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6 _{le centre ressources prospectives du grand lyon, La démocratie participative état des lieux et}

premiers éléments de bilan,[en ligne] (consulté en 14 sep 2017), Disponible sur: http://www.millenaire3.com/content/download/1377/19231/version/1/file/Polere_democratie_particic ipative.pdf

7_{BOURE, Robert.« Démocratie participative en Europe» [en ligne], Revue Sciences de la Société, N 69,}

Pu Mirail Toulo, nov 2006, p 89.

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14 _{Jackson, Jeffrey Charles, From Deliberation to Participation: John Dewey's Challenge to}

Contemporary Democratic Theory [en ligne], Ph.D., Political Science, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA: 2014, p 184 available at (Dec 23, 2016) http://escholarship.org/uc/item/26k2t4w2#page-1

15_{FLORIDIA, Antonio. Participatory Democracy versus Deliberative Democracy: Elements for a}

Possible Theoretical Genealogy. Two Histories, Some Intersections[en ligne] , 7 th ECPR General Conference Sciences Po, Bordeaux, 4 - 7 September 2013, p 2 available at (sep 22, 2017) : https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/71d7f83c-3fe4-4b11-82a2-c151cd3769f4.pdf 16 2 , 4! Q3 7 . 17 6 +' +' .  
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Participatory democracy, its digital tools, theoretical

premises, and practical applications

FOURAR Ahmed Amine

Department of Human Sciences, Mohammed KHAIDER University of Biskra

ahmedamine01@gmail.com Abstract

There are some insufficiencies in the practice of representative democracy that have led to the adoption of a different kind of democracy which is more capable of involving citizens in decision-making in order to fulfill the democratic process. Thus, a participatory democracy which is known historically has been re-adopted with the objective of creating more opportunities and tools to make the population involve in decision-making. It mainly tries to overcome the issue of representation, and ensure popular participation through the application of mechanisms that guarantee the involvement of everyone in decision-making, control and initiative. The application of participatory democracy depends increasingly on tools of electronic participation through ICT (Information and communication technologies) in order to reinforce civil participation and transparent participatory governance.

This paper deals with the theoretical principles that calls for the adoption of participative democracy based on the perceptions of researchers, in addition to the analysis of their digital tools, relying on some experiences in this field.

Keywords:

Participatory democracy; Electronic participation; Information and communication technologies