2-9 2.8. Dampproofing and Waterproofing 2.8.1. General ... 2-9

2.8.2. Parging and Finishing of

Masonry Foundation Walls ... 2-10

2.8.3. Dampproofing of Walls ... 2-10 2.8.4. Dampproofing of Floors-on-Ground ... 2-10 2.8.5. Waterproofing of Walls ... 2-11 2.8.6. Waterproofing of Floors-on-Ground ... 2-11

2.9. Foundation and Surface

Drainage

2.9.1. Scope ... 2-11

2.9.2. Foundation Drainage ... 2-11

2.9.3. Drainage Tile and Pipe ... 2-11

2.9.4. Granular Drainage Layer ... 2-12

2.9.5. Drainage Disposal ... 2-12

2.10.2. Soil Gas Control in Walls ... 2-13

2.10.3. Soil Gas Control in Floors ... 2-13

2.11. Backfilling

2.11.1. Requirements ... 2-14

Part 3

Floor Framing

3.1. General 3.1.1. Scope ... 3-1 3.2. Deflections 3.2.1. Deflection Criteria ... 3-1 3.3. Building Frame Anchorage 3.3.1. Anchorage ... 3-1 3.3.2. Sill Plates ... 3-2

3.4. Beams and Joists

3.4.1. Protection ... 3-2

3.4.2. Maximum Spans ... 3-2

3.4.3. Beams to Support Floors ... 3-3

3.4.4. Beam and Joist Support ... 3-4

3.5. Openings in Floors

3.5.1. Joist Requirements ... 3-5

3.6. Support for Interior Walls

3.6.1. Joist, Blocking and Beam

Requirements ... 3-5

3.7. Balconies

3.7.1. Requirements ... 3-5

3.8. Subflooring

3.8.1. Subfloor Requirements ... 3-5

Part 4

Room and Space

Dimensions

4.1. Design of Areas and

Spaces

4.1.1. General ... 4-1

4.1.2. Ceiling Heights ... 4-1

4.1.3. Hallways ... 4-2

Part 5

Means of Egress

5.1. General

5.1.1. Scope ... 5-1 5.1.2. General ... 5-1

5.2. Exits

5.2.1. Access to Exits ... 5-1

5.2.2. Egress from Dwelling Units ... 5-1

5.3. Egress Doors and

Windows

5.3.1. Doors in a Means of Egress ... 5-2

5.3.2. Windows ... 5-2

5.4.1. Scope ... 5-2 5.4.2. General ... 5-2

5.4.3. Stair Dimensions ... 5-2

5.4.4. Landings ... 5-3

5.4.5. Curved Stairs and Winders ... 5-3

5.4.6. Stair Construction ... 5-3

5.4.7. Cantilever Precast Concrete

Steps ... 5-4 5.4.8. Ramps ... 5-4 5.4.9. Handrails ... 5-4 5.4.10. Guards ... 5-5

Part 6

Fire Safety and Sound

Control

6.1.6. Gas and Electric Ranges ... 6-2

6.2. Detection of Fire

6.2.1. Smoke Alarms ... 6-3

6.3. Containment of Fire

6.3.1. General ... 6-3

6.3.2. Spatial Separation of Buildings .... 6-3

6.3.3. Firewalls, Party Walls and Fire

Separations ... 6-6 6.3.4. Fire Stops ... 6-7

6.3.5. Openings and Service

Penetrations in Fire Separations .. 6-8

6.3.6. Doors, Dampers and Other

Closures in Fire Separations ... 6-9

6.4. Suppression of Fire

6.4.1. Sprinkler Systems ... 6-10

6.4.2. Fire Fighting ... 6-11

6.5. Sound Control

6.5.1. Sound Transmission Class

Rating (Airborne Sound) ... 6-11

6.5.2. Required Sound Control

Locations (Airborne Sound) ... 6-11

Part 7

Wall Systems

7.1. Wood Frame Wall

Construction

7.1.1. General ... 7-1 7.1.2. Wall Studs ... 7-1 7.1.3. Wall Plates ... 7-2

7.1.4. Framing over Openings ... 7-3

7.1.5. Wall Framing Nailing ... 7-4

7.1.6. Wall Sheathing ... 7-4

7.1.7. Notching and Drilling of

7.2. Above Grade Masonry Construction

7.2.1. General ... 7-5

7.2.2. Masonry Support ... 7-6

7.2.3. Support of Loads ... 7-7

7.2.4. Thickness and Height ... 7-7

7.2.5. Mortar ... 7-7

7.2.6. Mortar Joints ... 7-8

7.2.7. Bonding and Tying ... 7-8

7.2.8. Projections ... 7-9

7.2.9. Reinforcement for Earthquake

Resistance ... 7-9

7.2.10. Chases and Recesses ... 7-9

7.2.11. Control of Rain Water

Penetration ... 7-10

7.3. Steel Stud Wall

Construction 7.3.1. General ... 7-10 7.3.2. Size of Framing ... 7-10

Part 8

Roofing

8.1.6. Roof and Ceiling Framing ... 8-2

8.1.7. Roof Trusses ... 8-3

8.1.8. Notching and Drilling ... 8-4

8.2. Roof Sheathing

8.2.1. Roof Sheathing ... 8-4

8.3. Roof and Attic

Ventilation 8.3.1. Venting ... 8-5 8.4. Attic Access 8.4.1. Access ... 8-6 8.5. Roofing 8.5.1. General ... 8-6

8.5.2. Nails and Staples ... 8-6

8.5.3. Roof Slope ... 8-7

8.5.4. Flashing at Intersections ... 8-8

8.5.5. Eave Protection and Underlay

for Shingles and Shakes ... 8-9

8.5.6. Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of

1 in 3 or Greater ... 8-9

8.5.7. Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of

Less Than 1 in 3 ... 8-10

8.5.8. Wood Roof Shingles ... 8-10

8.5.9. Handsplit Roof Shakes ... 8-11

8.5.10. Built-Up Roofs ... 8-11

8.5.11. Selvage Roofing ... 8-12

8.5.12. Sheet Metal Roofing ... 8-12

8.5.13. Glass Reinforced Polyester

Roofing ... 8-12

8.5.14. Hot Applied Rubberized

Asphalt Roofing ... 8-12

8.5.15. Polyvinyl Chloride Sheet

Roofing ... 8-12

8.5.16. Concrete Roof Tiles ... 8-13

8.5.17. Roof Drains and Downspouts ... 8-13

Part 9

Windows, Skylights

and Doors

9.1. Windows

9.1.1. Window Standards ... 9-1

9.1.2. Minimum Window Area ... 9-1

9.1.3. Caulking and Glazing ... 9-2

9.2. Skylights 9.2.1. Skylights ... 9-2 9.3. Doors 9.3.1. General ... 9-2 9.3.2. Required Doors ... 9-2 9.3.3. Doorway Sizes ... 9-2

9.3.4. Door Sill Height ... 9-2

9.3.5. Exterior Doors ... 9-3 9.3.6. Thermal Breaks ... 9-3 9.3.7. Glass ... 9-3 9.4. Resistance to Forced Entry 9.4.1. Exterior Doors ... 9-4 9.4.2. Windows ... 9-4

Part 10

Fireplaces, Chimneys

and Flues

10.1. Fireplaces

10.1.1. General ... 10-1

10.1.2. Combustion Air for Fireplaces .... 10-1

10.1.3. Clearance of Combustible

Material ... 10-1

10.1.4. Fireplace Liners ... 10-1

10.1.5. Fireplace Walls and Hearths ... 10-2

10.1.6. Factory-Built Fireplaces ... 10-2

10.1.7. Fireplace Inserts and

Hearth-Mounted Stoves ... 10-2

10.2. Chimneys and Flues

10.2.1. General ... 10-2

10.2.2. Clearance from Combustible

Construction ... 10-3

10.2.3. Chimney Flues ... 10-3

10.2.4. Chimney Lining ... 10-5

10.2.5. Masonry and Concrete

Chimneys ... 10-5

Part 11

Insulation, Air Barrier

Systems and Vapour

Barriers

11.3.2. System Properties ... 11-3 11.3.3. Continuity ... 11-3 11.4. Vapour Barriers 11.4.1. General ... 11-3 11.4.2. Materials ... 11-3 11.4.3. Installation ... 11-4

Part 12

Mechanical Systems

12.1. Heating and

Air-Conditioning

12.1.1. General ... 12-1

12.1.2. Required Heating Systems ... 12-1

12.1.3. Design Temperatures ... 12-1

12.1.4. General Requirements for

Heating and Air-Conditioning

Systems ... 12-1

12.1.5. Heating and Air-Conditioning

Appliances ... 12-2

12.1.6. Refrigerating Systems

and Equipment for

Air-Conditioning ... 12-2

12.1.7. Chimneys and Venting

Equipment ... 12-2

12.2. Distribution Systems

12.2.1. Air Duct Systems ... 12-2

12.2.2. Radiators and Convectors ... 12-6

12.2.3. Piping for Heating and Cooling

Systems ... 12-6

12.3. Ventilation

12.3.1. General ... 12-7

12.3.2. Non-Heating Season

Ventilation ... 12-7

12.3.3. Heating Season (Mechanical)

Ventilation ... 12-8

Part 13

Plumbing and

Electrical Facilities

13.1. Plumbing Facilities

13.1.1. General ... 13-1

13.1.2. Water Supply and Distribution .... 13-1

13.1.3. Required Facilities ... 13-1

13.1.4. Domestic Hot Water ... 13-1

13.1.5. Sewage Disposal ... 13-2

13.2. Electrical Facilities

13.2.1. General ... 13-2

13.2.2. Lighting Outlets and Switches .... 13-2

Part 14

Interior Finishes

14.1. General Requirements

for Wall and Ceiling Finishes 14.1.1. General ... 14-1 14.1.2. Wood Furring ... 14-1 14.1.4. Plastering ... 14-2 14.1.5. Plywood Finish ... 14-2 14.1.6. Hardboard Finish ... 14-3

14.1.7. Insulating Fibreboard Finish ... 14-3

14.1.8. Particleboard, OSB or

Waferboard Finish ... 14-3

14.1.9. Waterproof Wall Finish ... 14-4

14.2. Finished Flooring

14.2.1. General ... 14-4

14.2.2. Panel-Type Underlay ... 14-5

14.2.3. Wood Strip Flooring ... 14-5

14.2.4. Parquet Flooring ... 14-6

14.2.5. Resilient Flooring ... 14-6

14.2.6. Ceramic Tile ... 14-6

Part 15

Exterior Finishes

15.1. Prevention of Rain

Penetration

15.1.1. Wall Sheathing Membrane ... 15-1

15.1.2. Interior Finish of Exterior Walls .. 15-2

15.2. Masonry Veneer

15.2.1. General ... 15-2 15.2.2. Thickness ... 15-2 15.2.3. Mortar ... 15-2

15.2.4. Mortar Joints ... 15-2

15.2.5. Bonding and Tying ... 15-2

15.2.6. Masonry Support ... 15-3

15.2.7. Control of Rain Water

Penetration ... 15-3 15.3. Glass Blocks 15.3.1. General ... 15-4 15.4. Cladding 15.4.1. Scope ... 15-5 15.4.2. General ... 15-5 15.4.3. Flashing ... 15-5 15.4.4. Caulking ... 15-5 15.4.5. Attachment of Cladding ... 15-6 15.4.6. Lumber Siding ... 15-6

15.4.7. Wood Shingles and Machine

Grooved Shakes ... 15-7

15.4.8. Asbestos-Cement Shingles and

Sheets ... 15-8 15.4.9. Plywood ... 15-8 15.4.10. Hardboard ... 15-9

15.4.11. OSB and Waferboard ... 15-9

15.4.12. Metal ... 15-10 15.4.13. Vinyl Siding ... 15-10

15.5. Stucco Finishes

15.5.1. General ... 15-10

15.5.2. Stucco Lath and Fasteners ... 15-10

15.5.3. Stucco Materials ... 15-12

15.5.4. Stucco Mixes ... 15-12

Part 16

Garages and Carports

16.1. General Requirements

16.1.1. Scope ... 16-1

16.1.2. Foundations ... 16-1

16.1.3. Walls and Columns ... 16-1

Span Tables

Index

Appendix A NBC to NHC

Cross-reference

Conversion Factors

Part 1

Start-up

Section 1.1. Scope and

Definitions

1.1.1.

Administration

1.1.1.1. Conformance with Administrative

Requirements [1.1.1.1.]

1) This Code shall be administered in conformance with the appropriate provincial or municipal regulations or, in the absence of such regulations, in conformance with the Administrative Requirements for Use with the National Building Code of Canada 1985.

1.1.2.

Scope

1.1.2.1. Application

1) This Code applies to the design, construction and occupancy of new buildings, and the alteration, reconstruction, demolition, removal, relocation and occupancy of existing buildings.

2) This Code applies to the construction of detached, semi-detached and row houses, together with their ancillary private storage garages, provided such houses

a) have no shared egress facilities,

b) have no dwelling unit above or below them, c) have no shared service spaces such as attics, crawl spaces, service shafts or service rooms, d) are self-contained with respect to heating

and ventilation,

e) have a building area not greater than 600 m2_{, and}

f) have a building height of not more than 3 storeys.

3) This Code applies both to site assembled and factory-made buildings.

1.1.3.

Definition of Words and

Phrases

1.1.3.1. Non-defined Terms [1.1.3.1.]

1) Definitions of words and phrases used in this Code that are not included in the list of definitions in this Part shall have the meanings that are commonly assigned to them in the context in which they are used in this Code, taking into account the specialized use of terms with the various trades and professions to which the terminology applies.

1.1.3.2. Defined Terms [1.1.3.2.*]

1) The words and terms in italics in this Code have the following meanings:

Access to exit means that part of a means of egress

within a floor area that provides access to an exit serving the floor area.

Air barrier system means the assembly installed to

provide a continuous barrier to the movement of air.

Alarm signal means an audible signal transmitted

throughout a zone or zones or throughout a

building to advise occupants that a fire emergency

exists.

Alert signal means an audible signal to advise

designated persons of a fire emergency.

Alteration means a change or extension to any matter

or thing or to any occupancy regulated by this Code.

Appliance means a device to convert fuel into energy

and includes all components, controls, wiring and piping required to be part of the device by the applicable standard referred to in this Code.

Attic or roof space means the space between the roof

and the ceiling of the top storey or between a dwarf wall and a sloping roof.

Authority having jurisdiction means the governmental

body responsible for the enforcement of any part of this Code or the official or agency designated by that body to exercise such a function.

Basement means a storey or storeys of a building located

Bearing surface means the contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it

bears.

Boiler means an appliance intended to supply hot

water or steam for space heating, processing or power purposes.

Breeching means a flue pipe or chamber for receiving flue gases from one or more flue connections and

for discharging these gases through a single flue connection.

Building means any structure used or intended for

supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.

Building area means the greatest horizontal area of

a building above grade within the outside surface of exterior walls or within the outside surface of exterior walls and the centre line of firewalls.

Building height (in storeys) means the number of storeys

contained between the roof and the floor of the

first storey. Caisson (see Pile).

Cavity wall means a construction of masonry units

laid with a cavity between the wythes. The wythes are tied together with metal ties or bonding units, and are relied on to act together in resisting lateral loads.

Chimney means a primarily vertical shaft enclosing

at least one flue for conducting flue gases to the outdoors.

Chimney liner means a conduit containing a chimney flue used as a lining of a masonry or concrete chimney.

Closure means a device or assembly for closing an

opening through a fire separation or an exterior wall, such as a door, a shutter, wired glass or glass block, and includes all components such as hardware, closing devices, frames and anchors.

Combustible means that a material fails to meet the

acceptance criteria of CAN4-S114-M, “Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials.”

Combustible construction means that type of

construction that does not meet the requirements for noncombustible construction.

Contained use area means a supervised area containing

one or more rooms in which occupant movement is restricted to a single room by security measures not under the control of the occupant.

Dead load means the weight of all permanent

structural and nonstructural components of a

building.

Deep foundation means a foundation unit that provides

support for a building by transferring loads either by end-bearing to a soil or rock at considerable depth below the building, or by adhesion or friction,

or both, in the soil or rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type of deep foundation.

Designer means the person responsible for the

design.

Dwelling unit means a suite operated as a

housekeeping unit, used or intended to be used as a domicile by one or more persons and usually containing cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities.

Excavation means the space created by the removal of soil, rock or fill for the purposes of construction. Exhaust duct means a duct through which air is

conveyed from a room or space to the outdoors.

Exit means that part of a means of egress, including

doorways, that leads from the floor area it serves, to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare.

Exposing building face means that part of the exterior

wall of a building which faces one direction and is located between ground level and the ceiling of its top storey or, where a building is divided into fire

compartments, the exterior wall of a fire compartment

which faces one direction.

Factory-built chimney means a chimney consisting

entirely of factory-made parts, each designed to be assembled with the other without requiring fabrication on site.

Fill means soil, rock, rubble, industrial waste such as

slag, organic material or a combination of these that is transported and placed on the natural surface of a soil or rock or organic terrain. It may or may not be compacted.

Fire compartment means an enclosed space in a building

that is separated from all other parts of the building by enclosing construction providing a fire separation having a required fire-resistance rating.

Fire damper means a closure which consists of a

damper installed in an air distribution system or in a wall or floor assembly, which is normally held open but is designed to close automatically in the event of a fire in order to maintain the integrity of the fire separation.

Fire detector means a device which detects a fire

condition and automatically initiates an electrical signal to actuate an alert signal or alarm signal and includes heat detectors and smoke detectors.

Fire-protection rating means the time in minutes or

hours that a closure will withstand the passage of flame when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as otherwise prescribed in this Code.

Fire-resistance rating means the time in minutes or

1.1.3.2.

will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or

interpretation of information derived therefrom as prescribed in this Code.

Fire separation means a construction assembly that

acts as a barrier against the spread of fire.

Fire stop flap means a device intended for use

in horizontal assemblies required to have a

fire-resistance rating and incorporating protective

ceiling membranes, which operates to close off a duct opening through the membrane in the event of a fire.

Firewall means a type of fire separation of

noncombustible construction which subdivides a building or separates adjoining buildings to resist

the spread of fire and which has a fire-resistance

rating as prescribed in this Code and has structural

stability to remain intact under fire conditions for the required fire-rated time.

First storey means the uppermost storey having its

floor level not more than 2 m above grade.

Flame-spread rating means an index or classification

indicating the extent of spread-of-flame on the surface of a material or an assembly of materials as determined in a standard fire test as prescribed in this Code.

Floor area means the space on any storey of a building

between exterior walls and required firewalls, including the space occupied by interior walls and

partitions, but not including exits, vertical service spaces, and their enclosing assemblies.

Flue means an enclosed passageway for conveying flue gases.

Flue collar means the portion of a fuel-fired appliance

designed for the attachment of the flue pipe or

breeching.

Flue pipe means the pipe connecting the flue collar of

an appliance to a chimney.

Foundation means a system or arrangement of foundation units through which the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rock. Foundation unit means one of the structural members

of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft or pile.

Furnace means a space-heating appliance using warm

air as the heating medium and usually having provision for the attachment of ducts.

Gas vent means that portion of a venting system

designed to convey vent gases to the outdoors from the vent connector of a gas-fired appliance or directly from the appliance when a vent connector is not used.

Grade (as applying to the determination of building height) means the lowest of the average levels of

finished ground adjoining each exterior wall of a

building, except that localized depressions such as

for vehicle or pedestrian entrances need not be considered in the determination of average levels of finished ground. (See First storey.)

Groundwater means a free standing body of water in

the ground.

Groundwater level (groundwater table) means the top

surface of a free standing body of water in the ground.

Guard means a protective barrier around openings

in floors or at the open sides of stairs, landings, balconies, mezzanines, galleries, raised walkways or other locations to prevent accidental falls from one level to another. Such barrier may or may not have openings through it.

Heat detector means a fire detector designed to

operate at a predetermined temperature or rate of temperature rise.

Horizontal exit means an exit from one building to

another by means of a doorway, vestibule, walkway, bridge or balcony.

Horizontal service space means a space such as an

attic, duct, ceiling, roof or crawl space oriented essentially in a horizontal plane, concealed and generally inaccessible, through which building service facilities such as pipes, ducts and wiring may pass.

Industrial occupancy means the occupancy or use of

a building or part thereof for the assembling, fabricating, manufacturing, processing, repairing or storing of goods and materials.

Limiting distance means the distance from an exposing building face to a property line, the centre line

of a street, lane or public thoroughfare, or to an imaginary line between 2 buildings or fire

compartments on the same property, measured at

right angles to the exposing building face.

Live load means the load other than dead load to be

assumed in the design of the structural members of a building. It includes loads resulting from snow, rain, wind and earthquake and those due to occupancy.

Loadbearing (as applying to a building element) means

subjected to or designed to carry loads in addition to its own dead load, excepting a wall element subjected only to wind or earthquake loads in addition to its own dead load.

Major occupancy means the principal occupancy for

which a building or part thereof is used or intended to be used, and shall be deemed to include the subsidiary occupancies which are an integral part of the principal occupancy.

Masonry or concrete chimney means a chimney of brick,

stone, concrete or masonry units constructed on site.

Means of egress means a continuous path of travel

provided for the escape of persons from any point in a building or contained open space to a separate

building, an open public thoroughfare, or an

exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Means of egress includes exits and access to exits.

Mezzanine means an intermediate floor assembly

between the floor and ceiling of any room or storey and includes an interior balcony.

Noncombustible means that a material meets the

acceptance criteria of CAN4-S114-M, “Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials.”

Noncombustible construction means that type of

construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by the use of noncombustible materials for structural members and other building assemblies.

Occupancy means the use or intended use of a building

or part thereof for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property.

Occupant load means the number of persons for which

a building or part thereof is designed.

Owner means any person, firm or corporation

controlling the property under consideration.

Partition means an interior wall 1 storey or part-storey

in height that is not loadbearing.

Party wall means a wall jointly owned and jointly used

by 2 parties under easement agreement or by right in law, and erected at or upon a line separating 2 parcels of land each of which is, or is capable of being, a separate real-estate entity.

Pile means a slender deep foundation unit, made

of materials such as wood, steel or concrete or combination thereof, which is either

premanufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting or screwing, or cast-in-place in a hole formed by driving, excavating or boring. (Cast-in-place bored piles are often referred to as

caissons in Canada.)

Plenum means a chamber forming part of an air duct

system.

Plumbing system means a drainage system, a venting

system and a water system or parts thereof.

Private sewage disposal system means a privately owned

plant for the treatment and disposal of sewage (such as a septic tank with an absorption field).

Public corridor means a corridor that provides access to exit from more than one suite.

Public way means a sidewalk, street, highway, square

or other open space to which the public has access, as of right or by invitation, expressed or implied.

Range means a cooking appliance equipped with a

cooking surface and one or more ovens.

Residential occupancy means the occupancy or use of

a building or part thereof by persons for whom sleeping accommodation is provided but who are not harboured or detained to receive medical care or treatment or are not involuntarily detained.

Return duct means a duct for conveying air from a

space being heated, ventilated or air-conditioned back to the heating, ventilating or air-conditioning

appliance.

Rock means that portion of the earth’s crust that is

consolidated, coherent and relatively hard and is a naturally formed, solidly bonded, mass of mineral matter that cannot readily be broken by hand.

Service room means a room provided in a building

to contain equipment associated with building services.

Service space means space provided in a building to

facilitate or conceal the installation of building service facilities such as chutes, ducts, pipes, shafts or wires.

Service water heater means a device for heating water

for plumbing services.

Shallow foundation means a foundation unit that derives

its support from soil or rock located close to the lowest part of the building which it supports.

Smoke alarm means a combined smoke detector and

audible alarm device designed to sound an alarm within the room or suite in which it is located upon the detection of smoke within that room or suite.

Smoke detector means a fire detector designed to operate

when the concentration of airborne combustion products exceeds a pre-determined level.

Soil means that portion of the earth’s crust that is

fragmentary, or such that some individual particles of a dried sample may be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay and organic matter.

Space heater means a space-heating appliance for heating

the room or space within which it is located, without the use of ducts.

Sprinklered (as applying to a building or part thereof)

means that the building or part thereof is equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers.

Storage garage means a building or part thereof

intended for the storage or parking of motor vehicles and which contains no provision for the repair or servicing of such vehicles.

Storey means that portion of a building which is

situated between the top of any floor and the top of the floor next above it, and if there is no floor above it, that portion between the top of such floor and the ceiling above it.

Stove means an appliance intended for cooking and

1.1.4.1.

Street means any highway, road, boulevard, square

or other improved thoroughfare 9 m or more in width, which has been dedicated or deeded for public use, and is accessible to fire department vehicles and equipment.

Suite means a single room or series of rooms of

complementary use, operated under a single tenancy, and includes dwelling units, individual guest rooms in motels, hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses and dormitories as well as individual stores and individual or complementary rooms for business and personal services occupancies

Supply duct means a duct for conveying air from a

heating, ventilating or air-conditioning appliance to a space to be heated, ventilated or air-conditioned.

Unprotected opening (as applying to exposing building face) means a doorway, window or opening other

than one equipped with a closure having the required fire-protection rating, or any part of a wall forming part of the exposing building face that has a fire-resistance rating less than required for the

exposing building face.

Vapour barrier means the elements installed to control

the diffusion of water vapour.

Vertical service space means a shaft oriented essentially

vertically that is provided in a building to facilitate the installation of building services including mechanical, electrical and plumbing installations and facilities such as elevators, refuse chutes and linen chutes.

Walkway means a covered or roofed pedestrian

thoroughfare used to connect 2 or more buildings.

1.1.4.

Abbreviations

1.1.4.1. Abbreviations of Proper Names [1.1.4.1.*]

1) The abbreviations of proper names in this Code shall have the meanings assigned to them in this Article. The appropriate addresses are shown in brackets following the name.

ANSI ... American National Standards Institute (11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10036 U.S.A.)

ASHRAE ... American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329 U.S.A.) ASTM ... American Society for Testing and

Materials (100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428–2959 U.S.A.)

AWPA ... American Wood-Preservers’ Association (P.O. Box 286,

Woodstock, Maryland 21163–0286 U.S.A.)

BNQ ... Bureau de normalisation du Québec (333, rue Franquet, Ste-Foy (Québec) G1P 4C7)

CAN ... National Standard of Canada designation. (The number or name following the CAN designation represents the agency under whose auspices the standard is issued. CAN3 designates CSA, and CAN4 designates ULC.)

CCBFC ... Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6)

CGA ... now part of CSA International. See CSA.

CGSB ... Canadian General Standards Board (Place du Portage, Phase III, 6B1 11 Laurier Street, Hull, Quebec K1A 1G6)

CSA ... CSA International (178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario M9W 1R3)

CSSBI ... Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute (652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A, Cambridge, Ontario N3H 4V6)

CWC ... Canadian Wood Council

(1730 St. Laurent Boulevard, Suite 350, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5L1) EPA ... Environmental Protection Agency

(Office of Radiation and Air, 401 M Street, Washington M6101, DC 20460 U.S.A.)

HC ... Health Canada (Communications Directorate, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9)

HRAI ... Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Institute of Canada (5045 Orbitor Drive, Building 11, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 4Y4)

IRC ... Institute for Research in Construction (National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6) ISO ... International Standards Organization

(Standards Council of Canada, 1200-45 O’Connor Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6N7)

NBC ... National Building Code of Canada 1995 (See CCBFC)

NFPA ... National Fire Protection Association (Batterymarch Park, Quincy,

NHC ... National Housing Code of Canada 1998 (See CCBFC)

NLGA ... National Lumber Grades Authority (406 - First Capital Place, 960 Quayside Drive,

New Westminster, British Columbia V3M 6G2)

NPC ... National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 (See CCBFC)

SMACNA .... Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (4201 Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, Virginia 20151-1209 U.S.A.)

TPIC ... Truss Plate Institute of Canada (c/o16 Nixon Road, Bolton, Ontario L7E 1K3, Attn: Ken Coo)

ULC ... Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada (7 Crouse Road, Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3A9) WWPA ... Western Wood Products Association

(1500 Yeon Building, Portland, Oregon 97204 U.S.A.)

1.1.4.2. Symbols and Other

Abbreviations [1.1.4.2.]

1) The symbols and other abbreviations in this Code shall have the meanings assigned to them in this Article.

1 in 2 ... slope of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal cm ... centimetre(s)

_{... degree(s)}

_{C ... degree(s) Celsius} dB(A) ... A-weighted sound level diam ... diameter g ... gram(s) ga ... gauge h ... hour(s) Hz ... hertz Inc. ... Incorporated J ... joule(s) kg ... kilogram(s) kN ... kilonewton(s) kPa ... kilopascal(s) kW ... kilowatt(s) L ... litre(s) lx ... lux m ... metre(s) max. ... maximum min. ... minimum min ... minute(s) MJ ... megajoule(s) mm ... millimetre(s) MPa ... megapascal(s) N ... newton N/A ... not applicable ng ... nanogram(s) No. ... number(s) nom. ... nominal o.c. ... on centre

OSB ... oriented strandboard s ... second(s)

temp. ... temperature T&G ... tongue and groove W ... watt(s)

wt ... weight % ... per cent

Section 1.2.

General

Requirements

1.2.1.

Building Size Determination

1.2.1.1. Buildings Divided by Firewalls [2.1.6.1.]

1) Where a firewall divides a building, each portion of the building so divided shall be considered as a separate building.

1.2.1.2. Buildings Divided by Vertical Fire

Separations [2.1.6.2.]

1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where portions of a building are completely separated by a vertical fire separation that has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h and extends through all storeys of the separated portions, each separated portion is permitted to be considered as a separate building for the purpose of determining building height provided a) each separated portion is not more than

3 storeys in building height , and

b) the unobstructed path of travel for the fire fighter from the nearest street to one entrance of each separated portion is not more than 45 m.

2) The vertical fire separation referred to in Sentence (1) may terminate at the floor assembly immediately above a basement provided the basement conforms to Article 3.2.1.2. of the National Building Code of Canada 1995.

1.2.4.1.

1.2.2.

Materials, Appliances,

Systems and Equipment

Appliances, Systems and

Equipment [2.4.1.1.]

1) All materials, appliances, systems and equipment installed to meet the requirements of this Code shall possess the necessary characteristics to perform their intended functions when installed in a

building.

1.2.2.2. Storage on the Building Site [2.4.1.2.]

1) All building materials, appliances and equipment on the building site shall be stored in such a way as to prevent deterioration or impairment of their essential properties.

1.2.2.3. Used Materials, Appliances and

Equipment [2.4.1.3.]

1) Unless otherwise specified, used materials,

appliances and equipment are permitted to be reused

when they meet the requirements of this Code for new materials and are satisfactory for the intended use.

1.2.3.

Equivalents

1.2.3.1. Alternate Materials, Appliances, Systems and Equipment

Permitted [2.5.1.1.]

1) The provisions of this Code are not intended to limit the appropriate use of materials,

appliances, systems, equipment, methods of design or

construction procedures not specifically described herein.

1.2.3.2. Evidence of Equivalent

Performance [2.5.1.2.]

1) Any person desirous of providing an equivalent to satisfy one or more of the requirements of this Code shall submit sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the proposed equivalent will provide the level of performance required by this Code.

1.2.3.3. Equivalence Demonstrated by Past Performance, Test or Evaluation [2.5.1.3.]

1) Materials, appliances, systems, equipment, methods of design and construction procedures not specifically described herein, or which vary from the specific requirements in this Code, are permitted to be used if it can be shown that these alternatives are suitable on the basis of past performance, tests or evaluations.

1.2.3.4. Acceptance [2.5.3.1.]

1) The results of tests based on test standards other than as described in this Code are permitted to be used provided such alternative test standards will provide comparable results.

1.2.4.

Climatic Data

1.2.4.1. Climatic Values [2.2.1.1.*]

1) The climatic values required for the design of buildings under this Code shall be in conformance with the values established by the authority having

jurisdiction or, in the absence of such data, with

Sentence (2) and the climatic values in

2) The outside winter design temperatures determined from shall be those listed for the January 2.5% values.

Table 1.2.4.1.

Design Data for Selected Locations in Canada Forming Part of Article 1.2.4.1.

Design Temperature Hourly Wind Pressures Seismic Data

January July 2.5%

Ground Snow Load,

kPa Province and Location Elev.,_m

2.5% _C 1%_C Dry_C Wet_C Degree-Days Below 18C 15 Min. Rain, mm One Day Rain, mm Ann. Tot. Ppn., mm Ss Sr 1/10 kPa 1/30 kPa 1/100 kPa Za Zv Zonal Velocity Ratio, v British Columbia 100 Mile House 1040 -28 -31 30 18 5150 10 45 425 2.4 0.3 0.30 0.36 0.43 1 1 0.05 Abbotsford 10 -10 -11 29 20 3100 10 105 1600 1.8 0.3 0.42 0.55 0.71 4 4 0.20 Agassiz 15 -13 -15 31 20 2950 8 120 1700 2.2 0.6 0.57 0.69 0.84 3 3 0.15 Alberni 12 -5 -7 31 18 3400 10 135 2000 2.7 0.4 0.47 0.58 0.70 5 5 0.30 Ashcroft 305 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 35 300 1.5 0.1 0.28 0.35 0.43 1 2 0.10 Beatton River 840 -37 -39 25 18 6700 13 60 450 3.0 0.1 0.22 0.27 0.34 0 1 0.05 Burns Lake 755 -30 -33 25 17 5500 10 50 450 2.7 0.2 0.30 0.36 0.43 1 3 0.15 Cache Creek 455 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 35 300 1.5 0.2 0.29 0.35 0.43 1 2 0.10 Campbell River 20 -7 -9 26 18 3400 10 115 1600 3.0 0.4 0.46 0.58 0.72 6 6 0.40 Carmi 845 -24 -26 33 20 4900 10 60 550 3.5 0.2 0.24 0.33 0.44 1 1 0.05 Castlegar 430 -19 -22 32 20 3700 10 50 700 3.8 0.1 0.23 0.30 0.39 1 1 0.05 Chetwynd 605 -35 -38 27 18 5800 15 70 625 2.2 0.2 0.32 0.37 0.44 0 1 0.05 Chilliwack 10 -12 -13 30 20 2950 8 130 1700 2.0 0.3 0.48 0.63 0.83 4 4 0.20 Comox 15 -7 -9 27 18 3150 10 105 1200 2.4 0.4 0.45 0.58 0.74 6 6 0.40 Courtenay 10 -7 -9 28 18 3150 10 105 1450 2.4 0.4 0.45 0.58 0.74 6 6 0.40 Cranbrook 910 -27 -30 32 19 4650 10 55 400 2.7 0.2 0.22 0.29 0.37 1 1 0.05 Crescent Valley 585 -20 -23 31 19 3900 10 50 850 3.8 0.1 0.22 0.29 0.37 1 1 0.05 Crofton 5 -6 -8 28 18 3150 8 80 950 1.6 0.2 0.48 0.58 0.69 5 5 0.30 Dawson Creek 665 -36 -39 27 18 6050 18 75 475 2.3 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 1 0.05 Dog Creek 450 -28 -30 29 18 5200 10 45 375 1.6 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 1 2 0.10 Duncan 10 -6 -8 29 18 3150 8 100 1050 1.6 0.4 0.48 0.58 0.69 5 5 0.30 Elko 1065 -28 -31 29 19 4800 13 60 650 3.3 0.2 0.27 0.37 0.50 1 1 0.05 Fernie 1010 -29 -32 29 19 4800 13 110 1175 4.1 0.2 0.33 0.43 0.55 1 1 0.05 Fort Nelson 465 -40 -42 28 18 7000 13 65 450 2.2 0.1 0.21 0.26 0.31 0 1 0.05 Fort St. John 685 -36 -38 26 18 6000 15 75 475 2.5 0.1 0.31 0.36 0.42 0 1 0.05 Glacier 1145 -27 -30 27 17 6000 10 65 1500 8.5 0.2 0.24 0.29 0.35 1 1 0.05 Golden 790 -28 -31 29 17 4900 8 55 500 3.4 0.2 0.27 0.32 0.38 1 1 0.05 Grand Forks 565 -20 -22 35 20 3950 10 45 475 2.5 0.1 0.26 0.36 0.48 1 1 0.05 Greenwood 745 -20 -22 35 20 4500 10 60 550 3.6 0.1 0.29 0.39 0.52 1 1 0.05 Hope 40 -16 -18 32 20 3100 8 130 1900 2.5 0.6 0.41 0.55 0.73 3 3 0.15 Kamloops 355 -25 -28 34 20 3650 13 45 275 1.6 0.2 0.30 0.37 0.45 1 1 0.05 Kaslo 545 -23 -26 29 19 4000 10 55 850 2.5 0.1 0.22 0.28 0.36 1 1 0.05 Kelowna 350 -17 -20 33 20 3600 10 40 325 1.5 0.1 0.34 0.43 0.53 1 1 0.05 Kimberley 1090 -26 -29 31 19 4900 10 55 500 2.7 0.2 0.22 0.29 0.37 1 1 0.05 Kitimat Plant 15 -16 -18 23 16 4000 13 180 2500 5.0 0.7 0.36 0.44 0.53 2 4 0.20 Kitimat Townsite 130 -16 -18 23 16 4200 13 160 2300 5.9 0.7 0.36 0.44 0.53 2 4 0.20 Lillooet 245 -23 -25 33 20 3550 10 70 350 1.9 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.49 1 2 0.10 Lytton 325 -19 -22 35 20 3300 10 70 425 2.5 0.3 0.31 0.39 0.49 2 2 0.10 Mackenzie 765 -35 -38 26 17 5750 10 50 650 4.6 0.2 0.24 0.29 0.35 0 2 0.10 Masset 10 -7 -9 17 15 3800 13 75 1400 1.6 0.4 0.49 0.58 0.68 6 6 0.40 McBride 730 -34 -37 30 18 5050 13 50 650 3.9 0.2 0.27 0.32 0.38 0 1 0.05 McLeod Lake 695 -35 -37 27 17 5450 10 50 650 3.7 0.2 0.24 0.29 0.35 0 2 0.10 Merritt 570 -26 -29 34 20 4100 8 50 310 1.6 0.3 0.32 0.39 0.49 1 2 0.10

1.2.4.1.

Table 1.2.4.1. (Continued)

Design Temperature Hourly Wind Pressures Seismic Data

January July 2.5%

Ground Snow Load,

kPa

Province and Location Elev.,

m 2.5% _C 1%_C Dry_C Wet_C Degree-Days Below 18C 15 Min. Rain, mm One Day Rain, mm Ann. Tot. Ppn., mm _{Ss Sr} 1/10 kPa 1/30 kPa 1/100 kPa Za Zv Zonal Velocity Ratio, v Mission City 45 -9 -11 30 20 3050 13 115 1700 2.2 0.3 0.47 0.60 0.77 4 4 0.20 Montrose 615 -17 -20 32 20 3700 10 50 700 3.7 0.1 0.22 0.30 0.41 1 1 0.05 Nakusp 445 -24 -27 31 19 4000 10 60 850 4.0 0.1 0.24 0.30 0.37 1 1 0.05 Nanaimo 15 -7 -9 26 18 3150 8 85 1050 2.1 0.4 0.47 0.58 0.71 4 4 0.20 Nelson 600 -20 -24 31 19 3900 10 55 700 3.8 0.1 0.22 0.29 0.37 1 1 0.05 Ocean Falls 10 -12 -14 23 16 3600 13 260 4300 3.5 0.7 0.47 0.55 0.65 2 4 0.20 Osoyoos 285 -16 -18 33 20 3250 10 45 310 1.0 0.1 0.30 0.43 0.59 1 1 0.05 Penticton 350 -16 -18 33 20 3500 10 45 300 1.2 0.1 0.40 0.52 0.68 1 1 0.05 Port Alberni 15 -5 -7 31 18 3200 10 150 2000 2.7 0.4 0.47 0.58 0.70 5 5 0.30 Port Hardy 5 -5 -7 20 16 3600 13 140 1850 0.8 0.4 0.49 0.58 0.66 6 6 0.40 Port McNeill 5 -5 -7 22 17 3550 13 120 1850 1.0 0.4 0.49 0.58 0.68 6 6 0.40 Powell River 10 -9 -11 26 18 3200 8 75 1200 1.7 0.4 0.42 0.55 0.71 5 5 0.30 Prince George 580 -33 -36 28 18 5250 15 50 600 3.1 0.2 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 2 0.10 Prince Rupert 20 -14 -16 19 15 4050 13 140 2900 1.7 0.4 0.42 0.50 0.59 3 5 0.30 Princeton 655 -27 -30 32 20 4450 10 40 350 2.6 0.5 0.24 0.32 0.42 2 2 0.10 Qualicum Beach 10 -7 -9 27 18 3200 10 90 1250 2.0 0.4 0.46 0.58 0.72 4 4 0.20 Quesnel 475 -33 -35 30 17 4850 10 50 525 2.7 0.1 0.25 0.29 0.34 0 2 0.10 Revelstoke 440 -26 -29 32 19 4200 13 55 950 5.3 0.1 0.24 0.29 0.35 1 1 0.05 Salmon Arm 425 -23 -26 33 20 3900 13 45 525 3.2 0.1 0.29 0.35 0.43 1 1 0.05 Sandspit 5 -6 -7 15 15 3600 13 80 1350 1.6 0.4 0.54 0.63 0.74 6 6 0.40 Sidney 10 -6 -8 26 18 3100 8 90 850 1.0 0.2 0.46 0.55 0.66 6 5 0.30 Smith River 660 -46 -48 26 17 7400 8 60 500 2.5 0.1 0.21 0.26 0.31 1 2 0.10 Smithers 500 -29 -31 25 17 5200 13 60 500 2.7 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 1 3 0.15 Squamish 5 -11 -13 29 20 3200 10 140 2200 2.9 0.6 0.38 0.50 0.65 3 3 0.15 Stewart 10 -23 -25 23 16 4650 13 140 1900 7.2 0.7 0.32 0.39 0.48 2 4 0.20 Taylor 515 -36 -38 26 18 6000 15 60 450 2.1 0.1 0.32 0.37 0.44 0 1 0.05 Terrace 60 -20 -22 25 16 4400 13 120 1150 4.9 0.5 0.27 0.33 0.40 2 4 0.20 Tofino 10 -2 -4 19 16 3300 13 180 3300 1.0 0.4 0.54 0.63 0.74 5 5 0.30 Trail 440 -17 -20 33 20 3700 10 50 700 3.7 0.1 0.26 0.32 0.39 1 1 0.05 Ucluelet 5 -2 -4 19 16 3150 13 150 3200 0.9 0.4 0.54 0.63 0.74 5 5 0.30 Vancouver Region Burnaby (Simon Fraser Univ.) 110 -7 -9 25 17 3000 10 140 1950 2.6 0.6 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20 Cloverdale 10 -8 -10 29 20 3050 8 105 1400 2.3 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.52 4 4 0.20 Haney 10 -9 -11 30 20 3050 10 125 1950 2.2 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.52 4 4 0.20 Ladner 3 -6 -8 27 19 3000 10 75 1050 1.2 0.2 0.37 0.45 0.54 5 4 0.20 Langley 15 -8 -10 29 20 3100 8 105 1500 2.2 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.52 4 4 0.20 New Westminster 10 -8 -10 29 19 2950 10 125 1575 2.1 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.52 4 4 0.20 North Vancouver 135 -7 -9 26 19 3000 10 140 2100 2.7 0.3 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20 Richmond 5 -7 -9 27 19 3000 8 80 1100 1.4 0.2 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20

Surrey (88 Ave &

156 St.) 90 -8 -10 29 20 3050 10 120 1575 2.2 0.3 0.36 0.43 0.52 4 4 0.20 Vancouver 15 -7 -9 26 19 2925 10 105 1400 1.6 0.2 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20 Vancouver (Granville & 41 Ave) 120 -6 -8 28 20 2950 10 100 1400 1.7 0.3 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20 West Vancouver 45 -8 -10 28 19 3250 9 140 1700 2.2 0.2 0.36 0.44 0.53 4 4 0.20

Table 1.2.4.1. (Continued)

Design Temperature Hourly Wind Pressures Seismic Data

January July 2.5%

Ground Snow Load,

kPa

Province and Location Elev.,

m 2.5% _C 1%_C Dry_C Wet_C Degree-Days Below 18C 15 Min. Rain, mm One Day Rain, mm Ann. Tot. Ppn., mm _{Ss Sr} 1/10 kPa 1/30 kPa 1/100 kPa Za Zv Zonal Velocity Ratio, v Vernon 405 -20 -23 33 20 3900 13 40 400 2.0 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.49 1 1 0.05 Victoria Region Victoria (Gonzales Hts) 65 -5 -7 23 17 2900 9 85 625 1.4 0.3 0.49 0.58 0.69 6 5 0.30 Victoria (Mt Tolmie) 125 -6 -8 24 16 3050 9 85 800 1.9 0.3 0.49 0.58 0.69 6 5 0.30 Victoria 10 -5 -7 24 17 2950 8 85 825 1.0 0.2 0.48 0.58 0.70 6 5 0.30 Williams Lake 615 -31 -34 29 17 5100 10 45 425 2.2 0.2 0.30 0.35 0.41 1 2 0.10 Youbou 200 -5 -7 31 19 3200 10 150 2100 3.5 0.6 0.46 0.55 0.66 4 4 0.20 Alberta Athabasca 515 -35 -38 28 19 6000 18 80 480 1.4 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 1 0.05 Banff 1400 -30 -32 27 17 5500 18 60 500 3.3 0.1 0.39 0.45 0.52 0 1 0.05 Barrhead 645 -34 -37 28 19 6000 20 80 475 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.49 0 1 0.05 Beaverlodge 730 -35 -38 28 18 5900 25 85 470 2.2 0.1 0.27 0.33 0.40 0 1 0.05 Brooks 760 -32 -34 32 19 5200 18 80 340 1.1 0.1 0.39 0.48 0.57 0 0 0.00 Calgary 1045 -31 -33 29 17 5200 23 95 425 1.0 0.1 0.40 0.46 0.54 0 1 0.05 Campsie 660 -34 -37 28 19 6000 20 80 475 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.49 0 1 0.05 Camrose 740 -33 -35 29 19 5700 20 85 470 1.8 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 0 0.00 Cardston 1130 -30 -33 29 18 4750 20 100 550 1.4 0.1 0.74 0.93 1.15 0 0 0.00 Claresholm 1030 -31 -34 29 18 4800 15 95 440 1.2 0.1 0.66 0.80 0.96 0 0 0.00 Cold Lake 540 -36 -38 28 20 6100 15 75 430 1.6 0.1 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Coleman 1320 -31 -34 28 18 5300 15 70 550 2.5 0.3 0.54 0.69 0.87 1 1 0.05 Coronation 790 -31 -33 30 19 5800 20 85 400 2.0 0.1 0.23 0.32 0.43 0 0 0.00 Cowley 1175 -31 -34 29 18 5100 15 75 525 1.5 0.1 0.73 0.91 1.13 0 1 0.05 Drumheller 685 -31 -33 29 18 5300 20 80 375 1.1 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.49 0 0 0.00 Edmonton 645 -32 -34 28 19 5400 23 90 460 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.40 0.51 0 1 0.05 Edson 920 -34 -37 28 18 5900 18 75 570 1.9 0.1 0.36 0.43 0.50 0 1 0.05 Embarras Portage 220 -41 -44 27 19 7100 10 80 390 1.7 0.1 0.31 0.37 0.45 0 0 0.00 Fairview 670 -38 -40 27 18 6050 15 80 450 2.4 0.1 0.26 0.32 0.39 0 1 0.05 Fort MacLeod 945 -31 -33 31 18 4600 16 90 425 1.1 0.1 0.68 0.83 1.00 0 0 0.00 Fort McMurray 255 -39 -41 28 19 6550 13 85 460 1.3 0.1 0.27 0.32 0.38 0 0 0.00 Fort Saskatchewan 610 -32 -35 28 19 5700 20 80 425 1.5 0.1 0.31 0.39 0.49 0 1 0.05 Fort Vermilion 270 -41 -43 28 18 6900 13 60 380 1.9 0.1 0.22 0.26 0.32 0 1 0.05 Grande Prairie 650 -36 -39 27 18 6000 23 80 450 2.0 0.1 0.37 0.44 0.52 0 1 0.05 Habay 335 -41 -43 28 18 7150 13 65 425 2.2 0.1 0.21 0.26 0.31 0 1 0.05 Hardisty 615 -33 -35 30 19 5900 20 70 425 1.6 0.1 0.24 0.32 0.42 0 0 0.00 High River 1040 -31 -33 28 17 5300 18 95 425 1.2 0.1 0.51 0.60 0.72 0 1 0.05 Hinton 990 -34 -38 27 17 5700 13 75 500 2.7 0.1 0.36 0.43 0.50 0 1 0.05 Jasper 1060 -32 -35 28 18 5500 10 70 400 3.0 0.1 0.37 0.43 0.50 1 1 0.05 Keg River 420 -40 -42 28 18 6800 13 60 450 2.2 0.1 0.21 0.26 0.31 0 1 0.05 Lac la Biche 560 -35 -38 28 19 6150 15 80 475 1.5 0.1 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Lacombe 855 -33 -35 29 18 5700 23 85 450 1.9 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 1 0.05 Lethbridge 910 -30 -33 31 18 4650 20 90 390 1.1 0.1 0.64 0.76 0.91 0 0 0.00 Manning 465 -39 -41 27 18 6700 13 75 390 2.1 0.1 0.21 0.26 0.32 0 1 0.05 Medicine Hat 705 -31 -34 33 19 4750 23 85 325 1.0 0.1 0.39 0.49 0.60 0 0 0.00 Peace River 330 -37 -40 27 18 6350 15 60 390 2.0 0.1 0.24 0.29 0.36 0 1 0.05 Pincher Creek 1130 -32 -34 29 18 5000 18 100 575 1.4 0.1 0.70 0.88 1.08 0 0 0.00

1.2.4.1.

Table 1.2.4.1. (Continued)

Design Temperature Hourly Wind Pressures Seismic Data

January July 2.5%

Ground Snow Load,

kPa Province and Location Elev.,_m

2.5% _C 1%_C Dry_C Wet_C Degree-Days Below 18C 15 Min. Rain, mm One Day Rain, mm Ann. Tot. Ppn., mm Ss Sr 1/10 kPa 1/30 kPa 1/100 kPa Za Zv Zonal Velocity Ratio, v Ranfurly 670 -34 -37 29 19 5950 18 85 420 1.7 0.1 0.23 0.29 0.36 0 0 0.00 Red Deer 855 -32 -35 29 18 5750 23 90 475 1.8 0.1 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 1 0.05 Rocky Mountain House 985 -31 -33 28 18 5700 20 80 550 1.7 0.1 0.33 0.40 0.48 0 1 0.05 Slave Lake 590 -36 -39 27 19 6000 15 75 500 1.7 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 1 0.05 Stettler 820 -32 -34 30 19 5700 20 90 450 2.0 0.1 0.24 0.32 0.42 0 0 0.00 Stony Plain 710 -32 -35 28 19 5500 23 90 540 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.40 0.51 0 1 0.05 Suffield 755 -32 -34 33 19 4900 20 80 325 1.2 0.1 0.43 0.52 0.64 0 0 0.00 Taber 815 -31 -33 31 19 4800 20 85 370 1.1 0.1 0.57 0.69 0.82 0 0 0.00 Turner Valley 1215 -31 -33 28 17 5600 20 90 600 1.3 0.1 0.51 0.60 0.71 0 1 0.05 Valleyview 700 -37 -40 27 18 5900 18 80 490 2.1 0.1 0.35 0.43 0.51 0 1 0.05 Vegreville 635 -34 -36 29 19 6100 18 80 410 1.7 0.1 0.25 0.32 0.40 0 0 0.00 Vermilion 580 -35 -38 29 20 6150 18 80 410 1.6 0.1 0.23 0.28 0.34 0 0 0.00 Wagner 585 -36 -39 27 19 6000 15 70 500 1.7 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 1 0.05 Wainwright 675 -33 -36 29 19 6000 20 75 425 1.8 0.1 0.24 0.32 0.41 0 0 0.00 Wetaskiwin 760 -33 -35 29 19 5800 23 80 500 1.8 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 1 0.05 Whitecourt 690 -35 -38 27 18 6000 20 90 550 1.7 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.48 0 1 0.05 Wimborne 975 -31 -34 29 18 5650 23 85 450 1.5 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 0 0.00 Saskatchewan Assiniboia 740 -32 -34 32 21 5300 33 75 375 1.5 0.1 0.44 0.52 0.63 0 0 0.00 Battrum 700 -32 -34 32 20 5400 28 70 350 1.1 0.1 0.49 0.60 0.74 0 0 0.00 Biggar 645 -34 -36 31 20 6000 23 70 350 1.9 0.1 0.48 0.60 0.76 0 0 0.00 Broadview 600 -34 -36 30 22 6000 25 100 420 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.39 0.47 0 0 0.00 Dafoe 530 -36 -39 29 21 6300 20 85 380 1.6 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 0 0.00 Dundurn 525 -35 -37 31 20 5900 10 90 380 1.4 0.1 0.39 0.48 0.57 0 0 0.00 Estevan 565 -32 -34 32 22 5400 36 85 420 1.5 0.1 0.42 0.51 0.62 0 0 0.00 Hudson Bay 370 -37 -39 29 21 6500 18 70 450 1.8 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 0 0.00 Humboldt 565 -36 -39 28 21 6300 20 80 375 1.9 0.1 0.29 0.36 0.44 0 0 0.00 Island Falls 305 -39 -41 26 20 7300 10 70 510 1.9 0.1 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Kamsack 455 -35 -37 29 22 6300 20 90 450 1.9 0.2 0.32 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Kindersley 685 -33 -35 32 20 5750 23 80 325 1.3 0.1 0.45 0.58 0.73 0 0 0.00 Lloydminster 645 -35 -38 29 20 6100 18 70 430 1.8 0.1 0.30 0.37 0.46 0 0 0.00 Maple Creek 765 -31 -34 31 20 4850 28 70 380 1.1 0.1 0.47 0.58 0.71 0 0 0.00 Meadow Lake 480 -36 -39 28 20 6200 15 70 450 1.6 0.1 0.36 0.45 0.55 0 0 0.00 Melfort 455 -37 -40 28 21 6350 18 75 410 1.9 0.1 0.26 0.32 0.40 0 0 0.00 Melville 550 -34 -36 29 21 6100 23 70 410 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.37 0.43 0 0 0.00 Moose Jaw 545 -32 -34 32 21 5350 28 80 360 1.3 0.1 0.36 0.43 0.51 0 0 0.00 Nipawin 365 -38 -41 28 21 6450 18 70 450 1.8 0.1 0.27 0.34 0.43 0 0 0.00 North Battleford 545 -34 -36 30 20 6000 20 75 370 1.6 0.1 0.45 0.62 0.83 0 0 0.00 Prince Albert 435 -37 -41 29 21 6450 20 80 410 1.7 0.1 0.26 0.34 0.44 0 0 0.00 Qu’Appelle 645 -34 -36 30 21 5800 25 95 430 1.6 0.1 0.34 0.39 0.46 0 0 0.00 Regina 575 -34 -36 31 21 5750 28 95 365 1.3 0.1 0.34 0.39 0.46 0 0 0.00 Rosetown 595 -33 -35 32 20 5900 25 70 330 1.6 0.1 0.47 0.58 0.71 0 0 0.00 Saskatoon 500 -35 -37 30 20 5950 23 80 350 1.6 0.1 0.36 0.44 0.54 0 0 0.00 Scott 645 -34 -36 31 20 6100 20 70 360 1.7 0.1 0.44 0.58 0.75 0 0 0.00 Strasbourg 545 -34 -36 30 21 5900 25 85 390 1.4 0.1 0.33 0.39 0.46 0 0 0.00 Swift Current 750 -32 -34 32 20 5400 33 75 350 1.3 0.1 0.46 0.56 0.69 0 0 0.00

Table 1.2.4.1. (Continued)

Design Temperature Hourly Wind Pressures Seismic Data

January July 2.5%

Ground Snow Load,

kPa

Province and Location Elev.,

m 2.5% _C 1%_C Dry_C Wet_C Degree-Days Below 18C 15 Min. Rain, mm One Day Rain, mm Ann. Tot. Ppn., mm _{Ss Sr} 1/10 kPa 1/30 kPa 1/100 kPa Za Zv Zonal Velocity Ratio, v Uranium City 265 -44 -46 26 19 7850 8 50 360 1.8 0.1 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Weyburn 575 -33 -35 32 22 5500 33 100 400 1.3 0.1 0.38 0.45 0.53 0 0 0.00 Yorkton 510 -34 -37 29 21 6150 23 90 440 1.6 0.1 0.32 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Manitoba Beausejour 245 -33 -35 28 23 5900 28 90 530 1.7 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.45 0 0 0.00 Boissevain 510 -32 -34 32 23 5700 33 110 510 2.0 0.2 0.44 0.52 0.63 0 0 0.00 Brandon 395 -33 -35 31 22 6000 36 100 460 1.9 0.2 0.37 0.45 0.54 0 0 0.00 Churchill 10 -39 -41 24 18 9200 8 60 410 2.6 0.2 0.48 0.59 0.72 0 0 0.00 Dauphin 295 -33 -35 30 22 6050 25 100 490 1.7 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Flin Flon 300 -38 -40 27 20 6700 13 75 475 2.0 0.2 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Gimli 220 -34 -36 29 23 6100 28 100 530 1.7 0.2 0.30 0.37 0.45 0 0 0.00 Island Lake 240 -36 -38 26 20 7100 13 80 550 2.4 0.2 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Lac du Bonnet 260 -34 -36 28 23 6000 28 90 560 1.7 0.2 0.28 0.34 0.41 0 0 0.00 Lynn Lake 350 -40 -42 27 19 7900 8 70 490 2.2 0.2 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Morden 300 -31 -33 31 23 5550 28 110 520 2.0 0.2 0.40 0.48 0.56 0 0 0.00 Neepawa 365 -32 -34 30 22 5900 33 100 470 2.0 0.2 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Pine Falls 220 -34 -36 28 23 6100 25 80 420 1.7 0.2 0.29 0.35 0.43 0 0 0.00 Portage la Prairie 260 -31 -33 30 23 5800 36 110 525 1.9 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.51 0 0 0.00 Rivers 465 -34 -36 30 22 6000 33 100 460 1.9 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.51 0 0 0.00 Sandilands 365 -32 -34 29 23 5850 28 90 550 2.0 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Selkirk 225 -33 -35 29 23 5900 28 100 500 1.7 0.2 0.33 0.39 0.47 0 0 0.00 Split Lake 175 -38 -40 27 19 8100 10 60 500 2.3 0.2 0.37 0.45 0.54 0 0 0.00 Steinbach 270 -33 -35 30 23 5800 28 85 500 1.8 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.44 0 0 0.00 Swan River 335 -36 -38 29 22 6200 20 85 500 1.8 0.2 0.30 0.35 0.42 0 0 0.00 The Pas 270 -36 -38 28 21 6750 15 75 450 1.9 0.2 0.33 0.40 0.49 0 0 0.00 Thompson 205 -42 -45 26 19 7850 10 70 540 2.2 0.2 0.37 0.45 0.54 0 0 0.00 Virden 435 -33 -35 30 22 5800 33 100 460 1.8 0.2 0.36 0.43 0.51 0 0 0.00 Winnipeg 235 -33 -35 30 23 5900 28 90 500 1.7 0.2 0.35 0.42 0.49 0 0 0.00 Ontario Ailsa Craig 230 -17 -19 30 23 4000 25 95 950 2.0 0.4 0.40 0.50 0.62 0 0 0.00 Ajax 95 -20 -22 30 23 4000 23 85 825 0.9 0.4 0.43 0.52 0.64 1 1 0.05 Alexandria 80 -24 -26 30 23 4600 28 95 975 2.2 0.4 0.30 0.37 0.45 4 2 0.10 Alliston 220 -23 -25 29 23 4400 28 105 875 1.8 0.4 0.22 0.29 0.38 1 0 0.05 Almonte 120 -26 -28 30 23 4850 25 80 800 2.3 0.4 0.30 0.37 0.46 4 2 0.10 Armstrong 340 -39 -42 28 21 7050 23 90 725 2.5 0.4 0.21 0.25 0.29 0 0 0.00 Arnprior 85 -27 -29 30 23 4800 23 80 775 2.3 0.4 0.27 0.34 0.42 4 2 0.10 Atikokan 400 -34 -37 29 22 6100 25 95 760 2.2 0.3 0.21 0.25 0.29 0 0 0.00 Aurora 270 -21 -23 30 23 4300 28 100 800 1.8 0.4 0.30 0.39 0.50 1 0 0.05 Bancroft 365 -27 -29 29 22 4900 25 85 900 2.8 0.4 0.23 0.29 0.36 2 1 0.05 Barrie 245 -24 -26 29 22 4600 28 90 900 2.3 0.4 0.21 0.29 0.39 1 1 0.05 Barriefield 100 -22 -24 27 23 4250 23 105 950 1.9 0.4 0.35 0.43 0.52 2 1 0.05 Beaverton 240 -24 -26 30 22 4550 28 100 950 2.0 0.4 0.24 0.32 0.42 1 1 0.05 Belleville 90 -22 -24 29 23 4100 23 95 850 1.6 0.4 0.32 0.39 0.48 1 1 0.05 Belmont 260 -17 -19 30 23 4050 25 90 950 1.6 0.4 0.35 0.45 0.58 0 0 0.00

Big Trout Lake 215 -38 -40 25 20 7650 13 85 600 2.9 0.2 0.33 0.39 0.46 0 0 0.00