Influence of the drag force on the average absorbed power of heaving wave energy converters using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

56789

!"# $%&' (#

)* # + "&&*#

,#+-#^./0 / +1234#+⁵ /6789*:;⁵ /<#+#=#)#=#^. >^.

?@A?BCDEFG HIJKLMN '##OPQRSTUVSWXYZ

[\]VS\^_USR`aRWbYZcYd\efghQViWjYZ kTSRTUhRlUWmYZnS\opWbYqgrQVgoV\s TpVdSRht\SoV\gTpVuvVSRhV uwx\SwVab\yVS\szVRvUgh{RvV

|gVSh}~\gvVSTVSxxUghke\\TpVa bRSTUo`Vz}aS\a}gReUoxY€765‚5.W

ƒ„W…†‡YpTT]xˆ‰‰a\UY\Sh‰

Š‹Y……Œ‹‰yŠ…‹…‹…†‡

uoRaVeUo|aUT\SˆURgh}QzQ [VoVUvVaˆ…ŠdVoVewVSŽ‹Ž‹

uooV]TVaˆŽjRgQRS}Ž‹ŽŠ

bQw`UxpVaˆŽtVwSQRS}Ž‹ŽŠ

+#,OcdbqxTR}xgVQ^

TSR`yUTpSVhRSaT\‘QSUxaUoTU\gR`o`RU^ exUg]Qw`UxpVaeR]xRgaUgxTUTQTU\^

gR`Rs’`URTU\gxY

'2&#O“Ž‹ŽŠw}TpVRQTp\SxY”U^ oVgxVV cdbqW•RxV`W kyUTiVS`RgaY npUxRSTUo`VUxRg\]VgRooVxxRSTUo`V aUxTSUwQTVaQgaVSTpVTVSexRgao\g^

aUTU\gx\sTpV~SVRTUvV~\ee\gxuT^ TSUwQTU\g–~~ •—˜`UoVgxV–pTT]xˆ‰‰

oSVRTUvVo\ee\gxY\Sh‰`UoVgxVx‰w}‰

‡Y‹‰˜Y

Š dV]RSTeVgT\s~UvU`|ghUgVVSUghW_pVgTgUvVSxUT}WnVopg\`\hUV]RSl™‹WŒ‹šŽ›yU‘gRRSaVW•V`hUQeZ mUol}YkTSRTUhRlUœ_VgTYwV–mYkY˜ZbVTVSYnS\opœ_VgTYwV–bYnY˜

Ž |gvUS\geVgTR`bp}xUox”Rw\SRT\S}–|bp}x”Rw˜W~qc^mq_WgUvVSxUaRaVaVmUh\W…™…Š‹mUh\Wk]RUgZ bRw`\YS\]VS\YhUSR`aRœQvUh\YVx–bY[Y^_Y˜Z‘ea\eUghQViœQvUh\YVx–jYcYdY˜

0 ~\SSVx]\gaVgoVˆXUo\`RxYPQRSTUVSœ_VgTYwV

OqgTpUx]R]VSWyVUgvVxTUhRTVap\y TpVRaaVaeRxxWTpVp}aS\a}gReUoaRe]UghRga TpVaSRho\Vs’oUVgT\sR{RvV|gVSh}~\gvVSTVS–{|~˜oRgwVoR`oQ`RTVaQxUghdQR`kbz}xUoxY dQR`kbz}xUoxUxRx\sTyRSVR]]`UoRTU\gTpRTR]]`UVxTpVke\\TpVabRSTUo`Vz}aS\a}gReUox–kbz˜

eVTp\aWR”RhSRghURgeVxp`VxxeVTp\aQxVaUgRhS\yUghSRghV\sR]]`UoRTU\gxyUTpUgTpV’V`a

\s~\e]QTRTU\gR`t`QUad}gReUox–~td˜YtQSTpVSe\SVWTpVVssVoT\sTpVaSRhs\SoV\gTpV{|~žx e\TU\gRgaRvVSRhVRwx\SwVa]\yVSUxRgR`}iVaYbRSTUoQ`RS`}QgaVSo\gTS\``Vao\gaUTU\gxRgaUgTpV SVx\gRgoVSVhU\gWTpVaSRhs\SoVwVo\eVxxUhgU’oRgTRgaoRghSVRT`}SVaQoVTpVRvVSRhVRwx\SwVa ]\yVS\sRpVRvUgh]\UgTRwx\SwVSYgoVTpVaSRho\Vs’oUVgTpRxwVVgaVTVSeUgVaWUTUxQxVaUgR e\aU’VaVŸQRTU\g\se\TU\gUgTpVsSVŸQVgo}a\eRUgWTRlUghUgT\Roo\QgTTpVVssVoT\sTpVaSRhs\SoVY npSVVaUssVSVgTeVTp\axyVSVo\e]RSVas\STpVoR`oQ`RTU\g\sTpVRvVSRhVRwx\SwVa]\yVSˆ`UgVRS ]\TVgTUR`r\yTpV\S}W`UgVRS]\TVgTUR`r\yTpV\S}e\aU’VaT\TRlVTpVaSRhs\SoVUgT\Roo\QgTRga dQR`kbz}xUoxYnpUxo\e]RSUx\gxp\yVaTpVo\gxUaVSRw`VVssVoT\sTpVaSRhs\SoVUgTpVSVx\gRgoV SVhU\gY~R`oQ`RTU\gx\sTpVaSRho\Vs’oUVgTyVSVoRSSUVa\QTs\STpSVV]\UgTRwx\SwVS{|~xˆ\gV x]pVSUoR`{|~RgaTy\o}`UgaSUoR`{|~xYkUeQ`RTU\gxUgSVhQ`RSyRvVxyVSV]VSs\SeVas\S\gV o}`UgaSUoR`{|~yUTpTy\aUssVSVgT]\yVSTRlV^\ss–bn˜x}xTVexˆR`UgVRSaRe]UghRgaR~\Q`\ew aRe]Ughbnx}xTVeYnpV~\Q`\ewaRe]Ughbnx}xTVe yRxRaaVaUgTpVgQeVSUoR`o\Q]`Ugh wVTyVVgdQR`kbz}xUoxRgabS\‘VoT~pS\g\YtQSTpVSe\SVWyVo\gxUaVSVaTpV\]TUeR`bnx}xTVe aRe]Ugho\Vs’oUVgTTRlUghTpVVssVoT\sTpVaSRhs\SoVUgT\Roo\QgTY

 &!OkbzZ{|~ZaSRhs\SoVZ]\yVSTRlV^\ss–bn˜x}xTVeZdQR`kbz}xUoxZgQeVSUoR`o\Q]`UghZ eQ`TU]p}xUox

.9#

{RvVVgVSh}UxR]\TVgTUR`x\QSoV\so`VRgV`VoTSUoUT}TpRToRgeRlVRxUhgU’oRgT o\gTSUwQTU\gT\TpVaV^oRSw\gUiRTU\g\sTpVy\S`ažxV`VoTSUoUT}xQ]]`}YuyUaVvRSUVT}\s aVvUoVxT\pRSvVxTyRvVVgVSh}Wlg\ygRxyRvVVgVSh}o\gvVSTVSx–{|~x˜WpRvVwVVg aVxUhgVa\vVSSVoVgTaVoRaVx¡Š¢Yz\yVvVSWg\gV\sTpVe pRvV}VTRopUVvVaTpV`VvV`

\sTVopg\`\hUoR`aVvV`\]eVgTgVVaVaT\wVVo\g\eUoR``}vURw`V¡Ž¢YnpVT}]V\s{|~

xTQaUVaUgTpVoQSSVgTSVxVRSopUxTpVpVRvUgh]\UgTRwx\SwVSW\gV\sTpVe\xTUgvVxTUhRTVa T}]Vx\s{|~x¡…¢YnpVxVaVvUoVxT}]UoR``}o\gxUxT\sRr\RTUghwQ\}e\vVaw}TpVyRvVx Rgao\ggVoTVaT\Rbnx}xTVeWypUopo\gvVSTxTpVr\RTžxe\vVeVgTUgT\V`VoTSUoUT}Yqg

\SaVST\RxxVxxTpV]VSs\SeRgoVRgaxQSvUvRwU`UT}\syRvVVgVSh}o\gvVSTVSxWypUopRSV gVoVxxRS}s\SV£]`\UTUghyRvVVgVSh}WTpVSV`RTVayRvV^UgaQoVap}aS\a}gReUos\SoVxRga {|~e\TU\gxpRvVT\wVUgvVxTUhRTVaYbp}xUoR`V£]VSUeVgTxRSVyUaV`}QxVaZgVvVSTpV`VxxW TpV}pRvVvVS}pUhpo\xTxRgaSVŸQUSVRpUhp`VvV`\sV£]VSTUxVWRgaxoR`UgheR}wVo\eVRg Ue]\STRgTUxxQVUgx\eVoRxVxYgTpV\TpVSpRgaWgQeVSUoR`eVTp\axpRvVwVo\eVvVS}

€765‚5.Wƒ„W…†‡YpTT]xˆ‰‰a\UY\Sh‰Š‹Y……Œ‹‰yŠ…‹…‹…†‡ pTT]xˆ‰‰yyyYea]UYo\e‰‘\QSgR`‰yRTVS

8 ! "#!!

$%&'$#!! !

! %%% (&

) "*+,-#!% !. !/$0123&'"-#!#! "*+,!3 48%"

!*+,5&6!!8!7-# # /+)89: !!! ; ! !*+,&<!8!! !*+, !- %% $ !$

&=! !#$7 *+,

!"!7&>$;$#! "

*+,?!8%!"!; 8"

2#,<@A,< @B! &=! ,<@

! ! !7% &@%%!$%

"!! C8DE&@%"$%! 8!7% ! !"#!"

! !7$$"&@!%$ ! #%28!,<@! !$" 8#!! 1! >9 A1>9B! %"!# DD0D&6 #!!!7% ! 81>98!- . 8

8!$#!!$ !/$0123 "!#!! D&=!!F""

2!1>9! $"$#!"7-#

#!#$08!!$" !#2&6D(8!

! %%# "1>9 ;$ $&6D48D:8!!G !%!1>9 !%#%% G#$&6!!8! 7#@1>9DA$%###& &!&"B %!! "; %%&<!8

@1>9!% DC#!>H,!E8%"! !>=8 % !&=!#!$%

$%! "!#$0" -"

*+,AD:8D0B&

+"!! ;-"% !% %

#!,<@(0: #!1>9&=! ";!% "

1>9C0D8%! # ;G % &6!

!8!%%#! -" I!

# &=! ";! #!@1>9

$ #! $,<@!!!

#!G ! 8&=! A!3 B!%G 2!! "

%#"! " !)3<&<8 ! %% # !$"*+, "! " 8!G !1>9! &=!

% "# 2 >=8I ,%

&6 !,% >=8 #!@1>98!

@1>90>H,!"#G &

=!". #I1 %!%! 1>9 @1>9?1$ ! ! "# %!! "; ! ; 3! !! "?1! ! ?1( !%

8 !"#$%8 #&'(()##*

5+,-../012345/67819:25.2:;4-67<=>?48,39:<67<

!"#'' !"@8)#@A@ )''#)%BC*D !"8E#F '#)#'8(#8'#@'G (H(I JKG'(G '#*L#G#G'#'M

'##J#08)#E#%G

@NOPQ8Q88RST* UV9VWXY34Z[Z\]^_12[XZ`

LH(I JK) !"(#@' #'#*L@@@#K(aKOQT OT8'#(*D)K8'#'''#1

##8)b'#G'#c def

d2gh

i

b

j_b

kl_bml1

n_bn₁ mo_1b p

q10_1bmr OQT dn1

d2g

i

bj_bsefhe_tuq10_1bmvNw1

i

bx_1byq10_1bj_b

n_b OT )j@8e(#8l'8nr(##* 0_1b'J#'#G)'#1 b*D)J8z#JP&S''8#'J) M#'G@OPQ{ST*|@(z#J G''J8#BG# '8 (J')J*}@#GP~S*L @ #M#KOaKOTT

#@#%8G@'(@#G@ '%OPIST*D''8#'' @ PQS''8#G'('#@##

'%G)J'#@'#@*L @ x_1bJ)@c

x_1bgsn^€_bhn^€₁u^ft

‚_ft‚ ^OT )_ftgfh_t)_ƒG''#„n^€G@# 8K#OnT#On^†Tcn^€gnhn^†*

o_1b'%#(#@8''PQSc

o_1bg

‡ˆ

‰

hŠw_1b‹1b

n_1b e_ftŒ_ft

 e_ftŒ_ftŽ OT )e_ftge_fhe_t8e_ƒ(#'#„8j__1bg^Ne₄^ftŒft

1bm8w_1bg*Rsw₁mw_bu @'8g*QNŠ#%#''' OPQST*L%#(#@8o_1b8@@@ KG H@I#@%#(#)@ ## GF !" #@8))JPQS* !"##

@#(#$)(8@'#@G@'@ ''G#G‘Ma'@

!"!!#$$8%##&''()#*+(8,- ''')*!#*.##*#-*!/#012$##* 342##8*&*###!/$###** !*#2*##.*"##*1&* !#$#*56#72 0#!!#*#$*$20!*#*"!*#2 .*#1$0!*(8*"!#*

9₁:⁵⁶_<^;'

=

>

?;₁

;_'

@_<

A( B

C )D-

0!<:E#!$2$*#**;_'#!*/*#2 FGFGHIJKL14MNIKLO2OIK6

P*342##8!*##2#$#0!!!

#&*#)Q&*#)(-*)--##/$##.40.8 !$#*"*"!*2*.*"!#*"*

!R*2$#*!7S.*"$7*.*

!#*2**#32*T*2U**#)3TU-*!.

!.*"*"0!$S"#**"$*2 7*40.8S##.$#.#*!*20*#

*!/8"$$$#!"*!#!*"*"!V)#+,- W!8!##*28*$!2#.#$###. !#

###0!*!73TU)3TU-$***2 342##8##*+,W!*2$3TU8"!#*

#*!/T*2$#!*.!$$#!/

!$#*!"!#* !*#2##*"7#*##*4 *$*8#$$#*+, !3TU!!#$.*#!0##0! #$!2#.#$##!*#*#"*7***!#X !"$0*!/**20!#"*7*S$*#

FGGYZI12OK[HILO36

342#!#!$22#/.*\#8#

#*.*+8D,8*##S*#.2*!#$$ !$*

##*"***2$]!/*"2#2#*"

!**"#S*!#*2$]2/$#10!*!

$#$$!1*R

^_]:

_

1^_]1 )`-

0!^_]#!$*##*"**2$]!/*"2*

^_]1#!$*##*"**2$]S2/$18 0!Q&*)(-+`,a*!*"*!/*"2#$8 !2b#***8##*"#"R

cLd L2:

_

]e_]^_] )E-

fLg L2:

_

]

e_]hi_]Ajkl^_] )- 0!c #!2b###8f#!**8d#!.28g #! *.28j#!*##8e_]#!##/*"*2$]

*i_]#!$#*/*"$]Q&*#)E-*)-*".* $!.2m_]!/*"$R

m_]:dnglhi_]Ajk )o-

1 !"#4$3!24

%&'()*+,&-./0-1(-2/3&)(/*40&(10)506(*,0*(-078(/*,(-39(&.)089:2 (8.-69(),0-.)08)-/*&0.-*/0-:)88./.-/7(*4((-7'()*/;<=>?*,0/&()(-*8@7((- /3))(//388@)318(:*A308B%C@/.)/;DE8F=0-:./3/(:.-*,./)0/(&*,(9:(8.-6

*,(%GH/@/*(9 0IJ+>

K.-(0&:091.-640/08&(0:@.918(9(-*(:.-*,()318.-684,.),./0118.(:,(&(&

*,(/.9380*.-4.*,08.-(0&:091.-6%GH/@/*(9 L/((JM30*.-LD<NN>

O_#PQ8R2STUV_#PQ8WR2S LD<N 4,(&(V_#PQ8./*,(8.-(0&%GH/@/*(9 :091.-6)(X).(-*0-:WR2S./*,(IJ+Y/,(0Z(

Z(8).*@>G,(A308B%C@/.)/[%&'()*+,&-9:(8./,(&((\*(-:(:4.*,*,(+3897 :091.-69:([email protected]*,(&)(:(/)&.7(:.-JM30*.-LDDN84,(&(V_#PQ8!./*,(%GH :091.-6)(X).(-*&0+3897:091.-6%GH/@/*(9>

O_#PQ8!R2STUV_#PQ8!RWR2SS LDDN 4,(&(V_#PQ8!./*,(+3897:091.-6)(X).(-*>

]^_`abcdcecfg

?-*,.//*3:@87*,8.-(0&1*(-*.08h4*,(&@0/4(880/*,(B%C9(*,:0&(0118.(:>

G,(&(&(8*,.//()*.-7(6.-/4.*,07&.(Z(&Z.(4*,(8.-(0&1*(-*.08h4*,(&@>i(\*8 4(:(/)&.7(,4 *,(,@:&:@-09.))(X).(-*/)0-7()913*(:3/.-6A308B%C@/.)/>

j.-088@84(:(/)&.7(,4*,((M30*.-9*.-70/(:-8.-(0&1*(-*.08h4*,(&@40/

9:.X(:**05(.-*0))3-**,((()**,(:&06&)(>k/),(90*.)Z(&Z.(4*,(

0118.(:*,(&.(/0-:(M30*.-/3/(:.-*,()3&&(-*/*3:@&*,()08)380*.-*,(9*.- 0-:*,(0Z(&06(07/&7(:14(&*,(/*3:.(:IJ+/./6.Z(-.-j.63&(D>

lmfno`7^B),(90*.)Z(&Z.(4*,(0118.(:*,(&.(/0-:(M30*.-/.-*,()3&&(-*/*3:@>

?-*,()08)380*.-*,(,@:&:@-09.))(X).(-*/0-:*,((M30*.-9*.-.-

*,(1&(/(-*/*3:@84(0//39(8.-(0&1*(-*.08h4*,(&@;p=84,.),./0/37/(*8.-(0&

40Z(*,(&@*,0*0884/*,(h3.:Z(8).*@8Wq8*7((\1&(//(:0/*,(6&0:.(-**,(*.9(

:(1(-:(-*Z(8).*@1*(-*.08rLJM30*.-LDNN>

W_qTsr LDN

%*(-*.08h4*,(&@905(//9((//(-*.080//391*.-/tL.N*,(h3.:./.-Z./).:8L..N*,(

h3.:./.-)91&(//.78(0-:L...N*,(h4./.&&*0*.-08;=>j3&*,(&9&(8.*./0//39(:*,0*

*,(9*.-0918.*3:(*,(IJ+./93),/9088(&*,0-*,(40Z(8(-6*,>?*./0//39(:*,0*

088*.9(2:(1(-:(-*Z0&.078(//).880*(4.*,*,(/09(40Z(0-6380&&(M3(-)@u8(-078.-6

*,(/(10&0*.-*,(*.9(:(1(-:(-)(&9 *,(*.9(2.-:(1(-:(-*Z(8).*@1*(-*.08r8 rRv8 8w82STx^yr^zRv8 8wS3^u2{

LDN

!"#$%&'! % %!%8% % ($ %

#$% %%)%%*+,! %*-../ 201828345₆7₈7

9

64 *-.

2 #$%8₆%"% ##$%8₈ " " ##$% %"9₆₄! "" ##$ % ")" *':.;+<&=%!%!"$8%$%

': ;+<""/% $ #%&>%$% # %";+<%""? %8 %"" % %?

""% %" "%"%@A&B8;+<C #

" % %?%

D0245E^FD0G43^6G2H

*-I.

D !";+<C #" %&J$%)K%C

%" % %"%) % !"!% %),! %*@A./

LGMD5N37N47N_OP7N_QRS *-.

N₃ !"%8N₄ !"

"%8N_OP !"$" %"N_QRS !"TBU$&= !" TBU$

% " %)TBU$8%)+,! %*-V.&+,! %*-. %?! %8%) %@A/

LGMD5N₃L6GWD7GXDLYDL6GW_QRS8ZD *-[.

W #%%$""$% " %)8X #\

%% """ 8Y$"%)%$"]% ,! Y5^_X₈X₈?%)\% !%"!?" #8 %"W_QRS8ZTBU$" %)]% % TBU$! %) ]%&: +,! %*-[.8 !""#C #% %

??%"8

D5 ^N3

LG0M7X47Y76G0W7W_QRS8Z4 ^*-.

+,! %*-.!%""%!"" )%>%&&

+,! %*-. %?!" ! # ) ??"Q1`@A/ Q<sub>1`</sub>5_R^-aR

V W_QRS8Z`024825^-W_QRS8ZGbDb *-c.

J% # !W_QRS8Z %? !"8 "%) # ) ?\

?"@A/

W_QRS8Z8de25 f

W7 g

G0M7X4L^Y_G h

*V.

i9ij3234M6k126dkdlm284d82k1M6nod3lpn63k2PqP6k_jr1ZsQm2P6nP

B """ 8$""$% " %) %"" )]% "%'! \

>Tt$?$!%%%) "%&B%;+< #%) "%)

!""#"##$%"

&'($)$)*

+,2-.1/01,22- 345 6,2-.1278/,22- 35

"1""#9"&'("$"#

:;9<"%8"#$$=₊$;""#;&'(8 " ""%%$8"%$8;>!?% $89

=₊,2-.,@2ABC@_D-1/01,22-AE2178/,22-F=₆,2- 35

"=₆,2-"#$$8"G9$HIJK8LMN*

=₆,2-.A⁴B@_DO_D6,2-P6,2-P.A⁴B@_DO_D,21-78/,22-P78/,22-P 35

"O_D";$$ !"#$$=₆,2-$)99)%; :;%"*'I3L5 Q9 %" $""$"I9; %;I$% !"R$"$99; ";

$S:";#""I$%$9

!"99$"JL4N

=₆,2-TA_UB@_DO_D,21-78/,22- 3L5 V8"$=₊,2- 'I35$) $8

$;%I$%$9*

=₊,2-.,@2ABC@_D-1/01,22-F,AE21A_UB@_DO_D,21--78/,22- 3W5

?%;""%%$$$99%"GI ""$9;""$$"'I35""$

$;"&'(8$$"XY>Z%$8=_[\],2- Z#8$9

$$"#)8$"99%:% ^99$"

JL8W88LN !"$$":"$=₊,2- 3'I3W55$;""#;&'($)$$""%%$

$$

_₄.<sub>`</sub><sup>a`</sup>

M =_[\],2-/01,22- 35

@.^_4FBC@_D1

21 35

'I35""$G$"&'(8@_D8$ !"

$%8)8 ; 89"8""#%;$G$$ G$:bc%#$3J8LN5 !"G$; 9))&'("$;";$"G:b c%#$8");9%;$$J8L8LN !"8""#

9"9"$&'(d9"G:b c%#$

1₄.<sub>`</sub><sup>a`</sup>

M =_[\],2-78/,22- 3K5 E.A₂₁¹⁴ 3M5

!"#!#!$%&%'(#!)*+"!*!

!**+!%&%$% !,#!*)&!)!-./0

!1!*234''(#%!!%+!* !#!"!**! #!"!**!!#!%!5%!*+ !%678'9!#!&% +*!)#!%8#!%!*&!%#%*%+%+,!)!: !!%

&+!+!#!%*,!)!;_<2

;_<4=¹⁷>:?1

@AB_<?1 7

(#!!!%!%#!*#&!#,#C!%+ !*D38+!, ##!%*,!)!+%!!%#!*!*!%* **%,#!EF

%#!%* #!"#!**!!!!6GG8F#!*H'I*%!*

*!*!*!%* 8!!#!+-JF+!#%!%-JF' I%!* !%6G8##!%*, !!*!%!5%!!%!%

!5%!!%!*&%*,+!'K!!%!!%#!C!% + !*%%!"#L*%!,'9#!#!*#%8#!*!*+ %*,%

&*!M5%!%%*,8"##%!!%!!L,*!'.!*)&

!%#!-./0+#*,##!*8!M!!%##!&

%*,+!+%!!%**!'0"!&!*8"*+6G8##!&

%*,!*+ &!*+*#!%*,7NO8"#!*!#!&*!M5%!%

%*,&!*7N7HO #!%*,'K*!M#!%%,,!!*!% #,#*!*!

%&!,*%!!*!,#,#"*&*!6G8'K*+%!!%

-./0!#!"*!*$" *%#!*!+!*

*)&'(#!*!!!#!!&*!*&!!*#!*!!% !!L,*!'K*!**%,#!#!&,EF%*#!%+*!*!)!%8 ,#!&!+%!'L*#!*+*!8688"%!%#*!*!*

*+ %*,#!+* *%*,*!8!% $"!*%&*!M

#!%%,8"#!*!P*%*,"%!*!%!,,!'

QRSTUV5W.#!+&!*&!"%!*!%*,*!,#!E&!!*,F&!*!*EF'

!"#$%&'((("" ) *#+,#- *$ )#$./0 ,*"$#1#-,(1+234567889365:(8

;_<9=8>36644?(@8 ABCDE88F#,),GF,8, #$8,#(",8, (+,+,#- *./08#(F,8,) H:7IAJDE5 KLKM34NO12NPQPR2S3TUV12NPQPRWP2NPQ1QX2S3=Y2NZ1>M1ZYNQ[\P3R]^N3Q2_Q^>VXNQ[2S3 TRR3^2PRM41[`P4^3a

b,+,)#*,c, +#(d,, ),,8 ,)1+!"#$%&'((8# d,"(,) F, #$e1+,5f+,#8 +((, (),-,#8)c,),g"# 8 $") *+,,,+,)#*,5h"+,8,8#8)c,),g"# +,-#$",

;_<9=8>8PY2(),-,)8( ,+#(d,, F-, +#+,)#*,c, +#(# e", , +,F8#$$ ,#&fi)#8F *,c, #+,#- *./0A(,,H8:7IE5

5565j ,#!#8F *&fi%(,8

f+,&fi ,8 #$ ,#)#8F *&fi ((,8 (1, #($$1( +, 8,)8# k

`_<9=8>l2m3n;_<9=8>Ol2m AE f+,8F$,G#8F$"),+,$ ,#)#8F *&fi((,8 ,(*-, d

`o_<9=8>lpm3nNp;_<9=8>qo AE r ),d# #8)c,),g"# 8 # )# ,1,(8#,+,F8#$

)#8F *,c, #s *#" +,,,+,)#*,8),c ,) /g"# AE8 +(,+#(d,1, +,,g", )8# 5r #c((,F8(#(("8,)+, ./0(($$# * ($$1#,5f+,)#*, # (#g"#)#,881++#

d,#FFG8#,)#($$1(d#$"$# *(h",(,,(# ),# * $+,c(

,g", 8F , A(,,#$(H:6IEk

Ol2m3t^uNpoq3^Np2v

AE wOl2m3npxq^oxaNQlp2m A:E nOl2myxOl2mxzn_{lpxq^oxmOl2m A7E w nOl2myxOl2mxzt

|

n_{lpxq^oxmNpoq3^Np2 }

A~E h$$ * +,,("$/g"# A~E +,)#*,*-,(

`<sub>O</sub>l2m3n<sup>6</sup>€<sub>X</sub>\<sub>X</sub>Ol2myxOl2mx AE w`_Ol2m3t

|

n_{€_X\_Xlpxq^oxmNpoq3^Np2 }

AE

! "#$%!&'% $'% (! (#&)

+*_,-._/01₂3₂4567^*6895*7 :+^*_,-.;*_<95*7

=!&8*;_< '>?!" >!&"!!@( # A&"(!')

.5B*7-+^*₃C+^*₄C+^*_DEC+^*_FGHC+^*_, : .5B*7-+^*₃C517*.95I7*.J7*.95I_FGH8K7*.95*;_<7*

7*- ^+*3

4.54BC18CJ8C954ICI_FGH8KC;*_<8 8!"L8 M!"(#!NO(# 8"!&! #!&"!!NO'L#"LA=!' ! (#&8! LL &M(&,^P428-,428.,428!>(8"!&!! (&>"!NOQL &M,428(!L& L &M!(#

"%& ,428RA

,428-.^S/_GE9T45283^.UVW R

"!S!"L!#!8U!"L'>(V_W!(%!"!&!!L&

@(%& L &M& & (8X! !(&&!A

Y! LL &M(&"&!NOQL &M,428 ('% M! )

,^P428-Z^[\_,95*73^9]\3⁹⁵²^

_

"!\,!!'% (,^P428!'% (,428(]\!

%!!>",^P428(,428A`'&(&'%%% ('' _)

.,^P428a6,^P4286b._/4\_,567^*68a,^P428 c : .,^P428a6,^P4286bZ

d

._/4\_,567^*68\_,3^9]\95*73⁹⁵² e

Y!"(%!L&&!'(&M ('A

+_,428-.01₂3₂,^P4286,^P4286-Z d

._/01₂3₂\_,4567^*683^9]\95*73⁹⁵² e

:+^*_,-._/01₂3₂\_,4567^*683^9]\95*7 R :+^*_,-.;*_<a95*7 R

"!

;*_<-_/01₂3₂\_,4567^*683^9]\ R

!"#$!"#%& ' (' !"#$!"#%)*+&!,-./' 0'% %

!)*1

-,2 ^3,3

4564789:8;5<4=,_>:68?64@8@_ABC8D8E4=,_>:::

FG_H%I_G'J(%& K%"%,-8'&

"' %'0##(%#&.

L #',-%8,=_> 0 # #%'!8%"%%

&#"!#%!"M N &M)* 0 # #%1

@_ABC8D8OP22 QR

RS4@8E4=,_>::8 T

64789:5^;5<4=,_>:6 6

U

...*#!0V!"MW/LXK!

Y K%'# W/LK! ""#%8W/LK! ' 0""'$!%

*#!0%!"MK! Z[1

3_ABC8=42:25@_ABC8=\?]^4H42::

('@_ABC8=*#!0%!"M N ./N'' K !"

_'''W/LK! ' 0%""'$!' K

%!`.,3_ABC8=(' (K'!0# !"#$

!"#%#'W/LK! ' 1 3,_ABC8=25

a6b-^,b^{@ABC8=?6,- `} / %' K !"868!"#%c'%N' ' K !".d(&'8 0"'& %c' K !"

%##'M'c'%'' K !"% M&'M0'0%

"(')*##'X ./''8#KN'' K !"

3_ABC8=42:'%0#(./(!3_ABC8=42: 0('#'

%!"MW/LK! ' (&#%!"M N @_ABC8D83e1

@_ABC8D83e2

a6b-^,b^{@ABC8= f} /@_ABC8D83e%.X @_ABC8D83e%"%)*+

&!"#%b-^,b8'&""' ##(%#&./&#

'@_ABC8=#%M!$!! &'M0'0%"('A_1H8@_ABC8=8OP28 0 !%

@_ABC8=8OP22^a6b-^,bg@_ABC8D8OP2 (@_ABC8D8OP2'! .

hijklmnolklopqrstkuvwoxykmsz

/!%%%'!{_|% '0%X .'""#%'

%')*1

} ~&M"'(%!'!8%%Z[._')*8%%%

!%K%'%K! %!"M('#!%(V#XWdK .

} ~ K#%' #)*(%!'.! %%'.!8%%Zf8`[8 '''''% K#%'€.

!"# #$%" $%"8&& '#(8)*+8

!###### &,#,%-!&&& '#"## ./0&

#&1&#"1'#1# 2345"10 ! !##61#"# #&'&

'()*+%-!#&&&"'#! 7&8-4&& #"&2#

"10'"."108-4&& #"5 !#9#0#.&.#1#&

"1#0#"10#:# &%

;1!#&!1#& !#&##!&#&# !#&## !#&!1#&

! ##0''&#!#901 .&.#&%&1!#&!&#&# !&

&!1#'#&#6 <##&8"#<#='#>?9#&8'#

!#<'" &&<&# #()+%-&!1#&##!&#&#@

#19#&.#.# ## !#1#.&1 8.!" #

& &# &2&##()+58!##&&###8 !#0#&#61# # .#"#&0: (+%

9#9#"1 &# 0&1"# #&11#'0 !#A';8B&&

&"'&&& #.#%

;"'&###' ! ## 1#&.'&CA<

"D'&2AD5":#A"D'&

2"AD58&#&.#;# %%D !;8B#&'&##"1# !# !#<

# #'#!E' 258! !#!"#:# &"

FG4B H_IJ$%)&(+%K&#" =0'#! "AD09#&0<

: .# ##&'&"1# AD%!#"AD&11#8 !##1'&9#

#&#6# #. !#.'1 #& !#&1!####"'!&"# !!#

110AD8#&'0&"#01.# ## !#&1!## !#@'%

:9&&&11#! :9&&#:# LJ$%$%<

:9&&&'#;8B(+&'&#1"'# &

&"1(+%K && #()M+ ! !& :9&&#&1&

#E'9# 7#" 9&&⁾LN_O$P2A58!!&0##"'!!0!#

! !##7#" 9&& #QRS$^TU"VW&%-!###8#

#'0 !#'"#&&1 '&#. :9&&&.#0LX

!#9#8 !&& 1###&# !#9'#LJ$%$!&.##19# 09#

!#.#& #&'& !#9 9#@'"#& & ' !#9#110 9#0&#6# # & & ' '#&(8+&& !#9'#'&#!#

&"'0 !##0'9#&%4 !#&#!## !#!"

#:# &YZ#"1' #&L&# .##E' /#8&#&.#

;# %%

-!#&1##&'&&# N_O$J)[

\I8!I.#0 !##1 ! !#

'"#9#.&%K &' ! 9#0##&#!#!#

#&' !# !#&1##&'N_O$&##&#%-!&.### !#

@'##N_O$ !#9&&C&& #()M+ ! !##E'9# 7#"

9&&&&#! !# :9&'& #" !& !#"⁾LN_O$P%=' !#

##&0N_O$#& 9#0# "#& #1& !####&&' ##&'&%

9#0## #& &#.90 !##1 #& #I]& '0 !#

#&'0!"#:# &Y8Z !#0#:# H_I8'# !E' &2582$5258#&1# 9#%-!#!"#:# &##

"1# #&'&" 1 # @ !#. #!FG4B !#0

#:# &"1# #&'&" 1#9'&#61#"# '"# #& &

" (^+%-!##&'& !#&#9#0## #& &##&.#;# )% -!#"&/# !#.&&&# .#0##'0! 9# !&#

&2&##=0'#)5%;1#&#&##19#&#&'"#"10 #&8! !#" #'0&##@# %

!"_# $%$ &'()('&*+( ,-$81./0- 1.2&/

345678

9:;<=>?@ABCDEFB5EF56GHDEICDJBKLMNLODPLFBE65JHQRJ5RQELCBKK5D6SKBDEGFLERRJLTK5D6SKBDEG GDFG65JLHDLOBETFUHDJDV

W@X>Y<Z [ Y\]^_: Y`<YY: a]

bc dcefg h ijg h klkmg nopqrskrqljih tukom vth olg fjlrkmg nowsjxukom vth olg

yD6 5JDKLM KIM LG B ETG HDRJLTK5D6 SKB DEGu

B GB FPJB DzQKHDK{DRB 6AILM |}~QFB KFB F LPM DG 5LKKIJLG DM QK5CUIG DG HDHQRJ5RQELCB KK5D6 SKB DEG FPDB ETG HDLRRDRCLFF€

LERG HDHQRJ5RQELCB KRLCUB ET

V‚HB FK5CUIG LG B 5EB FKLJJB DR5IG6 5JG HDHDLOB ET FUHDJDRDFKJB PDRB EFDKG B 5E

PQFB CIM LG B ETG HB FHDLOB ETFUHDJDB ELEB EOB FKB RzIB Rƒ „ …

†V †‡B EAILM |}~QFB KFVˆ‰ILG B 5EFƒ

‡LERƒ

‡LJDLUUM B DRB E5JRDJG 5KLM KIM LG D€

LER



V‚HD5PG LB EDROLM IDFLJDK5CULJDRG 5G HDOLM IDF6 5IERPQ‹ˆŒ~NHB KHLUUM B DF M B EDLJU5G DEG B LMz5NG HD5JQVŽ E5JRDJG 5TDGJDFIM G FK5CULJLPM DG 5M B EDLJG HD5JQG HDHDLOD LCUM B G IRDj56G HDFUHDJDB F{DUGJLG HDJM 5Nj …†V 7iVB ELM M QG HDJDFIM G F56€

LER

LJDRB FUM LQDRB ESTIJD

FH5NB ETG HLGAILM |}~QFB KFB FLPM DG 5LKKIJLG DM QK5CUIG D€

LER

LULJG6 J5C F5CDRB FKJDULEKB DFB EG HDM 5N6 JD‰IDEKQJDTB 5EV

Ž EG HD6 5M M 5NB ETFB CIM LG B 5EFKLJJB DR5IGG 5K5CUIG DG HDRJLTK5D6 SKB DEGu

„NB M M PDFDGD‰ILMG 5†V †3LFFITTDFG DRB E‘

’ V“FRB FKIFFDRB EFDKG B 5E

AILM |}~QFB KFFIU”

•–-$&$&($—- !) ,* &$(˜++˜$ -™$& $++ %™$ & ( ,$%&'(/

•š›œ›žŸ ¡›¢››£Ÿ

¤¥9¥¦§2¨©12¨ª«ª¬2­3®¯°4ª°¯«1©¨±²ª3¬³±¨3«2§1«°ª¬2­3´41µ²ª3¬³±¨3«2

¶ !—!$%(+ %™$²_°8)*·˜(¸+)((–— !¹º»˜&&

) & *! — !˜-'—((˜++˜$ -™$&&'$+$%( +++

- &&¼ $+((˜++˜$ -+ -'$%½/¾(&-'—$) & +—( ( ,$%&'(+&*+$¹$*˜&-—!$%(&( ,$%&'($ $$,&+

·—+¿À.Á/ÁÂ$–— !¹º»˜&&/Ãė $&¿Â $+¿ÁÂ) ''!+$+ !—!

¼ $+½/¾(*$+, !—&)-' +(, !—&—$+*˜ÅÃÆÇ»8)(( ''!&!$ '$ !·)(˜/È$+*$&—!&-' *!!$ (˜8 (( , -'!—+1(&'() &¸' (!)8 1.Á/0-/É$ !!˜8(&—!&

¼ $+½ +&'! ˜+$É%—Ê8&()$%( –— !¹º»˜&&) & *! — !˜ -'—¼ $+½8 ' - &-+&' $&$(!)Ëė$˜%$/

!""#$"!#%&'(")"*)%#+!%,-./0+!%,1 %,#2%!")# !"&

312456*)12&!"&&7,##+!%,! #%#8 9

:%,#))+!;&! *)%!&8"!#*%%" 7*%#%,#;"#$"!#%<₌8>+&

&#%%?##@*)%A9A&&*;;#&%#!BC9D&!&"*&&#!1#"%!986*)12&!"&

&*77%&E+ %%!)!%&%!$"!)F!&"&!%8#&*)%!;!F%#G&,#!;9 H%#G&,#!;!&#G7#"%#%?#7#&#%!#;!&+!%,,!;,+))"*F%*#8&*",&%,#

"#&,#F!;")!!")I.J8#&*)%&!&!;!$"%7%%,#%%);"#9 K,###8?!#@*)!%%!F#)&!&+&"!#*%%!F#&%!;%#%,#7#&#"#F%!"!%

!6*)12&!"&&! *)%!&9K,#")!!")I.J+!%,! #%#!A98 % A9 L")!#L+&&! *)%#!6*)12&!"&!#;*)+F#&+!%,MNA9O 8 PN98&(_QPR8SNAA-&T 8!&! !)+&+&#!#G7#! #%)&%*

!B8OC9K,#,!;,F)*#(_QPR8S+&",&#!#%!*"#);#7,&#!##"#

%,*&,!;,#)%!F#F#)"!%!#&,!;,F%#GU!*"#;9D@*)!%%!F#" 7!&

?#%+##%,#* #!")#G7#! #%) #)!&!&7)#!V!;*#8&,+!;%,#

;!%*#F%!"!%")"*)%#!6*)12&!"&%,#E+7%%#&&**!;%,#

I.J*!;#G7#! #%&9:%!&")#%,%6*)12&!"&&,+&,!;,F%!"!%%%,#&!#&

"#&%,#,#F!;I.J8&! !)%%,##&*)%&!%,##G7#! #%)"&#&%*!#

!B8OC9

K,#7#&#"#F%#G&,#!;*%,#,#F!;")!!")I.J!6*)12&!"&

&! *)%!&! 7)!#%,%%,##+&;"#"%!;%,#I.J9:%,## !#%,!&

&#"%!8+##%# !#+,#%,#%,!&;"#+&""*%#) #)#!6*)12&!"&

?")"*)%!;%,#;"#$"!#%<₌877)!;.@*%!349K,!&<₌+&")"*)%#

%,#%,##I.J&#&"!?#!1#"%!W#&7,#!")I.J%+")!!")I.J&9 :))"&#&8%,#F)*#&'(*&#!.@*%!34+##%,&#?%!# -./08+,!",!&%,#& #77",&))+#!BC9K,!& #&%,%<₌#&%

)""*%%,#F!&"*&U)!###"%&8?*%)&%,#U)!###"%&8&

)&#&"!?#!BXC9V!;*#Y&,+&%,##&*)%&%,#")"*)%!<₌*&!;%,#7U 7",#&"!?#!1#"%!98!##%%!&ZT=[8+!%,Z ?#!;%,#I.J\&

! #%#=[%,#!%#7%!")#!&%"#9K,#"F#;#"#)&#&#7# #

%,#&7,##&%*!#!BC+!%,1N98 PNX&8%,#")!#&%*!#!BY88OC8+!%, 1NA9A8 PN98&3")!#!V!;*#Y4%,#")!#&%*!#!B8OAC8+!%, 1NA9 PN9&3")!#!V!;*#Y49K,#<₌F)*#?%!# 7#F!*&

* #!")%#&%&#G7#! #%&7# #!B5C!&!&7)#&+#))]!%!&")#%,%

%,##&*)%6*)12&!"&"F#;#&%+&&)!;,%),!;,#F)*#<₌%,?%!#

!7#F!*&* #!")#G7#! #%)%#&%&90#7&&!?)##G7)%!+,%,#6*)U

!"#$##!#"#%_&!##!#$'"

"#(!)*+,+8$# #-#"##."#/#"0#$1#0

#,2$#($/8$#3!"0$1##0#(1#3#4

##05,6!#%_&"#1#0$0#$#05 (3$#0!#%_&1#0$!#$#0#$1#0789,#,8%_&*,,278:88

#-3#$#0#$#(#$#$$#0$!#" "#$0#$(! $"#$!#;## <=$3##$1#$>%0!#?#01#$@3,6!#

%_&"#1#0$0#$5(3$#0!#%_&"#0##$#0

#-3#$#789,#,8%_&*,,278:+88!#0$ #'#%_&(0##$#01 3#$$ #$3#!#"#0##$!#0#$,(#"#$8!33$!

((#0!#$##0##5$#.$#"#$! !$#$ 0##$A##7:8B,6!##$0#$3#$$#05($$#0 3#$0C*,0!#"#30#1*+,8$# "#$>%

0@3!##$0#$ 0#!#!#$##0##8(!!3$

#%_&0#3#01!>%0@37:8,

DEFGHIJK="#$ ###$0$ #'#%_& "$ $#$AB3!#$#(!1*,8C*L788AB 0#$(!1*+,+8C*,A0#$87:8B00#$(!1*+,8C*,A0#$878B,

M"#$"#(!#!#"#30#10!#!#"#3#$0C33#00$ !#

5#03#061#8(#!#1#0"#%_&,

NOPQI7K#"#30#10!#"#3#$0C33#00$ !#$#0(!54 3!#$RS=0(0$RS=8(#!#1#00$ #'#%_&,

TUVIHEWOQXYZ Z[QE\]IH7 Z[QE\]IH5

C78 L , ,

178 , +,+ +,

%_&748 +,^ ,: ,+

4103 1401!3"

#$%&'(&)*+,&-.&/&0&'&/12$&08*-',03.*-%*//2&0,'$'(&4567-8&(*)2/2$ /&9,+*/.*)&-:;(2--',03.*-%*//2&0,'$+3/%3+2$0&/8-2$%&&<=&/21&$'*+)*+20*'2$ /'(2-456.*-*)*2+*8+&/1 >?:;(&102@&0&A,*'2$1'2$2$%+,02$9'(&

&&%''(&0/*9/%&85A,*'2$BCD8.*-,-&0/'(&%*+%,+*'2$'(&(&*)&1'2$*$0 '(&*)&/*9&*8-/8&0=.&/:;(&,-&02$5A,*'2$BCD&A,*++&0:C80&'&/12$&0.2'( E,*+FGH3-2%-B-&&;*8+&D:;(&/&-,+'-'(&(&*)&1'2$*$0*)&/*9&*8-/8&0=.&/

.&/&'(&$%1=*/&0.2'('(&/&-,+'-8'*2$&0/1 -21,+*'2$-2$E,*+FGH3-2%-:

C:::I$0*1=&0H&*)2$9456

J&/&-',032$9'(&(&*)2$9456.2'(*G;#-3-'&18'(&/&-=$-&*1=+2',0&=&/*K '/BLM#D'(&,$0*1=&0(&*)2$9456.*-%*+%,+*'&0:;(2-LM#%,+08&%*+%,+*'&083

%1=*/2$902&/&$'10&+2$9'&%($2A,&-NB2D+2$&*/='&$'2*+O.'(&/3P5A,*'2$BD8 B22D+2$&*/='&$'2*+O. '(&/3.2'(*%//&%'2$'&/1 '*Q2$92$'*%%,$''(&&&%' '(&0/*9/%&P5A,*'2$BCD8B222DFGH-21,+*'2$-,-2$9E,*+FGH3-2%-*$0B2)D&<=&/2K 1&$'*+/&-,+'-,-2$90*'*/1 >8CR?:;(2-LM#.*-%*+%,+*'&0/'(&,$0*1=&0%*-&

BS_TUV8WX:XY-Z1D.2'([WX:X1 *-.*-0$&2$'(&&<=&/21&$'-:;(&021&$-2$- '(&$,1&/2%*+.*)&8*-2$10&+&02$E,*+FGH3-2%-02&/&0/&*%(.*)&/&A,&$%38-2$%&

'(&456-(,+08&=+*%&0*'+&*-'$&.*)&+&$9'(*.*3/1 '(&=2-'$>R?:M$&<*1=+&

'(&$,1&/2%*+.*)&8*-2$/*-=&%2@%.*)&/&A,&$%32-92)&$2$\29,/&:;(2-$,1&/K 2%*+.*)&8*-2$.*-=/)20&0.2'(*8&*%(*$0$,1&/2%*+0*1=2$9B2$'/0,%&02$>?D2$ /0&/'/&0,%&.*)&/&O&%'2$:\,/'(&/1/&8=&/202%8,$0*/2&-.&/&=/)20&0*''(&

-20&-8/&0,%2$9/&O&%'2$/1 '(&-20&.*++-:\29,/&]-(.-'(*''(&FGH-21,+*'2$-@' .&++.2'('(&&<=&/21&$'*+/&-,+'-*$0'(*''(&+2$&*/'(&/3.2'(*%//&%'2$'&/1 /'(&

0/*9/%&-29$2@%*$'+32$%/&*-&0*%%,/*%3%1=*/&0''(&%$)&$'2$*++2$&*/='&$'2*+

O.'(&/3:^'2-%+&*/'(*'*==+32$9+2$&*/='&$'2*+O.'(&/3.2'(,''(&2$%+,-2$ '(&0/*9/%&9/&*'+3)&/&-'21*'&-'(&LM#8*'+&*-'/'(&456*$*+3_&02$'(&=/&-&$' -',03:

`abcdefgE21&$-2$-*8*-2$/*(&*)2$9%3+2$0/2%*+4562$.*)&-.2'(UW:-2$E,*+FGH3-2%-:

!"#$%&' $'()*+'$,-."#&'#- "/01-."#&'2#$,%$ 2'$ 34(56*+.$!8 - "-%" $&2#$,(#+"# '$$# ""2$,'.2#$,7₈9:;:8(##+"# '$$# ""2$,'.2#$,7₈9;<8(###+=5>?@% "=5>.#- &(#A+B$ #&'!C'#!$DE8F9:;:!;

<;;;G# '@ !#H56*=.$!

I$,C$$8#!%" $#2#$,-."#&'2'- ''#&%$2#$, "# '& !#H 56*.$! &$, A' H B'B&2'2 - "-%" $&#$,'&#'$2 .J(#+

"# '$$# "K2$,'.8(##+"# '$$# "K2$,'.2#$,7₈9;<#0L% $#(<+ &(###+2#$,@% "=5>.#-;6,'%"$ '&#" .&#M#H%':;=#!#" '$$,'%"$ 2 %&#DE8$,$#! "56*.$! & !#H-N-#$O_PQR8S8TU22 #H#N- $".

" 'H'$, O(^OPQR8_O^S8TU2V+;6, A' H B'B&2'2 #H#N- $"."2'2,

#-"%&#H$,&' H'-8&%$$,,#H,'" $#AA"-#$##$,' -'H#" &#H

$-#&' B"&' H'-;I$#-" ''! M#H%':$, $$, A' H B'B&2' - "-%" $&2#$,@% "=5>.#-" .-"$$,'%"$B$ #&'! $,!&#N&L% $#

!$#2#$,7₈9;<;6,"2'A "%' A' H B'B&2'B$ #&2#$,

@% "=5>.#--%"&B&%$$,%".-$ $A "%'7₈#$,L% $#

!$# &$,%#$,- "-%" $#$, A' H B'B&2'82,#"7₈ -$% "".

#-' &2#$,&-' #H !"#$%&DE;)$O_PQR8SW:;:XY!8$,/01Z, A !"#$%&2 'C#! $".:;:! 2,' $O_PQR8SW<XY! $,/01Z, A !"#$%&2 ".:;:<!;

M'! M#H%':8$,$#! ""# '56*& !#H-N-#$O_PQR8S8TU2- B%&;

6,#A "%2 $,%&$-!%$$,A"-#$.$,/01#'H%" '2 A2#$, FW:;<!8QW; &-! '$,&#'$!&"#H$-,#L%[M#H%'; M#H%',2$, $$,A"-#$.- "-%" $&2#$,"# '$$# "K2$,'.2#$,7₈W;<

" .-"$$,A"-#$.- "-%" $&2#$,@% "=5>.#-82,#""# '$$# "K2$,'.

2#$,7₈W:;:A'$#! $$,A"-#$.;

76 !"!#$ #%&' ()*+,% '+-.!*+,! %!/&+,"012$)$-/ !,%!34*/#%!/&+,"012

$)$-/ ! !,"012$)$-/%!/&+,"(5(+,-$8(!*(4*!-%'+-.*+,! &-,-+!*6'-. )'+-.+7₈9:;::8++7₈ 9;<:!,%+++'+-.=4!*>0?)$+($@AB:;</8CB;$;

77D*(+-)()*+,% '+-.!*+,! %!/&+,"012$)$-/8E_FCG8HB<I$J/ !,%!34*/#%!/&+,"

012$)$-/ 8E_FCG8KB:L (!*(4*!-%'+-.*+,! &-,-+!*6' -. )'+-.+7₈9:;::8++7₈9;<:!,%+++'+-.

=4!*>0?)$+($@AB:;</8CB;$;

<;;;34*/#=!/&+,"012>)$-/

1.$!/& (%4 '!$ &!-%'+-.!34*/#%!/&+,"012$)$-/M-.! !"

!#$ #%&' '!$(!*(4*!-%'+-.+*+,! &-,-+!*6'-. )8++*+,! &-,-+!*

6'-. )'+-.7₈9;<!,%+++'+-.=4!*>0?)$+($;N,-.(!$+,'.+(.*+,! &-,-+!*

6' -. )'!$!&&*+%8OP4!-+,<Q'!$!&&*+% -.012 $)$-/ (+,-. P4,()%/!+,;R -.=4!*>0?)$+($(!*(4*!-+,8-.012$)$-/ ('+-.34*/#

%!/&+,"8S& $$%+,OP4!-+,<<8'!$+/&*/,-%+,0 T(-3. ,!,%!&&*+% +,-.=4!*>0?)$+($U0 T(-3. ,(4&*+,";1. $4*-$! %+$&*!)%+,R+"4 :; R / R+"4 :8+-+$(*! -.!--.(!*(4*!-+,$4$+,"OP4!-+,<Q"! $4*-$(*$- -.=4!*>0?)$+($ $4*-$8/!,+,"-.!--.!&& S+/!-+,-.34*/#%!/&+,"012

$)$-/ (!$+-$5 $- P4,()(/&,,-+$!*+%;

R / R+"4 :8-.&-+/!*34*/#%!/&+,"(5(+,-E_FCG8K8VW2(4*%#4,%;

1.+$!*4'!$-.,4$%-(/&4--.*(+-)-.XO3+, "4*! '!$'+-. AB:;</8CB;$!,%(/&! -.%+ ,-/%*+,"-(.,+P4$$R+"4 ; R+"4 $.'$-.!--.*(+-)(!*(4*!-%'+-.*+,! &-,-+!*6'-. )'+-.7₈B;<

*!)(*$--.*(+-)(!*(4*!-%'+-.=4!*>0?)$+($8'.+**+,! &-,-+!*6'-. ) '+-.7₈B:;: $-+/!-%-.*(+-);R+"4 !*$$.'$-.!--.*(+-)(/&4-% '+-.=4!*>0?)$+($'!$,*," !$+,'!$+,(-.XO3'!$*!-(.%# +6)'., +-$*(+-) !(.$Y ;1.+$+$!,+,. ,-& & -)-.34*/#%!/&+,"012

$)$-/ (Z_FCG8K'.+(.+$!$P4! '!!,%*!-(.$-.XO3$. -*)'.,+- !(.$

+-$/!S+/4/ /+,+/4/ %+$&*!(/,-[8Q\;1.+$#.!+ '!$,-+$+#*+,-.*+,!

8 !"#" !#$8%&%%%'(_)*+8,%

%-#

./01234567126

8%%9:8-%;:::'&&<&%;=:

>:::'%%:::'&:';?&=:':@9ABC%&%

9%;%;%>%A&?#D<&-%&%&<&E%9:=%

=F9G:-'9:'-;HIJ%9:=K%9<&

:&'%::'&&<&%&&9: LIMNC#8%9:'-O%::;8%%=&9%;

%;<&:;&8%%@9ABC%&%%'9%&:&

HIJ>%P;9?#Q%;<&:-%9&9%9:%:;

&<& -;HIJ%&=:':@9ABC%&%#D%% 9%9HIJ%=9;%%9&9%;#P%&%%%9:: %%&8&:%& R%9:=F9:= ST$"S=;HIJU%:':=&&9%9%#'@VJ%9:

=:=9:&::&-&&9%9%%=

%9#D%9%-::O':=:' W8X# N&&&9-9 %9:8&:;&&=&9::

F9'HIJ>IF9>$??F9&:'#8

&9%9:8%%%IF9>$?:&&9&&9 HIJU%-'8%9%%'%&&9:@9ABC%&%8-:: O':' WX#P9'89::-9' BDN %%' :';&<&Y_)*+8Z8[R2&=&&9:IF9>$?#D -;=%=:K;&&9&:;&%&&9::

&':%9%' @9ABC%&%%'9%#D%9%%-;

=%=:%&%%;<&&9:;:;&:

Y_)*+8Z8[R2=:' ':<:F9'K;&&9 :;&%%;<&;Y_)*+8Z8[R2=:' F9' 9&9%:;&#D%<:;%&<':=%'9% -;HIJ%@9ABC%&%#P99%&&9:9O:':<:

F9'=;HIJ%%&':;

:'8%9&%&;%9;;HIJ%#

V%:%:';BDN%%'8J9'=:';BDN%%' %=

&9::@9ABC%&%\B]&J&9;#QO'J9'=

:';BDN%%' &%%=&9::F9'8:

%9%&':@9ABC%&%#Q']9&'&9%9:% ':<:F9'&9:;&:;&;-%%9%%' %=:' @9ABC%&%-;HIJ%:';J9'=

:';BDN%%'#

^5_`1a012_a7b5_7126cL#d#&&9G:-%;89'&%'9%8:-e :&'::'9%&#B#f#eg#%%%:;'9%&

::-;9'&%'9%#h#M#@#%%%:%;99'&':@9e ABC%&%::-;9'&':J9'=:';@9ABC%&%\

B]&J&9;#i#A#:B#D#:O::%9&9;9=&# Q9%-::;:9=%:-%'9%&#

j52k72lcD%%&%%9:=f%&P9:P:%>PHN?8V;9'mPHN

%&]&L#AJ$L#8::8i%KA;K%%:&%&>% noL?PHN8V;9'#D%%&%9::=M%I&':

J'-%%g-'A9:]&pHIqJNMIILI"neo$"oeJeefr :=s9:g&>A?9:]&I@J"oTnpB;':J%:&t I%9&9&t:u::%:8-%;&tJ'-%>g9%:f&J'-?r

&9::=I9f;@-'P9:>If@P?#h#M#@'v;9G&K:;%9:;

!" #$%%&'()*+"$+,'(, -./0

1234546457289:;<5;=>78?@A484;B;24CD#%E#0 12F7?B;@G723;24A484;B;24CD#%E#0

H848I<8598J5954KA484;B;24CL MN EMO# E# PQ0 R8PQ #O# STU8 #M R.% M0

IVW27=9;@XB;243CLNYN EMO## EMM"

%# EMSZ8[M\##]#P8-(Q0R8 M

E EM%^ZM_E[M`8# EMa%

b&c,b0

G72d5V437F124;?;34CL %#%e%0 IJJ?;<5845723

L##NEE ME# %f

1 \# g^$*/

h_i $,%#g^$*j/ h T *Y/

k \M M% *Dl/

k_mno8p _ZLUM %q%*Dl/

k_mno8r $#E ZLUM %q%*D/

s_i t%q%*,/

r_u t#Z\M%*l/

v g^$ */

i t%#E*/

iw +%# %t#Z\M%*/ x₃ ^O%%*D/

x_yu \M %%*D/

x₄ S %*D/

x_mno ZLUM %*D/

x_mno8rz{pz|} $#E ZLUM %*D/

x_~ S#%#%%g^$*D/

_€ R%%E M%#€*DlY/

 b#%%#*lj/

‚ g*/

y #t#Z\M%*/

ƒ \M %*Dl/

€ gE*'l/

| g^$„*Y/

m R# *Z/

m₁ TEE N*g/

4_€ Z%#€t#Z\M%*/

n g */

2 L*/

… `%#e #%M*l/

… g^$„#%M*l/

…^† g^$„##%M8‡#…ˆ…8*l/

0 ‰#%

~_} \#g^$„ */

Š Tq%#%M%q%# t#Z\M%

Š… Sg^$„##%M# g^$„#%M#

‹ Tq%#%M t#Z\M%*jl/

Œ R# M*Yl/

!! "#$^%&$'(&)

* +,'(&-!) . /01(#,(21'(&-!) 3 45651&

478 45171&85! 894 8591&(4&

5894 :&;&894

<= #(>?

@A @5 &(A&(&5! BC4 B,C(04,((

DEFEGEHIEJ

K 8(#89KL155(8/K+KL@ >8:KMK/(,##,(0,(( 0KN4OPQRST2QU3PVQWSXQN142YZQNO[34 WS34X\566]8^^8_`abKc4(!!+d

K 7(&e8fKKL9!>8KL@(0>8KL<( 8K4105 &0(!1&0 (;&!#,(0 ,((((!,(,(0" 5(KWS34Xg3T567h8998aaKc4(!!+d

K 9!>8KL(7(&e8fKL@(0>8KL<( 8K/!!!!0 i5#((&1BC4((!(

&!#,(5 1!0?#109C: !,(&#,(05&Ki(&0! <#

C1(B,&<&C(04(84(>8i(&8_/101!`@5"(b_LK_j?`_j?bK

K k! 88KL+84KC;( &(&55&!(#,(0,((&!0l/!0!1&KZQU14QmPgQ WSXQ56568n8oc4(!!+d

oK p8qKLq18qKAK/! !!15(5 &!(5&0#,(0,((?"!("(!Kr3S3[QmsT21gSQWS34X\

r3$Q567589t8o`jKc4(!!+d

jK 78:K'C&K)usv34gP1wUOx3wwgSXOy01$3WS34X\zOS$34234TL/&5(!!8@ 08/( 1(&4, C0(08{1|!},(!9!~9!8}8bjK

_K 9"(8/KL8 5518fK< (&15(!! !1(9C: !,(MC:=AKi(&0!

C1(B,&<&C(04(8M!87(8j`@5"(boLK`K

K B&84KL8,&!8kKL+0#&8kKKA0 ?;&15(5&0#,(0!!5!~/ (,# 51€1&&5!?"!&15(#,>!Kr3S3[QmsT21gSQWS34X\r3$Q567h88jb`jbKc4(!!+d

aK q18qKAKLp8qK+&!?/,(0&M,(?@>!!51 ,((5#?"&€0?"!("(

#,(0!!5KzOv‚s2QƒwsgxT567„8…8b`Kc4(!!+d

bK +"(8+KL† 08‡KL† 08pKL†08kKLq18†KLp18:KL@18KL<8qKA&(&5(!!&#(; !! ,0#,(0,((0(&# "(>#(KWS34X\zOS$34TQU1S1XQ567]89ˆ8_`jKc4(!!+d K f 8AKL (8/K= !?? ?((5 &!(!&0(0KzO1T2QWSXQZQ567h8

t‰8_a`bKc4(!!+d

K :8@KLB088KL85Š01e8kK:KLp8@KL/5(8/KL/"8+K@A5&0#(?(&1( e(&!K01234 567]8998_oKc4(!!+d

K 188KL+0(!89K8K@5 &( &(&5!'@A)((?!1(€#!~!8(!&11(KZQ‹\x41swQr3TQ 567Œ8ˆ8`jKc4(!!+d

K :0 8kKkK@5 &(A&(&5!KYSSsQr3$QYT24OSQYT24O‚V\TQ7]]58‰8o`o_K&~bKj-1(,KKbKbab aKbbooKc4(!!+d

oK B! 8kKLf(,!88KL+"8/KLA18†KL41!88KL:0 584KL=5&,(8KL@!"8KL+0(!89Ki,!0 B,?@(11(i(}!0@ /(478< 21!KŽ‚3SZQƒwsgx\SQ567„8Kc4(!!+d

jK =5&,(8KL@!"8KKL+0(!89K8K@A(8€0"&!1!0,("5!!(&!("1KRS2QZQusv34Q U32VOxTƒwsgxT567„8…^8_`oKc4(!!+d

_K +(?f(&8KL4(!8/KkKL<0;((89KL/5(84KL85Š01e8kK:KLf5e?f!(8:KL8fKC;

&!1(,,"!!?"!("(#,(0,((1!081@A!!Kr3S3[QWS34X\565689t^8_j`__jK c4(!!+d

K 4(!8/KkKL85Š01e8kK:KL+0(!89K8KLf5e?f!(8:KLp0! #8@KL4!8+KL&8+KL9(((8/KLf(Š? 78=K81@A!!~=?!1((478!,("!&@5 &(A&(&5!'@A)KzOv‚s2QNV\TQ zOvvsSQ567‘89n…8b`jKc4(!!+d

aK 4!8+K9KL9(8:KL78=KfKL85Š01e8kK:KL4(!8/KkKC6&081@A!!# 8(( i21~:&0€1&?5 !5 (KY‚‚wQŽP31SQr3TQ567h8…t8`a_Kc4(!!+d

bK <!(8/KL/!18:K/5(6?(55(( (!,0(0?!8!5 8(0&"&&5!K zOv‚s2QU32VOxTY‚‚wQU3PVQWSXQ56778^‰‰8a`oKc4(!!+d

K /5(84KL85Š01e8kK:KL4(!8/KkKLfe’e?48kKL@1e1>8<KLf5e?f!(8:KL<( 8Kp0?(!&#, 0(&"!((@A?"!&81@A!!5&KzO1T2QWSXQ567“89^…8_`oKc4(!!+d

88 !"#$8%%&'(8")'('*(+*8,8-.'(#8%"$&*'/&0

#'/$('*,&0//0(*,#/&&*1&*(2(31#','*'(,'*#45162789:7567;89<8=>=?@"##AB 8 !"#$8%C(&&8!%&'(8"D8!)'('*(+*8,8-"($$*''*8EFG1F#'*(8!)-C

#*&('*H('*#','#2*'*#45162789:7567I89J@"##AB

(&*(K8L"#$8%"8 !M(&8NFF#'*(8F"(&(#8AL"8AFL(,&&*8F"8C)$,8) O*,(&!/&&*(-*'P%#*DQ"!/&R#*(&)-C0#*,#"$&/2*'(!&'*$0#*,#E*(0 S -,/*#'*''Q$(D(3(/*/(&Q0",8O($&#8S'(&08=>T)$'U=?$$=TV1=>==VT1 W X'Y#8A)*#(8CN''#8CR#*"M'/'*(3(///(##(//($*(#,'*$*&Z45[7\927459]7

^]]6_543`3[_7a4[2789:7^`a8566I8J8UV>=T@"##AB

T .*8 CE(+#0((0(((8-(&8-%///(##(//($*,K,*'#(* Hb*&(#*NM S-,/*#'=='S'('*(&",C0//0(*,#8)*($8=?>N,'U=

V LK&*8E%///(##(//($*#,*&&('*/*#c%&&03*#,#*,(&($$(,d3[392aef7ghije`3[_7k312

`166l4196]7mj5h75677898=U>=W

A(&*8!X(&8-(8!C0//0(*,"K,*'#(1R* M&b*&L(R#*D(+&0"$##*&

)'/-('*,&C0//0(*,#n7`147o[j7apph7567;89q8U>U@"##AB

? F&(*.(*8!F(&*/1#8)%),(8%D*&&*(#8-(('*,#'/0#'/$('*,&0//01 (*,#(,,('/'*('*/(,K,*'(,*,&(,0&*/01234o[j789:7567r89s8=>=W@"##AB U (*8%8 !(,/*8A"#$8%%3#('*&(&*' ''(''$/(0,/*'*#*

)'/$('*,&0//0(*,#F-R/&#45tpi27`32_5e6apph7`3[_789:7567;8uv8TU>T@"##AB

= O3(+8F8 !(*8%w"'*(8!x((8Q3(&('*'/(,K,*'(&&0#//0#*

)-Ca[21kye4523[_7567I8v8=UV>==?@"##AB

F**8FA*2/8 "#*#',03*#,#/(*/'*K,('*'#'#2(30($$&*,('*#S-,/*#'

='Q$(D(3(/*/(&Q0",zQDQ"{8"+"+8S&(/8V%#'>)$'U=V$$T1=>T1 (8E*(((Y(8.E2."H2*##,*&&('*#($/#SSC0//0(*,,#apph7^[3197d367566|8

vJ8W>T@"##AB

*8)-(''8AF8L*#,#*'0,'($*'(#2(30,3'0//0(*,#3(&*/('/0#*&('* (/b$*'d393}78934:y567;89v~8WUU>W=@"##AB

W 8)'('*(+*8%&'(8"8 !,8-.'(#8%S$&'('*$/(*# 2*'*('212(0,$&/)-C/&'#*&('&*(2(31#','*'(,'*#8934:j36567I89v8T?V@"##AB T D/&(/8C-*,2*#$&0*(&8$#*'*3/K*'(/,$(,'&0#$$'/(/*(&,'*#**(&/aef745tpi27

`12_77II8u8?>?T@"##AB

V 8D%&08CS$3*,3,*#'/$('*,&0//0(*,##*&('*#2*''$(***#'(*&*'0`597

€527d7a624597o5[756758uvJ8=UT>=U@"##AB

!&'*8"&(##*8%%#*$&$,/'*$3'$##3(&('**0//0(*,,'b'#*')-C 45tpi27Z_y6745tti97566I89<s8T=>V@"##AB

? %'8!"&(##*8%!(8)O*,(&/*#*3'#*2(+&01,$##*&)-C #,#45tpi27Z_y67 45tti97567589<8WVU>WU@"##AB

U %'8!"&(##*8%!(8)!&'*8M1#(,H2##&3/0(#)-C #,#2*'*,(&

/*#*3'#45tpi27Z_y6745tti97567689<98W>W?@"##AB

= M'(+(#8F*8 !(,/*8AA#8LE,(&* #',*&zER){/(0,/*'*(*'(01 /(*#*$((&&&#'/$('*,&0//0(*,#z)-C{/&#45tpi27ghije6567I89~s8T>T=@"##AB

A'(A#&&*8A%8F%&'(8"L*&((8)LK&*8EF,*8AQ#**,(&#'(*&*'02(3

$$(('*0'*/&$(('##*'*,(&*'#(/#$##(,'/#89fj4597`5e3h7o5]2}7567;8 9s8T>V@"##AB

Q&*#8%8 !(,/*8A"#$8%")'(#08-.E*/8)F1F#'*(8!",'*0(*, L/(0"/*'*#S-,/*#'U=?S'('*(&)-CQAS"D+#$8Qb'8R.8W>V U=?$$=>=

E*8!LE*8FAA#'*$('*,&,#*#',0*#'/$('*,&0//0(*,#apph7€it347`12_75668J‚8=?>T

@"##AB

W A8LC8!8-D8CO&*(#*&('*#2(31*/,/'*#(&0H('*/0#*D")-C '/apph7^[3197d3675678Js8=>=@"##AB

T "(&(#8AL8 !"#$8%FG1F#'*(8!M*(8A!%)'-('*,&C0//0(*,#/*#,'*('* '/&&*#(,H2#(/**//0/0(*,#\927n7€it347`32_5e6ghije65678q<8W=>W?@"##AB V L*'8!"(&(#8ALF(,(1M(&8N8 !"#$8%M*(8A!O3#8!F*b*(8E%*,(&

'&/&&*#,*&&('*2(3#,3'2*'&*(,(*,(&,#'(*'#d393}78934:y565689u‚8U>U

@"##AB

"(8"-&8%AC*&&*#8%),&''8!'*('*$'*(&$(('#(0/(&*,$2'(+1*'(

2(30,3'*&(2(3#Z45[7\9627`3[_789:7Z142an7Z5}348934:y56758vv‚8?>===@"##AB

88 8!"#$%&'(#))(*+,($-./$ 001* &

+ 22+ -3)( ,($ ( 4 (0 -. /*8 %(8 5(*8 6722 8)9: ;2<

));/2&&27;/2&&2;

<; 8!=>?8!+8!,8*+((88-@)9(083 5*0A324BC3DEF41GHIJKLM7NO68 9PQ8272<RS/T

<2 U(V88%(V(93(841( (85U(81++((8U%++((84W- X":(503 &83*31(*8.9 1YCBZ[\G]D^3]_\`412\BGH8 #*( 9*a/(9: 8#8b8#8;2/+()8))<7;2S/T

< ?c08'#+.: #%8-d8)+.9+ ) *+)91* + 1((0 /*(94*+0.( -W#4-/e;26X8':83(0876!30.;26

< (098!-V08/? (+08'?8-#9*(0*8$*3*( 3* (()&(::

($.*$:./5f930(gIL14Ih^\IMGiI567j8k82S/T

< 8(0:(8 8!"%0(e. .(9* 0e($?3.,($-./$1

* + #(,($( 4 (0-./*88()87=*:;26

<< 38?l38f5=V+84ee3:*+8,,YDG]1E3G21CHBmYCD\]noG1E\^H50.8f8- ,0.ae:V8%!8 b8#8;;))726

<6 p(8pp+(8qq8l538re. .(9*)( c**.((0.(+($&:3.($.*$

+4= (9)30(( 30(($s3G3ZIMG34io567j899k8<R7<S/T

<R !88(8!38?-+(*9($.(:)c**.$(9.( )(V& (9)3 MG34io567N89kQ827S/T

< ?(0V.8q3(8%5( t8"8((V8"4*+8#(0.t+%(&50 -*( + 3*

(#(.e($/.0 *(0,-/8( =8,-/b(/3)0 e. .(9*&4= 0MG34i\3H567j8998 S/T

< /0(8#'( 8%39*(0930((*(0u:.9+ )(*0+. .(9*gIvBEwD2IAxoHI 566y89Q987R<S/T

6; 38?(8!880:8!(8f%0(9 0( $c*((+($)(::($

.*$KMMMF41GHIhDH21\GIMG34io567j8Q8<762S/T

62 4(8'4+(((z(8U'U/u9*00(+() 1"@+ :$(JwwCI{^31GIs3HI566y8

|}827<S/T

6 ":3+84f$0 8?U+(38#4*+85(:0.3 .())0.8e(*3)0 930(0($

.*$((.1* +2+-3)(,($( 4 (0-./*W-,4-/;2RX8/V810( 8 R#33728)9:;2R))R727R72;

6 (c8#5~$t8!%39*(0 *-@9'( +/-4=,($-./$1* +22+ -3)(,($( 4 (0-./*8%(85(*867228)9:;2<

6 ?(0V.85( t8"8((V8"4*+8#9+)3)3(&((.*03 ,-/(9 3( :9 0$*3)0( (($&))((9 0MG34i\3H567j8998;RS/T