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Sociological Analysis of the W3C Standardization Process XML Warehouse Meets Sociology

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Sociological Analysis of the W3C Standardization Process

XML Warehouse Meets Sociology

François-Xavier DUDOUET

Laboratoire d’Analyse des Systèmes Politiques Univ. Paris X, 200, av. de la République, 92001 Nanterre

Cedex, FRANCE tel : (33) 1 40 97 76 52 [email protected]

Ioana MANOLESCU

Projet GEMO INRIA Futurs 10, r. J. Monod, 91893 Orsay

Cedex, FRANCE tel: (33) 1 72 92 59 20 [email protected]

Benjamin NGUYEN

Laboratoire PRiSM Univ. Versailles St-Quentin

43, av. des Etats-Unis, 78000 Versailles, FRANCE

tel: (33) 1 39 25 40 49 [email protected]

Pierre SENELLART

Projet GEMO, INRIA Futurs and École normale

supérieure 45, r. d’Ulm, 75230 Paris

Cedex 05, FRANCE tel: (33) 1 72 92 59 29

[email protected]

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let $actors:=doc("actors_info.xml")/actors_info/actors let $institutions:=doc("actors_info.xml")/actors_info/institutions let $functions:=doc("actors_info.xml")/actors_info/functions let $ac:=element actor_categories{

for $a in $actors/*

let $c:=distinct-values(

for $f in $functions/*[@actor_id=$a/@id and @institution_id !='xquery']

let $i:=$institutions/*[@id=$f/@institution_id]

where $i/@category='org' or $i/@category='corp' or $i/@category='univ' return $i/@category)

return element actor { $a/@id,

attribute category {string-join((for $t in $c order by $t return string($t)),'_')}

} }

return element actor_categories { for $t in distinct-values($ac/*/@category) let $a:=( for $actor in $ac/*[@category=$t]

return <actor>{$actor/@id}</actor>) order by $t

return <category cat="{$t}">{$a}</category>

}

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let $threads:=doc("public-qt/public-qt.xml")/threads let $actors:=doc("actors_info.xml")/actors_info/actors let $ac:=doc("actor_categories.xml")/actor_categories return element messages_count {

for $t in $ac/category let $c:=sum(

for $ac in $t/actor/@id let $a:=$actors/actor[@id=$ac]

return count($threads//message[@author=$a/emails/email]) )

return <count category="{$t/@cat}">{$c}</count>

}

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Number of threads by length in messages

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