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THE M4RK XI ENERGY
RESEARCH
PROJECT DESIGN AND COINSTRUCTIONby
R.L.
QuirouetteThe Division of Building Research (DBR), i n cooperation with the
Housing and Urban Development Association of Canada, is undertaking a
special energy conservation study involving four single detached houses
b u i l t in Orleans, Ontario, 3 miles east of Ottawa. The objectives of the
study are to determine t h e effectiveness of d i f f e r e n t measures t o reduce
energy requirements o f s i n g l e family houses and to validate a specially
developed computer program f o r predicting t h e effectiveness of such
measures for different housing types, variations in construction,
location and operating conditions. An opportunity i s provided t o monitor
the energy exchanges resulting from the equipmat used b y she occupants
and to compare t h e operating characteristics of a conventional warm-air
heating system with one having a supplementary solar collector and one
i n c o r p o r a t i n g an air-to-air heat pump. The four hauses are of the same
design, two storeys high, with three bedrooms and a f i n i s h e d f l o o r area
of 1248 sq ft (118 m2)
.
They are grouped on adjacent l o t s w i t h identical o r i e n t a t i o n (Figure 1). The first house was b u i l t to meet c u r r e n tinsulation requirements of the Ontario Building Code 1975, consistent with construction practices of the area. The other three houses were
b u i l t t o increase insulation levels and air tightness requirements for
over-all comparison with the first house and t o compare the performance
of t h e three heating systems. A heat loss analysis is presented in
Table 1.
HOUSE NO. 1 a d No. 2
-
STANDARDAND
WGRAIIED CONSTRUCTIONThe first house has R-12 insulation in the walls, R-20 insulation in
the ceilings and R - 7 i n s u l a t i o n on t h e basement walls. The insulation in
the basement was installed i n a conventional manner on the i n s i d e
(Figure 2, Table 2)
.
The insulation values used in the three u p g ~ a d e dhouses are nominal R-20 for all exterior walls, R-32 for ceilings, and
R-7.5 applied to the exterior s i d e of t h e foundation wall d m to the
footing level (Figure 3, Table 32. The upgraded houses have triple-glazed
windows and special measures were taken to improve the air tightness of
their construction, A separate ventilation system will be provided in
t h e three upgraded houses. The basic heating system of each house is a
forced warm-air heating system using an electric fmnace in houses No. 1
and No. 2, an air solar h e a t i n g system in house No. 3 and a heat pump
HOUSE NO. 3
-
SOLAR SYSTEMHouse No. 3 has an a i r s o l a heating system with 409 gross sq Et
(39 m2) of solar collector panels (Figure 4, Table 43
.
The roof surfacefaces 24" east of south and is sloped at an angle of 6 g 0 . A 200-cu ft
( 5 . 8 m3) rock t h e n a l storage unit is incorporated in the construction of
the house to provide a short-term supply of heat energy. It is expected
that the solar system will provide SO per cent of the annual heating and
as much for service hot water if compared to the energy requirement of
house No. 2.
JOUSE NO. 4 - HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
The h e a t pump system incorporated i n the fourth house (Figure 5 ,
Table 5) is also an air-to-air system b u t may eventually involve sources
o f heat other than t h e outside air. It w i l l provide an opportunity for
detailed evaluation of heat: pump performance in cold weather conditions.
It is expected that the heat pump will provide at least 30 per cent
saving of the h e a t energy requirement when compared to t h e energy
requirements for house No. 2.
INSTRUMENTATION
The f o u r houses a r e being instrumented by DBR so t h a t continuous
records w i l l be obtained and analyses made of the energy exchanges within
the house. Other records will be gathered of t h e climate conditions, the
operation of equipment and appliances indoors, t h e opening and c l o s i n g of
doors and windows, and the operation of t h e heating systems.
A l l f o u r houses are equipped with sensing devices (thermocouples) to
measure and determine the heat flow through sections o f each major
wall, Each basement wall facing a unique d i r e c t i o n h a s a thermo-
couple s t r i n g . On both f i o o r s , t h e wood-frame walls are equipped w i t h
heat flow meters (also temperature sensors) for each orientation; t h e
ceilings will also be equipped with heat flow meters. The exterior walls
and c e i l i n g s of each house a r e a l s o equipped with pressure taps (air
pressure sensors] t o observe t h e pressmes due to wind and stack effect.
These observations may lead to a r e a l i s t i c estimate of a i r leakage. The
warm-air supply ducts o f each house are equipped w i t h o r i f i c e p l a t e s ,
devices t h a t i n d i c a t e air-flow rates within the duct. Thermocouples
were also i n s t a l l e d i n the warm-air supply duct and return a i r d u c t of
each room. The general humidity c o n d i t i o n will also b e measured within
each house. The electrical energy to each room w i l l b e monitored on an
individual kilowatt-hour meter and additional meters w i l l record the
electricity used by major appliances such as the hot water tank, the
furnace and t h e dryer. Three separate water meters will measure the
amount of hot and cold water used inside, and the amount o f cold water
going to t h e outside. There are devices t h a t w i l l check windows to
the exterior door frames to monitor their use. There are moisture pins
installed at strategic locations in t h e exterior w a l l s to monitor wood
moisture -content l e v e l s . There will a1 so be instrumentation on the out-
side to record site climate conditions. The instrumentation is
comprehensive and complex; t h e only sensib le approach to collecting and
analyzing the data is through t h e use of a computer. A small central
computer has been installed in house No. 1 .
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
The four houses were built by Tafback Construction of O t t a w a for t h e
Housing and Urban Development Association of Canada as the HUDAC MARK
X I PROJECT. The construction o f the houses began 8 July 1977 and was essentially complete by the end of Becember of the same year. The
projected construction schedule was 20 weeks. There were minor delays
due t o material shortages and also to inclement weather conditions.
Nevertheless, t h e builder managed to maintain firm operational control
even though many of the o p e r a t i o n s called for innovative changes in
construction. Figure 6 illustrates the differences between the planned
schedule and the actual construction schedule.
The construction of the f o u r houses including the solar heating and heat pump h e a t i n g systems was e x t e n s i v e l y documented through drawings,
photographs and slides.
BASEMENT INSULATION
In t h e upgraded hauses, (Nos. 2, 3 and 4), t h e perimeter of the
foundation wall is approximately 1 0 per cent longer on the outside due to
the corners and garage-wing w a l l s . A I + in. polystyrene i n s u l a t i o n was
applied to t h e e x t e r i o r of the foundation wall starting from the footing
and extending to the underside of the s i l l p l a t e (see details 4 and 5,
Figure 3 )
.
The sequence o f construction was as follows; a f t e r damp- proofing the basement wall [sprayed on), a 4 m i l pokyethelene sheet wasdraped over the wall, lapped 12 in, o r more over at zhe j o i n t s and h e l d
in place with more dampproofing (brushed on]. The polystyrene insulation
was then spot-glued t o the polyethelene and i n s t a l l e d in rows, s t a r t i n g
from t h e bettom. The last course was left open to b e i n s t a l l e d at a
l a t e r t i n e . The pslyethelene was installed to act as an interface between.
the dampproofing and the polystyrene insulation to isolate t h e damp-
proofing and insulation adhesive, which are incompatible materials. The
2 ft by 8 ft polystyrene boards were installed such that t h e joints
lapped and drained t o the outside. Following i n s t a l l a t i o n of three rows
of polystyrene beards, the foundation was carefully back-filled with the
same material t h a t had been taken out. With c a r e f u l back-filling, l i t t l e
or no damage was done to the insulation. The last course of i n s u l a t i o n
was i n s t a l l e d using concrete nails and galvanized metal w a s h e r s . A
galvanized metal lath was nailed over the insulation and two coats of cement parging were applied. For each house, approximately 54 man-hours
including w i r e mesh and parging, The materials represented approximately
70 per cent of t h e cost, the labour 50 per cent, and t h e unit c o s t was
$1.12 per square foot of insulated w a l l .
F W WALLS
It was decided t h a t the design and construction of t h e wood-frame
walls should s a t i s f y two major requirements: 1) that the design and
construction substantially reduce air leakage t h a t occurs i n conventional
construction and 23 the walls be thermally upgraded to a value n o t less
t h a t a nominal R-20.
Since air leakage i n small buildings has been i d e n t i f i e d as one of
t h e major components of the energy balance, heat recovery f m m ventil a-
t i n g a i r f o r wood-frame construction was not only feasible b u t would
l i k e l y prove c o s t e f f e c t i v e . To incorporate a heat recovery ventilation
system in a wood-frame house, it was judged that t h e b u i l d i n g envelope
such n o t leak more than 1/10 o f the building volume per hour at d e s i g n
conditions. To achieve improved a i r t i g h t n e s s , c o n s t r u c t i o n details
were reconsidered and new ones developed ( F i g u r e 3 ) .
Three design configurations were analyzed: 1) 2 by 6 stud
construction with an R-20 f r i c t i o n - f i t batt, 2) 2 by 4 stud wall
construction with a nominal 2 by 2 furring a p p l i e d on the exterior side
of the wall, and 33 standard 2 by 4 constmc tion using a nominal
2 by 2 furring on the i n s i d e . It w a s decided to use t h e last, that i s ,
to modify standard wall c o n s t r u c t i o n and adapt a nominal 2 b y 2 furring
strip on the i n s i d e to c r e a t e t h e 6-in. wall cavity for a nominal R-20
v a l u e . To achieve the air tightness required, a 4 mil polyethelene
sheet w a s installed between t h e furring and the 2 by 4 framing to c r e a t e
a cavity where a l l the electrical circuitry would be located t h u s
removing some of the obvious sources of a i r leakage,
The pokyethelene sheathing placed between two layers of insulation
is susceptible to the accumulation of moisture but the heat exchanger
ventilation system will assure t h a t the indoor relative humidity not
exceed acceptable limits. Calculations reveal that at design conditions
of outdoor and indoor vapour pressures, no moisture should accumulate i n
the walls unless the indoor relative humidity exceeds 45 per cent. To
v e r i f y t h i s hypothesis, numerous moisture sensors were installed through-
out the construction a t suspect locations.
The f i n a l wall construction ( s e e details 2 and 3, Figure 3 ) consists
of an R-7 friction-fit batt placed horizontally between the 2 by 2
strapping, an R-12 g l a s s f i b r e frfction-fit b a t t placed vertically
between the 2 by 4 studs, and an exterior one-inch fibreboard rated a t a
nornina 1 R - 3 . A design analys is of a t h e wall indicates t h a t the nomina 1
thermal resistance including gypsurn board and exterior sheathing and a i r
films is R-24.3. I n the laboratory test, the actual R value was found
The construction c o s t of the e x t e r i o r walls of house No. 1 [standard
construction) was $0.99 per square foot. The c a s t of the upgraded walls of t h e o t h e r t h r e e houses was $1.70 per square f o o t . T h i s is a 7 2 p e r cent increase over the construction c o s t of the e x t e r i o r walls i n house No. 1.
CEILINGS
The ceilings o f houses No. 2, 3, and 4 were upgraded t o a nominal
thermal resistance of R-32 by placing t w o layers of friction-fit
insulation ( s e e d e t a i l s 1 and 6 , Figure 3 ) . A 6-in. f r i c t i o n - f i t : glass
f i b r e b a n was placed h o r i z o n t a l l y over the lower cords of the trusses
and a 4-in. R-12 f r i c t i o n - f i t b a t t was placed between the cords of t h e trusses. This operation was done from the i n s i d e of t h e house before t h e
ceiling gypsum was installed, This provided a t o t a l sf 10 in. of g l a s s
f i b r e i n s u l a t i o n f o r a nominal thermal value of R-32. An air vapour b a r r i e r consisting of 4 m i l p o l y e t h e l e n e sheathing was i n s t a l l e d over t h e
ceilings and lapped at t h e perimeter to form a continuous impermeable and
air-tight b a r r i e r . The ceilings were strapped at 16 in. o . c . w i t h
nominal 1 by 3 furring and covered with f i n . gypsum board. The c a s t of
thermally upgrading the ceiling must a l s o include t h i s a d d i t i o n a l
material and l a b o u r .
The c o s t f o r upgraded c e i l i n g was $0.97 per square f o o t . This is
an i n c r e a s e of $0.57 p e r square f o o t over t h e c a s t o f t h e R-20 ceiling in
house No. 1.
While a l l t h e windows in house No. 1 are e s s e n t i a l l y sealed double-
g l a z e d u n i t s , t h e windows in the upgraded houses are casement
sealed triple-glazed units. The casement window is more expensive than
a wood slider, and the triple-glazing that was incorporated added a 10
per cent increase in c o s t over t h e same window type with a sealed double-
glazed unit. The use of sealed triple-glazed windows raised t h e thermal
value of t h e window g l a s s from R-2 to R - 3 . The basement windows of a l l
four houses are sashless doub l e - g l a s s s l i d e r s
.
The c o s t of the windows in the upgraded houses was $11.96 per square
foot a s compared to $5.19 per square foot in house No. I . This cost
includes labour, materials and taxes but no overhead or p o f i t .
HEATING SYSTEMS
The d e s i g n heat l o s s calculations for house No. 1 and t h e upgraded
houses (Nos- 2, 3 , and 4 ) are presented in Table 1 . The design heat loss
f o r house No. I is 46 898 Btu/h (13 747 W) for an indoor temperature of
72°F (22.2OC) and an outdoor temperature o f -13°F (-25°C)
.
The annualenergy consumption is estimated t o b e 20 236 kW-h f o r a w i n t e r severity
The d e s i g n heat loss for houses No. 2, 3, and 4 i s estimated to b e
2 8 886 Btu/h (8 466 W) for the same d e s i g n conditions s t a t e d above.
The annual estimated heat loss from these houses, not considering t h e
contribution that may be made by the solar or heat pump heating s y s t e m s of houses No. 3 and 4 , is estimated at 12 464 kW-h. T h i s i s a gross
annual, saving of 38 per cent over house No. 1.
SOX ar Heating
The solar heating system of house No. 3 c o n s i s t s o f three arrays of solar c o l l e c t o r panels installed an the south-facing pornion of the roof
(Figure 43. Two a i r plenums, consisting of insulated metal ducts, supply
and collect the a i r c i r c u l a t e d through t h e c o l l e c t o r panels. The a i r
handler unit, which houses a fan, circulates the air; motorized dampers
d i r e c t the a i r i n t h e appropriate d i r e c t i o n in t h e house at t h e r i g h t time. A short-term themal storage, utilizing a rack medium, was built
at the basement l e v e l in a l i t t l e room just under t h e concrete s l a b of
t h e garage f l o o r . It is an i n s u l a t e d box containing 200 cu ft (5.8 m3)
or approximately 10 tons of one-inch river gravel. This volume w i l l
provide one to two days of stored t h e m a l energy a t w i n t e r d e s i g n
c o n d i t i o n s .
The installation a£ the solar collector panels required approximately
two man-weeks of labour. This included the installation of all perimeter
i n s u l a t i o n , perimeter flashings, i n f i l l panels, a l l associated hardware,
and all cap flashings. T h e collector panels were b o l t e d through t h e r o o f
following a careful alignment o f t h e arrays using nominal 2 by 2 f u r r i n g
strips n a i l e d over t h e roof s h i n g l e s . One-foot square h o l e s were cut at
the top and bottom of each array to receive the i n l e t and outlet starting
c o l l a r s t h a t connect t h e collector arrays t o t h e indoor duct system. The
perimeter o f t h e collector arrays was insulated with
14
in. mediumdensity glass f i b r e insulation. The i n f i l l panel and the metal f l a s h i n g s
were made of pre-finished metal of t h e same calour and texture as the
trim material used elsewhere on the house.
The ductwork can be d i v i d e d into two zones
-
inside the house andoutside the building envelope. The main plenums a r e 10 in. b y 16 in. a i r ducts insulated to a value not less than R-1.0 in the a t t i c and to a value
of R - 8 inside t h e house. Glass f i b r e i n s u l a t i o n with reinforced f o i l was
used to i n s u l a t e a l l ductwork. A 1 1 d u c t s were sealed w i t h silicone
caulking and all j o i n t s formed by t h e insulation: were taped.
The walls of t h e thermal storage room were insulated to an R-8 level
on t h e i n s i d e with 2 i n . of medium d e n s i t y glass ffbre i n s u l a t i o n and
3 i n . of l o w density glass f i b r e at the c e i l i n g . The floor of the thermal
storage mom w a s insulated w i t h 3 in. of foam plastic i n s u l a t i o n , not
because of thermal requirements but to adjust the height of t h e f i n i s h e d
f l o o r and a l i g n the lower plenum -space w i t h the w a l l duct opening. The
room measures 5 ft by 7 Et by 9 E t and is completely covered w i t h t y p e X
gypsum board on t h e i n s i d e . There is an average depth of 4 E t 6 in. of
blocks used to form t h e lower plenum space. Warm air is forced downwards
over the face of the aggregate and is collected at the bottom. Heat
transfer occurs within the rock m e d i u m in a thin layer of perhaps 4 to 6
in. and progresses downwards as the t h e m 1 storage is being charged. To
recover heat from the thermal storage room, the air flow is reversed:
c o o l air is injected at the bottom, collected at the top and circulated to t h e house.
In addition to space heating, the system is also equipped with a h o t
w a t e r pre-heat system. This system comprises a heat exchanger or hot
water c o i l which is installed at the top of the a i r handling unit (fan
housing). There is a pre-heat tank approximately 14 times the volume of
t h e regular service tank (40 imperial gallons) which is used to stare the
energy available for hot water pre-heating.
The solar system will operate all year, The operational priorities
are space heating followed by hot water heating. During the summer
months, when no space heating is required, manual dampers bypass the
thermal storage room completely. During t h i s mode o f operation the
system is used solely for hot w a t e r heating. A thermal performance
analysis of the solar system estimates a 50 per cent reduction in annual
h e a t i n g c o s t and about t h e same or s l i g h t l y less for serivce h o t water
heating.
The solar heating system, which includes a l l solar h a r h a r e , ductwork
and insulation, controls and electrical wiring, thermal storage room, and
t h e labour for construction and installation, cost $18 000 or $ 4 4 p e r
square f o o t of collector.
Heat Pun?v Heating
The heat pump h e a t i n g system of house No. 4 is a 23 ton refrigeration
unit consisting of two major components: an outdoor component comprising
compressor, heat exchanger and fan, and an indoor component comprising
another heat exchanger and fan. The indoor component i s housed in a
furnace casing which h a s a back-up electric heater. A h e a t pump heating
system i s e s s e n t i a l l y a r e f r i g e r a t i o n unit t h a t cools the outdoor air and
in the process rejects heat to the interior of the house. While t h e
system is not new in principle it is difficult t o design a heat pump that
will operate efficiently and effectively at Isw temperatures. S p e c i f i c a -
tion for the system will be found i n Table 5. The f u l l cost o f t h e heat
pump system including ductwork, grills, labour to install, and warranty,
amounted to $3893. The heat pump unit excluding the forced warm air
heating system was approximately $1000 l e s s .
EASTERN FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY
The: Eastern Forest Products Laboratory ( E . F . P . L . ) , another partici-
pant in t h i s project,is conducting experiments w i t h i n each of t h e houses,
which may r e s u l t in savings of structural material, in particular, floor
unique system of j o i s t s and sub- f l o o r sheathing which involves cantinuous
spans and glued sub-floors. Preliminary t e s t s have indicated t h a t the
three experimental floors perform as well if n o t better than t h e
reference minimum standard f l o o r a€ house No. l. The roof sheathing of each
house is a combination of waferboard panels o f e i t h e r spruce or poplar
plywood. The roofs w i l l be observed f o r a number of years to determine
the serviceability of these materials in a roof application. A final
report w i l l b e issued by the E .F .P . L . at a l a t e r date.
LIouse No. 1 (Lot 405) and house No. 2 (Lot 406) are perhaps the most important w i t h i n t h i s project as they will be s u b j e c t to d e t a i l e d
observations of energy use under actual occupied conditions. Through
these observations actual energy savings w i l l be determined and related
to the costs of the individual thermal upgrading measures applied to
house No. 2. Houses No. 3 and 4 w i l l b e used to study in d e t a i l the
performance of the solar heating and heat pump heating systems. These houses were of the same construetian a s house No. 2 xo compare equally
the performance of the three heating systems.
The houses are unoccupied at the time of this writing and have been
r e n t e d since January 1978 by the Division of Building Research to
complete the instrumentation and to i n i t i a t e c a l i b r a t i o n measurements
which w i l l determine the un~ccupied performance characteristics. When t h e s e have been established, houses No. 1 and 2 w i l l be rented to
families; houses Na. 3 and 4 w i l l be rented by DBR far select experiments.
The e f f e c t of family a c t i v i t i e s on energy use in the first two houses
w i l l be monitored and the results applied in a d e t a i l e d energy audit,
The four houses w i l l be observed for a period o f two t o five years. Much
d a t a w i l l be gathered and analyzed, and r e p o r t i n g w i l l probably begin
A 3 M A \ h 3 Y C M P U N
TABLE 2
HOUSE NO. 1
-
STANDARD CONSTRUCTIONGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Property
, Lot No, 405, 'Registered plan M-171, Gloucester Tomship
.
Lot s i z e , 40.0 ft (12.3 m) wide by 125.0 ft (38.5 m) deepEasement on e a s t property line
.
Long a x i s oriented N-S.
Berm, 8 ft 12.5 m) high on rear lot LineBuilding Design
.
Single detached house.
2 storey, 3 bedroom, 1 112 bathroom, attached garage.
Orientation of r e a r elevation, 24" e a s t of s o u t h.
Gross f l o o r area, 1 249 sq ft (118 m2)Gross wood frame enclosure area, 2 406 sq ft (227.8 m2)
.
Gross basement enclosure area, 5 437 sg ft (136 m2).
Gross window area, 164 sq ft (15.5 m2).
Gross e x t e r i o r door area, 44 sq ft (4,2 m2).
Net wood frame wall area above grade, 1 525 59 ft (144.4 m2)Net foundation wall area, 891 s q ft (84.4
d)
.
Net ceiling area, 673 sq ft (63.7 m2).
Heating system, forced a i r electric fizmance, 15 kW.
Design h e a t i n g l o a d , 46 400 Btu/h (13 600 W).
Estimated annual h e a t i n g , 20 212 klV-h Building Construction.
Ontario Building Code, 1975.
1Vood frame construction, 2 by 4 stud walls, 2 by 8 woodj o i s t , wood trusses 24 in. 0.c.
.
Cast-in-place concrete foundations, 8-in. walls.
Wall i n s u l a t i a n , glass f i b r e , paper backed, R-12.
Ceiling i n s u l a t i o n , g l a s s f i b r e , paper backed, R-20.
Basement i n s u l a t i o n , g l a s s f i b r e , paper backed, R-7,i n s i d e , 2 ft below grade
.
Windows, double g l a z e d , wood frame, sliding and double-hung.
Exterior doors, metal insulated, =R-6, no stom door.
Roof, asphalt shingles, 210 Ib.
Siding, horizontal, aluminum 8 in., i v o r y white.
Brick, f r o n t of house only, one storey, garage.
Soffits, continuous vented, aluminumTABLE 4
HOUSE
NO.
3-
UPGRADED-
SOLARGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Property
.
Lot No. 407, Registered plan M-171, Gloucester Township.
Lot size, 40.0 ft (12 ..3 m3 wide by 125.0 ft (38.5 m) deep.
Easement on ease property line.
Long axis oriented N-S.
Berm, 8 ft 12-5 m) h i g h on r e a r hot lineBuilding Design
.
Single detached house.
2 storey, 3 bedreem, 1 1/2 bathroom, attached garage.
Orientation o f r e a r roof, 24" e a s t of south= Gross floor area,
P
249 sq ft (118 m2).
Gross wood frame enclosure area, 2 406 s q ft (227.8 m2).
Grass basement enclosure area, 1 437 sq ft (136 m2).
Gross window area, 164 sq ft (15.5 m2)Gross exterior door area, 4 4 sq ft (4.2 m2)
Net wood frame wall area above grade, 1 525 sq ft (144.4 m2)
.
Net foundation wall area, 891 sq ft (84.4 m23.
Net ceiling area, 673 sq ft ( 6 3 . 7 m2).
Heating system, solar, air-to-air, w i t h forced air distribution- 409 s q ft (39 m2) collector area, 2 1 panels
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200 cu Ft ( 6 m3) rock thermal storage, 1-in. diariver gravel
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h c t w o r k , sheetmetal, i n s u l a t e d , R-8 and R-10- Fan, 800 cfm
- Hot water pre-heat system
-
Solid state control, w i n t e r / s u m e r operation.
Supplementary h e a t i n g , electric furnance, 10 kW.
Estimated annual h e a t i n g , 7 560 k M ~ h (50 p e r cent savingover house No. 2)
Building Construction
.
I k o d frame construction.
6 - i n . walls, 2 by 4 studs+
2 by 2 horizontal strapping on i n s i d e , 2 by 8 floor joists, wood trusses 24 in. o - c ..
Cast-in-place concrete foundations, 8-in. walls.
Wall i n s u l a t i o n , g l a s s f i b r e , f r i c t i o n fit, R-12 + R-7.
4 m i l polyethylene vapour barrier, throughout.
Ceiling insulation, glass fibre, friction fit, R-20 + R-12.
E x t e r i o r s h e a t h i n g , I - i n . fibreboard, R-3.
Basement i n s u l a t i o n , c l o s e d cell polystyrene, 1 1 / 2 in.R-7.5 outside wall, extends to f o o t i n g
.
IVindows, t r i p l e glazed, wood frame, casement and awning.
Exterior doors, metal insulated, with storm door, aR-7.5.
Roof, asphalt shingles, 210 Ib.
S i d i n g , horizontal, aluminum 8 in., ivory white.
B r i c k , front of house only, one storey, garageSoffits, continuous vented, aluminum
TABLE 5
HOUSE NO. 4
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UPGRADED-
HEATPUFIP
SPECIFICATIONSProperty
.
Lot No. 404, Registered plan M-171, Gloucester Township.
Lot s i z e , 3 8 . 1 ft (12.2 m) w i d e by 125.0 ft (38.5 m) deep.
Easement on west property l i n e.
Long axis o r i e n t e d N-S.
Berm, 8 ft (2.5 m) h i g h on reaT lot l i n eBuilding Design
S i n g l e detached house
.
2 storey, 3 bedroom, 1 1 / 2 bathroom, attached garage.
Orientation of rear elevation, 24O east of south.
Gross f l o o r area, 1 2 4 9 sq ft (118 m2].
Gross wood frame enclosure area, 2 406 sq ft (227.8 m2].
Gross basement enclosure area, 1 437 sq f t (136 m2)Gross window area, 164 sq Et (15.5 n2)
-
Gross e x t e r i o r door area, 44 s q ft (4.2 m2).
Net wood frme wall area above grade, 1 525 sq ft ( 1 4 4 . 4 m2).
Net foundation wall area, 891 sq ft (84.4 m2].
Net ceiling area, 673 sq ft ( 6 3 . 7 m2).
Heating system, heat pump, a i r - t o - a i r , with forced a i r distribution.
Cooling capacity, 30 800 Btu/h.
Heating capacity, 30 800 Btu/h, high temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) 2.7, @ 47" Fdb, 43" Fwb.
Heating capacity, 17 500 Btu/h, l o w temperature, COP1.8, @ 17" Fdb, 15" Fwb
.
Supplementary h e a t i n g , electric furnace, 10 kW.
Estimated annual heating, 9 980 kW-h, ( 3 0 per cent savingever house No. 2)
Building Construction
.
Wood frame construction.
6 - i n . walls, 2 by 4 studs t 2 by 2 horizontal strapping,on inside, 2 by 8 floor j o i s t s , wood trusses 24 in. o . c .
.
Cast-in-place concrete foundations, 8-in. walls.
Wall i n s u l a t i o n , g l a s s fibre, friction f i t , R-12 + R-7.
4 m i l polyethylene vapour barrier, throughoutCeiling insulation, glass f i b r e , friction f i t , R-20 4 R-12
Exterior s h e a t h i n g , I i n . fibreboard, R-3
-
Basement i n s u l a t i o n , closed c e l l polystyrene1 112 in., R-7.5, o u t s i d e wall, extends to f o o t i n g
.
Windows, t r i p l e glazed, wood frme, casement and awning.
Exterior doors, metal insulated, with storm door, wR-7.5-
R o o f , asphalt shingles, 210 Ib.
Siding, horizontal, aluminum 8 in., ivory whiteBrick, f r o n t of house only, one storey, garage
Soffits, continuous vented, aluminum
FORTUNE DRLVE
F I G U R E 1
FRONT ELEVATION S L A L C 5 - A T SECTION sca.r ,-r BASEMENT PLAN 5 C I L E
F I G U R E
2
GROUNQ FLOOR PLAN
r c a l t ,-o SECOND rcrir FLOOR PLAN
H O U S E NO.
1
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S T A N D A R D
C O N S T R U C T I O N
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F I G U R E
3
H O U S E
NO.
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U P G R A D E D
C O N S T R U C T I O N
( C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L S FOR H O U S E S 2 , 3 & 4 )m . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .k..'& - . . . . - - - - - . - . - - - - . . . SOUTH ELEVATION 5EUEp-, 1 1111&. -- 6 -
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2 I BASEMENT PLAN s t a r t WATER STOR. T4NM TANKF I G U R E
4
H O U S E
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3
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U P G R A D E D
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S O L A R
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SEC TION S C L l E 3-F I G U R E
5
H O U S E N O .
4
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U P G R A D E D
+
H E A T P U M P
F I G U R E
6
a - S C H E D U L E D D A Y