International Cotton Advisory Committee
in
Braud M. (ed.), Campagne P. (ed.).
Le coton en Méditerranée et au Moyen-Orient Montpellier : CIHEAM
Options Méditerranéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988-I 1988
pages 15à18
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--- International Cotton Advisory Committee Qu ality an d yields in th e Mediterran ean cou n tries. In : Braud M. (ed.), Campagne P. (ed.). Le coton en Méditerranée et au Moyen-Orient. Montpellier : CIHEAM, 1988. p. 15à18 (Options Méditerranéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988-I)
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Quality and yield in Mediterränean-countries
International Cotton Advisory Committee Technical information section - Washington
D u r i n g t h e g i n n i n g c o n f e r e n c e a t t h e r e c e n t
i n the United States, there was a panel discussion by textile mill representatives on what quality factors are most important to the textile mills.
Textile manufacturers emphasize that strength, length, uniformity, maturity, neps and short fiber are of greatest importance but the premiums and discounts on the price of cotton are based on grades. Within limits, compromises can be made
between grade and other fiber properties du’ring ginning. There are no more than compromises since lint cleaning will reduce the foreign matter content and thus improve grades but in so doing the short fiber and nep levels will be increased.
1984 G e o f f W o o d h e a d o f C o u r t a u l d s seminar in Arusha in which he pointed out that o v e r t h e p a s t t w e n t y y e a r s t h e r e h a s b e e n a
progressive increase i n the short fiber content of cotton, notably from the United States. This
phenomenon could be related to the progressive increase in mechanical harvesting during that period with the associated increase in the use of lint cleaners i n order to achieve satisfactory grades. A t this year ‘S Beltwide Conferences, during a session
on neps, of
Charlotesville, Virginia, spoke of an increase in seed coat fragments in cotton lint. These are very small fragments which are attached to a tuft of fiber making their removal by cleaners either in the ginnery or spinning mills extremely difficult. They are spun into the yarn and appear as small black specks in knitted or woven fabrics which interfere with the uptake of d y e , l e a v i n g s m a l l , w h i t e ,
undyed spots under the fragment. Another paper discussed differences in fiber maturity in bolls at
different fruiting positions on the plant. This paper showed that b o b on the lower fruiting branches
and in the fruiting positions closest to the stem produce lint with a higher maturity than those
further out on the fruiting branches and further up t h e m a i n s t e m . T h i s i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y n e w
information but it is very relevant when viewed i n relation to the problem of increased short fiber and increased seed coat fragment.
This paper attempts to relate the problems of increased short fiber and increased seed coat fragments to the main topics of t h e s e m i n a r , notably earliness and mechanization. i s n o t intended to provide answers but rather to ask
questions in order to stimulate discussion and possible new lines o f research.
Fiber and seed maturity
At the i n 1966
discussed the components of yield
weigh is made up of is a component
of both yield in the
of cotton lead to a will the development of
bol1 position
at the in Las Vegas was a
bolls
they open bolls. This applies equally to
of on
done a t t h e in Athens in 1984.
a move
use of this type of chemical in t h e USA.
would e x p e c t t h a t t h e l e s s
would to
to a
of chemicals to
Breeding for early maturity
cotton is being made to
a s
objective has been to develop
a season which is by
objective is t o which can escape of a food
Low conducted a on
of New South Wales a t a latitude of about 37" south of some
which he developed to
as 16 but once they moved
cool limiting in the
of
and could no compete.
was
station in New South Wales in the mid 70's.
is
and of the
season cool.
and well in advance of
16. when Tamcot is moved to
to be the ability to come into in
Godoy two on a genetic
analysis of
1985.
phenological a dialell analysis
of
showed
that the of the
the onset of boll opening.
They concluded this study that plant height, days to
would be good selection of individual
plants since these have
show significant of
study. The second study showed that the highest by
the slowest
of of and elongation.
a t t h e Sydney Thomson
is being put into developing not only to fit
but to
pointed out that as yield, quality and disease is
a of
he did expect
to of two
The question is as to how cotton is
physiologically capable of of
cotton with a a
a high level of stability
to
season to season and between locations in the same season. This suggests that
could be a as t h e
of a t a n y one time
of limitations in available photosynthate.
harvesting
pointed population is such
t h a t bolls plant to
States a of
30 inch we
good examples of twin potential of
could be compensated by
et al on
of 30
inch
a t 30
30 38
planting at 30 inch
also gave the 30 inch
to 30
could new
for of
et al.
of Texas, 30
40 inch cotton by 12 at the close spacing. These
modified
60 inches between picking heads so
one while picking two taking the middle
30 inch and 40 inch cotton but the 30 inch cotton gave a
a in the field capacity of
et al. a
in made between cotton
with 30 A
a
of at
spacings, a of is achieved and
yields for
any
of could be achieved
if of
using these two systems. The
would minimum damage to the cotton.
Conclusions
is
be
once of chemicals to
and bol1 opening.
with the development of
could be by
yields
ends may be achieved without loss of yield or of
4. Weir, Vargas A. George, and Wiley 1985.
1. T., 1966. Yield Components in Cotton Effect of on (30-inch) with
2. Sappenfield, Boon and Ward J.N., 1984.
in of the
5. Godoy Niles G.A.,1985. Genetic Analysis of
Cotton l. a n d
3. Valco, Norman J.W. Jr., J o n e s 6. Niles, G.A. and Godoy of
and Namken Leo N., Cotton Yield
Cotton :
options
