Bridging restoration and multi-functionality in degraded forest landscape of Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Islands, FOREAIM. WP1 Global strategy of FOREAIM project : start up meeting 24-28/10/2005 in Antananarivo, Madagascar

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CIRAD

Département Territoires, environnement et acteurs

Cirad-Tera

Bridging restoration and multi-functionality in degraded forest

landscape of Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Islands

FOREAIM

WP1 Global strategy of FOREAIM project

Start up meeting 24-28/10/2005 in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Nicole Sibelet UPR IDEAS

Cirad-Tera N° 31/05 December 2005

Abstract

The project of ‘Bridging restoration and multi-functionality in degraded forest landscape of Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Islands’ (FOREAIM) will provide tools and management strategies to enable restoration of degraded humid forest ecosystems by advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of forest degradation/restoration and their potential impacts on local populations, policy makers, governments and markets. We have chosen a novel, widely multidisciplinary, integrated research approach that couples biological/biophysical and socio-economic and policy generating variables, the results of which will form the basis for recommendations and guidelines for sustainable forest restoration and management. Our approach will put in place practical rules and recommendations to arrest degradation, restore tropical forests, create an enabling environment, ensure sustainability, create equitable opportunities to improve stakeholder livelihoods and encourage development by generating “high value” exportable natural commodities that are exclusively available from tropical forests. This start up meeting specified objectives and functioning of the project. My specific task was to lead the workshops concerning the team of workpackage 1, whose objectives are to assess stakeholders forest and tree management practices and uses. In this report, we deliver the Workpackage1 global strategy.

Key Words : degraded forest, restoration of degraded forest, local knowledge, tree management practices, Eastern Africa, Indian Ocean Islands

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Table of contents

1. Initial strategy as written in the project... 4

2. Objectives and methods ... 5

3. Operational activities for year one... 7

4. Contacts... 10

The project of ‘Bridging restoration and multi-functionality in degraded forest landscape of Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Islands’ (FOREAIM) will provide tools and management strategies to enable restoration of degraded humid forest ecosystems by advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of forest degradation/restoration and their potential impacts on local populations, policy makers, governments and markets. This project will last four years. The Start up meeting of the project took place in Antananarivo, Madagascar (24-28/10/2005). This report deliver the Workpackage1 global strategy and in annex 1 we give the Steering Committee Minutes which reminds some generalities of the project.

Work package 1 – Traditional ecological knowledge, tree management practices, uses and economic dependency of local population on forests and tree based systems in the context of their degradation

1. Initial strategy as written in the project.

“ To assess stakeholders forest and tree management practices and uses, and investigate the socio-economic and potential ecological roles of designed tree-based technologies which integrate stakeholder requirements with the object of guaranteeing their viability and thus improving sustainable rural livelihoods at landscape scale.”

“Researchers in WP1 will study agro-ecological knowledge, tree management practices and the economic dependency of local populations on forests and tree based systems in the context of degradation. To take into account results of previous studies, an analysis of the existing literature on determining factors in forest degradation at local and national level will be undertaken. Through participative surveys and field inventories with target groups of stakeholders, the project will provide assessment of agro-ecological knowledge, tree management practices, and system interconnections at landscape level. Synthesis of this knowledge will provide the socio-economic background and conditions for implementation of the tested technologies outlined in WPs 2, 3, 4 and 5 and aid fine tuning of the final development of ideotypes for restoration and rehabilitation. The socio-economic benefits of the results of the proposed technologies will be assessed and favourable conditions for empowerment of local communities through restorative actions and related capacity building will be identified.”

Work package and Task Years 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Quarter of year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 Main sites

WP1 to WP5 final selection of the main sites * Local population and forest degradation

WP1 task 1.1 assessment of forest degradation factors * * WP1 task 1.2 diagnosis of local ecological knowledge * * * * WP1 task 1.3 benefits of proposed technologies for local

populations

* * * *

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2. Objectives and methods

During the start up meeting, in October, in Madagascar, common objectives and methods were discussed.

The general objective mentioned in paragraph 1 was reconfirmed.

It was decided to have in the 3 countries (Madagascar, Uganda and Kenya) similar calendars of operational activities and to gather results of state of art first separately in national meetings (march) and in a regional meeting (may).

The first year will, after the organization of the teams and their terms of reference, be dedicated to a literature review and a pre-survey to build the state of art and to a survey. The idea for the literature review and the exchanges on bibliography is to use the same software : End Note. But we did not examine the practical ways of learning how to use it. Each country can do suggestions according to the knowledge they have and imagine courses to learn to use it. This idea could concern the others workpackages because many bibliographic references will be common to different WPs.

Generic variables

Generic variables were identified. They will be refined and completed according to the work of the next months till the Regional meeting. During this regional meeting, the 3 countries will agree on the generic variables they will work with. They will also decline the specificity each generic variable will have in each case. And each country can add specific variable.

First list of Generic variable WP1

1) Roles of local communities in forest degradation/ restoration Restoration activities by local communities

What local communities can do to restore adjacent forests ? Restoration methods (species, seeds sources,…)

Use of medicine plants on degradation and restoration

Causes of degradation of the environment especially human factors. Impacts on ecosystem

2) Uses of forest

Ethnobotany of the degraded forest Use of natural resources by population. Names of some trees species

potentially high value tree species to improve incomes Which products do they get from the forest?

Useful plants and purposes The important trees species.

Background information on species composition Economical important tree species

3) Local people perceptions of degradation/restoration Local indicators of degradation/restoration

Perceptions of degradation/restoration 4) Incentive

What are the incentives/disincentives to plant trees ( laws, tenure, ownership, gender )

5) Rules

What are the local laws/rules which regulate the use of the territories? 6) Dependence population/ forest

History of stakeholders on degradation (Improved) traditional agroforestry practices

Benefits of proposed technologies by local population Majors problems for stakeholders

7) Links between stakeholders

Organizations working with local communities Experiences from other projects

7 We identify scientific information that other WP can provide.

Scientific information that other WP can provide Genetic consequences of degradation (for tree species).

Biological potential of useful species.

Objective data on the effects of land use changes on soil properties (soil fertility) Enriching species for degraded forests.

Potential mycorrhizal sensitives of important species.

Scientific tools for assessing and improve the value of some species. Speed of succession after abandonment (usable species).

Tree management practice

We also identify questions addressed to other workpackages.

Questions addressed to other workpackages

Which economically important species are also ecologically important? (water use, N fixation, fruit, etc).

These three different lists can be useful at different time of the project. They have to be completed and improved.

3. Operational activities for year one

During the start up meeting, in October, in Madagascar, a common working plan was discussed. This table gives, for the three countries, the main tasks that are to be

undertaken.WP6 discussed with WP1.Both concluded that it would be helpful for WP6 to begin literature review with WP1 and some members of WP6 could collaborate to the state of art and the national and regional meeting scheduled.

WP1 in the 3 countries Description of the activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 June 2005 J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J a x x x x x x b x x x x x X x c x x x x X x d x x x x x x x x X e x x x x X x x x x f x x x x x X x x x g x h x WP6/in relation to WP1 Description of the activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 b x x x x x x x g x h x

9 a – Planning and initiating WP1 activities including visits to study sites,

identification of the teams, the roles and the responsibility of each, identification of terms of references for researchers and students. Identification of resource person and resource institute for

b – Preliminary analysis and literature review c –Presurvey

d– Participatory surveys and field inventories to diagnose local ecological knowledge & tree management practices

e– Assessing socio-economic benefits of current technologies taking account the local knowledges

f- Assessing socio-economic benefits of current technologies taking account the other WP results and confrontation to local needs.

g- National meeting h- Regional meeting

Main deliverables first year

1. End of December : Lists on identification of the teams, the roles and the responsibility of each. Identification of terms of references for researchers 2. Report providing a comparative state of art in degradation of forests and

tree based systems and restoration practices in different sites

i. Mid January : detailed plans of the 3 countries to send to CIRAD (N Sibelet & R Peltier)

ii. Beginning o f February : Feed back of CIRAD

iii. March : National Meetings and at the end of the meeting draft 1 to send to CIRAD at the end of march

iv. April : Feed back of CIRAD of draft 1 to the 3 countries v. May : Each country prepare a draft 2 for the Regional

meeting

vi. May : Regional meeting to be held in Kenya or Uganda and final report of the state of art

vii. Members or representative members of each countries of WP1 will attend to this regional meeting.

viii. One or two members of CIRAD team WP1 (N Sibelet & R Peltier) will attend to this regional meeting.

3. Januarry : Decision of which country will organise the regional meeting of may

4. Definitive choice of field sites

5. Workplan on concerted approach with other WPs and methodological steps for field diagnosis

6. Site-specific diagnosis reports with characterisation of stakeholders values of forests, trees and associated components

7. List of ideotype species and allied technologies of potential ecologic and economic fields

8. Data base on agro ecological knowledge on trees, uses and management practices

4. Contacts

Name of the researcher e-mail address Responsibilities in WP1 Vololoniaina Jeannoda vhjeannoda@univ-antananarivo.mg

jeannoda_vololoniaina@yahoo.fr

WP 1 Leader at Univma; WP1 Leader in Madagascar Co-Leader WP1 for the project John R.S. Tabuti jtabuti@botany.mak.ac.ug WP 1 Leader in Uganda;

? ? WP1 Leader in Kenya

Nicole Sibelet sibelet@cirad.fr Leader WP1 for the project

As soon as possible we should established the list of all the researchers involved in WP1, when the first deliverable will be ready for each country.

(FOREAIM)

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Annexe 1 : Steering Committee Minutes

Date : October 27 2005

Place of venue :

1 – Presentation of the steering committee objectives and functioning.

The articles of the consortium agreement related to the steering committee are presented to the representatives of the institutions

2 – Proposed institutions representatives members

the name of the representatives of each institution attending the steering committee are presented in the table below.

Table 1 :Steering committee

Country Institution steering committee

France CIRAD Bernard Mallet (a)

Madagascar FOFIFA Honoré Randrianjafy

Madagascar University of Antananarivo Bakolimalala Rakouth

United Kingdom CEH Stephen Cavers

Kenya KEFRI Bernard Kigomo

Uganda University of Makerere Gerald Eilu

Norway Norwegian University of Life Science Orjan Totland

France IRD Jean-Luc Chotte

(FOREAIM)

the name of the work-package leader and co-leader are discussed and presented table 2 : work-package leaders and co-leaders

WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 WP7 WP8 CIRAD L :Nicole Sibelet L : Pierre Montagne co-L : Bernard Mallet L : Jean -Marc Bouvet IRD L : Jean-Luc Chotte

CEH L : Stephen Cavers

INA-NLH L : Orjan

Totland

KEFRI co-L : David

Odee co-L : KEFRI delagation to Chin Ong (SC1) co-L : Goshua Cheboiwo UNIV ANT. co-L :

Vololoniaina Jeannoda FOFIFA L : Honoré Randrianzafy L : Rolland Razafindraimbe UNIV. MAK co-L :Gerald Eilu co- L :John Okullo

L : WP Leader, co-L : WP deputy leader

The steering committee indicates that the leadership and co-leadership of the work-packages may change during the project (to take into account the constraints due to the changing in research activities of each participant) and will be re-examined during each steering committee.

3 – Proposed pilot sites

Madagascar : station of Vohimana Kenya : the Mau Forest

Uganda : the Budongo Forest Station Western Uganda and the South Busoga Forest reserve, Eastern Uganda.

The members of the SC indicate that these stations are suitable for the implementation of the biophysical work-packages (mainly WP2, WP4 and WP5) but research activities are not to be limited to these zones to achieve the objectives of WP1, WP3, WP6, WP7.

4 – Technical and financial proposed reporting system (audit)

The contract of FOREAIM stipulates that one audit is to be conducted at the end of the fourth (last) reporting period.

The SC asks to the co-ordinator (CIRAD) to negotiate with the EC a second audit at the end of the second reporting period and to transfer the budget of audits from the

(FOREAIM)

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5 – Proposed general and work-package specific workplan

The SC proposes to the WP leaders in collaboration with the scientists of the work-packages, to elaborate a specific workplan for each work-package constituted of :

- A strategic workplan for the first year (resulting from the discussions during the start up meeting),

- A first year work-package implementation plan for each institution (according to the example given in annex 1)

6 – Proposed communication strategy

WEB site : before the end of the year, the co-ordinator (executive secretary) will send to the partners some proposal to improve the web site using information collected during the starting meeting.

The SC asks to the co-ordinator to prepare a proposal of brochure using the first year results. This first draft will be examined during the next meeting..

Stephen Cavers will send an example of brochure to the co-ordinator (Jean-Marc Bouvet)

7 – Others points

The SC committee stress the interest to conduct laboratory analyses (soil, molecular analyses etc..) with the laboratories of the Foreaim partners to improve repeatability and quality of the measure and results. The issue of transfer of budget from one partner to an other is critical. The SC asks to the co-ordinator to address this point with the INCO desk at the EU.