HAL Id: halshs-03149584
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Submitted on 23 Feb 2021
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New insights on the Aterian Hominid / Carnivore
Interactions in the Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast of
Temara (Morocco)
Emilie Campmas, Patrick Michel, Fethi Amani, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Zenobia
Jacobs, Nouha Janati-Idrissi, Larbi Boudad, Arnaud Lenoble, Roland
Nespoulet, Mohammed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui
To cite this version:
Emilie Campmas, Patrick Michel, Fethi Amani, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Zenobia Jacobs, et al.. New
insights on the Aterian Hominid / Carnivore Interactions in the Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast
of Temara (Morocco). RQM 6 – 6ème rencontre des quaternaristes marocains, Nov 2011, Tanger,
Morocco. �halshs-03149584�
New insights on the Aterian
Hominid / Carnivore Interactions in the
Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast of Temara (Morocco)
E. Campmas*, P. Michel, F. Amani, E. Stoetzel, Z. Jacobs, N. Janati-Idrissi,
L. Boudad, A. Lenoble, R. Nespoulet, M.A. El Hajraoui
EL HARHOURA 2
(entrance cave)EL MNARSA
0 1000 km
N E O
S 500 m 200 m0 m 1000 m 2000 m
>3000 m Casablanca
Rabat MéknesFés
Ouarzazate
El Ayoun Tanger
Agadir Atlantic ocean
SPAIN
ALGERIA MOROCCO
MAURITANIA
0 5 Km
Dar es Soltane 1
Dar es Soltane 2
El Harhoura 1
El Harhoura 2
El Mnasra
Contrebandiers
Chaperon-Rouge
Mediteranean Sea
Falaise
8 109 7 6 5 4b 4a 3
2
11 10 9 8
12 14 13
15 + + + + + +
+ + +
- 100 cm
- 200 cm
- 300 cm
- 400 cm
- 500 cm
- 600 cm
- 700 cm - 100 cm
- 200 cm
- 300 cm
- 400 cm
- 500 cm
- 600 cm
- 700 cm
1
11 10 9 8
13 12
15 + 14 + + + + +
+ + +
11 Lithics industry:
increase of density
N
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 4 5 6
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
11 10a 10b-c 9d
9c 9a
7 8a
8b-d
9b
7 6
MAUVAISE VISIBILITE MAUVAISE
VISIBILITE
6b
rocher
5 4
3
? ? 2
Affouillementactuel 1
13 12 11 10
9 +
8 6 5 4 7
3 2
1
LSA/UP
4(Iberomaurusian)
Studied levels
MSA/MP
(Aterian)
020406080100120
OIS 2
OIS 3
OIS 4
OIS 5
OIS 6
5a
5b
5c
5e
5d
1,0 0,5 0,0 - 0,5
δ O
atm(°/ )
°°
18
0
-120 -40-80
CB
O1 O2
Ib?
EM
O2 O1
O2 O3
O1 O3 Ib?
O1 O3
EH2 DS1 DS2
O
Fossil beach deposits ? Formation of the cavities ?
1,0 0,5 0,0 - 0,5
δ O
atm(°/ ) °°
18
EM
EH2 EH2 EM
?
?
CB
Marin level (m)
OSL data and other elements Ungulates
(and other...)
Accumulators of the
bone assemblages
Hypotheses for Human occupations of T emara Region
Ages ka B.P.
? ?
?
Periods of stops
Periods of long term occupations
Shematic localisation of occupations and stops These localisation have no chronological value
!
Hypotetical scheme of the occupations of Témara Region
(D’aprés 1: Balter, 2011; 2: Barton et al., 2009; 3: Campmas, PhD in progress; 4: Debénath, 1982; 5: d’Errico et al., 2009; 6: Halett, submit; 7: Jacobs et al., in press, 8: Jacobs et al., submit;9: Janati-Idrissi et al., submit; 10: Monchot et Aouraghe, 2009; 11: Nespoulet et al., 2008a, 2008b; 12: Petit et al., 1999; 13: Scheweninger et al., 2010; 14: Stoetzel, 2009; Stoetzel et al., 2010; 15: Waelbroeck et al., 2002)
EH1
?
?
O2
O
EH2
?
ESR data
EM
O2 O1 O3
EH2
140
1
2 12
15
9
7 8 13 8 13 2 13
3
3 3 6 10
5
11
11 4
Palaeoenvironement,
microfauna
EH2
O1 O2 O3 Ib
O1 O O O1 O2 O O2
Ib
3
14
Nassarius sp.
Pedonculate elements Pigments Fire places Aterian skull of Contrebandiers
Aterian skull of Dar es Soltane 2
“Large Ungulates”
“Small Ungulates”
Gazelle Alcélaphinae CB
EM EH2
DS1 DS2 Contrebandiers El Mnasra El Harhoura 2
Steriles levels MSA occupations
Iberomaurusian (LSA/UP) O
Ib Sites:
EH1 P
F Dar es Soltane 1
Dar es Soltane 2 El Harhoura 1
Long term occupations Short stop Bovinae
Turtle
Bone industry
“Retouchoirs”
More marin mollusk Microfauna with arid affinity
Microfauna with humid affinity
Pedonculate scraper
- Cores (Levallois ...) - Tools (scrapers, Levallois points ...)
- Pedonculates - Peeble tools
LITHIC < FAUNA
EL MNASRA (Levels 5, 6 and 7)
- Gazelle, large Ungulates (for example Bovinae) + Turtles...
- Butchery - Consumption - bone tools (on ribs of Bovinae + shaft fragments).
Few interventions:
(Digested bones, tooth marks ...) Interventions:
(Cut-marks, bruned bones, bone tool industry ...)
Settlement site
Intense occupation,
Various activities
Hypotheses:
- Admixture of Human and Carnivore occupations - Intervention of Carnivore
on bone discarded by Men - Taphonomic disturbances brought the mixing of bone
accumulations Numerous Nassarius sp.
High amount of marine mollusks(Patella,
Mytilus ...)
Numerous fire place
Use of pigment
SAISONALITY:
Presence of neonatals and juvenils: Occupa- tions during spring
Interventions of burrowings:
(Remains of Mellivora capenisis, many burrows...) = disturbance
H potheses Site location
FIRE PLACEIRE PPPPPLPLACEPLLL
Racloir convergent couche 8
LEVEL 8:
- Few data
- higher rate of transformed tools
- No evidence of pedonculates
LITHIC << FAUNA
EL HARHOURA 2 (Level 8)
LEVEL8:
- Few data - Higher proportions of large Bovinae
Interventions:
(Digested bones, tooth-marks ...) Interventions:
(slightly higher rate of cut- marks and bunrned bones, presence of “retouchoir” ...)
More intensive Occupation ?
More activities ?
Exploitation of coastal ressources
Selection of lager taxa (like Bovinae)? Admixture of Human and
Carnivore occupations ?
Intervention of Carnivore on
bone discarded by Men ?
LEVEL 8:
Presence of Nassarius sp.
!
Small excavation area= small sample
LEVEL 8:
Higher proportion of marine mollusks (Patella,
Mytilus ...)
e intensive Occu
ttlement site
Nucléus Levallois c. 3
Small amount of lithic industry:
LEVEL 2:
- Bladelet cores - Bladelets LEVEL 3:
- Small proportions with cortex - Small size of Levallois cores (mobility choise ?) - Exhaustion of the knapping sur- face
- Few tools
- No evidence of pedonculates LEVEL 4A: same as level 3
LITHIC<< FAUNA
EL HARHOURA 2 (Levels 2 , 3 and 4A)
Gazelles dominates (all of the anatomical parts are presents; mortality curve:
“U”) + Suidae + Alcélaphi- nae + Bovinae + Equi- dae + Rhinocérotidae ...
Carnivores: Small Canidae + large Canidae + few other taxa.
Few interventions:
(few cut-marks, few brunted bones, presence of “retouchoir”)
Interventions:
(digested bones, tooth-marks, co- prolithes ...); Hyene: (few remains, few evidence of juvenils ...)
Very short stops Occupations, not nursery
(maybe located at the bottom of the cave?)
d i (
LEVEL4A: presence of a fire place
FIRE PLACE
LEVELS 3 and 4A:
No evidence of Nassarius sp.
IRE PPPPPPPPPPPPLACPPPPPPPPPPLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Digested bones of Gazelle
2 cm 2 cm2 cm
Tooth-marks on Gazelle bones Coprolithe
2 cm 2 cm
2 cm
Cut-marks on Gazelle bones
“Retouchoir” from level 4A
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
“Retouchoir” from level 8
Bone tool industry of El Mnasra (
Cut-marks on Gazelle bones (scales: 2 cm)
rolithes ...); Hyene: (few remains, few evidenv ce of juvenils ...)
Occupations not nursery
* CAMPMAS Emilie: PACEA, PPP, UMR 5199, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405, Talence, e.campmas@pacea.u-bordeaux 1.fr /emilie.campmas@gmail.com
?
2 cm 2 cm 2 cm
1 cm 1 cm
