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Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques

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(1)Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques Jugurtha Kariche. To cite this version: Jugurtha Kariche. Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques. Géophysique [physics.geo-ph]. Université de Strasbourg, 2018. Français. �NNT : 2018STRAH015�. �tel-02154865�. HAL Id: tel-02154865 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02154865 Submitted on 13 Jun 2019. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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