التربية البيئية وعلاقتهابتنمية الوعي البيئي لتلميذ المرحلة الابتدائية دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ الطور الثاني من التعليم الابتدائي ببلدية شتمة ولاية بسكرة

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ﻢﻴﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻄﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﷲﺎﺑ ﺫﻮﻋﺃ

» ﻢﻬﻠﻌﻟ ﺍﻮﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻢﻬﻘﻳﺬﻴﻟ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻳﺃ ﺖﺒﺴﻛ ﺎﻤﺑ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻇ

ﻥﻮﻌﺟﺮﻳ

«

ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ﻡﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ 41

» ﺎﻬﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺪﺴﻔﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺆﻣ ﻢﺘﻨﻛ ﻥﺇ ﻢﻜﻟ ﺮﻴﺧ ﻢﻜﻟﺍﺫ

«

ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ 85

ﻝﺎﻗ ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ )

ﺹ ( :

» ﺎﻬﺳﺮﻐﻴﻠﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻓ ﻢﻛﺪﺣﺃ ﻱﺪﻳ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﺍﺫﺇ «

- ﻥﺰﻛ ﺭﻮﺘﻜﻴﻓ ﻝﺎﻗ :

ﺎﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ ﲏﻄﻋﺃ ...

ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎﻈﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﺧﺎﻨﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ

ﻱﺃ ﻭ ، ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺶﻴﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺃ ﻚﻟ ﺩﺪﺣﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑﻭ ، ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣﻭ ﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺜﲤ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺃﻭ ، ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟ

...

ﻩﺮﻔﻐﺘﺴﻧﻭ ، ﻦﻴﺑﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺷ ﻩﺮﻜﺸﻧﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻛﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺣ ﺪﻤﺤﻧ، ﻦﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺗﻭ ﺓﻼﺻ ﻒﻟﺃ ﻲﻠﺼﻧﻭ ، ﻢﻴﻈﻋ ﺐﻧﺫ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺴ

ﻦﻴﻠﺳﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻠ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻧﺪﻴﺳ

ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﻟﺍ ..

ﺎﺋﺩﺎﺑ ﺀﺪﺒﺑ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻭ ،ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻪﻠﻀﻔﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ ﷲ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ

ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺃ ﻢﺛ ، ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺈﺑ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺧ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

ﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍﻭ

ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻟﺬﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻮﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻷﺍ

ﻪﺗﺍﻮﻄﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺣﺍﺮﻣﻭ .

ﻰﻟﺇﻭ ، ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻭ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻧﺮﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻛﻭ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺒﺑ ﺮﻀﻴﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ

ﺎﻬﻧﻮﻟﺬﺒﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻮﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺳﺎﻘﻠﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻼﺳ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻬﺳﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺑﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻓ

ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻤ .

ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻜﺸ

ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ

لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...

5

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺍ ...

...

...

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ...

...

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ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ...

...

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ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ...

...

...

ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ

:

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ...

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ﺎﺴﺩﺎﺴ

: ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ...

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ﺔﺼﻼﺨ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

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ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ

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30

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ...

...

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ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

: لﻔﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ...

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ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ

: ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ....

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لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

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57

ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ :

...

...

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59

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ...

...

...

-

-

ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ...

-

ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ،ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ، ﺀﻯﺩﺎﺒﻤ ...

ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ

: ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ...

...

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ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

:

ﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴ

. ...

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ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ

: ﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻏﺍﺩ ....

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ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ

: ﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ

..

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لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ...

...

ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

:

ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ :

ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ...

...

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ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

: ﻩﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻬﻨﻤ ...

...

ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ

: ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ...

....

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ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ

: ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ )

ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ (

. .

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

...

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ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ...

...

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ...

...

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ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ...

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ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ...

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ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ...

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ...

...

..

. ....

.

ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

: ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ...

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لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

...

.

.

ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ

ﻻﻭﺃ

: ﻎﻴﺭﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ...

...

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ

: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ...

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-1

لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ :

ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ

. ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻠﻝ

ﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒ

ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ

؟ .

-2

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ :

ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ

ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

؟ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻠﻝ ...

-3

ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ :

ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ

ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ

ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

؟ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ .

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ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ

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ﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻊ

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201

ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ

ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨـــــــــــــﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ

156 ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻭ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﺩﻋﻭ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ 01

157 ﻥﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 02

157 ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 03

158 ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 04

159 ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻓﺃ 05

160 ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 06

160 ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 07

161 ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 08

162 .ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 09

163 ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﻔﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 10

163 ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﻔﻨ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 11

164 :ﺓﺭﺠﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﺒ لﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 12

165 ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺤ ﻥﻭﺒﺘﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 13

165 :ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﻌﺒﻤ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 14 166 ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺥﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﻼﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻤﺭ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﺼﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 15

167 ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 16

167 ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺍ 17

168 ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 18

169 ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺩﺤ ﺭﺎﺠﺸﺃ ﻕﻠﺴﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 19

170 .ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺯﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓ 20

171 . ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤ ﻕﻠﻐﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 21 172 . ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺎﻬﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 22 173 .ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﺼﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 23

174 ﺓﺭﺠﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﺘﺤﺇ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 24

174 . ﺓﺭﺠﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 25

175 . ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻕﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 26 176 ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺩﺤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻯﺩﻤﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 27 176 : ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺩﺤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 28

177 . ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺩﺤﺒ ﺀﺎﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 29

ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ

179 ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 32

180 ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ 33

180 ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 34

181 ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 35

181 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 36

182 ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 37

183 ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻴﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ .

38

183 . ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 39 184 .ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 40 185 ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ

ﻡﻬﻓﺩﺎﺼﺘ

41

185 ﺕﻗﺅﻤ ﻡﺃ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻭﻫ لﻫﻭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 42 186 ؟ﻪﺠﻭﻤ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻡﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ لﻫ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 43 187 . ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 44 187 ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 45 188 ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻭ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 46

أ

و نا ادا

ا ا اآ رد" # $ﺏ و $ &

ر'( نأ و ) ت' + , نأ -( . $ /ا #,ﺱ رﺏ و ، 2 3ﺱأ .

/5 $6 /7 تا'(8 ﺏ نا 9: ;را /ا /ا <=ر و

ه ?:? ﺹ6 #ﺏ :

ا ﺏ نا ?B CD Eو ، ا و Cا ، ن

ا ما /ا G ، ر(8Hا # ﺏ رI6 ا ا ت:7)ا # ا تزﺏ =''67

ة7ا # ةد ةآ ءاM=أ <أ NرHا

" د7 O در ' تاذو ?' ﺏ إ R

(;ﺏ ةد$ $5 نا ة <,ﺹأ ﺏو ، ,ا ت6ﺉ7ا عا'أ ﺵ ة, .

مه 2 ر2.آ ا رو V6ﺏ و راﺱO

تا W; Hا XIآ و نا ة

ا '6ا ض5

ل:[ﺱOا #ﺏ 9:ا ﺵ 3( Hا Rﺹأ ، ا ﺹ6 /ﺹا'ا

G # ءا'ﺱ ا و نا ل:[ﺱOا

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مء: ﺱ ﺏ ﺏ و نا ت\و

هأ و 6ه # و ، $ﺹو ا و

# $$=ا' ﺏ ا'ا و $ وV كرا و C$5ا نا داإ ا ﺏا رود /و ر 6 /ا ل:8 # ت:7) آ'ﺱ

R" ا " 59ا' و

'ا آ'ﺱ و ^75 # ءM=

.

ت'7 كاردا نإ ا

#\

/ا و دا _ ا 'ا 6 C$7

ﺵ ل:8 # ا C$(, - C$ 3ﺱأ '( و ا C$آ'ﺱ

W; ^E

/او ا ﺹ6ا

\أ W9ا'ا W; - ﺏEا /5ا تار$ 6

ا ت:7)او $ﺹو ا V ,ا ^E آ) ﺏEإ W9ا' دEإ [ﺏ

.

'ﺏا 'V6ا و ﺱ'ا

3Hا و ل5ا "6ا 'ه ن'7 G /ا /= دا

و`ا - و ، اا 6ا a, و )ا ر2ا #, و ا , /5ا / ى8أ $= # 'ﺏا تﺱ`ا و $= # 'ﺏا cاا ((; a را ا ف و Cا eﺱو

تهEOا

ا 62ا'ا ئد سh و

=''7ا

9 و ,,"ا تآ'ا

ا ا ﺏا Mﺉآر ) ف$ﺏ Eا و د5ا

Hا Hا W; ا طﺱو 'ﺏا cاا و 5;ا ت'او را'2

.

ب

ل:8 # تMآر G Eا و ا /اا W; و 5;ا ﺱارا ل8دإ ل:8 # اIه و ﺵ6ا ى ا l,ا 6 $Eاﺏ

#\

cاا ﺏ

را ا ﺱ ﺉاﺏOا

Mﺉآر I:ا # [ﺏ

ﺹ8 ﺱارد تاو جاردإو ﺱارا 37ا W; ا Cا eﺱ و ا ﺏا 5ا XIآ و ﺏ

\ يدا'6ا $V6 ا ﺱرا ا ت2)6او تاء ﺱرا

هhو ...

6و ا ﺏا #ﺏ 9:ا # W)7ا ﺱارا ل:8 # لو,6ﺱ a(6ا اIه # و

ا I ا 'ا ﺉاﺏOا

$E لو,6ﺱ ا ﺱارا فاهأ ف'9'ا [ﺏ

ﺱ <ﺵ او $'" W; ل:8 # ل'"

.

و لوا ا

عﺽ ارا

3ا'= W;ﺏ 2او ﺱارا 7) , لو6 و

تا[و ع'N'

ﺱارا بﺱأ , هﺏ و ﺱارا تOؤ ح2 و $6ﺏ 9:ا و G,ا

ﺏا تﺱارا و ﺱارا Cه5 , C? $ اهأ XIآ و $هأ و .

نا ا ا :

!"ا و !#$ا ، $هأ ل:8 # اIه و ، ﺏا م'$5 6و6 G

"ﺉ"8 9: ل:8 # اIه و ﺏ ﺏا 9: C? $ اهأو ، $5ﺉDو ، $

نا و ﺏ

ل:8 # اIه و /5( ﺱرا ا ﺏا 6و6 هﺏو ا لE ﺏا رود XIآ /5(ا

\9و ﺏ /5(ا Wو ا ﺏا و ا

C?

\ا ﺏا و ، /5( ا

ا /5( ,"ا pﺏ $9: و ....

6و6 هﺏ و مها

آ ﺱرا ل:8 # ﺏ ﺱرا

=ا

ت(ا C? 'ﺏ

ا و 'ﺏا رﺵ a( ()Hا و

: ر و ةر'( و = ، 5V ﺱ إ 69( هﺏ

ﺱرا ()Hا و ا ﺏا .

/"5ا نا %ا :

!&$ا 'ه ) ! !"ا !#$ا *رﺕ ﺉا$-ا

#ﺉا./ا ) 9 و

ى'ا و ، $"ﺉ"8 ، $ﺉد XIآو $ ;را ر'(ا ل:8 # ا ﺏا م'$5

اهأ ﺱارا cه6ا رود ل:8 # ي'ﺏا ج$6ا ا ﺏا إ 69( C? $ 6و6 هﺏ و ﺱارا cه6ا ا ﺏا C تﺱﺱأ C? ا ﺏا فاهأ W5;

ِا و ا ا ا ﺏا ل:8 #

^رود و # ا #'7ا هأ

رودو ، ا ﺏا حE ا ﺏا C Cا

و

\أ /ﺉﺱ'ا و تاودHاو c$6ا رود

ج

='hاﺏ ا cه6ا و ق(ا W; ل:8 # ﺱرا /8اد ا ﺏا C

، ا ﺏا lر ا ﺏا جد ,و 9إ د'$= جذ 6و6 هﺏ و

ﺱارا تارا .

أ نا ه و 0ا#ا ا :

و 1$!2هأ !"ا 4ا 1$!2ﺕ ت!6

N C? 'ا م'$5 C

ا 'ا

' ي'ﺏا ج$6ا إ 69( هﺏ و ( و هأ ، '$5 ل:8 #

G ^I56 تMو ا جرا

و Cا و ﺱارا ةدا اIآ و ^I56 تM 6ﺹ

;ا إ 69( هﺏو ا 'ا 6 هرود

=Oا 'ا 6 ﺱرا

;ا #ﺏ 9:ا C? ا

=Oا

# ا فاهHا هﺏو ، ﺱرا sﺱ'ا ﺏاو

ر'V6 ;ا

=Oا

;ا ق2 و

=Oا إ هﺏ 69( C? ا لE

ﺱارد ل:8 # ﺏا Cا ا 'ا 6 جذو ا 'ا 6 /ﺉﺱو tﺏ

ﺏا ى'ا برEا .

) *7ا ا أ

ار& !/82ا تاءا#ﺝ;ا G

ى'ا ﺱارا تOE c$6ا و

تا -= تاودأ و ، ﺱارا م;ا .

و سد>ا ا

1!) ﺕ ض#4 ت!"ا !&@ﺕ و صB7$او

ارا 'ﺉ$

u5 C G

لواEا ﺉ9 جاردإ C? ﺱارا 8 6و6 هﺏو ا cﺉ6ا إ /ﺹ'ا C? $,و تا a:ا و ....

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

5

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ﻡﺜﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ

ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ

ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ .

6

ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ :

ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺭﻤﺃ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺌﻴﺒﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻤﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻠﻝ لﻌﻓ ﺩﺭﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺜﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤ ﻡﻗﺎﻔﺘ

ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻻ ﻪﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺭﺎﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ

ﺩﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻡﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺯﺎﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ

ﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻯ ﻀ

ﻱﺭ ﺩﺩﻬﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ

ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﺒﺎﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻐﻠﻝ ﺹﻠﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﻑﺍﺭﺠﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻨﻻﺍ

ﺏﺘﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻑﺍﺯﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻻﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺕﺴﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻀﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ

1...

، ﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓﻭ

ﺠﻷﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻊﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺘﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ لﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﻴ

،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﻀ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ

ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻤﻭ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ

ﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫ

لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺈﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻤﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒﻝ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺠﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺍﺭﺴﻹﺍ ﺏﺠﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎ

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻜﺃﻭ ﺕﻌﺴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴ ﺩﺍﺭﻐﻠﺒ لﻤﻋ ﺔﺸﺭﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﻌﻨﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺭﻤﺜﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻴﻗﺃ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ 1975

ﺭﺩﺼ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻭﻜﺴﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻐﻠﺒ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤﺒ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺸﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻜﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻝ ﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻲﻨﻁﻭ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻌﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﻻ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺼﻋ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪ

ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﻪﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒ

-1

ﺃ . ﺩ . ،ﻲﺴﻴﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ

: ،ﻡﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻗ )

ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ

ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍ (2003

ﺹ ، .175

7

ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻪﺘﻁﺸﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﻪﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ 1

ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﻘﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺠﻭﺘ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ 1976

ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺒ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﺒﺘ ﻲﻗ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺎﻴﺠﺭﻭﺠ

ﻡﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺼﺇ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ 1977

ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺵﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﺇ .2

ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ

ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﺭﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺨﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﺒ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘﻭ ﻪﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼ

ﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ لﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻘﺘ ﺔﺌﻴ

ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺃ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭ

ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻤ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝ ﻡﻬﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻡﻬﺴﺭ

.

ﺩﻌﺒ لﺼﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻝ ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ

ﻪﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤ لﻜﺒ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﺭﻏ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻱﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ،ﻩﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ

ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﺼﺘﻘﻤ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﻻ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ

-1 ﺃ . ﺩ . ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺴﻴﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ .176

-2 ﺩ . ،ﻙﻭﺭﺒﻤ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ ﺭﺤﺴﻭ ،ﺭﻤﻗ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻡﺎﺼﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻠﻝ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺤﻨ

، ) ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ

،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ (2004

ﺹ ، .78

8

ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕ

ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﺴﺭﻭ ﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻡﻋﺩﻤ ﻕﻴﺸﻭ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻪﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤ

لﺎﻌﻓﻭ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻭ ﻲﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ .

ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﻻ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻓ

ﺕﻻﻭﻴﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ

ﻡﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺦﻴﺴﺭﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭﺃ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﺭﻗﻷﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻕﻴ

ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ

ﻁﻤﻨﻭ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

ﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻱﺩﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴ

ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ...

ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ

ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ

ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻑﻴﻴﻜﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﻕﻠﺨﺒ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺘﺤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ،ﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﻰ

ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ لﺎﺠﻤ

ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ لﺎﻴﺠﺃ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﺒ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻪﻠﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗﻭ ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺒ .

ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻭ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻜﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ

ﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﺜﻴﻤ ﺹﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﺈﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭ

9

ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺘﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺨﺘﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺫ

ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻤﺠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻗﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺜﻴﻭﻠﺘ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍﻭ

1ﺎﻬ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،

ﻁﺨﺘ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﻴﺴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﻴ

ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﻹﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﻀﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،2

ﻋ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻰﻠ

ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ :

ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ :

؟ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﺘ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ .

ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ :

-1 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

؟ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ -2 ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ

؟ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ -3 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﻫ

ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ

؟ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ

ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ :

ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻓﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ

ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ :

-1

،ﻉﻭﺎﻁﻤ ﺕﻤﺼﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ

ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ

، ) ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ (2001

ﺹ ، .85

-2

،ﻲﺒﻠﺸ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

، ) ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ (1996

ﺹ ، .96

10

.1 ﻲﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻉﺎﻨﻗﻹﺍ

ﻷﺎﺒ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴ

ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .

ﺕﻔﻝ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ

ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺇ

ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﺠﺍﺭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ

ﺍﺭﺩﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺝ

ﺴ ﺔﻴ .

.ﻗ1 ـ ﺔﻠ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ

ﺹﻘﻨ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .

. ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ

ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ .

ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ :

لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻌﺒﻁ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤ

ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،لﻤﺎﺸﻭ ﻡﻅﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺒ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻡﻬﻝ ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺢﻀﻭﻨ :

ﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻪﻝﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺙﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝ

ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﻲﻨﻼﻘﻋ ﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻜﻷﺍ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝ

ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ .

ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﻜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘﻭ

،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ

ﻥﻷ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺴﺭﺘﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﻋﻭ

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ﻪﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻲﻔﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻴﺒ ﻪﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﺒﻁﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﻠﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﻪﺌﺸﻨﻨﻭ ﻪﻴﺒﺭﻨ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺎﻴﺌ

.

ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ :

ﺽﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ :

- لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻡﻫﺃ

ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻱﺃ ،ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ .

- ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ

ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ .

- ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻪﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ

ﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ .

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ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ :

ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ :

ﺃ - ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ :

ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ :

ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ :

ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻐﻠﺒ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺭﻤﻗ ﻡﺎﺼﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﺩﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻤﻭ ﻉﺍﻭ لﻴﺠ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ

ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ .

ﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺠﻭﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﺩﻬﺠ ﺎﻀﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤﺒ ﺎﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ

ﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻗﻭ ﺓﺎﻴ

ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻠﻝﻭ ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺴﻷﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﻝ 1

ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺨﺃ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﻤﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺢﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ

ﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﺘﻭ ﻡ

ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻘﻴﺯﻴﻓﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻁﺨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻬﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫ

. ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﺘﻭ

ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﻴﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻪﺒﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻫﻭﺤﻨ .2

ﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﺫﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻴ

ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻬﺴﺇ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ

-1

ﺃ . ﺩ . ،ﺭﻤﻗ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻡﺎﺼﻋ

،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ )

ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺏﺎﺤﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1 ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎ

(2007 ﺹ ،

ﺹ -40 .41

-2

ﺩ . ،ﻰﺴﻭﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ

، ) ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،1 (2007

ﺹ ، .37

13

ﺍ ﻰﺘﺸﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺃ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝ

ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﻡﻬﺒﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﻴ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﻭ ،لﻤﺎﻌﺘﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ

ﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺴﻴﺴﺎﺤﺃﻭ ﻩﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻴ ﺎﻫﻭﺤﻨ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍ

.1

ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ :

ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ :

ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔ

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﻊﻤ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻋﺇ ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻉﺍﻭ لﻴﺠ ﺩﺍﺩ

.

ﺏ - ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ :

:

ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻠﻝ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ :

ﺩﺩﺤﻴ

"

ﻥﻭﺴﻠﺘﺃ "

ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ

ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

"

ﺕﻨﻴﺒ "

ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﻴﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ

ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﺴﻭﺴﺤﻤ ﻑﻼﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺤ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺜﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻼﺴﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴﻭ

.2

ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ .

ﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻪﻴﻋﻭﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ

ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻪﻔﻗﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﻔﻁﺎﻋﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ

-1

ﺩ . ،ﺩﺎﺠ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻰﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﻜﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ

) ﻁ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،2

(2007 ﺹ ﺹ ، -95

.96

-2

ﺩ . ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻰﺴﻭﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ -38

.39