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Purely Periodic beta-Expansions in the Pisot Non-unit Case

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HAL Id: inria-00071966

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071966

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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Purely Periodic beta-Expansions in the Pisot Non-unit Case

Valerie Berthe, Anne Siegel

To cite this version:

Valerie Berthe, Anne Siegel. Purely Periodic beta-Expansions in the Pisot Non-unit Case. [Research Report] RR-4619, INRIA. 2002. �inria-00071966�

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ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--4619--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 3

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Purely Periodic beta-Expansions in the Pisot Non-unit Case

Valérie Berthé — Anne Siegel

N° 4619

Novembre 2002

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes

IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)

Téléphone : +33 2 99 84 71 00 — Télécopie : +33 2 99 84 71 71

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes

IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Éditeur

INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

Références

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