• Aucun résultat trouvé

Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study."

Copied!
31
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer’s disease: an 8-year follow-up study. Virginie Rondeau, Daniel Commenges, Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda, Jean-François Dartigues. To cite this version: Virginie Rondeau, Daniel Commenges, Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda, Jean-François Dartigues. Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer’s disease: an 8-year follow-up study.. American Journal of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2000, 152 (1), pp.59-66. �inserm-00138528�. HAL Id: inserm-00138528 https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00138528 Submitted on 17 Jan 2008. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) HAL author manuscript.  

(3)   

(4)  

(5)  

(6)  !  "# "#

(7) "$

(8) %&' 

(9) ( 

(10) &' 

(11) )* 

(12) ,+-.!&/

(13)  1 0 2,  &34  5! 67

(14) 8:9<; &=>  :?9@ 5 A; Am J Epidemiol 01/07/2000; 152(1): 59-66. HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. B CEDGF>CEHICKJ:L#M>HINOJPRQ<STVUPRHICEJWYXZM>[ [ JHIF>J]\^STV_aJ]` WcJb HOJed>PRf]gh[ CKHhikj:PRNIN<P>SlTmdRJPRHni o<D^PpH!fq M>CE\rUPRDks^CKFRQIJ\ S SutwvyxIz'{#| }~<€‚<„ƒ † n‡‰ˆ }Y~<€‚Š „l‹^Œ €‚<„ƒ  €cŽl ‹ x „c‘†’R“K„ ~•” ‹4–h„G’R—R˜ tGt ˆ ™š› ‹u—<„œ „ ƒ x ’ € ‘ ~ ’  ˆ † n‡nž › ” ‹4–h„G’R—R˜,Ÿ „G–h„4˜ ¡APRD4fw¢£>T<¤R¥>¥>¥. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in American Journal of Epidemiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/152/1/59.

(15) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. ¦¨§©hªO«<¬ ­ª ®YM CEH†¯>J\ks^CEF†Pps^JsG¢IJ:J]°VJfls#MR±PpWKQI[ CKH²QI[³PRHIN\GCEWKCEfP.CEHaNIDGCEHI´²CKHIFµZPps^J]DrM>H*s^¢IJ D4CK\G´¶MR±NOJ[ JH†s^CKPPRHIN%·U¸s^¢IJPRQOsG¢IM>DG\¹PRH<PRW»ºn¼]JN%NIPpswP.±½D4M>[³PW¾PpDGF>J$¿IDGMR\G¿@Jf]sGCE¯RJ f]M>¢IM>DksaÀÂÁ5PRg²QICKN<ÃCKHOfWKQONICKHIF•ÄOTÆÅ>Å>Åa\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\¶PRF>JNÊɆ˺>JPRDG\PRHINÊM‰¯>J]DT WECE¯hCKHIF•Pps ¢IMR[ÌJCKHAÅ>Ë f]CE¯hCKWÍ¿IPRDGCE\G¢IJ]\CKHAjCKDGMRHINIJ.PRHIN,UMRDGNIM>FRHIJ.CEH•\4M>QOsG¢²µ J\ks^J]DGHÎo<D^PRHIf]JRÏ ®r¢IJ \GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\µ JD4J̱½M>WEWKM‰µZJ]NÐQO¿Ð±½M>D:JCEF>¢†s:º>JPpDG\.µ#C»s^¢ÐPRHÊPpf]s^C»¯>J \GJPRDGfw¢±½MRDCEHni f]CKNIJ]H²s.fPp\GJ\MR±¹NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PM>D:·UÏ5¡•JPRHÊJlÑn¿@M>\GQODGJÌsGM,PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ÒPpHIN\4CKWKCEfP*CKH NID4CKHI´²CEHIFµZPps^J]Dµ¹PR\ J]\4sGCK[ÌPps^J]NeCKHeJPpfw¢ÌPpDGJPnÏ5ÓÐJ#PRH<PRW»ºn¼]JN ¤nTÔÉ>Õ>ÖHOM>HniNOJ[ JH†s^J]N \4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\ Pps'Ç<PR\4JWECKHIJpT²PRHIN¶±½M>D!µ#¢IM>[7fM>[ ¿VMRHIJH†s^\'MR±VNID4CKHI´²CKHOFµ¹PpsGJDPRHIN fM‰¯pPRD4C»i PpsGJ\µ JDGJ×P¯RPpCKW¾PpÇIWKJpÏ ¤>ËRÄ*CKHIf]CKNIJ]H†s.fPR\GJ]\.Mp±¹NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾PaCKHIf]WKQINOCKHIF£‰Ö>¤a·Uص JD4J CENIJH†s^C»Ù<JNÏ!®r¢IJ¹D4JWKPps^C»¯>JZD4CK\4´Mp±ÚNIJ[ JH†s^CKPPRNÛÈ4QO\4s^J]N±½M>DPpF>JRT>FRJHINIJ]DT†J]NIQIfPÛs^CKMRH<PRW WEJ]¯>J]WcTh¿IW¾PpfJ$MR±ÍDGJ]\GCENIJHIf]JPRHIN̵#CKHIJyfM>HI\4QI[ ¿Os^CEM>H̵ZPR\r¤hÏÆ¥>Ä×ÀÂՆË¿VJ]DGfJ]H†s#XZÜ#£>ÏƤRÄÛi ÄOÏÔÄRݲÃ!±½M>D'\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\¹JuÑn¿VM>\4JN%sGMPRWEQI[ CKH²QI[7f]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>H×F>D4JPpsGJD's^¢<PpH%¥OÏ»£[ F²ÞpWÂÏ ®r¢ICE\DGJ]\GQIW»seµ¹Pp\efM>HOÙIDG[ JNß±½M>D·UàÀáPRNÛÈ4QI\ks^J]N(D4JWKPps^C»¯>J×D4CK\4´Oâ:¤nÏƤR¥OT'Õ>ËA¿VJ]DGfJ]H†s XZÜ.£>Ïã¤ÛÝpiäÄOÏÔÖ>ՆÃuÏܐH†¯>J]DG\GJ]WEºRT5s^¢OJÌPpNÛÈ4QI\4sGJNÐDGJWKPps^C»¯>JD4CK\4´,MR± NIJ[ JH†s^CKP%±½M>D\GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\ JuÑO¿@M>\4JNs^M%\4CKWECKfPAÀkå³£>£>ÏƤ>ËÌ[ F²ÞpW¾ÃrµZPR\¥OÏÆÅ>Ë,ÀáՆËÌ¿@JD4fJH†s.XZÜ$¥OÏÆËRÖÛi¥OÏÆÕRɆÃlÏy®r¢IJ\4J Ù<HONICKHIFR\\GQI¿O¿VM>Dkss^¢OJ%¢†ºn¿@MRsG¢IJ\4CK\s^¢IPps¶PRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[æCKHÊNODGCKHO´hCEHIFAµZPps^J]DeCK\P,DGCK\4´ ±áPRfls^M>D¹±½MRDr·UÏ £.

(16) •ç è†éëêìÚíÛî5ïRðyPRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[•ñn·WE¼¢IJ]CK[ JDòó\$UCK\4JPR\4JRñÚNIJ[ JH†sGC¾POñÚNID4CKHI´²CKHOF µZPps^J]Dñ \4CKWKCEfP HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. ¤.

(17) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. · W»s^¢IMRQIF>¢A[QIfw¢J]°VM>D4s¢<PR\yÇVJ]JHNIJl¯>MRsGJN,s^M×CKNIJ]H²sGCE±‚ºhCKHOF sG¢IJF>J]HIJ]sGCKf.NIJ]sGJDki [ CKH<PpH²sG\ZMR±·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\¹NICK\4JPR\4J¶Àá·U:ÃlTõôCEsZCK\ZWECK´pJWEº¶sG¢<Ppsrf]JD4s^PRCKH×JH†¯hCKDGMRHI[ÌJ]H†swPRW ±áPRfls^M>D4\¿IW¾PºAP*DGM>WEJCKH,sG¢ICK\NOCK\GJPR\GJpÏeöZJ]fPRQI\4J¶MR±ZC»s^\¿ODGM‰¯>J]HÐHIJ]QIDGMps^MÑnCKfC»sº>TPRWEQni [ CKH²QI[÷[ÌP‰ºÇ@JM>HIJ.\GQIfw¢±áPRfls^M>D]Ï·W»s^¢IMRQIF>¢AsG¢IJ¢†ºh¿VMRsG¢IJ\4CK\MR±PÌWKCKHO´Ç@J]sµ JJ]H PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[PpHIN,·Uø¢<PR\yÇVJ]JH,\4QI¿I¿@M>D4sGJN,džº\GJl¯>JDGPRW!ÇOCKM>WEM>F>CKfPRWVÙIHINICKHOF>\TóùÂúGûQIHni f]JD4s^PRCKH†sºÎ\4sGCKWEW¿ODGJ]¯pPRCEWK\]ÏAUCKPRWEºh\GCE\:JHIf]J¿I¢<PpWKM>¿<PÛs^¢†ºOü¶CE\M>HIJÌMR±rs^¢OJ×[ÌPRCKHÎM>ÇI\4JDki ¯pPpsGCKM>HI\eCEHß±áP‰¯RM>QID MR±$s^¢IJHIJQODGMRsGM‰ÑnCEfCEsºÊMR±PpWKQI[ CKH²QI[àÇVJ]fPRQI\4J•C»s¶¿IDGM‰¯RJ\ÌsG¢<Pps PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ýCK\%PRÇIWKJs^MßD4JPRfw¢þs^¢OJ,ÇID^PpCKHþPRHON¨CEHINIQIf]J,HIJ]QIDGMRÙIÇIDGCEWKW¾PpD4ºÿNIJ]F>JHIJ]D^PÛi sGCKM>HÐPRHINÐHIJQID4M>H<PRWNIJPps^¢mÏ hJ]¯>J]D^PRW J¿ICENIJ[ CKMRWKM>F>CEfPRWY\4sGQINICEJ\¢IP‰¯RJ×D4J¿@M>D4sGJNßPRH PR\4\GMhfCKPps^CEM>HÇ@J]sµ JJ]HÌJuÑO¿@M>\4QIDGJrs^M:PpWKQI[ CKH²QI[ PRHONeNIJ[ JH†s^CKPOT>[ M>\4s\4s^QONOºhCKHIF:PRWEQni [ CKH²QI[Ò±½D4M>[æNIDGCEHI´²CKHIFµ¹PÛs^JD]T  ú  ÇIQOs\GM>[ J¶±½DGM>[ MRsG¢IJD.\GM>QID4fJ]\Ï ô ¾ôô ·HIMRsG¢IJD ¢†ºh¿VMps^¢IJ]\GCK\$¢<PR\$Ç@JJHA¿IDGM>¿@M>\4JNAdžºöZCEDGfw¢<PpWKWáôáù Kô yM>Has^¢OJ.D4M>WKJ:MR±!\GCKWECKf]M>H*CKHaµ¹PÛs^JD PR\ P ¿IDGMps^Jfls^C»¯>Ja±áPRf]sGM>D PRF†PRCEHI\4s PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[àsGMÑOCEfC»sº>Ïë_yM‰µZJl¯>J]DT¹s^¢OJDGJCK\¶[QOfw¢ f]M>H†s^DGM‰¯RJDG\kºÿDGJ]F†PRDGNOCKHIFAsG¢IJ\4J%Ù<HINICEHIF>\ePpHINßs^¢IJ]CKDCEH†s^JD4¿IDGJlswPpsGCKM>HT CKHÊ¿<PpD4s^CEfQIWKPRD M‰µ#CKHOFsGMADGJ]fJ]H²sGWEºÎ¿IQIÇOWKCK\4¢IJNÎJ¿OCKNIJ][ÌCEM>WKM>FRCKfPpW!\4sGQINICEJ\:µ#¢ICKfw¢±áPpCKWKJ]Ns^MaÙ<HINßPRH PR\4\GMhfCKPps^CEM>HmÏõ ô

(18) ¾ôáû ܐH ¿ID4J]¯hCKMRQI\A¿<Pp¿VJ]DG\lôáü Kô  µZJТ<P¯>JÊ\4¢IM‰µ#H s^¢<Pps•Ç<PR\4JWECKHIJÎfM>FRHICEsGCE¯>J ¿@JDk±½M>Dki [ÌPRHIf]J\MR± \GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\.CEH,s^¢IJ Á5PRg²QICKN fMR¢IM>D4sµ JD4J¶fM>D4DGJWKPps^J]Nµ#CEs^¢WEJ]¯RJWK\:MR± PRWEQni [ CKH²QI[ PRHON/\GCEWKCKfPCKH NODGCKHO´hCEHIFеZPpsGJDÏ _yJ]DGJAµ JA¿ODGJ\4JH†saDGJ]\GQIW»s^\ ±½M>DÌCEHIfCENIJH†s Ä.

(19) NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾P¶PRHON·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\rNICK\4JPR\4J.Ç<Pp\GJNM>H•Öº>JPpDG\$MR±5±½MRWKWKM‰µ¹i QI¿mÏ HAL author manuscript. ¦  !"# ¦²¦  $&%(')+* è. inserm-00138528, version 1. r® ¢IJeÁ5PRg²QICKN•fM>¢OM>D4syµ¹PR\yNIJ\4CKF>HOJNAsGM%\4sGQINOº¿IDGMR\G¿@Jf]sGCE¯RJWEº•P×D4J¿ID4J\4JH†swPpsGCE¯RJ DGPRHINIM>[Ø\GPR[Ì¿OWKJMp±ÄOTÆÅ>Å>Å.¿@JM>¿OWKJPpF>JN*É>˺>JPRDG\rM>D M>WKNOJD Pps¹Ç<Pp\GJWECKHIJpTOPpHIN*WKC»¯nCEHIF Pps$¢IMR[ÌJCKHM>HIJMR±'ÅRË D^PpHINIM>[ CK¼]JNDGQIDGPRWM>D#QIDGÇ<PpHA¿<PRD4CK\4¢IJ\yMR±!sG¢IJPpNI[ÌCEHICK\ks^DGPÛi sGCE¯>J×PRDGJPR\MR±yjCKD4M>HINIJÌM>DUMRDGNIM>FRHIJR,Ï hQIÇhÈ4Jfls^\eµ JDGJ*DGPRHINIMR[ÌW»º \GJWEJfls^JNß±½D4M>[ J]WKJfls^M>DGPRWYDGM>WEWK\yPRHINÇ<PR\4JWECKHIJ.N<PpswP µZJ]DGJefMRWKWKJ]f]sGJN,CEHÊ£‰Õ>Ö>Ö iw£‰Õ>ÖRÕO-Ï hQIÇhÈ4Jfls^\µ JD4J sG¢IJHD4Jli J]¯pPRWKQIPps^J]N%£>T>ÄnT²ËPRHINÖyº>JPRDG\ PÛ±‚s^JDYs^¢IJ CKHIC»s^CKPRWR¯hCK\4CEs!sGMNICKPRF>HIMR\GJZCEHIfCENIJH†s fPR\GJ]\.MR± NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾POÏe®r¢OJÌF>J]HIJDGPRW [ J]s^¢OMnNIMRWKM>FRº•MR±ZÁ!PRg²QICENТIPR\:ÇVJ]JHNOJ\Gf]DGCEÇVJ]N ±½QIWEWEºÌJWE\GJ]µ#¢OJDGJpÏ ô .Kô  / è % 1ï 0í è,ì32îè ' 5è 47698 %% 45î:;. Ü H ÇIDGCEJ]±äT†¿ID4J]¯pPRWKJ]H†sZPpHINÌCEHIfCENIJH†s'fPR\GJ]\ MR±VNIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾Pµ JDGJ$NIJls^Jfls^J]N×džº PsµZMpi \ks^J¿ß¿ODGMhfJNOQIDGJpÏ,o!CEDG\4sTPRWEW'¿<PRD4sGCKf]CK¿<PRH†sG\QIHINOJD4µ JH†s P£li¢IM>QOD.¢IMR[ÌJ CKH†s^J]D4¯hCKJlµ PRHONPr¿I\kºnfw¢OM>[ÌJls^D4CKf'J]¯pPRWEQ<Pps^CEM>Hµ#CEsG¢P#sGD^PRCEHIJN:¿I\kºnfw¢OM>WKM>FRCK\4s͵#¢OMy\kºn\ks^J][×PpsGCKfPRWKW»º f]M>[Ì¿OWKJ]sGJN P*\4s^PRHIN<PpDGNICE¼JNÎg²QIJ\ks^CEM>HIH<PRCEDGJeNIJ]\GCEF>HIJN s^MaM>ÇnswPRCEH,s^¢IJe·Àá[ J[ M>Dkº CE[Ì¿<PpCKDG[ JH†swÃlTnö7À½CK[ ¿<PRCKD4[ÌJ]H†s¹MR±Pps#WKJPR\4s$M>HIJ:MRsG¢IJD#f]M>F>HIC»s^CE¯RJ±½QIHIfls^CKMRHÚùPRHINAX Ý.

(20) HAL author manuscript. ½À CKH†s^J]D4±½JD4JHIf]Jrµ#CEs^¢ \GMhfCKPRWIPpHINÌ¿ODGMR±½J]\G\GCEM>H<PRWOWKCE±½JÃ5fD4CEsGJDGCKP±½M>D NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾P:PRf]fM>D4NICKHIF sGM%s^¢IJeU<O¡aiÜ4ÜGÜciäL:Ïóù=>nJf]M>HINmTÍ\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\¿VMR\GCEsGCE¯RJ.±½M>DsG¢IJ\4JefD4CEs^J]DGCKP̵ZJ]DGJeJuÑIPp[¶i CEHIJN(džº(PÐ\GJ]HICKMRD HOJQID4M>WKM>FRCK\4seµ#¢OMfMRHOÙ<DG[ JNÿs^¢OJ•NICKPRF>HIMR\GCK\¶PpHIN/PR¿O¿IWKCEJNßs^¢IJ ?$@Ü ?X¹<U ²i ·UL$U$·yùGôfDGC»s^J]DGC¾P:±½M>DZ·U PRHIN%sG¢IJ:_PRfw¢OCKHI\4´hCV\Gf]M>DGJ±½M>D¯pPR\Gf]QIW¾PRDZNIJli [ JH†s^CKPRùùs^MaNIMhfQI[ JH†s:s^¢OJ NOC¾PRF>HOM>\GCE\MR±ZNOJ[ JH†s^CKPPpHINÐC»s^\Jls^CKMRWKM>FRBº A¿ODGM>Ç<PpÇIWKJ M>Dr¿@M>\4\GCKÇOWKJ·U M>DrMRsG¢IJDrsºh¿@JMp±NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾POÏ. inserm-00138528, version 1. / è % 1ï 0í è,ì32yèDC ) ì@ï10í è ·\4¿VJ]fCEÙIf%\4sGQINOº/Àá·-EY¡•·ÃµZPR\\4s^PRD4sGJNßCEH/£‰Õ>Õ>¥as^M,JuÑOPR[ÌCEHIJÌsG¢IJ%D4JW¾PÛs^CKMRHni. \4¢ICK¿ÊÇ@J]sµ JJ]H(PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[æCEHÊNID4CKHI´²CKHOF•µZPps^J]DePRHINÊ·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\UCK\4JPR\4J̱½M>Ds^¢IJ Á5PRg²QICKN \GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\϶·$±‚s^JDCEH†¯>J\ks^CEF†Pps^CEM>HMR±s^¢IJµZPpsGJD:NICK\ks^D4CKÇIQOsGCKM>HAHIJ]sµ M>DG´ÚTs^¢IJ \GPR[Ì¿OWKJ:µ¹PR\yNICE¯hCENIJN•CKH†s^M%ÅRÖÌNID4CKHI´²CEHIF̵ZPps^J]DPRD4JPR\]Ïy®¹µ M*\GQOD4¯>Jlºh\µZJ]DGJfPRDGD4CKJN M>QnsCKH룉Õ>ÕO£Ìs^M,[ JPR\4QIDGJÌ¿<_PRHONÊfM>HOfJH†sGD^PpsGCKM>HI\MR±$PRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[•TfPpWKfCEQI[T!PRHON F QOM>DGCEHIJÌCEHJPRfw¢µZPps^J]D\GQO¿I¿IWEºRT PRHINÐs^MA\ks^QINnºÐsG¢IJ̯pPRD4C¾PRÇICEWKC»sºAMR±Zs^¢IJÌ[ÌJPR\GQID4Jli [ JH†s^\]Ï ®r¢IJ\4J:N<PpswPµ JD4J:NIJ\4fDGCEÇVJ]NaCKH*NIJlswPRCEWdžºad>PRf]g²[ÌCEH%J]s ’R“ Ï ôáü ®r¢OJH•PRWKWÚs^¢IJ D4J\GQOWEs^\MR±¹sG¢IJ fw¢IJ[ CKfPRWPRH<PRW»ºn\4J\.MR±¹NID4CKHI´²CEHIFµZPpsGJD*À½CKHIf]WKQINOCKHIFa\GCEWKCEfP†ÃfPRDGD4CKJN M>Qnsedžºs^¢OJ%\^PRHOCEswPpD4ºPRNI[ CKHICE\4s^DGPps^CEM>HÎÇVJlsµZJ]JH¨£‰Õ>ÕO£*PpHINþ£‰Õ>ÕRÝ,µ JD4J*fM>WEWKJ]f]s^J]NmÏ ®r¢IJ]DGJl±½M>DGJpT±½M>DJPRfw¢ßNIDGCEHI´²CKHIFµ¹PÛs^JDPRDGJPOT!µ J%fMR[Ì¿IQns^JNÿPaµZJ]CKF>¢†sGJNß[ JPRHÊMp± PRWEWs^¢OJ.[ JPR\4QIDGJ]\MR±!JPRfw¢•NIDGCEHI´²CKHIFeµZPps^J]Df]M>[Ì¿@M>HIJ]H†sÏó®r¢IJµ JCEF>¢†s^CEHIF sGMnMR´%CKH†s^M Ë.

(21) HAL author manuscript. PRf]fM>QOH²s!s^¢IJrWEJHIFRsG¢MR±<sG¢IJr¿VJ]DGCEMnNMp±ÚQI\GJrMR±ÚJPRfw¢eµ¹PÛs^JD!\GQI¿I¿OWEºM‰¯RJDs^¢OJ¹¿IDGJl¯hCKM>QI\ £‰¥º>JPRDG\Àk£‰ÕRÖO£]iw£Õ>ÕO£ Ã!PpHIN sG¢IJ$DGJWKPps^C»¯>J#fMRH²sGDGCEÇIQOs^CEM>H¶MR±mJPRfw¢×µZPps^J]D \4QI¿I¿IW»º>Ï ®r¢IJ ¿ID4J\4JH†s\ks^QINnºaCK\rÇ<PR\4JNM>HAÅR¥¶PRDGJPR\r±½M>D¹µ#¢ICKfw¢[ JPR\4QIDGJ][ÌJ]H²sG\rµZJ]DGJ.P‰¯pPRCEW¾PRÇOWKJRÏ $ 6 % 698áïG698H %(*I% 4 %(* éÍï18Âï. inserm-00138528, version 1. · XZMÑ׿IDGMR¿VM>Dks^CEM>H<PRW<¢<Pp¼PRD4N%[ÌMhNIJ]WÚµ#C»s^¢ÌNIJWKP‰ºRJN*J]H²sGD4ºnù= rµ¹PR\Z¿VJ]D4±½M>D4[ÌJ]NÌs^M J]\4s^CE[×PÛs^JD4JW¾PÛs^CE¯RJ DGCE\G´²\ ÀÂL$LÃPpHINsGM$PRNÛÈ4QI\ksY±½MRDmfM‰¯pPRDGCKPps^J]\ÏY·F>J µZPR\ÍswPR´pJHPR\ms^¢IJ Ç<Pp\GCKf¹sGCK[ Jr\GfPRWKJrCEH¶sG¢IJ$PRH<PRW»ºh\GCK\]T†\GM:s^¢<PÛs s^¢IJ#DGCE\G´Mp±NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PM>D'·U PpsPF>C»¯>J]H PRFRJf]M>QIWEN•Ç@J.[ MhNIJWEWKJNÏZo<M>Drs^¢OJPRHIPRWEºh\GJ]\$µ Jf]M>HI\4CKNIJ]DGJN•M>HIW»º*\GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\±½DGJ]J.Mp± NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PPps¹J]H²sGD4º×CKH†s^MsG¢IJfMR¢IM>D4sÏܐHP¿ID4J]¯hCKM>QO\rPRH<PRW»ºh\GCK\4=ù ¹µZJMRÇI\GJ]D4¯>J]NsG¢<Pps sG¢IJ*¿IDGMR¿VM>Dks^CEM>H<PRW ¢<PR¼PpDGNI\¶PR\4\GQI[ ¿OsGCKM>HßµZPR\e¯nCEM>W¾PÛs^JNб½M>DeF>JHONIJD]T \4M µ Jafw¢IM>\4J sGMe¿VJ]D4±½M>D4[-P\ks^D^PÛs^CEÙIJNaPRH<PpWEºh\GCE\ÏóJù ×®r¢IJ[ÌPRCEH×DGCE\G´¶±áPRf]sGM>DG\rQOHINIJDZfM>HI\4CKNIJ]D^PpsGCKM>H µ JD4J*PRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ PR\PAg²Q<PpH²sGCEs^Pps^C»¯>J̯pPRD4C¾PRÇOWKJ¶M>DPp\PAÇICEH<PRDkºÎ¯pPRD4C¾PRÇOWKJeµ#CEsG¢s^¢IJ sG¢IDGJ]\G¢IM>WENMR±¹¥OÏ»£Ì[ F•¿@JD:WECEs^J]D:PRWKD4JPRNnº QI\GJ]NÊCKH ¿ID4J]¯hCKM>QO\\4sGQINICEJ\KT  L PRHON\GCEWKCEfP PR\PßÇICEH<PRD4ºë¯pPRDGCKPRÇIWKJ•µ#CEs^¢ £>£RÏã¤>ËÊ[ F²ÞpW¶À‚s^¢IJ [ JNICKPRHþCKH M>QOD\GPR[ ¿IWKJÃ×PR\*s^¢IJ f]QOs4i MR°!Ï,ÓÐJaPRNÛÈ4QO\4s^J]Nʱ½M>D¿@MRs^J]H†s^C¾PpW f]M>HO±½M>QIHONIJD4M\ A%J]NIQIfPÛs^CKMRH<PRWWKJ]¯RJW:À‚µ#CEsG¢Ê¯n\ µ#C»s^¢IM>QnsPÿ¿ODGCK[ÌPRDkº \4fw¢IMnMRWNOCK¿IWEM>[×P>ÃlTóùû•µ#CKHOJÎf]M>HI\4QI[Ì¿ns^CKMRH7À½HIM>Hni NIDGCEHI´RJ]DG\aM>D [ CKWEN×NID4CKHI´pJDG\r¯h\r[ MnNIJ]D^PpsGJM>Dr¢IJP¯hº%NIDGCEHI´RJ]DG\wÃäùüPpHINa¿IW¾PRf]JMR±YDGJ]\GCKNOJHIf]J×À½DGQIDGPRW ¯h\QIDGÇ<PpHÚÃlÏÌ·NÛÈ4QI\ks^[ JH†s±½M>D:Ç<PR\GJ]WKCEHIJ¶fM>F>HOCEs^C»¯>J¶\4s^Pps^QO\.[ JPR\4QIDGJ]Ndžºs^¢OJ%¡•CEHIC É.

(22) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. •¡ J]H†swPRWNhs^Pps^JPO!ÑOPR[ CKH<PpsGCKM>HßÀc¡,¡QRO Ã ù .\4fM>D4J\:µ¹PR\:NIMRHIJ¶CKH P*fM>[ ¿IWEJ[ JH†swPRDkº PRHIPRWEºh\GCE\Àc¡,¡SOëµZPR\P¯pPRCEW¾PRÇIWEJy±½M>D$¤hTÆɆËpÖ¶\4QIÇhÈ4J]f]s^\^ÃlÏ ÓÐJsG¢IJH/JuÑOPR[ÌCEHIJN(\GJ]¿<PRDGPps^J]WEºÿs^¢IJJ]°VJfls%MR±[ÌCEHIJDGPRW¹µZPps^J]DÌf]M>HI\GQO[Ì¿OsGCKM>H À½N<PRCKW»ºefMRHI\GQI[ ¿OsGCKM>H MR±Í[ CKHIJ]D^PRWIµZPpsGJD ¯h\¹HOMM>DMnf]fPR\4CKM>HIPRWÚfM>HI\4QI[ ¿Os^CEM>HÚÃlÏ5®r¢ICK\ CEHO±½M>DG[ÌPpsGCKM>H*µZPR\fMRWKWKJ]f]sGJN,M>HOWEº•PpssG¢IJeÄÛicº>JPRDy±½M>WEWKM‰µ¹iQO¿•¯hCK\4CEsÏ$®r¢IJ]DGJPÛ±‚s^JD]TmµZJ JuÑIPp[ÌCEHIJN s^¢IJ$\GQIÇhi\^Pp[Ì¿IWEJyMp±ÍHIM>Hni NIJ[ JH†sGJN%\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\¹µ#¢IMµZJ]DGJ¯hCE\GCEsGJN×Pps sG¢<Pps ±½M>WEWKM‰µ¹iQO¿mTPRHONµZJ*QO\GJNÿCEHIfCENIJH†sfPR\GJ]\eMR±#NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾PAÇ@J]sµ JJ]H(sG¢IJ*ÄÛicº>JPRDPRHON ÖÛicº>JPRD¹±½M>WKWEM‰µ¹iQI¿%¯hCK\4CEsG\Ï ,UTVWX. · [ M>HIFsG¢IJ:ÄOTÆÅ>Å>Å\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\rµ#¢IM¶CKHOCEs^CKPRWKW»º¶PRF>D4JJ]NasGMe¿<PRDks^CKf]CK¿<PÛs^JRTOÄOTÔɆÅ>˵ JD4J HIMRHniNIJ][ÌJ]H†s^JNPps s^¢IJÙIDG\4sr¯hCE\GCEsÏ®r¢IJ[ JPR\4QIDGJ][ÌJ]H†s^\rMR±ÍµZPps^J]D#PRHINaPRN È4QI\4sG[ÌJ]H²s f]M ¯pPRD4C¾PpsGJ\ µZJ]DGJÎP¯RPpCKW¾PpÇIWKJ*±½M>D×ÄOTÔÝ>¥O£,\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\aQIH<Pp°VJfls^J]N PÛs%s^¢IJACKHIC»s^C¾PpW¹¯nCE\GC»sÏ ·y[ÌM>HOFÿsG¢IJÊÄnTÔ݆¥n£Î\4QIÇhÈ4J]f]s^\]TÅp¥>ĸÀ¤R¥OÏÔÉ(¿@JD4fJ]H²swÃNICEN HOMRs¿<PRD4sGCKf]CK¿<PpsGJCKH s^¢IJ ±½M>WEWKM‰µ¹iQO¿.Ç@JfPRQI\GJ¹sG¢IJ]º.¢<PRNNICKJ]NÀáHÚâÄ>Ö>ÄnTO£>£>ÏÔÄy¿@JD4fJ]H²swÃlT>µ JD4JrWKM>\ks!s^M$±½M>WKWEM‰µ¹iQI¿ À½HÚâÝIT@¥OÏE£¿@JDGf]JH†suÃ#M>D$DGJ]±½QO\GJN•s^¢IJ:±½M>WKWEM‰µ¹iQI¿a¿ID4Mnf]JNIQID4J%À½HÚâÄO£‰ÉOT@ÕOÏÔĶ¿VJ]DGfJ]H†suÃlÏ ·¹sWKJPp\4syM>HIJfM>[ ¿IWKJls^J:±½M>WKWEM‰µ¹iQI¿J]¯pPRWEQ<Pps^CEM>Haµ¹PR\y¿VJ]D4±½M>D4[ÌJ]NACEH¤nTÔÉ>Õ>Ö¶\GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\ ÀÂÅRÕOÏÔĕ¿@JDGf]JH†suÃuÏ®r¢IJ*¿@JDGf]JH†swPpF>J%MR±#NIJPps^¢O\ÇVJl±½M>DGJÌs^¢IJÌCKH†¯>J]\4s^CEF†PpsGCKM>HÊÇ@J]sµ JJ]H JuÑO¿@M>\4JNPpHINHIMRHniJuÑO¿@M>\4JN.sGM$PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ \GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\rÀ䣉ÄOÏÔÕ#¿@JD4fJ]H²s5¯h\ £>£RÏ㤹¿@JDGf]JH†sT Å.

(23) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. ¿Úâ¥OÏóݲ¤>öµZJ]DGJ HIMRsa\4CKF>HIC»Ù<fPpH²sGWEº(NIC»°J]DGJH†sñ.HIMRD%DGJl±½QI\^PRWE\ÎÀk£ ¤hÏãÅ¿@JD4fJH†sa¯h\ÕOÏÆÄ ¿@JD4fJH†sT@¿<â:¥nÏã¤>ÅRÃlÏ ·¹s#Ç<PR\4JWECKHIJpT<ÕO£¿@JDGf]JH†syMR±s^¢IJCEHINICE¯hCENIQ<PRWE\Z¢<PRNa\kswPº>J]NA[ M>DGJsG¢<PRH £‰¥ºRJPRD4\ CEH×s^¢IJ\^PR[ J¿<PpDGCK\4¢mTIPpHIN×s^¢OJ[ÌJPRH%WEJHIFRsG¢%MR±D4J\GCENIJHOfJCKHÌs^¢IJ\GPR[ J¿<PRD4CK\4¢%µ¹PR\ ÝI£ º>JPRDG\]Ï,UQID4CKHIFas^¢IJ×ÖÛi ºRJPRD:±½M>WEWKM‰µ¹iQI¿ÎMR±¹sG¢IJ\4J%\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\T ¤>Ëpĕ\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\µ JD4J NICKPRF>HIMR\GJN(µ#CEsG¢ëNIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PÐPRHIN £‰Ö†¤(ÀcÅ>¤nÏÔ¥ ¿VJ]DGfJ]H†suöµ JD4J,fWKPR\G\4CEÙ<J]N/PR\ ¢<P¯hCKHIF ·yWK¼¢OJCK[ JD]òÔ\rNOCK\GJPR\GJ×Àá¿ODGM>Ç<PpÇIWKJ:M>Dr¿@M>\G\4CKÇIWEJ‰ÃuÏ ®r¢IJCKHOfCKNOJHIf]JDGPps^J±½M>D$PRWEWmfPpQI\GJ]\ MR±NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾P*PpHIN·WE¼¢IJ]CK[ JDòó\NICE\GJPR\GJµZPR\J\ks^CE[×PpsGJN PR\e£RÏÆÉ>ÕÌ¿VJ]De£‰¥>¥×¿@JD4\GM>Hni ºRJPRD4\PRHONΣRÏã¤>¤¿@JD:£‰¥>¥e¿@JD4\GM>Hnicº>JPRDG\]T@D4J\4¿VJ]f]s^C»¯>J]WEº>Ï ·WEQI[ CKH²QI[ØWKJl¯>JWE\rCKH%µZPps^J]D#\GQI¿I¿OWKCKJ]\¹D^PpHIF>JN*±½D4M>[-¥nÏÆ¥>¥n£s^M ¥OÏóݲËRÕ[ F²ÞpW@µ#CEs^¢ P[ JNICKPRH¯pPRWKQIJZMR±m¥nÏÆ¥>¥RÕ[ÌF²ÞÛWcT>PpHIN×ÉRÄ\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\µ JD4JyJuÑO¿@M>\4JNÌsGM[ÌMRDGJ¹s^¢IPRH ¥OÏE£ [ F²ÞpWÂIÏ nCKWECKfPWKJl¯>JWE\#CKH*µ¹PÛs^JD$D^PpHIF>JNa±½DGMR[ÝIÏƤsGM%¤R¤nÏÔݶ[ F²ÞpWPRHINaµZJ]DGJCEH†¯>JD4\GJ]WEº D4JW¾PÛs^JNs^M×PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ f]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>HI\T@ÇIQOsys^¢ICE\HIJ]F†PpsGCE¯>J.fM>D4DGJ]W¾PpsGCKM>Haµ¹Pp\yµ JPR´ CEHMRQIDr\4sGQINOºÐYÀ h¿VJPRDG[ÌPRHaD^PRHO´%fM>D4DGJ]W¾PpsGCKM>H%f]Mn[J Z fCKJ]H†s$i¥OÏE£ÖO]T \%â S¥ ^»£‰Ä†ÃuÏ ®r¢IJaDGJ]\GQIW»s^\eMR±#sG¢IJaPRH<PRW»ºh\GJ\•À‚swPRÇIWEJ,£ Ã.\4QIF>F>J]\4s¶s^¢IPpss^¢OJ*DGCK\4´MR±$NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾P µZPR\r¢ICEF>¢IJD±½M>DZ\4QIÇhÈ4J]f]s^\#WECE¯hCKHIF.CKH%¿IPRDGCE\G¢IJ]\Zµ#¢IJD4Js^¢IJ[ÌJPRHaPRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ fM>HIf]JHni sGD^PpsGCKM>HI\JlÑnf]JJNOJNë¥OÏE£Ì[ÌF†ÞpW s^¢<PRHб½M>D.sG¢IM>\GJÌWKC»¯nCEHIFCKHÊPpDGJPp\µ#¢IJD4J%fMRHIfJ]H²sGD^PÛi sGCKM>HI\yµZJ]DGJ¶WKJ]\G\s^¢IPRHÎ¥OÏE£e[ F²ÞpW¹ÀÂL$L HIMRHni¿<PpD^PR[ J]sGDGCKfPRWKW»ºPRNÛÈ4QI\ks^J]Nα½M>DPRF>JePRHON F>J]HINIJ]D¶¤nÏÔÄ>ÄO&T \_ S¥ ^Ô¥>¥O£>T5[ÌMhNIJW$£ ÃuÏXZM>H†¯>J]DG\4JWEºRT ¢OCKF>¢IJ]D\4CKWKCEfPafM>HOfJH†sGD^PpsGCKM>HI\ Ö.

(24) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. äÀ å?£R£>Ïã¤RË[ F²ÞpW‚Ãyµ JD4J*PR\4\GMhfC¾PÛs^JNε#CEsG¢ÊP•D4JNIQOfJNDGCK\4´ MR±rNIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾PÐÀÂL$L HIM>Hni ¿<PpD^PR[ J]sGDGCKfPRWKW»ºÌPRNÛÈ4QI\ks^JN±½M>D#PRF>JPRHON•F>J]HINIJ]D¥OÏÆÅn£>T]\*â ¥S^Ô¥>¥†ÅhTI[ÌMhNIJ]W¤>ÃlÏ'·$±‚s^JD PRNONICEsGCKM>H<PpW5PpNÛÈ4QI\4sG[ÌJ]H†s±½M>DJ]NIQIfPps^CEM>H<PRWYWKJl¯>JWÂTVµ#CEHIJfMRHI\GQI[ ¿OsGCKM>HPpHIN¿IW¾PpfJMp± D4J\GCENIJHOfJRTPRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[PRHINA\GCKWECKfP¶f]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>HI\$DGJ[ÌPRCEHIJNAPR\G\4Mnf]C¾PpsGJN•µ#C»s^¢•NIJli [ JH†s^CKPÿÀÂL$L³±½M>DPRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ ¤nÏÔ¥>ÄO`T \/âÒS¥ ^Æ¥R¥>ÉOñ¹L$L³±½MRDe\GCKWECKfPA¥OÏÆÅ>Ën`T \ âS¥ ^Æ¥>¤RÄOT [ MnNOJWÄ†ÃlÏ*®r¢OJDGJ̵¹PR\.HIM,\4CKF>HIC»Ù<fPpH²sCEH²sGJDGPRf]sGCKM>HÐÇVJlsµZJ]JHÿPRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[æPRHINÐ\GCEW»i CEfPÌf]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>HI\¶À½WKCK´pJWECK¢IMhMnNaDGPps^CEMÌs^J]\4s:¥nÏãÅ>¤hRT \Aâ S¥ ^ó݆ֆÃuÏL#J\GQOWEs^\yMR±'[ MnNIJ]W!Ä µ JD4J.HIMps#\GCKFRHICEÙ<fPRH†s^W»º×fw¢<PpHIF>JNAPp±‚s^J]D#PRNÛÈ4QI\ks^[ JH†s#±½M>DrÇ<PR\4JWECKHIJ¡,¡ SO ÀÂL$L ±½M>D PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ ¤hÏÆ¥>ÖnaT \•â S¥ ^Ô¥>¥†ËhñVL$L ±½M>D$\GCKWECKfP ¥nÏãÅpÝOaT \aâøS¥ ^Ô¥O£ ÅRÃlϹ®r¢IJ.¿<_ WEJ]¯RJWµ¹PR\ HIMpsZPp\G\GMhfCKPps^J]N µ#C»s^¢ NIJ[ JH†sGC¾PPRHINÌsG¢IJ#CKH†s^J]D^PRfls^CEM>HÌÇ@J]sµ JJ]H*PRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[ PRHONÌ¿<_ µZPR\#HIMRs$\GCEF>HIC»Ù<fPRH†sÏ ®r¢IJeM>ÇO\GJDk¯pPps^CEM>HI\PRD4J\GQO[Ì[ÌPRDGCE¼J]N,CKHAs^PRÇIWEJe¤nÏ:·W»s^¢IMRQIF>¢,M>HOWEºAÉ>Ä×JlÑn¿@M>\GJ]N \4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\WECE¯hCKHOF*CKHÎݕ¿<PpDGCK\4¢IJ\:µ JDGJ̱½M>WKWEM µ JN QI¿Pps.WKJPp\4sM>HIf]JRT5sG¢IJ HhQO[ÇVJ]D.Mp± M>ÇO\GJDk¯>J]N(fPR\GJ]\µZPR\[QIfw¢F>DGJPps^J]D.s^¢IPRHs^¢OJ×H²QI[Ç@JD.MR±rJlÑn¿@Jfls^JNÿfPR\GJ]\Ï,®r¢IJ JuÑO¿@Jfls^J]NÊH²QI[Ç@JDMR±¹fPR\GJ]\.QI\4CKHIFas^¢OJ%XZMÑÎ[ MnNIJ]W Jù µ¹Pp\.f]M>[Ì¿OQOs^J]NÐs^MÇ@JÌÖnÏãÅn£ µ#¢ICEWKJ£‰Å¶fPR\GJ]\$µ JD4JMRÇI\GJ]D4¯>J]NmÏ ·HIPRWEºh\GJ]\D4J\4sGDGCEf]s^J]NAs^MÌfPR\4J\f]W¾PR\4\GC»Ù<JNAPR\·yWK¼¢OJCK[ JD]òÔ\$UCE\GJPp\GJ*À䣉ֆ¤efPR\4J\^à PRWE\GMe\4¢IM‰µZJ]NPeNIJWEJ]s^J]DGCEM>QI\#J]°VJflsyMp±!¢ICEF>¢PRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ f]M>HIfJ]H†s^D^PÛs^CKMRHI\$PRHIN•P¶¿ODGMpi sGJf]sGCE¯RJJ]°VJflsrMR±¢ICEF>¢%\GCEWKCEfP.f]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>HI\¹M>HÌs^¢IJD4CK\4´ Mp±·U³À½s^PRÇIWKJyĆÃuÏ ®r¢IJ\4J Õ.

(25) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. lJ °J]f]s^\µ JD4JeHIMRs\GCKFRHICEÙ<fPRH†s±½M>DyMRs^¢OJDsºh¿@J\MR±NIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾PÀÂÅn£fPR\GJ]\wÃlTPpWEs^¢OM>QIF>¢ sG¢IJD4JW¾PÛs^CE¯RJyD4CK\4´h\µZJ]DGJMp±ms^¢IJy\^PR[ J$M>DGNIJ]DÏ ®r¢ICE\ [ÌPº ÇVJyJlÑn¿IW¾PpCKHIJ]N×džºÌPW¾PRfw´eMp± ¿@M‰µZJ]D$CEH*s^¢IJ:W¾PÛsGs^J]D#PRH<PRW»ºh\GCK\]Ï ÜHO±½M>D4[×PÛs^CKMRH PRÇVMRQOsa[ÌCEHIJDGPRWyµZPpsGJDfM>HI\4QI[ ¿Os^CEM>Hþµ¹PR\af]M>WKWEJf]sGJNþ±½M>D£>TÔÉ>Ä>Ö HIMRHniNIJ][ÌJ]H†s^JN×\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\r\GJJ]HaPpss^¢IJÄÛi ºRJPRD±½M>WKWEM µ¹i QI¿ÌPRHIṈ½MRD µ#¢IM>[Øf]M ¯pPRD4C¾PpsGJ\ µ JD4JP¯RPpCKW¾PpÇIWKJpñ<£‰¥†Ë\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\rNIJ]¯RJWKMR¿VJ]N%NIJ[ JH†sGC¾P%À½CKHIf]WKQINOCKHIFÖ>Ö·U¸fPR\GJ]\wàÇ@Jli sµ JJ]HsG¢IJ:ÄÛi ºRJPRD#PpHIN*s^¢IJ:ÖÛicº>JPRD¹±½M>WKWEM‰µ¹iQI¿mÏ5ܐH*s^¢ICE\¹\GQIÇhi\^Pp[Ì¿IWEJRTIÝ>Ö¿VJ]DGfJ]H†syMp± sG¢IJ.\4QIÇhÈ4J]f]s^\µ JD4Jf]W¾PR\4\GCEÙIJN,Pp\yN<PpCKWEº%NIDGCEHI´RJ]DG\Mp± [ÌCEHIJDGPRWµZPps^J]DÏ#®r¢IJPRH<PRW»ºn\4CK\ MR±Vs^¢ICE\ \4QIÇI\GPR[Ì¿OWKJRTnPRNÛÈ4QO\4s^J]N×±½M>DJNIQOfPpsGCKM>H<PpW<WKJ]¯RJWÂThµ#CEHIJyf]M>HI\4QI[Ì¿ns^CKMRHmT²¿IW¾PRf]JyMp± D4J\GCENIJHOfJÌPRHIN \GCEWKCKfP׺hCKJWENIJNÎPaDGJ]W¾PpsGCE¯>JDGCK\4´,MR±¹¤nÏÔÖ>ÕÎÀÂՆË%¿@JDGf]JH†sXZÜ£>ÏÆËn£]iäËnÏãËR¤nT \b_ S¥ ^Ô¥>¥O£ Ãy±½M>D:PpWKQI[ CKH²QI[1å S¥ ^»1£ cedSfhgÏe®r¢ICE\D4JWKPps^C»¯>JD4CK\G´ADGJPpfw¢IJNÄOÏÆÄRÉÐÀä£>ÏÆÅpÝpi ÉOÏó݆ÕO]T \Q_þS¥ ^Ô¥>¥O£‰Ã#PÛ±‚s^JD#PpNÛÈ4QI\4sG[ÌJ]H†sy±½M>Dr[ CKHOJD^PpWµ¹PÛs^JD$fMRHI\GQI[ ¿OsGCKM>Hmϝ®r¢ICE\$[ÌPº Ç@J×Ç@JfPRQI\GJ*[ M>\ksMR±rsG¢IJ×JuÑn¿VM>\4JNÿ\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\ÀÂÉRÕA¿VJ]DGf]JH†suÃ.NOD^PRHI´Î\GMR[ÌJÌ[ÌCEHIJDGPRW µZPps^J]D.NIPRCKW»º,¯>J]DG\GQO\M>HIW»º ݲÅa¿@JD4fJ]H²sCKHÐHIM>Hni JlÑn¿VMR\GJN\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\Ï®r¢IJD4J̵ZPR\HIM Jl¯nCENIJHOfJaMR±P \4CKF>HOCEÙ<fPRH†seCKH†s^J]D^PRfls^CEM>HßÇVJlsµZJ]JH PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[àPRHINÿ[ CKHIJ]D^PRWµ¹PÛs^JD f]M>HI\GQO[Ì¿OsGCKM>HÏ ÜHësG¢ICK\¶\4QIÇniäPpH<PRWEºh\4CK\TZPp±‚s^J]D×PpNÛÈ4QI\4sG[ÌJ]H†s̱½M>D¶J]NIQIfPÛs^CKMRH<PRWrWKJl¯>J]WcT µ#CEHIJAf]M>HI\GQO[Ì¿OsGCKM>HT$¿OW¾PRf]JAMR±:D4J\GCENIJHOfJ PRHIN PpWKQI[ CKH²QI[T sG¢IJ,DGJ]W¾PpsGCE¯RJADGCE\G´ß±½M>D \4CKWKCEfP*µ¹Pp\eJ\4sGCK[ÌPps^J]Ns^MAÇVJ*¥nÏÆÉO£ÀÂ¥OÏóÝI£]i¥OÏÆÕn£>7T \ëâ?S¥ ^Æ¥n£‰É†Ãlϕ®r¢IJ*J]°VJfls¶MR±#\GCEWKCEfP µZPR\#HIMRs$fw¢<PRHOF>JNAPp±‚s^J]D#PRNÛÈ4QI\ks^[ JH†s#±½M>Dr[ÌCEHIJDGPRWµZPps^J]D#fM>HI\4QI[ ¿Os^CEM>HÐÀÂL$L ¥OÏÔÉO£>T £‰¥.

(26) ¥OÏóÝI£]i¥OÏÔÕO£>T]\×⸥R^Æ¥O£ɆÃlÏ HAL author manuscript. iSkjlTmkUSn. inserm-00138528, version 1. Ü Hs^¢ICE\\4sGQINOºRTY¢OCKF>¢ PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[÷WKJl¯>JWE\CKH,NODGCKHO´hCEHIF%µZPps^J]D Àkåy¥OÏE£¶[ F²ÞpW¾Ãrµ JD4J PR\4\GMhfCKPps^J]N×µ#CEsG¢aPRH*JWEJ]¯pPps^J]N*DGCE\G´¶MR±YNIJ[ JH†sGC¾PPRHON*·UÏh®r¢ICK\¹D4J\4QIWEs¹µZPR\r¢ICEF>¢IW»º \4CKF>HIC»Ù<fPpH²sNIJ\4¿ICEsGJasG¢IJaWKM‰µ HhQO[ÇVJ]DeMR±y\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\×JlÑn¿@M>\GJ]N(sGM \GQIfw¢ëWKJ]¯RJWE\ÏßܐHni ¯RJDG\4JW»º>T<¢ICEF>¢%\GCEWKCEfP.WEJ]¯RJWK\Àkå £>£RÏã¤>Ë[ÌF²ÞÛW‚õZJ]DGJ:PR\4\GMhfC¾PÛs^JN%µ#C»s^¢aPWEM µ JDZDGCK\4´ÌMp± NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾P¶PRHON·UÏ ÜH\GJ]¿<PRDGPps^CEHIF%PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ fMRHIfJ]H²sGD^PpsGCKM>HO\CKH†s^MÌÝ%fWKPR\G\4J\]TmHIM×sGJHINIJ]HIf]º•±½M>DP NIMR\GJli DGJ]\G¿@M>HI\GJ*Jl°J]f]s±½MRDPRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[Òµ¹Pp\ePR¿I¿<PpDGJH†sTJl¯>J]HÿsG¢IM>QIFR¢ßPA\GCEF>HIC»Ù<fPRH†s WECKHIJPRD¹DGJ]W¾PpsGCKM>HO\G¢ICE¿*ÇVJlsµZJ]JHPRWEQI[ CKH²QI[PpHIN•NOJ[ JH†s^CKPeµZPR\$M>ÇOs^PRCKHIJ]NÊÀáPRNÛÈ4QI\ks^J]N L$L £>ÏÔı½M>DrPRHaCEHIfD4JPR\4JMR±¥nÏE£:[ F²ÞpWc9T \×â¸S¥ ^Ô¥O£ ÃuÏ _yM‰µ J]¯>J]DTÚs^¢IJ[ MhNIJW@µ#CEs^¢PRWEQni [ CKH²QI[øCKHesµ Mf]W¾PR\4\GJ]\À‚swPRÇIWEJ£ Ã5µZPR\'\GWECKF>¢†s^W»ºÇVJlsGs^J]D s^¢<PRHesG¢<Pps µ#¢IJ]DGJ$PRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ µZPR\$P f]M>H†s^CEHhQOM>QI\r¯pPRDGCKPRÇIWKJeÀá·´ÛPRCE´RJf]DGCEsGJD4CKM>oH A ¤>Ån£‰ÕOÏÔÕ¯h\¤RÅ>¤n£>ÏÔ¥†ÃlÏ nQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\µ#¢IM,D4J]±½QI\4J×s^M•¿<PRD4sGCKf]CK¿<PpsGJÌCEHÐsG¢IJ̱½M>WEWKM‰µ¹iQO¿ÐM>D.NICKJÌPRD4J׿ID4M>Ç<PRÇIW»º [ M>DGJrWECK´pJWEºs^M:Ç@J#NIJ[ JH†s^J]NmÏ Ü ±sG¢IJ#¿<PRDks^CKf]CK¿<PÛs^CKMRHMR±@s^¢IJ]\GJ$\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\ µ JDGJ$NIC»°J]Dki J]H²s CKH¶s^¢OJyJuÑO¿@M>\4JN*PRHON×HIM>HhiJlÑn¿@M>\GJ]N%F>D4M>QI¿mT†s^¢OCK\'fM>QOWKN׿ODGMhNIQIfJyPRH pGPps4s^DGC»s^CEM>rH q ÇICKPR\Ï5ܐHs^¢IJr¿ODGJ\4JH†s\4sGQINOº>T>sG¢IJr¿@JDGf]JH†swPpF>J\'MR±@NIJPps^¢I\ MRDDGJl±½QI\^PRWE\Ç@J]±½M>D4JZs^¢IJrCEHni ¯RJ\4sGCKF†PÛs^CKMRHµZJ]DGJ$¢ICKF>¢OJD±½M>DJuÑn¿VM>\4JNÌ\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\ s^MPRWEQI[ CKH²QI[TpÇIQnssG¢ICK\ NOCE°VJDGJ]HIfJ £>£.

(27) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. µZPR\#HIMRs$\GCEF>HIC»Ù<fPRH†sTOµ#¢ICKfw¢[ÌPR´RJ]\$\4QIfw¢,PeÇICKPR\rQIHIWECK´pJWEºRÏ ÜHÊs^¢OJ׿ID4J\GJ]H†s¶\4s^QONOºC»sCE\HIMpss^MAÇVJÌJlÑnfWEQINIJNÊsG¢<PpsDGJWKPps^C»¯>J DGCE\G´²\fPpHÊÇVJ \ks^DGMRHIF>WEº:CEHO±½QIJ]HIfJ]Ndžº.\4JWEJf]sGCKM>H.J]°VJfls^\!MR¿VJ]D^PpsGCKHIF$CKHs^¢IJ¿VMR¿IQIW¾PÛs^CKMRHmÏ·ëH²QI[Ç@JD MR±¹NICE°VJD4JHIf]J\Ç@J]sµ JJ]HßCKHINIC»¯hCKNIQ<PpWK\:[×Pº Ç@J×QIHOM>ÇI\GJ]D4¯RJNmT'WKCE´RJ F>JHOJ]s^CEfÌNOCK\G¿@M>\4C»i sGCKM>HmTJH†¯hCKD4M>HI[ JH†swPpW#±áPpf]s^MRDG\¶µ#¢ICKfw¢/CEH F QIJ]HIfJas^¢OJAJ]¯RJH†sÏ ®r¢ICE\Ì¢OJ]s^J]DGM>FRJHIJ]CEsº fPRH/CKHONIQIfJA\GJWEJfls^CKMRH/J]°VJfls^\%CEH s^¢IJA¿VM>¿OQIW¾PpsGCKM>HTZÇ@JfPpQI\GJCEHINICE¯hCENIQ<PRWE\¶µ#C»s^¢þP ¢ICEF>¢ÎDGCK\4´ÚTYsG¢IJÌ[ M>\ks.±½DGPRCKWÂTmµ#CKWKW!JlÑn¿VJ]DGCEJHIf]JÌs^¢OJ×J]¯RJH†sJPRDGW»º>TYWKJP‰¯hCEHIFAP\GJ]WKJfls^J]N ¿@M>¿IQIWKPps^CEM>HPps:D4CK\4´@TÍWEJ\4\±½D^PRCEW5s^¢IPRHs^¢IJ¶M>D4CKF>CEH<PRWY¿VM>¿OQIW¾PpsGCKM>HÏ.· HIJlµ PR¿O¿IDGM†Ppfw¢ µ M>QIWEN¨Ç@J,s^MÿPpH<PRWEºh¼]J,s^¢IJN<PÛswPʵ#CEsG¢ Pÿf]M>DGD4JWKPps^J]Nni ±½DGPRCKW»sºÿ[ÌMhNIJWÂTÔ=ù .ACKH/µ#¢ICEfw¢ CEHINICE¯hCENIQ<PRW@±½D^PRCEWEs^CEJ\ZPRDGJCEH²sGDGMhNIQIf]JRTÚPR\#D^PpHINIM>[-¯pPRD4C¾PRÇOWKJ\]Ï ®r¢IJrÁ5PRg²QICKNe\4QID4¯RJ]ºNIJ\4CKF>HCEHIfMRDG¿@M>D^PpsGJ\!PF>DGMRQI¿ICKHOFMR±IsG¢IJ¹¿<PpD4s^CEfCE¿<PRH†s^\YCKH†s^M ¿<PpDGCK\4¢IJ\]T PRHINÐs^¢ICE\[ÌP‰ºÎCEHINIQIf]J*P•f]M>DGD4JW¾PÛs^CKMRHMR±¹sG¢IJ%M>ÇO\GJDk¯pPps^CEM>HI\Ï•Ü sCE\.s^¢²QI\ HIMpss^MÇ@J%JuÑOf]WKQINOJNßs^¢<PÛs\GMR[ÌJ%QOHI[ÌJPR\GQODGJNÿJ]H²¯hCEDGM>HI[ JH†s^PRW ±áPRfls^M>D.\G¢<PpDGJNÿdžº sG¢IJ:[ÌJ][ÇVJ]DG\rMR±Ys^¢OJ\GPR[ J¿IPRDGCE\G¢afM>QOWKNa¿IW¾Pº%P f]M>HO±½M>QIHONICKHIF¶D4M>WKJpÏ ÓÐJ*PRNÛÈ4QI\ks^J]Nÿ±½MRDÇ<PR\4JWECKHIJÌfM>F>HOCEs^C»¯>JÌ\4swPÛs^QI\]T'µ#¢OCKfw¢ßCK\¢ICKF>¢OWEº ¿ID4JNICEf]s^C»¯>J%Mp± NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾P:PRHONÌ·Uφ®r¢ICK\'[ JPR\4QIDGJ][ÌJ]H²sMR±F>WKMRÇ<PRWOf]M>F>HIC»s^C»¯>J¹±½QIHIfls^CEM>HICKHOF:µZPR\HIMRs PefMRHO±½M>QIHINOCKHIFe±áPRfls^M>D]Ï ÜHsG¢IJ¹PRHIPRWEºh\GJ]\5µ JZf]M>HI\GCENIJD4JN¶PR\YJlÑn¿@M>\GJ]N¶PRWKW†sG¢IJZ\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\WECE¯hCKHOF$CEH¿<PpDGCK\4¢IJ\ µ#C»s^¢ ¢ICKF>¢ WKJl¯>J]WK\MR±PRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[•Ï·yH*PRWEsGJD4H<Pps^C»¯>JrµZPR\sGMf]M>HI\GCENIJD\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\¹NID4CKHI´>i £¤.

(28) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. CEHIFN<PRCEWEº[ CKHIJ]D^PRW²µ¹PÛs^JD'Pp\HIM>Hni JlÑn¿@M>\GJ]NmñhsG¢IJrJ]°VJfls'MR±VPRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ \4s^CEWKWhDGJ][×PRCEHIJN QIHOfw¢<PRHIF>J]N¨PRHINþµ¹Pp\*\4s^CEWKW#\GCEF>HIC»Ù<fPRH†sGWEºëPR\G\4Mnf]C¾PpsGJN/µ#C»s^¢þNIJ][ÌJ]H²sGC¾P ÀáLyL?ÄOÏÔÄO£>T ¿Úâ¥OÏÔ¥RݲÃuÏ nJl¯>JDGPRWCKH†¯>J]\4sGCKF†PpsGM>DG\r¢IP‰¯RJ.NOJ\Gf]DGCEÇVJ]NsG¢<Ppsrs^¢OJ¿I_ Mp±!NID4CKHI´²CEHIFµ¹PÛs^JD#f]M>QIWKN Pp°VJflss^¢IJ¶\4M>WKQIÇOCKWKC»sºMR±¹PpWKQI[ CKHICEQI[eifMR[Ì¿@M>HIJ]H²sG\ñó=ù :CEsCE\¿IW¾PRQO\GCKÇOWKJsG¢<Ppss^¢OJ ÇOC»i M>WEM>F>CEfPRWP¯pPRCKWKPRÇICEWKCEsº×MR± PRWKQO[ÌCEHICKQI[-CK\¢OCKF>¢IJ]D±½M>DyWKM‰µ s^¢<PpH,±½M>D¢ICEF>¢,¿<_TVµ#¢ICEfw¢ [ JPRHO\'sG¢<Pps¢ICEF>¢Ì¿I_ µ M>QIWENÌÇ@JPp\G\GMhfCKPps^J]N µ#C»s^¢ WKM‰µ/f]M>HIf]JH†s^DGPps^CEM>HI\MR±mÇICEM†P¯pPRCKW i PRÇOWKJrPRWEQI[ CKHICEQI[•Ï®r¢IJ\4JyD4J\GQOWEs^\5µZJ]DGJ#HIMRs f]M>HOÙ<D4[ÌJ]N¶CKHeM>QID!\4s^QONOº@ñnHIJl¯>J]D4s^¢OJWKJ]\G\]T Õ>ÖnÏãtÅ sØMR±Ys^¢IJ:[ JPR\4QIDGJ]\$Mp±¿<_¸µ JD4J.¢ICEF>¢IJ]D¹s^¢<PRHAÅaÀáDGPRHIF>]J A ÉnÏÆÄO£liäÖOÏóÝ>ݲÃuÏ nQIDk±áPRfJ#µZPps^J]DG\ÀáW¾Pp´RJ\M>D'DGC»¯>J]DG\wÃ'PRD4J$Mp±‚s^JH¶s^D4JPpsGJN µ#CEs^¢ÌPRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[ \4QIWK¿O¢<Pps^J sGMCEHINIQIf]J F Mnf]QIW¾PÛs^CKMRH¶PRHIN DGJ[ M‰¯>J#M>D4F†PRHICEf#PRHIN MRs^¢IJ]D'fM>H†swPp[ÌCEH<PRH†s^\]Ï!ܐHINIJ]JNmThCKH sG¢IJy¿IPRDGCE\G¢IJ]\ZCKH¶s^¢OCK\\4s^QONOº>Ths^¢IJ$[ÌJ]NIC¾PpHÌMR±ÍPRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ fM>HOfJH†sGD^PpsGCKM>H µ¹PR\ ¢ICKFR¢IJD CEH\4QID4±áPpfJµ¹PÛs^JD4\yf]M>[ ¿<PRDGJ]N*µ#CEs^¢aQIHONIJD4F>DGM>QOHIN•µZPps^J]DG\ÀÂ¥OÏÔ¥†¤Rįh\y¥OÏÔ¥>¥>Ée[ÌF†ÞpW‚ÃuÏ _$M µ J]¯RJD]THIMÌJWKJl¯pPps^J]NACKHOfCKNOJHIf]J.MR±!NIJ[ JH†sGC¾P µZPR\$±½M>QIHINa±½M>D$\GQIÇhÈ4J]f]sG\WKC»¯nCEHIFeCKH PRD4JPR\#\4QI¿I¿IWECKJNadžº*\4QID4±áPRf]JµZPpsGJDG\]Ï nCEF>HICEÙIfPRH†syPR[ M>QIH†s^\#MR±PRWKQI[ CKHOCKQI[³[×PºaPpWK\GM Ç@J.\4QI¿I¿IWECKJNa±½DGMR[ PRWKQO[ÌCEHICKQI[ f]MnM>´²CEHIFÐQO\4s^J]HI\GCEWK\]Ï/ÓJ•¿VJ]D4±½M>D4[ÌJ]N PRH PRNINIC»s^CEM>H<PRWrPpH<PRWEºh\4CK\ CKHIf]WKQINICEHIFs^¢IJ•QI\GJ MR±PpWKQI[ CKHICEQI[f]MnM>´†µZPRDGJ¶Pp\PRHJlÑn¿IWKPRH<PpsGM>D4º¯pPRDGCKPRÇIWEJRT@ÇIQOsHIM*CEH F QIJ]HIfJM>H,s^¢IJ D4CK\G´ MR±NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PʵZPR\M>ÇI\GJ]D4¯RJN³ÀÂ_yL £>ÏÔ¥RÝIT¿<â:¥nÏÆÖ>ÉnTDGJ]\GQIW»s^\aÇ<PR\4JN¸MRH £>TÆËRÖ>É £‰Ä.

(29) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. ¿<PpD4s^CEfCE¿<PRH†s^\¹µ#¢IM ¢<PRNPRHO\4µ JDGJ]NAs^¢OCK\rg²QIJ\ks^CEM>HAPÛsrs^¢IJÄÛicº>JPpD#±½MRWKWKM‰µ¹i QI¿ÚÃlÏ u QIDeDGJ]\GQIW»s^\ef]M>HOÙ<D4[ s^¢IJ*\4CKF>HOCEÙ<fPRH†s¶PR\G\4Mnf]C¾PpsGCKM>HMR±·Uµ#CEs^¢ÿJuÑO¿@M>\4QIDGJ*s^M PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ ¿ID4J]¯hCKMRQI\GW»ºëD4J¿@M>D4sGJNþCEH J¿OCKNIJ][ÌCEM>WKM>FRCKfPpWZ\4sGQINICEJ\Ï  Lv?yJl¯>J]D4s^¢OJWKJ]\G\]T sµ M DGJf]JH†s \4sGQINICKJ]\±áPRCKWEJNsGM,Ù<HIN(P,DGJ]W¾PpsGCKM>HO\G¢ICE¿µ#CEsG¢ÿPRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ CEHßNIDGCEHI´²CKHIF µZPps^J]DÏõ ô

(30) ¾ôáû ®r¢IJA\ks^QINnº MR±o<M>D4\4sGJDl ô %¢<PRNþP[ MhNIJ\ks×\kswPpsGCK\4sGCKfPRW#¿VM‰µ JD̵#C»s^¢þP \4[×PRWEW¹H²QI[Ç@JDÌMR±\4QIÇhÈ4Jfls^\ À䣉¥>Õ fPR\4J\*PpHIN¸£‰¥RÕÎf]M>H†s^DGMRWK\wÃuÏþo<QID4sG¢IJD4[ÌMRDGJRTs^¢IJ CEHIfM>HO\GCK\ks^J]HIf]º(MR±MRQIDÌD4J\4QIWEsG\̵#CEsG¢ësG¢IM>\GJ•MR±:o<M>D4\4s^J]D ô MRD%¡APpD4sºhH ôáû [ CKF>¢†s ÇVJ JuÑO¿OW¾PRCEHIJNßdžºsG¢IJ%±áPRflss^¢<PÛss^¢IJ]CKD\ks^QINOCKJ\JlÑOPR[ CKHIJ]Nʺ>M>QIHOF>JD¶\GQOÇhÈ4Jfls^\•ÀáÝ†Ä ikÅ>Ë ºRJPRD4\wÃs^¢<PRHÿCEHÿsG¢IJÁ!PRg²QICENëf]M>¢IM>DksT\GM s^¢IJlºÿJlÑOPR[ CKHIJ]Nÿ¿IDGJ]\GJHOCKWKJaDGPps^¢IJ]Des^¢<PRH \4JHICEWKJNIJ[ JH†s^CKP Mp± ·WE¼¢IJ]CK[ JDrsºh¿VJpÏ$·y\\4QIF>F>J]\4s^J]Ndžº•®5PºhWKM>D]KT =C»s$CK\$¿IW¾PRQO\GCKÇOWKJ sG¢<Pps:s^¢IJ]DGJ CK\:PRHÎCKHOfDGJPR\GJ CKHÎPRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ÒPpÇI\GM>D4¿Os^CEM>Hµ#CEsG¢PRFRJRT\GMs^¢IJ¶J]°VJflsMp± PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[ [ÌPº:ÇVJ W¾PRD4F>JD5Pp±‚s^J]DÅRË#º>JPRDG\5s^¢<PRHÇVJl±½M>DGJpÏ ¡•M>D4JM‰¯>J]DT†F>J]HIJ]sGCKf±áPRf]sGM>DG\ PRD4J[ÌMRDGJCKH F QIJH†sGC¾PRWmCEH*s^¢IJ:J]sGCKM>WEM>FRºÌMR±5¿IDGJ]\GJHOCKWKJNOJ[ JH†s^CKPOÏ wy\4CKHIF s^¢IJ]M>DGJls^CEfPRWYfw¢IJ[ CK\ks^DkºAPpHINAÇICEM>WKMRF>CKfPRWmJlÑOPR[ ¿IWEJ\TVöZCEDGfw¢<PRWEW Gô PRHIN,Mps^¢ni J]DG\ ù PRDGF>QOJNësG¢<Pps¶s^¢OJ•[ÌP È4M>DeD4M>WKJaMR±\GCKWECKfP CE\es^MÎCKH†s^J]D^PRfls µ#C»s^¢ëPRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ CKH \4QIfw¢ÿP•µZP‰ºPR\s^M,D4JNIQIf]J×s^¢OJ×ÇICEM>WKM>FRCKfPpW P¯RPpCKW¾PpÇICKWECEsº•MR±#PRWEW\4M>QID4fJ\MR±#NICKJlswPRDkº PRWEQI[ CKH²QI[PRHINÎHIMRsM>HIW»º,MR±¹PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[÷±½DGMR[ NID4CKHI´²CKHOFaµZPpsGJDÏ u QID:DGJ]\GQIW»s^\.PRDGJ f]M>HIfMRDGN<PRH†sµ#C»s^¢,s^¢OCK\¢†ºh¿VMps^¢IJ]\GCK\]T\GCKHOfJµ Je±½M>QIHIN P%¿ID4MRs^J]f]sGCE¯>J¶Jl°J]f]s:MR±\GCEWKCEfP M>HNIJ[ JH†s^CKPOT>PpHINs^¢OCK\!CEHINIJ]¿VJ]HINIJH†sGWEºMR±<s^¢OJ¹PRWEQI[ÌCEH²QI[ fM>HOfJH†sGD^PpsGCKM>HCEHNID4CKHI´>i £Ý.

(31) HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. EC HIF×µZPps^J]DÏÜ ±s^¢IJ¶Pp\G\GQO[Ì¿OsGCKM>HMp±Zö CKDGfw¢IPRWKW5CK\sGDGQIJpTms^¢IJeJuÑIPpf]sDGCE\G´•PpsGsGDGCKÇOQOswPRÇOWKJ sGM*PRWKQO[ÌCEHhQO[?CE\¿ID4M>Ç<PRÇOWEº•QIHINIJ]DGJ\ks^CE[×PpsGJNCEH,M>QID\ks^QINnº>Tmµ#¢ICEfw¢ÎNOMnJ]\HIMRsf]M>Hni \4CKNIJ]Ds^MRs^PRW!NIPRCKW»ºAPpWKQI[ CKH²QI[÷CKH†s^PR´RJÀ‚µ#¢ICKfw¢ CK\NIxC Z fQOWEssGM*[ÌJPR\GQID4J‰ÃuÏ_$M µ J]¯RJD]T [ÌPRH†º.PRQOs^¢OM>DG\¢IP‰¯RJ¹¿@M>\4sGQIW¾PpsGJNsG¢<PpsPRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ CEHNID4CKHI´²CEHIFµZPps^J]D[×PºÇ@JZ[ M>DGJ ÇICEM†P¯pPRCKWKPRÇIWKJ#s^¢IPRHAPpWKQI[ CKH²QI[ ±½DGMR[MRs^¢OJDr\GMRQIDGf]J\Ï ®r¢IJ¿ID4J\4JH†sa\4sGQINOº/\4QIF>F>J]\4sG\asG¢<Pps%PRWKQI[ CKH²QI[ý[ÌPº Ç@J,M>HOJ,MR±s^¢OJ,±áPRf]sGM>DG\ PR\4\GMhfCKPps^J]N̵#CEsG¢×NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PPRHIN×J\G¿@Jf]C¾PRWEWEºe·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\NOCK\GJPR\GJpTOJl¯>JH*C»±sG¢IJy¿ODGMpi ¿@M>D4sGCKM>HAMR±JlÑn¿VMR\GJNÐ\GQIDzÈ4Jf]sG\µZPR\WEM µ CKHMRQID¿VMR¿IQIW¾PÛs^CKMRHmÏ:®r¢IJ\4J D4J\4QIWEsG\[QI\4s HIM‰µ ÇVJCEH†¯>J\ks^CEF†Pps^J]N*±½QID4sG¢IJD]T<\GCKHOfJ\GCE[Ì¿OWKJ[ JPp\GQID4J\#fM>QOWKN*Ç@JswPR´pJHas^MeDGJ]NIQIf]J \4QIfw¢AJuÑO¿@M>\4QIDGJCKH*s^¢OJJ]WKNIJ]DGW»º>Ï. £Ë.

(32) y í % 4B6 ï % 45î % H9z`4ìnê * ènî|{ ' 5è 476 ï. HAL author manuscript inserm-00138528, version 1. r® ¢ICE\ D4J\GJPRDGfw¢Ìµ¹PR\\GQO¿I¿VMRD4s^J]N×džº¶·FRJHIf]JNIJyö¹PR\4\GCKH}nJ]CKHIJui@?yMRDG[ÌPRHINICEJRT†·WEQni [ CKH²QI[ýÁJ]` fw¢ICKHIJlº>Tr·L¡•· ÀáܐHO\4s^C»s^QOs NIQþXZJD4¯RJPRQ<ÃlTr·\4\GMhfCKPps^CEM>H(L$J]fw¢IJD4fw¢IJ,J]s Á5PRD4s^PRF>JRTU· ~·$i ·$j:ÜäÁ ÜwTYjDGM>QO¿VJ¶UPRHOM>HIJRTYX¹PpCK\G\4PJ ?PpsGCKM>H<PpWKJNòÔ·y\G\GQOD^PRHIf]J*¡APpW»i PRNOCKJNIJ]\5®YD^P¯pPRCEWKWKJ]QIDGo\ OPRWKPRDGClJ` \TÛX¹PpCK\G\4JÁ'D4CK[ÌPRCKD4J!Nmòó·\4\GQIDGPRHIf]J¹¡APpW¾PRNICEJNIJ'W¾PrUMRDki NIMRF>HIJRTIXZ·Á Ük¡,¡ OXTVXZM>HI\4JCEWÍj,J` H J]` D^PRWVNIJW¾PUM>DGNIMRF>HIJRTOXZM>HI\4JCEWj,J]` H J` DGPRWNOJW¾P jCKD4M>HINIJpTYXZM>HI\GJ]CKW'L*J` F>CEM>H<PRW5Nmòó·g²QICEs^PRCKHOJRTYX¹PRCE\G\GJ¶NIJ L#J]sGD^PRC»s^JeܐH†s^J]DGJH†sGDGJ¿ODGCK\4J\]T UCEDGJfls^CEM>H L*J` F>CEM>H<PRWEJNIJ]\·y°PRCKD4J,\ nPRHICEs^PRCKD4J\•J]s nMhfCKPRWKJ]\ANmòó·g²QIC»swPRCEHIJRT¤R¥O£‰¥ ¡ J]` NIC¾PnT²oÚMRHIN<PpsGCKM>HeNIJ$o<D^PpHIfJpTh@Ü ?SO'L¡ÎTO¡ÎÏãjeÏ OrKÏ ?.Ï»Tn¡•CKHICE\4sJb DGJ#NIJ#WKPL$J]fw¢IJD4fw¢IJ JlsZNIJyW¾P:®5J]fw¢IHIM>WEM>F>CEJRTO¡Ð€Ï @ÏÔ·.ÏnNIJyW¾PUM>DGNOM>F>HIJpTO¡Î€Ï VÏó·ÏhNIJyW¾P.j:CEDGM>HINOJR5T ?yM‰¯pPRD4sGCK\ Á ¢<PRD4[×PnϹÓJs^¢<PRHO´ EÍQI‚f EÍJ]s^J]HIHIJ]QIDPRHONAs^¢IJÁ!PRg²QICENA\kswPp°Î±½M>D#s^¢IJ]CKD$fM>WEW¾PRÇ@M>D^P i sGCKM>H%CEH%s^¢IJ\ks^QINnº>TÚPRHIN%sG¢IJ:UU#k· r%UM>D4NIM>F>HOJPRHINUU#k· r*jCKD4M>HINIJ$µ#¢IMes^MhM>´ ¿<PpD4s#CKH*sG¢IJ:\4s^QONOºadžº*F>CE¯hCEHIFeN<Pps^P¶MRH•NID4CKHI´²CEHIFµ¹PÛs^JD$fMR[Ì¿@M>HIJ]H²sG\Ï. £‰É.

(33) =R& 

(34) "$ HAL author manuscript. £XZM>D4NIJDƒO'_.TXOPpQIHINIJ]DG\Ø·¡ÐTX²s^DGC»sGsG[×Pps4s^J]D Ó d1Jls³PRWcÏÊj:J]HIJ÷NIM>\4J?Mp± PR¿@M>WKCE¿VMR¿IDGMRsGJCEHO sºh¿VJÝ×PpWKWKJ]WKJPpHIN•sG¢IJ.D4CK\4´%MR±·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\$NOCK\GJPR\GJCKHaWKPps^J M>HI\4J]s#±áPR[ CKWECKJ\]τnf]CKJHOfJ £‰Õ>Õ>ÄOñƤRÉO£hAÆՆ¤h£]iäՆ¤RËnÏ. inserm-00138528, version 1. ¤(¡•fMEYPpfw¢IW¾PRHÎULrXÏ·WKQO[ÌCEHICKQI[?PRHON sG¢IJeDGCE\G´±½M>D·WE¼¢IJ]CK[ JDòó\NICE\GJPR\GJpÏnO Hni ¯hCKD4M>HI[ J]s^D4CKf]\£‰Õ>ՆËnñÔÉSAƤRÄ>ÄÛiä¤>Å>ËnÏ Ä(_yQIPRHIF} eT_yJ]DG[ÌPRHΡ,¡ÐT`EÍCEQ dOTo†:PpsG\GJ]sGM>\:X¹UT@Ó CKWKWE\¡•LToOP¯>M>Dkº dOÏo?$JQni DGMpÙ<ÇIDGCEWKWKPRD4ºþWEJ\4CKM>HI\CKH¸JlÑn¿VJ]DGCE[ÌJ]H²s^PRW.PRWKQI[ CKHOCKQI[eiCEHINIQIf]JNþJHOfJ¿O¢<PRWKMR¿<Pps^¢†º PRHIN ·yWK¼¢OJCK[ JD]òÔ\×NICK\4JPR\4J\G¢<PRD4JCK[ [QIHIMRDGJPpf]s^C»¯hCEsºß±½M>D*Pp[ºhWKM>CEN ¿ID4JfQODG\GMRD ¿ID4MRs^J]CKHmT ·?Ç@J]s^POT¹PpWK¿I¢<Pߣ]iPRH†s^CEfw¢²ºh[ MRs^Dkºh¿I\GCEH PRHON QIÇICEg²QICEsº†i¿ODGMRsGJCKHÿf]M>HÛÈ4Qni F†PpsGJ\]Ï,öZDGPRCKHaL#J\:£‰Õ>Õ>ÅnñãÅRÅn£tAƤn£‰ÄÛiä¤>¤R¥OÏ Ý XZQIfPRDGJ]WKW¾P.XTn¡•M>H†s^MRWKCKQÌXTh_yJ]DG[ JHIJ]F>CKWENIM.XëJ]sZPRWÂϲXZ¢IDGMRHICKf$JlÑn¿@M>\GQID4JysGMPRWEQni £Å.

(35) [ CKHICEQI[CK[ ¿<PRCEDG\rHIJ]QIDGMRH<PRWYF>WKQOs^PR[ÌPps^JuiHIC»s^DGCEfMÑnCKNIJuiflºnf]WKCEf.¿<PÛs^¢†µ¹PºRÏÊd}?$JQni DGMhfw¢IJ][棉Õ>Õ>ÖOñÆÅR¥SA»£‰É>¥RÕÛiw£‰Én£ÝIÏ HAL author manuscript. ËÿL#M>ÇVJ]D4sG\-?öyTmXZWEM>QIF>¢•·TVöZJWEWKC¾P d>ÁYT&†CK[?d‡ ÏVܐHOfDGJPR\GJ]N PRÇI\4M>DG¿OsGCKM>H•MR±'PRWEQni [ CKHICEQI[ ±½D4M>[ PßHIM>D4[×PpWNICKJlswPRDkºþCKH†s^PR´RJ CKH NIJ][ÌJ]H†s^C¾PnÏÒdÿܐHIM>DGF(öZCEMnfw¢OJ[. inserm-00138528, version 1. £‰Õ>ÕRÖOñÆÉRÕSAE£‰Ån£]iw£‰ÅRÉOÏ Éÿ·W»±½DGJlºe·$XT5EJ]F>JHONIDGJjL:TD†:PRJ¢OH²º¶Ó¨Uφ®r¢IJ$NICKPRWEºh\GCE\ JHIf]J¿I¢IPRWKM>¿IPps^¢†º¶\4ºhHni NID4M>[ÌJ]A¿@M>\G\4CKÇIWEJ×PRWEQI[ CKHICEQI[CEH†s^MÑnCKfPÛs^CKMRHmÏþ®r¢IJe?$J]µˆO HIF>WKPRHINßdRMRQIDGH<PpWMp± ¡•J]NIJf]CKHIJ £‰Õ†ÅRÉnñã¤RÕpÝrAE£ÖRÝpiw£Ö>ÖOÏ Å(¡APRDksºhHX‰?TÍö¹PRD4´RJ]D:U:d>Á5T u \4[ÌM>HONÎXTÍ_PRD4DGCE\-OXT`O NOµZPRDGNI\4M>HdR·T`EPRf]J]º L$oZÏ5j:J]M>F>D^Pp¿I¢ICKfPRW DGJ]W¾PpsGCKM>H Ç@J]sµ JJ]Hß·WK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\.NOCK\GJPR\GJ×PRHINзWKQO[ÌCEHICKQI[ CKHaNID4CKHI´²CEHIFµ¹PÛs^JD]ÏQEPRHIf]J]s£‰Õ>ÖRÕOñE£hAãËRÕ iäɆ¤nÏ Ö(o!WKPps^J]H ®#Á5ÏjJM>F>DGPR¿I¢ICEfPRW.PR\4\GMhfC¾PÛs^CKMRHI\,Ç@J]sµ JJH7PRWKQO[ÌCEHICKQI[ CEH NIDGCEHI´²CKHIF £‰Ö.

(36) µZPps^J]D,PRHIN NIJPÛs^¢ DGPps^J]\•µ#CEsG¢ NOJ[ JH†s^CKP ÀáCEHIfWEQINICEHIFÿ·WK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\•NOCK\GJPR\GJÃlT Á!PpDG´²CKHI\4M>Hmòó\ÌNOCK\GJPR\GJPRHONëPp[º>MRsGDGM>¿O¢ICKf*WKPps^J]D^PRW \GfWEJD4M>\GCE\eCKHX?yM>Dkµ¹PºRϊO H†¯²i HAL author manuscript. CKD4M>H•j:J]Mnfw¢OJ[ _$JPRW»s^¢ £‰Õ>Õ>¥nñE£ ¤5AE£ ËR¤ iw£‰É>ÅnÏ Õ롕fMEYPpfw¢IW¾PRHaUL¹XTIöZJ]DGF>J]DGM>H•¡AUTSn[ CEs^¢*dtO(Jls#PRWcÏnL#CK\G´¶±½M>D HIJQID4M>¿<PpsG¢IM>WEM>Fpi. inserm-00138528, version 1. CKfPRWKW»ºfMRHOÙ<DG[ JN·WK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\.NOCK\GJPR\GJ×PRHINÊD4J\4CKNIQ<PpWZPRWEQI[ CKHICEQI[ CEH[QIHOCKfC i ¿<PRW'NID4CKHI´²CEHIFµZPpsGJDJ][Ì¿OWKM‰ºhCKHIFaµZJ]CKF>¢†sGJNÊD4J\GCENIJH†sGC¾PRW'¢ICE\4s^MRDGCKJ]\Ï?$JQID4M>WKMRFRº £‰Õ>ÕRÉOñÔÝ>ÉSAÔÝ>¥O£]iÝ>¥†ËnÏ £‰¥(L#CE±áPps@T‹O'PR\4sµ MnMhN ¡•LT#¡f1EPRfw¢IWKPRH¸UL¹XT¹J]s•PRWÂωO°J]f]sMR±.JlÑn¿@M>\GQID4JÐMp± [ CKHIJ]DG\¹s^M PRWEQI[ CKHICEQI[Ø¿VM‰µ#NIJ]DÏQEPRHOfJ]s£‰ÕRÕ>¥OñÔÄ>Ä>ÉSA»£>£‰É†¤‰iw£>£‰É>ËnÏ £>£jD^P¯>J]\·öyT@Ó ¢IC»s^JŒOrT7†MhJ¿I\4JWEWKJ®#UT@JlsPpWcÏ<®r¢IJPR\G\4Mnf]C¾PpsGCKM>HÇVJlsµZJ]JH PRWEQni [ CKHICEQI[ fM>H†s^PRCKHICEHIF׿ODGMhNIQIf]sG\PRHIN·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\NICE\GJPp\GJRÏßdXZWECKHO'¿OCKNIJ][ÌCEM>W £‰Õ>ÕR¥OñÔÝ>ÄSAÆÄ>Ë iÝ>ÝOÏ £‰Õ.

(37) £ ¤ÿöZCEDGfw¢<PRWEWd>UTXZ¢<PR¿O¿VJ]WKW dD@Ï·WEQI[ CKHICEQI[•TIµZPpsGJDfw¢IJ][ÌCE\4sGD4ºAPRHIN·WE¼¢IJ]CK[ JD]òÔ\ NICE\GJPp\GJÌÀEÍJ]s4s^J]DwÃlÏEPRHIfJls£‰Õ>Ö>ÕOñ»£tAÔՆËRÄOÏ HAL author manuscript. £‰ÄXO!ÑnWKJ]º×XTnÁ CKHIHIJ]F†PRDZdt†eTh®5PºhWKM>D _.Ïh_$ºhNID4MÑnº>PRWKQO[ÌCEHIM>\GCEWKCEfPpsGJ\PRHIN×PRfQOsGJPRWEQni [ CKHICEQI[³sGMÑOCEfC»sº%CKH*Ù<\4¢mÏde®r¢IJ]M>Dö CKM>W5£‰Õ>ՆÅnñ»£‰Ö>ÕRAE£‰ÄRÄÛiw£‰ÄRÕOÏ. inserm-00138528, version 1. £Ýëo<M>DG\ks^J]D#UÁ5T(?$J]µ JHI\$·dOT3†:Pº*UrÓ†eT(O NOµ¹PpDGNI\4M>HdR·.Ï<L$CE\G´ ±áPRf]sGM>DG\rCEH*fWKCEHni CKfPRWKW»ºeNICKPRF>HIM>\4JN%¿ODGJ\4JHICEWKJyNIJ[ JH†s^CKPMR±msG¢IJ·yWK¼¢OJCK[ JD'sºh¿VJ]A'PfPp\GJli fM>H†sGDGM>W \4sGQINOºÿCEH(HOM>D4sG¢IJD4H"O HIFRW¾PRHINÏ dRM>QODGH<PRWWO ¿ICENIJ[ CKMRWKM>FRºÐXZMR[Ì[QOHICEsºÊ_yJPpWEs^¢ £‰Õ>Õ>ËnñÔÝ>ÕSAã¤RËRÄÛik¤RËRÖOÏ £ Ë(¡APRDksºhHÿX‰?.T5XZM>F>FRM>HUk?T|EPRfJlºÎLyoZT& MRQIHIFaÓ¨oZÏ·WKQO[ÌCEHhQO[ fMRHIfJ]H²sGD^PÛi s^CEM>HI\eCEH(NODGCKHO´hCEHIFµ¹PÛs^JD PRHONëD4CK\G´MR±·yWK¼]¢IJCE[ÌJ]Dòó\eNICK\4JPR\4JRϊO ¿ICENIJ[ CKMRWKM>FRº £‰Õ>Õ>ÅnñÆÖRAã¤RÖn£]ik¤RÖRÉOÏ £‰Éëd>PRf]gh[ CKHhikj:PRNIN<Pÿ_.TyXZM>[ [ JHIF>J]\UTWEJls^J]HIHIJQODQE T$ö¹PRDGÇ@JD4F>JDäikj:Pps^JPRQ¨Á5T ¤R¥.

Références

Documents relatifs

Homozygosity for one locus was revealed in 18 families, and the corresponding gene was sequenced, allowing the identifi- cation of the homozygous pathogenic genotype in all cases

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

Dans le troisième chapitre, nous exposerons nos résultats sur les moments dipolaires déterminés à l'état fondamental .ug et excité singulet ~ : ce qui nous

Die Forschung hat bereits nachgewiesen, dass Demonstrationen nicht an sich journalistische Eteignisqualitat ha- ben, sondern in all er Re gel erst dann zum berichtenswerten

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a substantially increased number of NHS g hydrogen bonds in β-MT-2, features likely responsible for the increased stability of the Cd

Dans une autre étude, des chercheurs ont sélectionné, parmi 13 636 patients ayant reçu du clopidogrel à la suite d’un infarctus du myocarde, 734 patients qui ont dû être

[35] In the present study, some of the largest relative differences in disease- specific morbidity by peer status were found in disease-specific groups that were

Byatt, contemporary British novelist, short story writer, essayist, “cultural commentator and [...] public intellectual of an Arnoldian, Eliotesque or Leavisite kind” (15), has a