• Aucun résultat trouvé

وضعية تعليمية اللغة العربية إبان الاحتلال الفرنسي من خلال كتاب " التعليم للأهالي في الجزائر" لموريس بولار 1910 م

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "وضعية تعليمية اللغة العربية إبان الاحتلال الفرنسي من خلال كتاب " التعليم للأهالي في الجزائر" لموريس بولار 1910 م"

Copied!
14
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

êŠÞ†ËÖ]Ùøju÷]á^ecíée†ÃÖ]íÇ×Ö]íéÛé×ÃiíéÕæ

 

h^jÒÙø}àÚ



†ñ]ˆ¢]»êÖ^âúÖÜé×ÃjÖ]



…÷çe‹è…ç¹

1910

 

 

 

 

                           <K <íÊ]…<‚Û¦ *          @˜ƒÜß @ @

&'() *+,  - . /&01 234 56 ,&  7  81 89&:  ;1 ,

 *+,  < . 5=  ,7  >?6 < .@ AB& C@ DE F3 GB =C 5H  =I

D!  ,@ D!J61 ,

7 K LJ  6.3@ G7M  !!$@ N 9&J O:,P

9&:  7  QR H K S 6T  M$4@ !H /  @ U V &  W -XYJ D&Z@ -&.  N , ![1 89 B 8 ]  1938  8Ia 89 . b@& Z . @ &  7  D C@ QR H &cd e , M=$1 7 6 MH@ A & !MB@ 24  1904 N ijk l4 9m&B  nHJ N D  #1 = #?  

L&'() &o pq 5H @ (r H  s@t  N r u(H    - v  D!H6@ " 3 H:Z -Ro  3 H:Z -Ro  3 H:Z -Ro  3 H:Z -Ro  : : : :  w ;  S 6T ; QH3l ; &  7  " @ @ @ @ *   א  א،אאא  אא !"#$%&  א  א،אאא  אא !"#$%&  א  א،אאא  אא !"#$%&  א  א،אאא  אא !"#$%& '''' (א)* (א)*(א)* (א)* + + + +        

(2)

¾a òß‡Ô @ @ Z { Ho  ?6 " &'()  S 6} D H  " l p ~~ l’enseignement

pour les Indigenes en Algérie de Maurice Poulard ( = MI #? @ 1910  &'()    MvZ  , >HP   6 6@ !M3 X  Q 9 l p 1886  − 1968   &'()  ‚.ƒ P N „(' $  $  >?6 " LM9 $ N #P [1 …Ho †dM  ?6 : l@1 l@1 l@1 l@1 :::: &'() y C N  6 „kJ 8 4 &'() V D H   ‡@ K <F  ˆ

– …9&:  QH3l „kJ –

S 6T  D!C   9&J O C ‰P@ 56 @

Š  …9&J ‹C P &c9 !$@ N >I1 r D H  Q  V r!H=Z !H  3&Z " 9 Œ 9 Œ 9 Œ 9 Œ :::: …9&J ‹C o  8P , 8   H     K bB  N ==o D6&c9 !$@ N@ L9&:  L 3 M  " -l H  N W Ž&vC 8Y,  ?6 V@ : −  &T 56  = o , D C <@ 9&:  „ AMB N = ‘ ’7 @ ? S 6T − ? &T >?6 ”.dH …9&:  QH3l ! MC 5H  r!=Z  − ? !H N QH3l N „’jT „k:  Qj  H     -’7C A6 •T >?6 N  $ †dM  ?6 N –jH9 , Qj N  <&.H 9&:  „ N „ *  D&Z@ L9.  , M = >&9 #?  —!=Z J u@ -   >?6 A Z ,

AH  ˜ ™ V „ &  šdH  5'&.Hl —!=Z 6

›3} 5œ H  " nHHJ Q { vj N v. ž u HP l p "  9$ Q a " Charles Jonart 1   DP ƒ  8 H > .ª1 &'(r 7 #  1905 uJ < $  "  –H3

(3)

 := #1 D¬@ C N &cH=9 l =P , K1@ P1 ŽI = p 9žJ ,  ‡@ L­ N ,L&'() ®@tZ ?6 ”.­ A$1 N ¯ 3 ]&PY@ "" 2 N †d  v o 9 Œ   u Ho !H  V@ K OHa@ DP ƒ ?6

- dFC N 9&J uHB ° 8 J& @ < =  ,  ,  Q $T &C@ D C A$1 N , Q.  K <H Ž  56 Z J ,    T  @ RH$l , L9&: @ S 6T L=) ‹&.C V ’MP @ w@ , p AX@ l 3 u u . DP ƒ MI ± " : ˜ 4 #! { Ho  ?6 84 , @ O=P ˜²T S 6T ® ‡@1 LdH X j :* 7,= , D H  Q  V X j D![ A­ - d:*  >?6 ]1 K ˜ O$1 ˜ ™ A$1 N "" 3 Ž&v S H  d=  K 56 -l H  N W !H  V ‹C o  : A6  H  FB FB &'() V S 6} D DE 5H   F.  N 6’7P 3@&v ? .&J4 QRa V =M.H -  @T V ‡C 81 ”dHC A6@ ? ‹³ DŒ : ; =6 ˜ ? N´9 = µ 5H  { MT N ’ o  " j S 6T D HJ ¶ ƒ OB  V  *HBl -@·  !‡&:C " w j F¸1 56@ 5H  6 .C

AM.HZ < = V != „ :Hl@ e ° { µ K (oC&C "

=' m N u3H9 81 No  =C& H V = @ ،

V u:9 OB  V ’o:H @

!$1 N = ™  6@ =ªYC 5H   .  Q $T "

{&.  63@ .&J4 QRa V   9= ‰F@ N S 6T N L H LZ " ; N& Z G @  !Z { dX1@ L FB O š6T D C@ , FB 56 A ) ,  ›ko ’ 5.M 81 31 #T ”º l †d " DP d ”M@ LH= ?=   , FB 6H@ LZ S 6T D C [1 K <F  ˆ 81   "

(4)

™4 1MZ Q3 ‰H+9 l =P – D H  [1 − u.MvC :P V ‰H+9 81 =

&'() 5Z 5BjT 2HZ J&  HZ A'   &T ” H = " − ? 6 ,94 ‹³ ]Z N ®9 #1 − ? D H  ?6 MvC 5H  - !$H  56  − ? !*C DH r!= ¸1 ‹3@ − ? !P&d9 Ž@ #Y@

‡&J ‹C o  Ž&v , N&1 L !J ˆ& : D!Fj@ !$ N S 6T D C D!$ 9@ 2&j1 !$ N Q@T  86& ’jT ?6 ”.­ 81@ , , Q. †3 : ™4 9·­ $ p:9 »4 S 6T AX9 81 = vH , 6=@ ! nM*C o,Z 8žJ , . u(9 81 No ==9 =C ´ k3@ , I M  >? p &T No , S 6T J =C F3 N H± „ F3 »4 8H= " { Ho =C<&B Qj N  7  [1 5v  l p 8Y =Z , / H  ·dH  A  6H @ 5BjT @(7 5  Ž @ ,  @ , r @¶ &.H @ L9&: @ S 6T p=$ L ‹ " wj N 5H @ – Z − ’¼YH @ b½H  vH9 {. @ Q.  V  : "

uC™ 3 V   p @ @ 8 P L&'() D C 81 Q.  »4 i+9 , A ‹ 7 {7Z  .9  X N 9Z - v Z !H‡&J „@¶@  MH   , @  D6/(H@ D!H L&'() ˜q " N Z ’ bw 84 ,

L9&: @ S 6T p=$ L ‹&.H  – O­ ,  C@ L@@T  AXH  K L&'() , uH:,P 5H  D&Z@ L9.  N   = …9&:  QH3l 6X1 1830 , .  !H/1 Š 9 = /l 5H @ J ?6 = »4  Fƒ@ "

(5)

¾@‘¿  ,j & PT 8 , À  R!HdJ o ‹³ 8? , @ A!) [ À3 K ‹* H  ’M C l p " R!H U 81 >&c9 V@ ]Z < = : F 8oC , 7  D C@ L@T  Q *Cl K D6 C@ ,S 6} 9&:  " 5=  ?6@ ,  A  K

5³C Ao, & HZ 7 !F C@ T D!H7 N L&'() &µ "  6@  HZ -&.  >µ , &'() V  H     . HZ , AP - FH.Z MC 3& " H @ oƒ QR H N l  B@ , uMa = N  v. S 6T ) , = ‹³ H  !$ N ¬ @™ 2 :H ,?d !  A , N 6ÁP 2 :C@ 2&j1 !$ " = &'(r 9&J QH3 = 1830 , »@T -=  Qj@ , Á OP1 D!H LoH LZ 81 , Q   t   o3Y ¿o ‘º 81 8F:@ …9&:  89 .  " *+,  Q3T A'  V@ oZ Q .H9@ – ›’Z – ®M @ 5 89 .  Doƒ &H , „ FB $@ ( 8 P  o3T >?6 ”MvH @ < :P1 L:Â@ , b&   X j ] V l4 D!=oC DH l <l´6@ " Z  " medersas les , No ? ]Z >?6 < ,94 „&oJ -1 ‰P ? ]Z >?6 < ,94 „&oJ -1 ‰P ? ]Z >?6 < ,94 „&oJ -1 ‰P ? ]Z >?6 < ,94 „&oJ -1 ‰P pMP Q. Emile Cambes 4 1821  − 1935  " :  8 P QH3l  V   ‰'   V D6R Hl @(  K RHl 6 =!$C , < v@ D! $@ S 6T  =HB V , No LM* HZ ’ & ‘È l @(  >?6 81 =P1  8 É , .M  >?6 /@ rH @ ] ›Œ nHJ »4 ²Y) , "" 5 ?w < $ &7   & 30 HM 1850  ] ›Œ < ,94 K i= #?  −  ]   − 8 C@ =v=B Z N AP V " „Z NoH  !J DH -= ›Œ , S 6T –v ‘@ , = Ê R C " „/Z @ 1 =oC , n  ‹X = A7, { M, , 99 B 4  @  V Ê@ " AP &T  V

(6)

&  7  .C O9 P ]@  , ]C O9 P 5H  Z N 1 , d=  K 5!J S H  : 3H @ u.: @ 89 . @ Ë&  {T@ d=  O9 P ›  ]Z >?6

!7a 8 P 5H  &o  v  O­   @ 'T $  &JC 81 „ F.   " 6 ïöa‡niüa@áîÜÈnÛa AMB 1830 H  'Hl ]Z  8 P  , N ›dHC  *Z N ’ o  ÊZ@ 2&.  V „tH=Z 'Hl ]Z AF: D H   ,H9 , @(  V Œ  dZ - .:9 N !q@ b B@T  c= A C O9 P ,@ $ Z@ ‹C Ho @ L= , w - . K Ì :ƒ @ T U V  6 @ >?6 ® a (P& OM " != ƒ K A …9&:  QH3l , ˆ.J LH=  @ , #1 = V 2 183  L@@} 9&J ] ›Œ O•,²1 , S 6} Œ Í  -Y,²1 = 6 @ :  7  D H ,  L@@T@ ˆÎ@ 9& { ƒ@ N S 6T ‹&.C 7 L@@T " &B ¯Y@ 1836   DP d 3*  5v   , < ,9ž D H   „ ]Z " QH3l  ?= , s @1 V 9&:  7   ,H9 „@¶ -&! LZ S 6T , oH @  ,H9l ˜ ? @ N31 O9 P@ ‰ , ]Z < ,94 6 S 6T 8 M,  ! k N¸1 "@

8 o  L 9&:  7  V b Z &vC b

LZ „ ° -< $ 30 &Z 1883 6B   •J o Xk  300 ˜9&J ,

L  ,&  8o 81 vÊ ,9&:  V L  2H 8HM  N?  S 6} 18 @ 25 = #:, @ Ë Ho  dH Ž r= / H$@ "

N ƒ uJ6 8 P 9&:  7   ,H9 C@ ‰ oC K A  81 ˜a l QR H &  7  , D&Z@ -&.  ˜ ™ K A  ’j 56 MB HZ , &P?9 Q Z AM K :

(7)

& 22 ]  1882  D H   M$4 1M e .  L  Q :IT K 6 @ 13 S 6} = ]H  N V Q :IT < *34 LoH @ , 8žJ n½H  .  8M v <  @T D!' =01 {  N 8 • D¬1 > : , D!q@ D!HM @ A  cH9  ,

8@ H  < @1 Q [ Q 3 V Nr  @1 &7  .  ‡& H 81 No@  „ " K S 6T s @1 V 9&:  7  QR H D C # bw No Ï@ &  7  { 3 " -= ¯YC@ 1891  − 1892 D C vC ”&I V „$ 3& Ar‘H 

S 6T , ®@t u94 18 &HP1 1892  1 #?   Dc=C D H  p  AP  ,S 6} 5'Hl Ð Î @1 u= 5 " X Î ]Z N1 Ñ:3 2MJ S 6T  , „’jT >?6 O ‡@ ,

A*J u9 ož #?    DP d   MB&Z O­

D¬1@ ]Z <@ LZ "

® :C N O=o &  -<&$ >?6

L  S 6T N LHZ@  BT  H  1891 »4  1901  " †3 Ò ]Z  138 = V 1893  DFC 244 = V@ DB 1899   AX@  BT 447 = V@ 1906 »4 526 V@ 1908 »4 690 " 8= O­@ " : 9&:  7  D C "  N PT D.  81 ‹C o  Q. 9&:  7  D H i*± pH  , v9l v.9 56 A Z V ‚ – ‹v.  −  H  AoJ  -R w   C 2&jT Z@ " ¬ ož 5H  56 u¸1 ‹3 Z

S 6T@ L9&:  L Ao  uJ ‹& #?  Q *Cl@ { .H  A!C " ò#aŠ‡Ûa@Áݬ@ëc@wßbã*Ûa@À@òîi‹ÈÛa@òÌÜÛa@òãbØß @ Plan d Etude @ @  7  &  V " ˆv±   " &  L¶ K  HZ & @ T l Q. : =  .C ”&:H  V Ao, ”B R!= , 7  T O

(8)

 H V 56 A ,ƒ 7  oo   HZ V J d*  V@ ‹Ho  ˜C@   5H  ]‘C V ]Z 9m&.  Z &  1@  @H −  ?HMZ – ® 5!J - r!  &  5oHZ QRa .&J4 ,  HZ 7  56 „’jT >?6 V Z 'Hl S 6T D H –d*:  Q " 7 8oC 81 w ‘1 !:a l ’ " .&v J  MHZ ‹3 Q@$   M=C N „&oJ : b 7  pC Hl != & P1 AXH @ QR  Ho  A$T " QR Hl  ‹³ J&  &  , QR Hl @ ‹³ ! C , 5:Ho u < =@ ]Z – …9&J 6@ − ˆ.J ]@ Œ dZ , Œ U 3 u= ?H  L@ , »4 J ‡  N q d=  „<&. @ ˆÎ@ " {&7H@ .9 AU O9 P „&o:  >?6

 Q .J †3 l p " : <Õ ‹& V =¸1 D  …9&J ]‘  7X S 6T D!H7 T , 7 V ’ P N 8 3T l ˜ !J l4 J&  ’ J P " 6 #?  Žt B d=   !J  N - FB =C -. C@ MC - r! , D @ Q :IT  Ho  ,  81 7 QR Hl l ‹HoC  HP@ ERP ' ;o, !J ""

Chose étrange, a notre avis , c est un maitre français qui enseigne aux petit indigènes leur langue maternelle ,langue dont souvent , il n a qu’ une connaissance insuffisante ; c est celui qui explique les règles de grammaire sur lesquelles il ya pourtant tant de contradictions et de complications suivant les dialectes et apprend a écrire aux enfants ,bien que l arabe usuel ne s écrire pas et que l orthographe des mots soit souvent bien douteuse. 7

8Y,  ?6 V@ ‹C o  Q. Ö  Marcais " Q  K < Dc=C — 9  , @ l A.  uM. 81 A:v  A* »4  ¬ 3&Z 'Hl , ]@ @ &   R Hl N l4 NoH l Wk  Ð*= :,  ! d:X ›3 '&) - 9@ &  S4 ’ ˜ ™  5H @ @ ‹HoC –d*:  " @&:Z 81 –v C V –d*: — 9  9 o & P1 [1 " " 8

(9)

5'Hl N l 3 N3Y p !J 5'Hl    D H  »4 =.H9  ™4@ ,

&  7  QR H A6 µ p&oH u H l4 p !J " u=   A6 rH  ?6 Ö  Q@) V Ž‡ , 3 5   !r3 /@ rH l † -   1 , l D!:J

9&:  uJ ]C #?  OB  V ,5dv@ S W4 Ao, b  l4 8$ Hº ”  Ao, " & 9&:  Z . pC N FJ 26 $ 1895  Ð Î „ ž Dc=C Z D H  S   < $ r N L9&.  != : ­ s@Ê  „$ dH  ‚ Z  , „ !a Q*ƒ D H  5'Hl , Ž r=  V . Z 8 dHl NFHC 5H  Ë Ho  #:, @ , sÊ N  L  15 − 20 = , –:  N #1 &  Ò #  LrZ V 1907 Ò  96 Ld$ =  D!= 51 , A*º ‹ v    4 -= N   K „ !a A6YH  N Z , .MI@ ‰ÂH  1@ L9.    n *Z Q  - M @ J No Q*ƒ K :Â@ l4 N Aº „ !a N 234 >?6 RZ ,]Z ‰'    H  : 8 : Aoun ·U V < F.  5 " {(3 : Hezzab Ü&. 8m&. V $ Z " L( : Muezzin 8™´ „* " ‹ I : Taleb ] 8m&B " AP@1 : Oukil ® J  V DP U e .  " $P : Kodja ®9 8 ’C&o  V - M  " Q  : Adel ‹C P ˆM‡ " Ql  : Dellal ‰o M  V (Z 5=  - .  L " ‹&B N e .  :   e .  ”ŒZ " Q a  : Bechadel   e .  "  4 : Imam ‰o „ M  " e B : Kadi A$&  & PT [T V < F.  5 , 6 e B ”Œ@ V ”Œ ,AH  ˆ.J V A' M.  " 5H:Z : Muphti &/@ „ M  N MC&    " ] : Mouderres ™ H1 V ]Z $ Z@ " 9 1 N 7 pH  J 5! 9&:  V M  Z , Q. p l : O C

(10)

K 9&:  7  { 3 &  , Q< H  @ : " pª1 N {*  81 8o „ FB AM.HZ L:ÂZ@ Dæ D C …9&J ‹X , L M,@ 9 oJY 8J& @ F!=     Fƒ@  D HP b Z  P &  89 . @ 5 "" 10 1 N — 9& Z &  : &c9  ! 5H  !R‘ .H 8$&+HZ , 8žJ „ FB AM.HZ N S 6T ‹³ 81 8oC Dæ b  .  D!H7 T , 1@ u.:  u i*j 5 1 -   V ®MT V@ AP = , V ?6 D.  N   - MHjl  Ho  8 H !J  Ho  ! 56@ , 1 d=  !J Ë&  ‹ X Q. &  8 H ]@ Ao, ”  Qj -=  T " "" N q ’M H  {T@  Ho  uJ6 Ao, ndX C ?P@ DE&: Ao, 5³C "  $& N 1 u.:  ,5 9 J (oC& — K L HP V u.:  5o ° – V ?6 M   &  56@ ! LH= L @T { HP@ y,  Aj =    & @ , D 1 o  l AHº l4 9 o „’7X ]Z  ƒ – *. 1910 N/  ‰ªYC { Ho  − 81 2& †3 OB  i*+Z -  &   b P Mv D!' v b  „*  W4 Q3  Ü M " 89 B ¯Y@ 8 ]  1938 9&:  „ N  *  QR H &cd e . @ M=$1 7 6 MH@ A &  7  D C@ , †3 X1 p' </@ 9&J ;?9m 5 P 8Ia Camille Chautemps &B  i= K &c3 QR H 7  &  , 6 MH@ 7 M=$1 V &'() " ¯Y@ ?6 89 .  V    L9. 5H  !¾= QH3l …9&:   dZ 7  ,&  A –H3@ 7/ T , A $@ 7  „3  M 56 7  9&:  " 8 P@ >?w  . L9 &¼T ,  K HrZ ) #&'( "

(11)

89 .  ?6 ‹$ =‘ „?C 1  W <R  LZ N pH  , †3 i9 &.  K " ‚4 ]Z &  „&ƒ 5H  l ˜q *j ,A  ‘@ = AP D   C  r N  @( D H  V ]Z l4   81 A*dH K *j D C , !.C u - v  Z = ", No - v  9&:   O =H N X4 ij ç&  D - Mv  „  5H  O‘B " 89 .  ?6 ¯Y ,

…9&:  QH3 G7M  u$  ‰,o , DoH 7 ‰oJ 8  NI L H  80 % M=$1 7 8oC 81 8 o  N , u²1 ˜a l &  7  Q *•Hl  @ U = A ,=I  w K < F. r!= ‘Í @ N =¸1 RP ,M  ?= QH3l - v uH  #?  w y ˆv± N‡ !‡&1 ”.dH P u R H@ D H  K 6(P&C Qj "

Ï &'() V &  7  ”3 V 3  5: H  <&$ &Z ?6 No , .J X1 DP ƒ   …9&:  &'(r V 24  1904  &B i= K  ŽR  #T D  #&'($ 81 nH:  D H &  8@ Q*ƒ K *j N v  &o  s@t ![1 : − l1 ] y C &'() !HJ&7$@ Ï @ Ë&  5 " − l1 Žt - m 8m&.  5H  ›dHC N  !) " − <l  „è 9&:  " @ò¸b©a @ @

N &'(r …9&:  QH3  HZ -&.  >?6 po C 1830

»4  1962 

   =I  w Ï  pI  Í V 9&:  è  H 

, Qj N

 A 3 &  7  K < F.  !H @ U } # Fƒ@ #&o:  ›@Z , -(P  J „1 > MH  D H  ˜ ™ V , !4@ æ&o !$ -&J FC †3

(12)

@@1  F3 DB @™ R C #&'() HrZ OŒ@1 , ! 3 @ , /1 V ujH E MC N 89  ?6 = »4 >&J1 Q( l J .Œ " .  >?6 <&.H N Ž O H 9&J 81 »4 i+9 81 = No -&

 H  !‡&T QX  V D H  "  81@ A3& ›  -&  H  !H : »@T 3&Z »@T 3&Z »@T 3&Z »@T 3&Z :::: <H3l@ { Hl :  .  :=Z V ‹& l #?  ·dHZ &!c !c @ ·dH  »4 S 6T  QX  uæ ,  MJ ›Œ < ,94 »4 QH3l  ?= -8 C@ =v=B Z N AP V ,S 6} 4 o3 ] ‹$ &B 30 HM 1850 I MH NP T  Hj No Ï@  " 9  3&Z 9  3&Z 9  3&Z 9  3&Z ::::

7  Ž HP  3&Z >?6 -&B <&.H Qj N -(q LoH  3& 9&:  I

&  7  QR H $&C@ 2&j1 „ C M6&C@ „ C M&C , 6&P @1 

–d*:  AU $  O3@ !+H ‚ FJ " &B -&.  >?6 N 18 &HP1 1892  1 #?   AP Dc=C  p D H  5'Hl S 6} 5  @1 Ð Î " „ ° &B 30 &Z 1883  X& e .  6B   •J o  300 ˜9&J , 9&:  V L  2H 8HM  N?  S 6} , & 22 ]  1882  e .  L  Q :IT K D H   M$4 1M 6 @ 13 - . &J@ ,S 6} =   , ]Z V D!' =01 ]q 8FJ& N?  <  @T K Nr  2&j1@ oƒ "   3&Z   3&Z   3&Z   3&Z :::: B  &} S 6T ® Fj4 3& ,

!!$@ N 9&J O:,P 3&Z >?6 V

(13)

9&:  7  QR H ,

3&Z >?6 V -&.  N W -XYJ , ![1 89 B 8 ]  1938  Z 8Ia 89 . b@& Chautemps „ N  *  …9&:  , M=$1 7 6 MH@ A &  7  D C@ QR H &cd e . @ , & !MB@ 24  1904 l4 9m&B  nHJ N D  #1 =  s@t  N r u(H    MI ,- v  N ijk '() &o pq L D!H6@ ,

„&rw »4 D!= ’ o  &v‡ Í Od=‘ ij&  l@ O..­ s@t  J

D  MI „@ rZ Q@  »4 " M @ ï’aì¨a @ püby⁄aë Z 1 − 6  9$ Q a 1913 »4 1927 , é Œ3 é  a Q( l 8 P@ …9&:  8 °  V é M' 9 ‹+H9 , <–HJ @ .H , H3 – ‹X = D61 .C  @  , &/  ‹*= »C -& „ ’: @ ,  PT V éF ‹+H9@ = 9&:  1923 " „4 p  ' »C N Pt  19 =   1913 –H3 4 = A&01 1927 uM*= N 5: H1 L3  dX { MT , V VC 30 p:9 N HM é   8 M N =  " 2 − &v= : &'()  S 6} D H  : l p . , Ð 3 3 − &'()  S 6} D H  : l p , Ð 6 4 − ] MP A4 6 1821  − 1935  :  N  p' 8 P 1876 –H3  1919  , nMX1 p'   RJ    {(3 pr ' L 81 »4 5I&.  " 3 X  @ @ =o  L A*:  89 B ‹ , Z < ,94@ 9&: 9R  V A.H 1905 = VC  1935  5 − &'()  S 6} D H  : l p& , Ð 59 6

-LES MEDERSAS ALGERIENNES DE 1850 A1962 ,CHARLES JANIER Monographie écrite en 2010 p 11-13 7 − } D H  S 6 : l p& &'()  , Ð 18 8 − = .&J4 QRa &q´ &&.C 1908  , Ð 196 9 − &'()  S 6} D H  : l p , Ð 142  143 " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(14)

The status of teaching Arabic during the French occupation through the book teaching the natives of Algeria

from Maurice poulard 1910

Dr. Rafa Mohammed

moh—58@hotmail.fr Hassiba Ben Bouali - Chlef University

Abstract:

The French realized that Arabic was one of the most important elements of the Algerian personality. The survival of this language means the survival of the national character that contradicts their civilization and undermines their goals and plans, France has revealed its hateful face of the Arabic language years ago when it did everything in its power to eliminate this language and force people to use the French language, by implementing a number of resolutions and decrees, the most important of which is the law of March 8, 1938 known as the law of Chautemps and the prohibition the use and learning of the Arabic language, even going so far as to consider it as a foreign language and previously by the Decree of 24 December 1904 which prevents any teacher from opening a Coranic school without a permit from the authorities and is committed to respecting a number of miraculous conditions that affect the dignity and identity of Algerians.

Keywords:

Références

Documents relatifs

Among these, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered to be most important as it causes yearly outbreaks of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), such as bronchio-

3 Classification of the Process in different phases (I–VI) by means of the progression of the coefficient of friction as a function of the in- terfacial temperature (exemplary for

After the phytic acid solution dissolves aniline and disperses MWNT homogenously, the oxidative initiator is introduced into the mixed solution and the emeraldine PANI is then

The variety in the experimental designs and research practices adopted by researchers provided the material for a common assessment, within the research group, of the

Nous avons constaté aussi des taux bas de calcémie dans les 3 tranche d’âge de prématuré elle évalues pendant l’âge gestatationnel et le poids de naissance elle est

(Otherwise, there is no need for a relaxed terminal condition.) The answer is given in Section 3 in the case when φ is the Heaviside function: under some additional conditions, it

Repeated horizon- tal gene transfers triggered parallel evolution of magnetotaxis in two evolutionary divergent lineages of magnetotactic

After we first circulated our results in [14] and [7], we learned that for each n we consider, our configuration result had already been obtained [21, 25, 12, 9, 11, 8]