ː̾ˋ̋˻ ̤Ǫː̾̃ Ǫ˲̝؈߱Ǫː̻˲ˁǪ˴߫Ǫː̻ǵ̸̶߮ Ǫ ﻲ
Ƿ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷
ȉǶ˅ȔҟǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˒߆ ̳˲˛ȓǫȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜Ǫ
ࡧȓʊȋȳɐɦȄࡧȓɔɨɦȄࡧʏࡩࡧɷȄȲɽȗɟȯɦȄࡧȓȡȲȮࡧɪ ʊɳɦࡧȓɭȯɜɭࡧȓȧ ɼȳɇ Ƿ دأ . ﻲﺳﻧوﻣ بﯾﺑﺣ ˅˸ ǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿ̀̒ʿǵǷ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷ː̋ ̪˅ˡ ارﺮﻘﻣو ﺎﻓﴩﻣ اﻮﻀﻋ ˅˻ ̜˅̲̪ ˅˻ ̜˅̲̪Ǫ̸́ ̉ ˅˻ ̜˅̲̪Ǫ̸́ ̉ ˅˻ ̜˅̲̪Ǫ̸́ ̉ ː̾ˋ̋˻ ̤Ǫː̾̃ Ǫ˲̝؈߱Ǫː̻˲ˁǪ˴߫Ǫː̻ǵ̸̶߮ Ǫ ﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةرازو ̓ ̤˅̤̋Ǫۮ ǿ ﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟاو ﻲ ــ ﻲ˶ ˉ˅̤̾Ǫࠅ Ҡ ̾߫Ǫː̋ ̪˅ˡ
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Ƿ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷
ȅ̸̲̤̚ǪȇǮ ˅̧̥̏ǪǙǬ ǪdzȒҡǪː̾ߚ ˅ؙǪdzȒǫȇː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̧̥̏Ǫ̩˸ ̜ȉǶ˅ȔҟǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˒߆ ̳˲˛ȓǫȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜Ǫ
˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ߆
لﯾوﺄﺗﻟاو ﺔﻏﻼﺑﻟا -ࡧȓʊȋȳɐɦȄࡧȓɔɨɦȄࡧʏࡩࡧɷȄȲɽȗɟȯɦȄࡧȓȡȲȮࡧɪ ʊɳɦࡧȓɭȯɜɭࡧȓȧ ɼȳɇ Ƿ فارﺷإ بﻟﺎطﻟا دادﻋإ يدﯾﮭﻣ روﺻﻧﻣ دأ ࡧȓȼ ɛȆɳםȄࡧȓɳݨݍࡧǴȆɄ ɏǷ ȓǫޞ ˅ࠌǴ˅˕̑˷ȓǫ ˅˸ ǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿǿ̀̒ʿǵǷ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷ː̋ ̪˅ˡ ǵ̸˕̟dzǴ˅˕̑˷ȓǫ Ƿ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷ː̋ ̪˅ˡ ǵ̸˕̟dzǴ˅˕̑˷ȓǫ Ǯ ǵ˅̾˒ȅȇ߲ ˭̬ˊǪː̋ ̪˅ˡ ﲔﺴﺤﻠﺑ ﺪﶊ ǵ̸˕̟dzǴ˅˕̑˷ȓǫ Ǯ ǵ˅̾˒ȅȇ߲ ˭̬ˊǪː̋ ̪˅ˡ ފ ˰̲̜ǵdz˅̝̤Ǫ رﻮﺘـــــــــــــﻛد Ƿ ˅ˋ̧̋ ˈȉ ˰̾̑˷ː̋ ̪˅ˡ رﻮﺘـــــــــــﻛد Ǯ ǵ˅̾˒ȅȇ߲ ˭̬ˊǪː̋ ̪˅ˡ ا ﺔﯾﻌﻣﺎﺟﻟا ﺔﻧﺳﻟȉǶ˅ȔҟǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˒߆ ̳˲˛ȓǫȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜Ǫ
ࡧȓʊȋȳɐɦȄࡧȓɔɨɦȄࡧʏࡩࡧɷȄȲɽȗɟȯɦȄࡧȓȡȲȮࡧɪ ʊɳɦࡧȓɭȯɜɭࡧȓȧ ɼȳɇ Ƿ فارﺷإ بﻟﺎطﻟا دادﻋإ يدﯾﮭﻣ روﺻﻧﻣ ȉ dzǪdz˲ˊdzǪ˰̏ˈ ގ ̸̮̪ˇ ̾ˍ˧ ȉ dz̸ࠉ ٸ˻ ˉ ﲔﺴﺤﻠﺑ ﺪﶊ ﺪﺒﻋ ފ ˰̲̜ǵdz˅̝̤Ǫ ﺔﯾﺎﻓﺮﻃﻮﺑ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣھإ
ـ
ءاد
߱Ǫ̸̤Ǫࠃ ȔǪ
۸ ؈˲̢̤Ǫ̬̽
...
ﷲ ﲈﻬﲪر
ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫː̤̏Ȅ˰֮ߺ˅̊Ȑߘ ࠃ ȔǪ
ːȐ̪ȓҡǪ̳˱̵߆ ǭǤǪ˲̝̤ǪȀ ݾ ۸ ̧ ̪˅߬Ǫࠃ ȔǪ
ȄǪ˲̢̤Ǫك˱˒˅˷ȓǫࠃ ȔǪ
ː˨ȇ˲̃ ȓҡǪ̳˱̵ȉ ˰̵ȓǫ
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ ǭ˅̾߬ǪԹ˅́ ̜߆ ̴̪Ǫ˰˯˕̑˷Դ˲̪ȓǫẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫȅȓˆ˺̬̪̈ ̙ǵȄҠ ˷ȔҟǪ ، ﺎﻬﳇ Ȑߟ֤̬̽߳Ǫ̣ ̋ ˠȇ نﻮ Ȑˊ˰˒ȇǭ˅̾߬Ǫ̛ʿ˅̝˧̘ ˻ ̡߆ ࠕٸ̢̚˒Ǯ ˅̜˅̃ ȅȇ˰̲̚˖˸ ̼ȇ̩ࠂ̸̝̉ ҧˡ̸̻ȅȓҡҠ ̵ȓǫࠕ˰˨ȇ˅̵ǵǪݼ ȓǫ˲ ﻪ Ǭ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̩ز̦ȔǪ ، ȃ̸̝̭ȅȓǫ˅̰̤ Ȑ̛֤Ǫ߳ : Ȑȅȓǫ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ˶ Ȑ˷ȓǫ ̣ ̝̤̋ǪȄٵ ֡ː̻˲̢̙ː̸̪̇ ̲̪ ٕﻻا Ȋ˅̜Ǫ˰˾ ̪Ǚ˅ؙࠃ ˅̋˒ḙ̴̑˅˪ˋ̑˷߷ ̴̪Ȑ˲̠ܱ ̤ǪǙ̴˕̭ߑ̪ࠀ̅ ֡̚ȇǙم ˅˸ ̮ ࠃ ˅̋˒ࠀ̸̝̤ : ﴿ ȏܳ ȍˈ˅ȍ̲ȑ̪ҧ˲ȍ̟ȑ˰ȍ̝ȍ̤ȍȇ ȍȄȍdzȍȒǫ ... و ، ﴾ ّنٕا ˅̃ ˅ˍ̱˕̑˷Ǫȇː˷Ǫǵdzȇࠇ̶̚˒ȇǪٸ˸ ̚˒ȇࠇ̧ ̋ ˒Ǥࠇ̧̋ ̤Ǫ̴ˈ̣ ̏˕̑˺ǪȇǙdz̸̶߫Ǫ̴̙̀ˑ ̙ޜ ˅̪ٸ˭ ȉ ߳Ǫ߷ Ǭ ˅˕̟ : ﴿ Ȍ˰̾ȏȍݔȌۮȏ̢ȍ˧ȑ̬ȏ̪ị̻̑ȏȑځȍ˒ȏ̴ȏ̚ŗ̏ȍ˭ȑ̬ȏ̪ȍҟȍȇȏ̴ȑ̻ȍ˰ȍ̻ȏȑ۸ȍˈȑ̬ȏ̪Ọ̑ȏ̃˅ȍˋȑ̤Ǫȏ̴̾ȏ˒ҭˆȍ̻ȍҟ ، ﴾ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻮﻬﻓ ǵ̸˕̑˷dzȇǙː̻Ǫ˰̵ ȓǫ ّﻣ ﺔ . Ȑ̢̚˔˰̝̤ȇ ﲈﻛ ﻪﻈﻔﲝ ﷲ ﻞ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ : ﴿ ȍȅ̸ Ȏ̇ȏ̙˅ȍ˪ȍ̤ȎȍࠀҧԷ Ү Ǫȍȇȍ˲ȑ̟ȏȐ߳Ǫ˅ȍ̰ȑ̤ҧ˴ȍ̯Ȏ̬ȑȍ֣ҧԷҮǪ ﴾ ، Ȑ ހ ̼ȇ ﻪﺳرد ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ ﲈﻛ : ﴿ җ˲ȏ̟ҧ˰Ȏ̪ȑ̬ȏ̪ṛ̏ȍ̶ȍ̙ȏ˲ȑ̟ȏȐߴȏ̥ȍȅȍȒǫȑ˲Ȏ̝ȑ̤ǪȍԷȑҧހ ȍ̼ȑ˰ȍ̝ȍ̤ȍȇ ̸̵˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤˅̙Ǚ ﻟا Ǭ ˅˗̢ Ȏ̻̾߳Ǫ ̛ ̻˲̃ ٸ̱ ˅̵dz˅̋ˈȓǫȇː̻Ǫ˰̶̤Ǫߺ˅̪̋ޔ Ȑ̸̻ȇǙǹ Ҡ ߭Ǫȇ Ȑ̛߬Ǫ Ȑ˽˅˭Ȋ˅ˤر̪ȊǪ˱˯Ȑ˗̪Ǚ ȊǪȐٸ˯˗̪Ǚǹ ̸˾ ̰̤Ǫ߇ Դ̬̳̉Ȑڂ؈Ȋ˅ ȊǪ˰˾ ̝̪˅̶̙ݾ ȓǫȇǙȊ˅̝̄ ̲̪ˇ ̤̾˅˷ȓҡǪǬ ˱̊ ȓǫ . ّنٕاو Ȑ˰̝̻˅̪ٸ˭ Ǭ ˅˗̢̤Ǫː̪˰˭Ǥ˲Ǫ̴̤̾ȔǪ̹̋ ˸ ̼˅̪̣ ́ ̙ȓǫȇǙȃࠇ̉ȓҡǪߩ ˅˽ ̬̪ȅ˅˸ ̮ ȔҟǪ̴̪ Ȑ۵̪ǪȇǙː̻ȇࠇ˸ ̤ǪǮ ҟ˅˷˲̤Ǫ̴ˈ۫ ˬȇǙː̭̾˅˸ ̮ ȔҠ̤Ǥ˅̾̀ ȇǪǵ̸̭߷ ࠁ̋ ˠȉ ߳ǪǙ˴̽˴̋ ̤Ǫ Ǫࠄ ̊ ࠀ̸̝ˈː̻ނ ˌ̤ Ҡ ̊ ẹ̑ ˡ : ﴿ ˅Ḭ̑̾ȏˍȎ̪ǪȊǵ̸Ȏ̭ȑȎߝȑ̾ȍ̤ҮǪ˅ȍ̰ȑ̤ȍ˴ȑ̯ҫǫȍȇȑȎߝȏȐˊȍǵȑ̬ȏ̪ȋȅ˅ȍ̵ȑ˲ȎˊȑȎߜȍǤ˅ȍˡȑ˰ȍ̜ ȎǷ˅ҧ̰̤Ǫ˅ȍҨءҫǫȍԹ ﴾ ـﻓ ، ۮ ̝˕̑˸ Ǫǻ Ǫޠ ̤Ǫ̸̶ ࠇ̧ ̋ ̤Ǫ̴̲̪̈ˋ̑˻ ̼ҟȉ ߳ǪȎ˲̢̤ǪȎȃȎҨځ̤ǪȇǙǤǪ̸̵ȓҡǪ̴ˈ̌ ̻˴˔ҟȉ ߳Ǫۮ ̢߬Ǫ˲̠߳ǪȇǙǤǪǵȒҡǪ̴ˈ̣ ̾ҟȉ ߳Ǫ ء ȐߚǙ̴˒ҟҟdz̘ ̧ ˕֫ҟȇǙ̴˒ԹȒǫޯ ̝̰˒ҟȇǙ̴ˋʿ˅ݷ ̈ ̧ ̝˒ҟȇǙ̴ˋʿ˅ܩ ̚˒ҟ ̴̙̀˲ˁ˅˾ ˋ̤ǪǮ dzǪdzǶǪࠇ Ҡ Ȑ̪ȓˆ˒ ȐߚȇǙǪٸ˾ ˋ˒ȇː̻Ǫ˰̵˅̵dzǪǶǪٸ̢̚˒ȇ ȊǪٸˤ̚˒ːߟ ߬Ǫ̈̾ˈ˅̰̻˅ؙ˲ҧ̴ȍ̰̪̾̋ˑ ˸ ҧ֖ࠇ . ˑ ̤ȇ˅̰˒ܱ ̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫȇǯ ̸˩ˋ̤Ǫǭٶ ̟ǵȇ ȓǫ ˙Ǫ˲˔߆ ˅ذ˧˅ˍ̪ȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫˇ ̤̾˅˷ ﺎ ّﳖٕﺎﻓ، ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ﺎﻨ ȓҡǪ̳˱̶̤ގ ̰̤̚Ǫ˲˛ȓҡǪࠄ ̊ ˅ࠐ̸ ߆ Ǯ ˴Ȑ̟ǵ˰̜ Ŗ̝̏˕Ǫː̾̑˸ ̭̚߆ ˇ ̤̾˅˷ ˇ ̭˅ˡࠄ ̊ Ǯ ˴̟ǵࠇ̟Ǚ̺ ȓҡǪǙ˘ ˧˅ˋǪ̳˱̶̤ȉ˲̇ ̰̤Ǫ̣ ̾˽ȓˆ˕̤Ǫ Ȑ˒˲˔ȉ ߳Ǫ˲̪ ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫˇ ̤̾˅˷ȓǫȁ˅˸ ˓ȅȓǫ̴̧̾̊ ˇ
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ Ȑ˻̤Ǫ߆ ˅̵˲ˁ˅̇ ̭߆ ȁ˅˸ ˓ࠇ̟ ̾ˋ̤ȇȓǫ˦̾̀ ̸˕̧̥˅Ȑ̪ȔǪǙٶ̰̤Ǫȇȓǫ˲̋ ȓҡǪȅ˅ ȇȓǫǙǺ Ǫ˲̍ dz˅̶˻ ˖˷Ҡ ̤ Ǫ˱̵ࠄ ̊ ˅ؙ ː̻˅̰̟̳˱̵ȇǙࠆ ̝̉Ƕ˅ࠋߵ Ǵẹ̑ ˷˲̪Ƕ˅ࠋǪ˱̵ȇǙː̻Ƕ˅ࠋ̳˱̵ȇː֤̾ޠ ˒ǭǵ˅̋˕̑˷Ǫ̳˱̶̙ǙȂǪǴȇȓǫ̩˸ ̝̤Ǫ ːˋ̑˸ ̮ȇȓǫȀ ̸˽̸̪̬̉ː̻˅̰̟߶ ˒ȇː̚˽ ̬̉ ... ˅̪ȇȓǫ ٕا ˅ر̿ˈ̬̪˶ ̤̿Ǯ Թ˅̬̪̎ߵ Ǵࠃ – ﺐﺴﺣ ̈ ̀ Ǫ̸˕Ǫ˅̰̻ȓǫǵ -̴̤̾ȔǪ̸ˋ˾ ̭˅̪ ˅̰˜˩ˍ̙Ǚ ˗̪ߦȇ˅ࠌ̸̵ Ȑ˸؏˔ː̋ ̀ Ǫ̸ ȇǙ˅ݨ ˅˕̭ȔԴҟǹ ̸˾ ̰̤Ǫ̘ ˽̸ˈ̞ ː̵̰̾߳Ǫ̣ ˨Ǫ˲Ǫȇː̧̝̤̾̋Ǫ˼ ʿ˅˾ ߭Ǫ̬̘̉ ˻ ̢̤Ǫ Ǚː̻˲̢̤̚ǪǮ ҟ̸˩˕̤Ǫȇ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ثﺪﲢ ﱵﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﯿ ȔҟǪː̧̝˨̬̪ǩǵ˅̝̤Ǫ̵̬Ǵ߆ ː Զ ː̵̰̾߳Ǫǭǵ ٕا ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫː̧̝˨ࠃ . ǵ˅̾˗ˬǪ̈ ̙ǪȇdzǮ dzȐ˰̋ ˒˰̝̤ȇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻓ، ﺖﻧﲀ ˅ࠐ˅̰̑˷ǭȇǵǴ و ﺺﻟﺎﳋا ّﺐﳊا ȉ ߳Ǫ۸ ˕Ǫ̂ ˈǪ˲̤Ǫ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Դ˅̰̫֚̋ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ﻮﻫو ߆ ȉ ȏހ ȍ̼ Ǚ̳Ƕ˅ ȔǪḙ̴̑˅̾ˈȇ̴˕̍Ҡ ˈȃȇ˅̰˕̤ȊԹ̸̜ȊǪ˴̙˅˨ȅߑ̙Ǚ˅̰̭˅̠̾ و ˇ ˌ˸ ̤Ǫ ﻟا ﱐﺎﺜ ̧̰̋ ˠȉ ߳Ǫ ﻧﺎ اﺬﲠ عﻮﺿﻮﳌا حﺮﻄ ﲁﺸﻟا " ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﲑﺜﳌا ߆ ȉǶ˅ȔҟǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˒߆ ̳˲˛ȓǫȇ ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ " ﻮﻫ ߦȇ˅ࠌ ٕا ǯ Ǫ˰˨ نزاﻮﺗ ﲇﻘﻌﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﳉاو ﴘﻔﻨﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﳉا ﲔﺑ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫ߆ ː̻˰̝̰̤Ǫȇ ȇȓǫǙ Ȉ˲˧ȓҡԴ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥ގ ̰̤̚Ǫٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤Ǫ۸ ˈ ȓҡǪ̅ ߬ǪȃԷȉ ߳Ǫ ﰱو ۸ ˙˰߾Ǫȇ۸ ̝ˈ˅˸ ̤ǪǮ Դ˅˕̟߆ ، ̲̿ˈȇ ̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫࠆ ̝̤̋Ǫٸ˜˅ ȉ ߳˅ ȅȓǫdzߐ ˋȐ̻̾̏ ː؈˰̝̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫ̺̚ ، و ࠄ ̊ ǭdzԹǶ Ǚߵ Ǵ ߦȇ˅ࠌ ٕا ǭǤǪ˲̜ǭdz˅̊ ˰̻˰ˡ̸̵˅̪ȇ˰̸̵̜˅̪۸ ˈ̈ ߮ ǪȇǙǭ˰̻˰ˡː̾ˣر̪Ǯ Դǵ˅̝̪ȇǮ ˅̾̄ ̋ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ . و ًﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ː̧̪̾ߑ ˔̬̪ ىؤﺮﻟا ﺔﯾﺪﻘﻨﻟا ﲓﻘﻟا نزاﻮﺗو، م Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ߆ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ˅̰̾̋˷ ٕﻻ تﺎﺒﺛ ﰾاردٕا ﲇﻘﻋ ءﺎﻀﻓ ̶̩̙ࠄ ̊ ˅̲̱̻̾̋ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫم ˅̋Ǫ ̧̺̝˕ǪȈ ߱ ، و ﻦﳓ ﰲ م ˅̪̋Ȑȅȓǫ˴̯ҟː˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫ̳˱̵ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﯾ ّﱲ ̣ ̝̤̋Ǫːݨ ̬̪˅ز̦ȔǪȃ̸˽̸̤Ǫ ̳˰˨ȇ ، ࠀ۸ ̧ ̊ ˅ˡ ǭ˰̀˧ȇǭǪdzȓǫȇː̸̻̤ȇȓǫ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̶̩̤̚ ː̭̾Ȓǫ˲̝̤Ǫ ، ˴ˠ˅̳̊˰˨ȇ̴Ȑ̢̲̤ȇǙ̘ ̾ߛ ˕̤Ǫǻ ˅̸̵̲̪ȇ̳dz˅ˋ̉ࠄ ̊ ߷ ːȐݓ̣ ̝̤̋˅̙ ȃ̸˽̸̧ ̥ ٕا باﻮﺼﻟا ّﰻ ﱃ ː̃ ˅˨ȔҟԴȊҠ ̝˕̑˸ ̪˶ ̤̿ȇƯ̈̌ ̧ ̄ Ǫ̶̩̤̚Ǫȇȓǫ Ǯ Ҡ ́ ̋ Ǫ̈̾ݟ߆ Ǥ˅̄ ̧̥̏Ȋ˅̚˺ߐҟȇˇ ̤˅̄ Ǫ̫֖̈̾ . ﳁ ٕﻻا ماد ﺎ ȔҟǪ߆ Ȉ̸̝̤Ǫ̘ ̧ ˕ࠍ۸ ˈȅǶǪ̸˕̤Ǫǭ˰̊ ˅̜ۮ ̝̻ȄҠ ˷ ȅ˅˸ ̮ : ﲔﺑو، ﺪﺴﳉاو حوﺮﻟا ﲔﺑ ﺐﻠﻘﻟاو ﻞﻘﻌﻟا ، ː̧̝̄ Ǫː̭̾˅˨ȇ˲̤Ǫҟȇː̜˲̏Ǫː̻dz˅ǪȐ˲̝̻ҟ̸̶̙ ، ﻻو ҟȇ̳˰˨ẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫȅ˅̄ ̧ ˸ ˉ̬̪ʼ ̻
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ ˉ Ǚ̳˰˨ȇˇ ̧ ̝̤Ǫȅ˅̄ ̧ ˸ ﻮﻬﻓ ː̪ǤǪ̸̪ȇȅǶǪ̸˒ȇ̛ ˷˅̰˒߆ ࠇر̿ˈ̛Ȑ̸̙̻ Ȑ˗̪ࠇ̶̧̋ ֗ ﲔﻠﺼ ȅ˅˸ ̮ ȔҟԴ يدﺎﻔﺘﻟ، ّﺸﻟا تﺎﻓاﺮﳓا فّﺮﻄﺘﻟاو ﻂﻄ . ˅̰˕̤ȇ˅ࠌǮ Ǥ˅ˡ˅̵̰̬̪ȇ ) ﺔﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺔﯾﺪﻘﻨﻟا ( ̤Ǫẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫ۸ ˈȅǶǪ̸˕̤Ǫߵ Ǵ˰̾̋˕̤ ّﻨ ﺲﻔ Ŗ̝̏̀˒߆ ﺎﻨ ȓҡǪǹ ̸˾ ̰̤Ǫ ː̾ˈdz ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇ Ȑ˽˅˭ȇ ˅̲̰̻̿̋ȉ ߳Ǫم Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫː ﺎﻨﻧﻮﻜﻟ ̾؏̱̭ ٕﺎ Ǚ̬̽߱ǪǪ˱̵ࠃ ةﻮﻋدو ﺔﳛﴏ تﺎﺒﺛٕﻻ ȓҡǪ۸ ˈ̣ ̪ߑ ˕̤ǪȇȅǶǪ̸˕̤Ǫ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫࠆ ̝̤̋Ǫٸ˜Ǫȇم Ǫ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫގ ̰̤̚Ǫ˲˛ . و Ƿ ٸˋ̑˷Թȃ̸̜̬̪Ȋ˅̜Ҡ ̄ ̭Ǫ ) : ࠃ ȔǪǬ Ǫ̸ˠȐߘ ȃȇʼ ̻ȅȓǫ̺̏ˍ̱̻ȇǬ Ǫ̸߫Ǫ̬̪̬˸ ˧ȓǫȃǪʼ˸ ̤Ǫ لاﺆﺳ ( DZ˲̃ ˅̰̤ȇ˅˨Ǚ ߧݟ ﻦﻣ ˑ Ŗ̏̆ ܱ ̤ǪːȐ̪˅̶̤Ǫː̙̀˲̋ Ǫȇː̾ˣرǪǮ ҟǧ˅˸ ˖̤Ǫ ˅̰̙̋˰˒ȇԷdzȇǪ˲˔ ٕا اﺬﻫ ﱃ ﺎﳯﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا : Ȑߚː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˘ ˧˅ˋǪ̣ ̵ȇǣː̻ٸ˙ȓˆ˒ː̾̆̚ ȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥̣ ̵ ǣǭٸ˞̪˅̶ ȓǫ ˰ˡ̸˒̣ ̵Ȉ˲˧ȓҡԴȇ ǣǭٸ˞̪ٸ̎Ȉ˲ˬȓǫȇǙǭٸ˞̪ː̎Ҡ ˈ و ːˡǵdẓ ̵ȇǣǹ ̸˾ ̰̤Ǫǰ˅˕̭Ȕҟː̀̾̆̚ ȇːؒ ̜̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜̧̫̥̣ ̵ ٕﻻا ȐߚǭǵԶ ߆ ̬̽˅ˋ˒Ȃ˅̵̰Ȅȓǫː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˘ ˧˅ˋǪ߆ ː̻ȇ˅˸ ˖̪˅̶ Ǯ Ǫٸ˜Ǫːˡǵdz ȇǣ˲ˬȒҡ̺̍Ҡ ˈ̈ ̰̾˽ ̬̪ ̥̣ ̵ ا ﲑﺜﻤﻠ ﻏﻼﺒﻟ ﻲ Ŗ̝̏˒߆ ˲˛ȓǫ ّﻨﻟا ﻲ Ȑ˜Ṛ̛̏֠ ̵ȇǣࠁ̻ȇȓˆ˒ȇم Ȓǫ˲̝̤Ǫ˼ ǣ Ȑޮ ̰̤Ǫ̶̧̩̥̹̖̚د̲̪ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̣ ﺎﻣو ǣم Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ˅̄ ߭ǪǶ˅ ȔԴࠆ ̝̤̋Ǫٸ˜Ǫȇގ ̰̤̚Ǫ˲˛ȓҡǪː̜Ҡ ̊ و ذﺎﳌ ا ﻦﻫذ رﺎﺜﯾ ̴̧̝̀˒Ǥ˅̰˙ȓǫǩǵ˅̝̤Ǫ ﺔﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ؟ Ȑ̸ˠ˲ǪȀ Ǫ˰̵ȓҡǪ̛̝̀˩˕̤ȇ ː̸̤̾އ ː̝̻˲̄ ˈǭ ː̾ˣر̪Ǯ Ǭ̸ ˬǯ Ҡ ˙˘ ˩ˋ̤Ǫ̈ˋȐ˒Ǫ : 1 -Ȑ ܳ ˌ˒ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺞﳯﳌا : ࠆ ̧̾֡ǤǪ˲ˠ ȔԴ : ǽǪ̸̭ȓǫ˰̻˰֡ࠄ ̊ ࠀҠ ˭̬̪ˑ ̧ ˰̜ ː̟ٵ ˻ Ǫǻ ˅̝̰̤Ǫ˰˽ ǵȇǙ̧̺̝˕Ǫ̵̬Ǵ߆ ˅؛˰ˡȇȓǫܱ ̤ǪǬ ˅ˋ̑˷ȓҡǪࠕȓǫȇ˅̶̾̚˽̸˒ȇǮ Ǫٸ˜Ǫ Ȑࠐܱ ̤ǪǮ Դǵ˅̝ǪȇǮ Թ˲̇ ̰̤Ǫ̘ ˽ ȇȇ ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̧̺̝˕̤Ǫǽ̸̀ ̸Ǯ ˰ . 2 -Ȑ ܳ ˌ˒ ّﲏﻔﻟا ﺞﳯﳌا : ֣ࠀҠ ˭̬̪ ،ﲏﻔﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗو ﲑﺴﻔﺗ لوﺎ ﲑﺴﻔﺗو ﱐﺎﻌﻣ و ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻟا ﺔﯾﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﺘﻟﻻد ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜ ȇǽǪ˰ˈԳ ̬̃ Ǫ̸̪ȇ ﻗوﺬﺗ ̬̫ز̧ ̊ Ȁ ̸̸̜̤Ǫȇم Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǶ˅Ȕҟ˅ ː̭Ȑٿ̪ː̾Ȑ̲̙ː̻ǧǵȃҠ ˭ .
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ 3 -Ȑ ܳ ˌ˒ ﳌا ﺞﳯ ࠆ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫ : Ǚǩǵ˅̧̝̥ː̄ ̧ ˸ ̤Ǭ̺ ̋ ̭ࠀҠ ˭̬̪ ̯ȇ ﺰﻛﺮ ̴̧̾̊ ࠁ̊ ˅̚˒Ǥ˅̰˙ȓǫ قdzȓҡǪ˼ ̰̤Ǫ̈ ̪ ȉ ߳Ǫ ﺢﻨﳝ ﻫروﺪﺑ ȓˆ ًادﺎﻌﺑ Ȑ˰̋ ˗̪ ةد ࠁ̻ȇȓˆ˒˰˾ ̜ ، Ơ̧̏ ˗Ȏ̪ߙ ̙ ȅȓǫȃȇ˅֤ ̾́ Ȏ̻ ﻒ ȊǪ˰̻˰ˡȊǪ˰̋ Ȏˈ ، و̻ ̜˅̙Ȓǫ˦˗̚ ًﺎ Ȑࠏǭ˰̻˰ˡ Ȑ˰̋ ˒̬̫́ ̻˅ ﲎﻌﳌاد . و Ȑ̪ȓǫ ˕ݨ Ǫȇܱ ̤ǪǮ Դ̸̋ ˾ ̤Ǫ˅ ﺎﻨ ̢̰̲ؒ ̙̈ ̀ Ǫ̸˕Ǫ̣ ̫̋ ̤ǪǪ˱̵߆ ﺎ ﲇﯾﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﲈﺟٕا : 1 -ȏˡ ҧ˰ ة عﻮﺿﻮﳌا Ǯ ˅̻̚˲̋ ˒Ǥ˅̄ ̉ȔǪ˅̧̰̾̊ ˑ ̀ ˲̙ܱ ̤Ǫ ˿ ̋ ˋ̤ː̝̜̀dzȇː̋ ̪˅ˡ ܱ ̤ǪǮ ˅˪̧ ̄ ˾ Ǫ ȓǫ Ǚ˅̵Էdzǵȇ و ߦȇ˅ࠌ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǮ Ǫٸ˜Ǫ۸ ˈː̟ٵ ˻ ̪Ǯ ҟҟdzǻ ˅ˍ̱˕̑˷Ǫ ː̧̚˕߿Ǫ Ȑdzȓǫܱ ̤ǪǬ ˅ˋ̑˷ȓҡǪǤ˅˾ ˧ ȔǪȇǙ ت ٕا Ȑˍ˖˒ȇǙǮ Ǫٸ˜Ǫ̳˱̵ࠃ ﻊ ﺔﻗﺪﺑ Ȑ˔̸˒Ǯ ˅ˡǵdz ˘ ˩ˍ̪̬̪Ǯ Ǫٸ˜Ǫ˲ ﻲﻏﻼﺑ Ȓҡ ﺮﺧ . 2 -Ȑ˓Ǫ عﺎﺴ Ȑ̋˻ ˓ȇ̳Թ˅́ ̜̣ ˭Ǫ˰˒ȇ˘ ˩ˋ̤Ǫȃ˅ࠋ Ŗ̝̏˕̤Ǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ۸ ˈ˅خ ﻲ ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫȇ كاردٕﻻا ﺔﯿﻠﲻو . 3 -̣ ˭Ǫ˰˕̤Ǫ ﺔﺛاﺪﳊاو ثاﱰﻟا ﲔﺑ . 4 -Ȑ˽˅˭ȇ̈ˠǪ˲Ǫȇǵdz˅˾ ǪȐߧ̜ ȔҟǪː̧̾ȇː̵̰̾߳ǪǮ Ǫٸ˜Ǫȃȇ˅̲˖˒ܱ ̤Ǫː كارد . ﻻٕا ǵ̸˗̙ȇȄȓˆ˷Ȑߘ Ȑܳ ̉˅ˋݓȅǪߴ ̥Ǫࠇ̵ːˋ̍˲̤Ǫȇ̙̈Ǫ߱ǪȐȅȓǫ . ߺ˅̪̋˿ ̋ ˈǤޯ ˒ȅȓǫː˨ȇ˲̃ ȓҡǪ̳˱̵ˑ ̤ȇ˅˨˰̜ȇ ̈ ̪م Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ߆ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̧̺̝˕̤Ǫ ː̧̚˕߿Ǫȁ˅̾̑˸ ̤ǪǮ ˅̾̄ ̋ ̪ . Ȑ˲̄ ˕̤Ǫˇ ˠȇǙǪ˱̵ࠄ ̊ ȊǤ˅̰ˈȇ ق ٕا dz˅دˠԳ ߦȇ˅ࠌȇǙǽ̸̀ ̸ǪǪ˱̵ࠃ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪDZޠ ̧ ̥ǭ˰̻˰ˡː̰ˋ̤Ǥ˅̀̚ ȔǪȇ Ȑ˲ࠋ̂ ̝̙˶ ̤̿Ǚȉ ˰̝̰̤Ǫȇ Ȑˍ˖˒dz ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǮ Թ˲̇ ̰̤ǪȇǤǪǵȓҡǪࠕȓҡ̈ ّﻧٕاو ː̾ˈdzȓҡǪȇː̻˰̝̰̤Ǫȃ̸̝߬Ǫࠄ ̊ ˅د̵̰ؒȇ˰̻˰ˡ̬̪ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫǭdz̸̉ː̭̾ߑ ̪ȔǪ̴˕̧ݟ߆ DZ˲̄ ̻ǙՊޜ ǤǪ˰̭ࠇ ȓǫ˅̶˸ ̛̰̤̚ ̧ ֫ȇǙː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫː̻ǧ˲̤Ǫ̣ ؏̢˕̤Ǚǭ˰̻˰߫Ǫː̧̧̾̾˪˕̤Ǫː̻˰̝̰̤Ǫࠓ˅̰Ǫ̘ ̧ ˕ˮ˅̶̄ ˈǵȇǙː̙̀˲̋ Ǫȇ ًﻘﻓ ﺎ Ȋ˰̻˰ˡ ًﻻﺎﳎو، ا Ȋˍ˧ǵ Ȑ˷̸˕̧̥Ǚ˅ ﺼﻨﻟا ﻢﻬﻓ ﰲ ﻊ ࠁ̻ȇȓˆ˒̸ .
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ و ː̪Ȑ˰̝̪߆ ̩̇ ˕̭Ǫ̣ ̫̋ ̤ǪǪ˱̵̴̧̾̊ ܩ ˌ̭Ǫȉ ߳Ǫ̂ ̄ ߿Ǫ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫ ȃ̸˾ ̙ː̋ ˈǵȓǫẹ̑ ˭˰̪ȇ ː˅˭ȇ . ﺔﻣّﺪﻘﻣ ﻟوﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻨ اود ﺎﳱﻓ ﻓ Ǚ˅̰˕ݨ Ǫȇܱ ̤ǪǮ Դ̸̋ ˾ ̤Ǫȇ˘ ˩ˋ̤Ǫǵ˅̾˗ˬǪ̈ ܱ ̤ǪǮ ˅̤̾ߑ ˺Գ ȇ ، ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺐﯿﻬﻟ ﺖﳗو ﻊﺒّﺘﳌا ﺞﳯﳌاو Ǚ˘ ˩ˋ̧̥ːȐ̪˅̤̋ǪːȐ̄߭Ǫȇ dz˅̚˕̑˷Ǫܱ ̤Ǫ̈ ˠǪ˲Ǫȇǵdz˅˾ Ǫࠕȓǫȇ ﳯﻣ ﺎ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا . ﻓ Ȑ̫́ ˒̣ ˭˰˅ ﻦﻋ ﺚﯾﺪﳊا ﻦ بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا و، ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ Ȑ̬̙ ، و ̊ Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ و ̴̙̀˅̲̙dzǵȓǫ ٸ˸ ̚˕̤Ǫ߆ ̴˒Ǫǵ˅˺ ȔǪȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ ، و ﻔﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺗﺎ ﻠﻠ Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ و ˲̶˺ȓˆˋ̵˅̰؏ˬ ّﻟﺆﻣ تﺎﻔ ߱Ǫ ر س ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا . ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇ ̴̭Ǫ̸̰̉ȇȃȐȇȓҡǪ̣ ˾ ̤̚Ǫ " Ƕ˅ȔҟǪ̸̳ˠȇ̴̬̪ˡȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ " ، ː˙Ҡ ˙ࠄ ̊ ̣ ؏̑˺Ǫ˰̝̙ Ƕ˅ȔҟǪȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥˅ر̪ȃȐȇȓҡǪ˘ ˩ˋǪ˼ Ȑ˾ˬǢ˘ ˧˅ˍ̪ ǿˈȄ̸˷̸Ǫم ˅˜̤Ǫ˘ ˩ˋǪǺ ˲̋ ˕̑˷ǪȇǙ " ː̜Ҡ ̊ Ƕ˅ȔҟԴ̩̇ Ȑ̰̤Ǫ " ː̭̾Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫȃ˅ࠋ߆ ̩̇ Ȑ̰̤Ǫ ǽ̸̀ ̸̪ȇǙȉ Ȑ˰˪˕̤Ǫ̸̳ˠȇȇǙ ̴˗̜Ҡ ̊ ȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜Ǫ ﺐﺗاﺮ ﻢﻈّﻨﻟا ̴̭Ǫ̸̰̉ȇ˘ ̤˅˜̤Ǫ˘ ˩ˋǪ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫǙ " ˗̧̝̫̥˅̝Ǫː̝ˈ˅̄ ̪ː̎Ҡ ˈ ﻀ ˅د̜Ҡ ̊ ̸̤˅߬˅ќ Ƕ˅ȔҟԴ ". ̈ ̝̻ȇǙܳ ̵߳Ǫ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜ǪǪ˱̵̴̙̀˅̲̙Ȑ˲̉Ǚ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫࠆ ̝̤̋Ǫٸ˜̧̫̥̳˅̰˾ ˾ ˬم ˅˜̤Ǫ̣ ˾ ̤̚Ǫ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇ ﻫ ﻮ ː̻˲̇ ̰̤Ǫȇː̾ˣرǪǮ ǪȇdzȓҡǪ̴̬̪̙̀Ǯ ˰̚˕̑˷Ǫ˰̝̙ǙȊ˅́ ̻ȓǫ˘ ˧˅ˍ̪ː˙Ҡ ˙߆ ٸ˭ȓҡǪ ˅ز̦ȔǪˑ ˾ ̧ ˭ܱ ̤Ǫ Ȏ Ǯ Ƕ˲ˊȓǫȇ ﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌ ﲔﺑ ﴘﻔﻨﻟا ﲑﺜﳌا و ﲇﻘﻌﻟا ﲑﺜﳌا Ǫ˱̵Ǭ ˅ˋ̑˷ȓǫȇ̴˒ǵԶȔǪːˡǵdzȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜ǪȄ̸̶̪̚م ˅˜̤Ǫ˘ ˩ˋǪǺ ˲̋ ̻ȇǙ ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇǙٸ˜Ǫ ٸ˭ȓҡǪ˘ ˩ˋǪ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜ǪǺ ˲̋ ̙̀ Ȓߒ اد ة ܳ ̵߳Ǫ̘ ˾ ̋ ̧ ̥ . ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟاو " ̤ǪǮ Ǫٸ˜ǪȈ̸̜ȓǫ ﺒ ﺔﯿﻏﻼ " ˅̰̝̀˕̭Ǫ ٸ˜Ǫ̴̙̀ تا Ȉ̸̜ȓҡǪː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﲎﻌﳌا ﻊﻨﺻ ﰲ ٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤Ǫȇ ﰲ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌا ) ف˅̢̲̤Ǫٸ˜ǪȇǙȉǵ˅̋˕̑˷Գ ٸ˜ǪȇǙȉǶ˅߽Ǫٸ˜Ǫ ( . ̴˒dz˲̙ȓǫٸ˭ȓҡǪȇ̈ ˈǪ˲̤Ǫ̣ ˾ ̤̚Ǫ߆ ȇ " ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Դ̴˗̜Ҡ ̊ ȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜̧̫̥ " ː˙Ҡ ˙ࠄ ̊ ٸ˭ȓҡǪ̸̵Ȉ̸̄ ̭Ǫ Ȑ̫́ ˒ȃȇȓҡǪ˘ ˩ˋǪǙ˘ ˧˅ˍ̪ Ȅ̸̶̪̬̉̚˘ ̻˰߬Ǫ̬ Դ̴˗̜Ҡ ̊ ẹ̑ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﲑﺜﳌ ﺔﻌﯿﺒﻃ و ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫ Ȑ˰̋ ̻ȉ ߳Ǫ ̺̍Ҡ ˈٸ˜ːˈ˅ˤ˕̑˷Ǫ .
ﱠﺪﻘﻣ ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺔــــــ Ȏˬم ˅˜̤Ǫ˘ ˩ˋǪ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇ ِّﺼ ﺺ ﻻ ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Դ̴˗̜Ҡ ̊ ȇܩ ̋ Ǫȃۡ ˧ ˅˜̤Ǫ˘ ˩ˋǪǺ ˲̋ ̻ȇǙ ﺚﻟ ǭǤǪ˲̝̤Ǫ߆ Ȅߔ ː̠̾˲˧ȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫٸ˜Ǫȇ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌاو ﺺّﻨﻟا ﲔﺑ ﲎﻌﳌا ː̜Ҡ ̊ ȇ ﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﲑﺜﳌا ﯿﺒ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻟﺎ ﳈ ߧ˨˲ ȓǫ ː̧̫̾̋ ̤ࠃ ȇ ̧̺̝˕Ǫȇǽ˰ˋǪ۸ ˈǵǪ̸߬Ǫࠄ ̊ Ȅ̸̝˒ܱ ̤Ǫː̻dz̸ˠ̸̤Ǫː̟ǵ˅˻ Ǫ . Ǫ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇ ّﲷ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﲤﺎﳋ ː̾̑˷˅˷ȓҡǪԻ˅˕̰̤Ǫˑ ˅ز̦ȔǪ˼ ̧ ˭ܱ ̤Ǫː̧̫̾̋ ̤Ǫߧ˨˲̤Ǫ̳˱̵dz̸̶߽ߧ˽̸˧ȇǙ ̈ ˠǪ˲Ǫȇǵdz˅˾ ̧̫̥ː˅̝ˈܲ ֠ˑ ̧ ̻Ǵ˰̜ȇǙ˘ ˩ˋ̤Ǫ Ǯ ˅̸̊̀ ̸̧̫̥ˑ ˷˲̶̙ȇ . و ȅȓǫ̣ ̪ȓˆ̭ ̯ ﺪﻗ نﻮﻜ ̀̚ ȓǫ ˅̲ ǙȊǪ˰̻˰ˡː̻˰̝̰̤Ǫȇː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱Ǫࠃ ȔǪ ﲈﻛو ߆ ȅ̸̢̽ȅȓǫ̣ ̪Ȓǫ ː̭ԴȔǪȇǙṚ̏ˡȇȐ˴̉߷ Ǭ ˅˗̢̤ː̪˰˭ː˜̻˰߬Ǫࠓ˅̰Ǫ˿ ̋ ˈǤ̸̀ ߆ ˴ˣ̋ Ǫم Ȓǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ˅̄ ˮ̧ ̥ːˈǵ˅̝Ǫ̳˱̵ ﻩزﺎﲺٕا ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ . Ȑˡ̸˒ȓǫȇ ࠄ ̊ ގ ̸̮̪ˇ ̾ˍ˧ǵ̸˕̟߱Ǫȉ Ǵ˅˕̑˷ȓҡȅ˅̙˲̋ ̤Ǫ̣ ̻˴ˠȇ˲̢˻ ̤Ǫ˼ ̤˅̴֪ ﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﻪﺘﻃﺎﺳو Ȑ˴̉߷ ȃȓˆ˷ȓǫȇǙː˨ȇ˲̃ ȓҡǪ̳˱̵Ƕ˅֙ȔǪ߆ ࠅ ȅ̸̉ٸ˭̴˒˅̇ ˧Ҡ ̪ˑ ̭ߐȉ ߳ǪȇǙː̾ ȅȓǫ̣ ˡȇ ࠀȂǵ˅ˋ̻ ̧̫̊ ߆ ﻪ ࠁȇ ̳߱ȇȇ . Ȑˡ̸˕̭ٸ˭ȓҡǪ߆ ȇ Ǫ˱̵Ƕ˅֙ȔǪ߆ ǭ˰̊ ˅˸ Ǫȇȅ̸̋ ̤ǪȐ˰̻˅̰̤ȄȐ˰̜̬̪Ȑߘ ࠃ ȔǪ̣ ̻˴߫Ǫ˲̢˻ ̤Դ̴ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا . ̣ ̀ˌ˸ ̤Ǫȉ ˰ء̸̵ȇ˰˾ ̝̤ǪǤǪǵȇ̬̪߷ ȇ . ȉ ˰̾ࠐǵ̸˾ ̲̪ مﻮﯾ ترﺎﯿﺗ : 25 / 09 / 2016
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بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟا
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا
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ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȐ̬̙
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ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̊
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ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̘ ̻˲̋ ˒
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ٸ˸ ̚˕̤Ǫ߆ ̴˒Ǫǵ˅˺ ȔǪȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ
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̴˒˅̚Ȑ̤ʼ̪ȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ
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بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ﺪﻘﻟ ࠘ ȇǮ Ǫ̸̉߱Ǫẹ̑ ˪̰̤Ǫȇˇ ̵Ǫ˱Ǫ˅ر̉Ǯ ˴ܱ ̤ǪȈٴ ̢̤Ǫː̝̝̀߬ԴȄҠ ˷ȔҟǪǤ˅ˡ ) ̣ ̪ߑ ˔ ﲓﻘﻟا ( ȅ˅̢̤̀ǪȇǙۮ ̝̤Ǫ̳˱̵̛ Ȑˋ̄ ̻ȉ ߳Ǫ̴˸ ̭̚ȅ˅˸ ̮ ȔҟǪȐȅȓǫࠃ ȔǪ̴ȐߚǪ˱̵̈ ˠ˲̪ȇǙ̈ ؏߽Ǫ߆ ȇȅ˅˸ ̮ȔҟǪ߆ ̺̝˕̧˒ȉ ߳Ǫ ǭ˰̝̤̀̋Ǫȃ˅ࠋ߆ ˇ ̧ ̝̤Ǫẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫ̂ ˈǪ˲˔ǵȐ˲̝̻ȄҠ ˷ȔҟǪȇỤ̈̌ ̝̤̋Ǫȇː̃̚ ˅̤̋ǪȇǙǭȐdz˅ǪȇDZȇ˲̤Ǫ̴̙̀ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌا لﺎﳎ ﰲو Ụ̈̌ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤ǪȇǭǤǪ˲̝̤Ǫȃ˅ࠋ߆ ȇ ̻ȉ ߳Ǫ̸̵̬̪ʼ Ǫȇ ﻘ ȅǪ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫࠄ ̊ ̴̭˅؈ȔǪȄ̸ ǵ̸̋ ˻ ̤Ǫȇ˲̢̤̚Ǫ۸ ˈȉ ȓǫǙȊ˅̪̋ . و Ǫ ̣ ̝̤̋Ǫː̾̆̚ ̸̙Ǚǭ˰˨Ǫȇː̻˅̎ࠄ ̊ Ǚˇ ̧ ̝̤Դ̺̝˕̧̻̣ ̝̤̋Ǫ Ǭ ˅ˋ̑˷ȓҡǪȇǮ Թ˅̤̏Ǫ ߆ ˲̇ ̰̤ ǙȄҟȒǫȇ˱ʿǪ̬̪߳˶ ̚Ȑ̰̤Ǫ߆ ǯ ˰֤˅̪ȇܳ ̃ ˅ˋ̤Ǫݮ ȇ˲̤Ǫǵ̸̋ ˻ ̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ˅̧̰̋ ̄ ̻ȅǪ˰ˡ̸̤ǪȇǙǮ ˅ˍˌ˸ Ǫȇ ࠇر̪Հ˴̪˅Ȑر̢̤ȇː˾ ̤˅˭ː̭̾Ǫ˰ˡȇҟȇː˾ ̤˅˭ː̧̝̾̉ˑ ˸ ̤̿ː̙˲̋ Ǫࠅ ˅Ȑ˕̤Դȇ . ȔǪˑ ̙˲֣Ǫː̭̾Ǫ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫː̙˲̋ Ǫȅȓˆ˺̬̪ˑ ̧ ̊ ȓǫܱ ̤Ǫˇ ̵Ǫ˱Ǫࠃ ȔǪԷ˲̇ ̸̭̤ Ȑܧ ˧ȇ Ǚː̸̙̀˾ ̤Ǫࠃ Ȑ˜؈ҟࠇ̵ߔ ȇǙȃǪٿ̊ Գ ࠃ ȔǪˑ ̙˲֣Ǫː̧̝̤̾̋Ǫː̙˲̋ Ǫȅȓˆ˺̬̪ˑ ̧ ̊ ȓǫܱ ̤Ǫˇ ̵Ǫ˱Ǫȇ مﻼﺳٕﻻا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻞ ȅǪ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫ̈ ̪̣ ̝̤̋Ǫ̺̝˕̧̻˘ ̀˧̈ ̪˅߫Ǫ . ˅̪Ǫ˱̵ȇǙˇ ̧ ̝̤Ǫẹ̑ ̝̤̋Ǫ۸ ˈː̋ ̪˅ˡǭ˲̇ ̰ˈȐ۫˒ࠇȐ̭ȔǪː̙˲̋ Ǫː̝̝̀ ّﰎ ٸ˸ ̤Ǫȇ̴̀ˬ̸˒ اﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﰲ ﻪﻘﻓو ـﺑ مﻮﺳﻮﳌا " ﲑﺜﳌا ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ߆ ȉǶ˅ȔҟǪǬ ˅̄ ߭Ǫ̣ ̻ȇȓˆ˒߆ ̳˲˛ȓǫȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ". و Ȋ˅ˋ̻˲̝˒ Ȑ Ҡ ˡ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫˑ ̤ȇ˅̰˒ܱ ̤Ǫː؈˰̝̤ǪǮ ˅˷Ǫǵ߱ ز̙˅ˋ̪̾̏Է˅̀˧ȓǫࠆ ̝̤̋Ǫˇ ̭˅߫Ǫ˰֙ ﺎ و، ﺗ ﱄﻮ Ȑ̰̤Ǫٸ˙ȓˆ˕̧̥ǭٸˋ̠ː̻˅̰̉ ﴘﻔ ) ގ ̰̤̚Ǫ˲˛ȓҡǪ ( ، ﱵﻟا ̴˕˩̲̪ ّﲒﳊا ȓҡǪ ؟̸˗̪߆ ٴ ̟ ﺎ ﺔﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا Ǚː̻˰̝̰̤Ǫȇ ǹ ̸˾ ̧̧̰̥̺̝˕̤Ǫː̧̾ ߆ ࠁ̝̉ࠄ ̊ ˰؏̻̋ҟǙǮ ҟ˅̀ˬȇ̘ ̃ Ǫ̸̬̉̉ǭǵ˅ˋ̉̂ ̧̝̙̺̝˕ǪȐȅȓߒȇ ﺔﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا . ȃ̸̝̤̋Ǫȅȇdzː̭̾˅˸ ̮ ȔҟǪ˶ ̭̚ȓҡǪˇ ̃ ˅˯˕̤Ǯ ˰ˡȇː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫǹ ̸˾ ̰̤ǪȐȅȓߒȇ . ˲˩˸ ̤ǪȇǭǴ̸̋ ˻ ̤ǪȇǮ ˅̙Ǫ˲߭ǪȇȄ˅̵ȇȓҡǪ̬̪̳ǵȐ˲˧ȉ ߳Ǫࠁ̝̋ˈȅ˅˸ ̮ȔҟǪ̙̈ǵࠃ ˅̋˒߷ ȐȅȓǫǪ̸˸ ̮ȇ ̤ǪǙٸ̃ ˅˷ȓҡǪȇ ḛ̸߽̏Ǫȇȓǫ˰˺Ǫ˲̤Ǫٸ̎ޜ ˅̝̤Ǫ̘ Ȑߛ ̙̽Ǫ߳ȇǢ˅̶̧ˡȓǫ̬̪ǽdzȇȓǫܱ ̤Ǫː̻˅̤̏Ǫ̬̳̉˰Ȑ̝̀˒ܱ ǭ˰̊ ˅̧̝̥Ȋ˅̝ˋ̃ ۸ ̧ ̜˅̤̋Ǫ̴ˈ̘ Ȑߚ˅̸̳˕̋ǪȇȓǫࠁˈȓҡǪȇȓǫ : ˇ ˠȇȓǫ˅̪̂ ̝˷ȓǫǢˇ ̵ȇ˅̪˱˭ȓǫǪǴȔǪ߷ ȐȅȔǪ .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا Ȋdz˅̲˖˷Ǫȇ Ǫ˱̵ࠄ ̊ Ǫ ؛ ۸ ̵Ǫٴ ̤Ǫȇ˰̵Ǫ̸˻ ̤Ǫ̈ ̾ݟޮ ̝˕̑˸ ̼ȅȓˆˈ̘ Ȑߛ ̪ȅ˅˸ ̮ ȔҟǪ ȐȅȔ˅̙ ȐߦdzȓҡǪȇ Ȑ˰̻ȐҟȓǫȇǙ˅̵ǵdz˅˾ ̪̈ ̾ݟ̬̪ː̝̝̀߬ǪȈ Ȑ˲˩˕̻ȅȓǫȇǙ˟ˣ߬Ǫȇ ȃ̸˽̸̧ ̥ː̵̰̾Ǵː̜˅̃ ȇȓǫࠆ ̝̉˰ݨ ȉ ȓǫ˲ˬ ܲ ˩ˋ̤ǪǤ˅˾ ̝˕̑˷ҟԴ̹̫˸ ̼˅̪Ǫ˱̵ȇ˅ز̦ȔǪ 1 . ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȇ ̸̶̪̪̚ǵȐ˲̝̻ ̥˅ ̳ǵȐ̸˽ȉ ߳Ǫ̸˩̰̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ̣ ̧̝̋ " ȏ̝ȑ̋ȍ̻ȋǬ̸Ȏ̧Ȏ̜ȑ̩Ȏ̶ȍ̤ȍȅ̸Ȏ̢ȍ˗ȍ̙ ȏǺ ȑǵҫȑҡǪ ȏ߆ ǪȇȎٸ ȏ˸ȍ̼ȑȍȍ̙ҫǫ َنﻮُﻠ ... " 2 . و ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌا ﻞﺼﯾ -ࠀҠ ˭̬̪ -ࠃ ȔǪٸ˭ȓҡǪ߆ ̳Ǫ˲̢˕̑˷Ǫȇ̂ ̄ ˺ȇǺ ǵ˅̋˒ȅȇdzȊ˅˪̾ޗ Ȋࠇ̶̙ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ߆ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫم ˅̋Ǫ̶̩̙ . ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻠﺻﻮﺗو ﻊﺿاﻮﺘﳌا ȓˆќ̤ȔǪ ّن ّﰻ Ȑߙ ˊȇː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˘ ˧˅ˋǪ ȅǪٸ˙ȓˆ˒˅̶̤˅̶̋̾̀ Ǫ̸̪ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌا ﰲ : 1 -ٸ˞̪ ﴘﻔﻧ ﺔﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﰲ ȅ̸̢̽ ˶ ̭̚Ȉ̸˕̑˸ ̪ࠄ ̊ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̴˕˙˰˨ȓǫܱ ̤ǪȅǪ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫȇ˼ ̾ˮ˻ ˖̤Ǫȇ˲̸̽˾ ˕̤ԴǪ˲˛ȓˆ˗̧̪̺̝˕Ǫ ̧̺̝˕̤Ǫː̧̾ Ǥ˅̰˙ȓǫ . 2 -ٸ˞̪ ﲇﻘﻋ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﰲ ﯿﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺔ ̵̬ǴȈ̸˕̑˸ ̪ࠄ ̊ ȅ̸̢̽ ̬̪ʼ ̧̻̺̝˕Ǫ ȂǪǵdzȔҟԴ ȔҟԴǪ˲˛ȓˆ˗̪ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˟̾̑˸ ̱ ̤Ǫ߆ ːߛ ˻ ˖ǪǮ ǪǤ˅̊dzԳ ȇǮ ˅˨Թ˴̯ . ̶̩̤̚Ǫ˶ ̿˷ȓˆ˒ȇܩ ̋ ǪǤ˅̰ˈ߆ ȅࠇ̵˅˸ ̼ࠇ̵ߔ ȇ . Ǫ˱̵Ǥ˅ˡȇ حﺮﻄﻟا ҟȇȓǫ ٕﻻ ߆ ȅǶǪ̸˕̤Ǫ̬̪ǽ̸̛̭ ̧ ˭˅̭̾ԶȇǙː؈˰̝̤Ǫː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥˰̻˰ˡ˘ ̋ ˈǭdz˅̊ ȔҟǪࠆ ̝̤̋ǪȈ̸˕̑˸ ̪ࠄ ̊ ȇم Ǫ˰ˡ̸̤Ǫȇ̺̃̚ ˅̤̋Ǫގ ̰̤̚ǪȈ̸˕̑˸ Ǫࠄ ̊ ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ̺̃ ˅̋˒ ﰾارد Ȑ ܧ ˧ܳ ̵߳Ǫ ȓҡǪ˼ ̰̤Ǫȃ˅֤ҟ ﰊد ٕا ȇǮ ҟ˅̀ˬࠃ Ȑ˽ٵ ˈǙȅߑ Ǫȇȅ˅̪˴̤Ǫdz̸̝̀ˈ̂ ˋ˒˲˔ҟȄ˅̵ȇȓǫ ȃǪ̸˧ȓҡǪԷ˰ ّﻨﻟا ˅̶̧̧ ̊ ȇ˅ؙ˅ˋ̑˷ȓǫȇː̾̑˸ ̚ . Ȑ ܧ ˧ː̧̝̤̾̋Ǫˇ ̭Ǫ̸߫Ǫࠄ ̊ ҟȇ Ǭ dzȓҡǪȃ˅֤ҟ ٕا ː̻ǵ˅̪̾̋ː̧̝̾̉ː̤̏ࠃ ː̝̀̄ ̲̪ Ȑ̙˅ˡ Ȑ ܧ ˧ߵ ˱̟ȇǙː Ǯ ҟ˅̭̋̚Գ ܴ ̍Ҡ ˈ˰̰̉˲˛ȓҡǪǭ˲̢̙˿ ̙˲̯ҟ . بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا 1 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : Ǚ̺̋ ̪˅߫ǪǬ ˅˗̢̤ǪǵǪdzǙܳ ̵߳Ǫ̘ ˾ ̋ ̤Ǫː̾ˣ̾˒Ǫٵ ˷ǪǙː̰̑˷Ǫ˲̠DZҠ ̙dz˅ݨ Ǚܳ ̪̀Ǫ˲̤Ǫ߷ ˦˗̙̬ˊǶǪ̸̙ ǻ Ǚǭ˰˪˕Ǫː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤ǪǮ Ǫǵ˅̪Գ Ǚ۸ ̋ ̤Ǫ 1،1427 ه ، 2007 ص،م : 35 . 2 ّﺞﳊا : 46 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ﲅﻌﻧ ﲈﻛو Ȑȅȓǫ ﻧ ةاﻮ ̺̚Ȑߛ˻ ˖˒˘ ˩ˋ̤Ǫ ﲥﺎﺒﺘﻋ ﺎ ȓҡǪ ﱃو ، ˅̰̻ȓˆ˒ǵǪǪ߳ ː̻Ǫ˰ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ʿǵ˅̝̤Ǫ̳˅ˍ˖̭Ǫˑ ̤̚ ٕﺎ ۸ ̊ ̸̀ ̸̪ࠃ ّﻣﺎﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﲔ ، ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ȓҡǪ ّو ˩̰̻ȃ Ȑ˜؏̽م ˅˜̤ǪȇǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȐ̬̙߆ ޠ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̊ ߆ ̣ . 1 -ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȐ̬̙ : ː̧̥̏Ǫˑ ̧ ؏̟Ǫ˱̲̪˅؛˅̧̝˨ȓǫ˰ˋ˒Ǚߧ̸̻̃ ߧ˸ ̧ ˷ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪՔǵԵ Ȑ˰̋ ˒ȐǙː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫ د ت ﺖﻟاﻮﺗو تﺎﻘﻠﳊا ﻩﺬﻫ Ȑ˲̪ȇǙː̰̻˅ˋ˗̪ǵ̸˾ ̉ȇǙː̧̚˕ࠍǵǪ̸̃ ȓǫ߆ ّﻮﻗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﺑ ت َﺿو ة ﻒﻌ ٕا، Ȑ̜ȇȅȓǫࠃ ːޚ ǪȇȄ̸˷ǵȇdzȇ˰˨˰̰̉ˑ ̚ ، ﱂ Ǥދ ˅ز̦ȔǪ̘ ́ ̻ و، ˴ˣ̰ߞː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȐȅȔǪ ، Ȑܳ ̙̘ ̾̆ ̸˕̟ȇ ̶̺̖̙ ﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺔ دﻮﺟﻮﻟا ﰲ Ǚ˰̝̾̋˒ȇ̋ ̡ː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥ Է˰̊ ̸̧ ̙ ٕا ﱃ ﺪﳒ، ﲇﻫﺎﳉا ﴫﻌﻟا ّﳣﳞ ءاﺮﻌﺸﻟا Ǚ̩؛Ǫǵ˅ˋ̉ȇ̶̩̆ ˅̤̚ȓǫ˦̝̲̀˖ˈȅ̸ Ȑ˛ʼ̻˅̪˅ر̪ȅȇǵ˅˕֮ȇ ȓҡǪࠄ ̊ ˲ ، عﲈﺳ ﺔﯾﺎﻨﻋ نﻮﻨﻌﯾو Ȑߘ ߆ ȃǪ̸˧ȓҡǪȇǮ ˅ˋ̑˷˅̰Ǫǭ˅̊Ǫ˲ː̝ʿ˅̙ ҟȇ˅ر̸̉ˍ̱̻ȅߑ ̪߆ ː̫ߚ̈ ̀ ̸˒ȅȓǫ̶̩˸ ̭̚ȓҡȅ̸̀ ˲̽ҟȇǙǪ̸̤˅̜˅̪ Ȑ̰̤Ǫ˰֙ࠇ̟Ǚ˅ؙ̛ ̧̻̾ ˈː̾ˈdzȓҡǪȃࠇ̉ȓҡǪࠄ ̊ ȅ̸ߟ ֤ҟ̬̽߳Ǫdz˅̝ Ȑ̭ȔǪȇǙː̾˒Ǫ߳ǪȇȈ̸̶̤Ǫ̈ ̙Ǫ˰ ࠄ ̊ ̩ࠐߑ ˧ȓǫȅ̸̲ˌ̻ࠇ Ȑ˲̜ȓǫȃ̸˽ȓǫȇ˰̊ Ǫ̸̜̬̪Ƿ ˅˷ȓǫ ̩د̧̝̾˷ȇ̩؛˲̄ ̚ˈǙࠕǵ̸̶ݟ˅ؙȀ ٵ ̊ ǪȇǙ˅̵ȇ 1 . ﻓ ٕﺎ Ȑ̪ȓǫǬ ˲̋ ̤ǪȐȅ ˇ ̤̾˅˷ȓǫˑ ؒ ̜ȓǫ̩ؗߐǴȇ̩د̰̄ ̙ː̪˅̊dzࠄ ̋ ̙ǙȄ˅̶̙ȓҡǪː̰̄ ̙ȇՅǪ˲̝̤ǪǤߐǴࠄ ̊ ˑ ̧ ˍȎˠː ȔҟǪȅߐߵ ߳ȇǙ̩ؗ˅̧̏ˈȄߔ ː˽ ˅֪ȇǙ̩ࠐߔ زﺎﳚ ۸ ̋ ̪˅˸ ̤ǪȄ˅̶̙ȓǫࠄ ̊ ۸ ̫ߛ ˕Ǫdzۡ ̉ҟ̩د̍Ҡ ˈdz̸ . ̣ ˡȓҡȇ ̩ࠐߔ ߆ ٶ̟ߵ Ǵ : ȇǙǶ˅߽Ǫ Գ ǭǵ˅̋˕̑˷ ː̻˅̢̲̤ǪȇỤ̈̌ ̾˜؏̦ǪȇǙ ˿ ̻˲̋ ˕̤ǪȇǙ Գ ȇ كاﱰﺷ ȃࠇ̋ ˕̑˷Գ ߆ ˦̪˅˸ ˖̤Ǫȇ و، ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺒﳌﰷ Գ dzǪ˲̄ ˕̑˷ ȓҡǪȇǙˇ ̠̾Ǫٵ ̤ǪǮ ˅̋ˍ˖˕̑˸ ̪ȇ ٸ̎߆ ː̻ٴ ߭Ǫߧ߮ Ǫȃࠇ̋ ˕̑˷ǪȇǙ˦̧̾؏̦ǪȇǙ˦̧̫̾˕̤ǪȇǙȃ˅˞̪ ٕا ةدﺎﻓ ȃࠇ̋ ˕̑˷ǪȇǙː̻ٴ ߭Ǫːˋ̑˸ ̱ ̤Ǫ Գ Ȅ˅̶̚˕̑˷ ˲̽˲̝˕̤Ǫ߆ ȓǫ ٕﻻا و ǵߑ ̯ ." ˲ˬ˴˔˅̵˰֚ː̵̧̾˅߫Ǫ߆ Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫǵ˅̋˺ȓǫ˦̚˾ ˕̻̬̪ȇ Ǯ ˅زˌ˻ ˖̤Դ Գ ȇ Ǯ Ǫǵ˅̋˕̑˷ ۸ ˨̬̪˅ز̙˲˛˅̲˖˒ȇǙǮ Թ˅̢̲̤Ǫȇ ٕا Ȑߘ ȇǙǮ Ҡ ˈ˅̝ǪȇǮ ˅˷˅̰߫ǪȅǪ̸̤ȓǫ۸ ˨ࠃ ﺚﻌﺒﯾ ﺎﻣ ȃ˅߮ ǪȇǭȐߴ̥Ǫȇː̋ ˕ǪȄߕ ̤Ǫ߆ " 2 . رّﻮﺻ ﺪﻗو ࠀ̸̜߆ ̳˲̋ ˺ˇ ̻˱؛߆ ˲̉˅˻ ̤Ǫ̴̜̀Ҡ ̻ȉ ߳Ǫ˰̶߫ǪǪ˱̵ٸ̵Ƕ̬ˊˇ ̋ ̡ 3 : َﳁ ْﻦ ȏ̥ َﻘﻠـ َﻮ ِﰲا َﺷ ̭ȓˆ َـــ َﻣ ﺎﻬ ȑ̲ȍ̾ ُﺤ ُﻛﻮ َـــ ﺎﻬ َذٕا َﻣ ا َﻛ ىﻮَﺛ ﺎ ْﻌ َو ٌﺐ َﻓ Ȏȃȍȇȑ˲ȍˠǶҧ̸ ȊǪ˰˨Ǫȇ ȏǷ ˅̰̤Ǫ̬ ȏ̪̹ȍ̝ŗ̏˒ҟȍ̞Ȏ˕̟̀̚ ˅رȏ̪ọ̏ҧ˯̰˒ ˅̪̣ ȑ˞ȏ̪ Ọ̑ҧ˯̲˖Ȏ̻ 1 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : ǻ dzǙǭ˲̵˅̝̤ǪǙː̻ޠ Ǫ̸̧ ֙ȓҡǪːˋ˗̢̪Ǚ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ˰̰̉ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˶ ̻̿˅̝ǪǙ̴ˈǵ˰ˋ̉˰̾̑˸ ̤Ǫȉ Ƕ̸̙ , 2005 ص، :4 . 2 ص،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻊﺟﺮﳌا : 47 . 3 ǰǙم ˅̎ȓҡǪ :2 ǹ Ǚː̻ޠ Ǫˇ ˗̢̤ǪǵǪdzǙ : 165 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا َﻧȑ˞ Ȏ̝̒̒̚ َﻬ˅̒ َﺣ ҧ ܧ َﺗ ِﻠ Ȏ۸̒ ُﻣȎ˗ ُﳖﻮ َﻓ ﺎ ȑ̝̒̀ َ ُﴫ َﻋȑ̲ ـ ــ َﻬ ُﻛ ﺎ ــــــ ȍ̪Ҩ̣ Ọ̑̒Ȑ˞ȍ̫ȍ˕Ȏ̻˅ 1 ؛dz˅ˡȔǪȇȄߕ ̤Ǫ̈ ̾˽˲˔߆ Ǫ̸̰Ȑ̲̚˒Ǭ ˲̋ ̤ǪǪ˱̵̢ȇ ̴˗̙˲ˬǶȇ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫ̛ ̾ؑ˔̸ ،" ȐҟȔǪǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ̬̉˲˛ʼ̻̙ Ȑ ۷ ̚˕̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ࠕǵǪ˰˗̜ǪȇǙȃ̸̝̤Ǫː˨˅˾ ̙ȇǙȄߕ ̤Ǫː̊ ˅̰˽ Ǚȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǬ ޞ ȓǫ߆ ﻢﳱﻓ ﱶﻛ ﺪﻘﻓ – ̩د̵̧̾˅ˡ˱̲̪ -̸̵̣ ʿ˅̵ǯ Ǫ˲˔̞ ˂̤ȇȓǫȇǤҟʼ ̵̬̪̩ࠂȅߐȇǙȃ˅˞̪ȓҡǪȇߝ ߬ǪǬ Դǵȓǫȇȩ̸̝̏̚ǪǤ˅ˋ̄ ߭ǪȇǙȃ̸˩̤̚ǪǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫ ࠎȓҡǪ˲ˁ˅˷ࠄ ̊ ˅ؙǪ̸̧ ́ ̙ܱ ̤Ǫː̫˸ ̤ǪȇǙǭǶǵ˅ˋ̤Ǫ̩د̪Ҡ ̊ " 2 . ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇ ː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫ ˅Ҥ̲̙˅̶̚˽̸ˈ ، Ȋ˅ˋ̲ˠǮ ȓˆ˻ ̮˰̝̤ ٕا Ǚ˦̾˾ ̤̚ǪǬ ˲̋ ̤ǪȄߔ ̈ ̪ˇ ̲ˠࠃ ﰲ ﱒﺪﺋﺎﺼﻗو ﺔﯿﻠﻫﺎﳉا . ̬̽˰˺ԷǙː̻˅̰̉ࠇҧ̻ȓǫ̩؛Ǫǵ˅ˋ̉ȇǙ̶̩̆ ˅̤̚ȓˆˈḛ̸̏˕̻̋ࠕǧ˅̧̏ˈȇǬ ˲̋ ̤ǪǤ˅˪˾ ̙ȅߑ ̙ ٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤Ǫ ّﻛﺮُﻣ،ﲔﻌﻣﺎﺴﻟا ﰲ ̬̽˴ Ǚȅȇ˰̻˲̽ȉ ߳Ǫܩ ̋ Ǫȃ˅˾ ̻ȔǪࠄ ̊ ˑ ޚ ȓǫ Ȑܧ ˧ ࠕ˰̰̉ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ " ˦̾˾ ̙̅ ̧̚ˈdz̸˾ ̝Ǫٸˋ̋˕̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ˅ؙǵ˰˗̝Ȏ̻ː̢̧ ̪ " 3 ȊǪȐٴ ̋ ̪˦̾˾ ̤̚ǪȄߕ ̤Ǫȅ̸̢̽ҟȇǙ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȐȅȓҡǢȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̴̝˗̝ˈ˅̄ ҟȔǪdz̸˾ ̝Ǫ̬̉ " Ȅߕ ̤Ǫː̝ˈ˅̄ ̪࠘ ̴˗˧˅˾ ̙ȇȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̝ " 4 . ّنٕﺎﻓ Ȑߛ ˔ȅȇdzǙ˅د̧̝̾˷ࠄ ̊ ː̧̥̏Ǫˑ ̝̄ ̭Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ Ȑࠏȁ̸˸ ̮ȇǙǙǭԷ˅̪̋ȇ̘ ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫࠀ˅̜˅ 5 ߵ Ǵ߆ " نﰷ ّﺸﻟا Ҭǫ˅̪Ȑࠕȓǫ̸̵Ȅߕ ̤ǪȐ̬̙ȇ˲̋ Ȑ؟ȓǫȨ̸̏ ̋ Ǫ̬߂ǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ̬̉˲˛ ː̊ ˅̰˾ ̤Ǫ̳˱̵߆ Ǫ̸̧ ˽ȇ̩ ٕا ː̋ ̙̀ǵːˡǵdzࠃ ﻦﻣ Ȋː̧̝̾˷̩ز̙ǵ˅˾ ̙ȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǪ˱̵̩ࠂȄ˅̝˕̑˷Ǫ˰̜ȇǙȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ ȐҟȔǪ̴˸ ̭̘̚ Ȑߛ ̽ҟ̩ر̪˰˨Ǫ̸̤Ǫȅߑ ̙ǙȊ˅̋ˋ̃ ȇ ȅȓǫ ﻪّﳘ فﴫﯾ ٕا ̪̩د̱ ˸ ̤ȓˆˈ̩ࠂ̸̝̉ȩ̸ؙ̩̑ ̜ˑ ˠٿ̪Ǫ˰̜ȇǙȊҟ˅̀˝̭ǪǼ˅̤̚ȓҡǪ̴̧̾̊ ȃ˅˞̱˒ȇǙȊҟ˅˷ǵȔǪم ˅̋Ǫ̴̾˒ȓˆ˗̙Ȅߕ ̤Ǫࠃ ﻦ Ȑߛ ˔ٸ̎ ّﻔﲢ ﻻو،ﺪﺼﻗ ﻻو ﻒ ﺐﻠﻃ ﻻو ﻆ " 6 ࠄ ̊ Ǫȇ˲̄ ̙ȇǙȅ˅˸ ̧ ̥Ǫː̜ҟǴȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚ԴǪȇ˲د̑˺ǪȄ̸̶̜̩̙Ǚ Ȑޗ ȇǙȄҠ ˨ȓҡǪː˨˅ˡǵȇǙȁȇ߳Ǫː̪Ҡ ˷ȇǙȄߕ ̤Ǫǭdz̸ˠȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ لﻮﻘﻌﻟا ﺔ و، بﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻔﺻ ﺎﻨﻟ رّﻮﺼﯾ ﻆﺣﺎﳉا اﺬﻫ ȃ̸̝̙̀ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Դ ": Ȑ̾߫ǪȄߕ ̤Ǫȅߐȇ ࠕȇǙٶ̟ȓǫȇ˲̶̆ ȓǫࠕ˰̰̉˰ Ȑߘ ȇǙ˲̶̜ȓǫࠀȇǵ˰̜ȓǫ̴̧̾̊ ̛ ̄ ̭ȓǫ̴˸ ̭̚߆ ˰˨Ǫȇ 1 ǰǙم ˅̎ȓҡǪ :2 ǹ Ǚː̻ޠ Ǫˇ ˗̢̤ǪǵǪdzǙ : 165 . 2 ǰǙǭ˰̫̋ ̤ǪǙم Ǫȇٸ̝̤Ǫ̛ ̾̑˺ǵ̬ˊǪ :2 ص، : 105 . 3 ǰǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȨ̸̏ ̊ ߆ DZ˅́ ̻Գ Ǚܳ ̻ȇ˴̝̤Ǫˇ ̾̄ ߭Ǫ :1 ص، :9 . 4 ج،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ رﺪﺼﳌا :1 ص، :9 . 5 ˅ر̪ǭٸ˜̟Ǯ ˅̤̚ʼ̪ࠀǙ˅ؙ߆ ̸˒ȇǭޠ ˋ̤Դ߱ȇǙǬ dzԳ ːǪٸˋ̠̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ˲̬֠ˊȇ˲ ȅۢ ̸̉ˈǪ̸̵ ": ̸̭˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫ " و " ناﻮﯿﳊا " ː̰̑˷߆ ̸˒ 255 ː̾̑˺˅˨̈ˠǪǵǙǿ̵ ǹ Ǚ˅؟˅̲̙ȓǫȇ˅؟̸̲̙ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ : 17 ǹ Ǚː̾̍Ҡ ˈࠓ ˅̲̪ȇǙ : 161 -170 . 6 ՇǙ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ : ǻ Ǚ̺֙˅߭Ǫːˋ˗̢̪Ǚȅȇǵ˅̵˰ࠉ ȄҠ ˸ ̤Ǫ˰ˋ̉ 7،1998 ج، ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا ، 3 ص : 28 -29 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ̣ ̶˷ȓǫ̩ز̧ ̊ Ȅߕ ̤ǪȇǙ˰ˡȇȓǫȄߕ ̧ ̥ࠕǧ˅ˋ̄ ˬȇǙ̈ ̙ǵȓǫȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ̴̬̪̭ߑ ̪ȇ ... ّﻻٕا اﻮﻈﻔﳛ ﲅﻓ ̩˩˕̤Ǫȩ̸ؙ̩̑ ̝ˈ̛ ̧ ̊ ˅̪ ّﺗاو ، ﱒروﺪﺼﺑ Ȑߛ ˔ٸ̬̪̩̎ࠂ̸̝̋ˈ̣ ˾ ﺐﻠﻃ ﻻو ﻆﻔﲢ ﻻو ،ﺪﺼﻗ ﻻو ﻒ " 1. و ﻟ نﰷ ﺪﻘﻟ ߧ˨˲Ǫ̳˱̶ – ﳉا ﴫﻌﻟا ﺪﺼﻘﻧ ﲇﻫﺎ – ˲˛ȓҡǪ ȓҡǪ ﰲ ﱪﻛ ̣ ̢̀˻ ˓߆ ȇ̴˕̉˅̰˽ȇ˲̋ Ȑ˻̤Ǫǭdz˅ˡȔǪ Ǚː̾Ȑ̲̤̚Ǫ̳ǵ̸˽ Ȑ˰̋ ˒ࠇ̟ȇǙː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫǭ˰̾˾ ̝̤Ǫ˅ز̧ ̊ Ȉ˲̯ܱ ̤Ǫ ȓҡǪǭڂ̟˲̤Ǫߧ˨˲Ǫ̳˱̵ ̂ ˈǪ̸́ ̤Ǫ˅ز̧ ̊ ˑ ̪˅̜ܱ ̤Ǫࠃ ȇ ˲̉˅˻ ̤ǪȐȅȓǫǴȔǪǙː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˶ ̻̿˅̝Ǫȇ – Ȑ ٸ̸̵̻̏ȇ Ȑ˰ˋ̻ȇȓǫ ̣ ̻˰ˋ˒ȇȓǫٸ̾̏˒ȅȇdz̴̪ߔ ̺̝ˋ̻ȇȓǫȃ مﻮﻘﯾ ﻪﻨﻫذ ﰲ ȁȇ߳ǪǬ ˅ޗ ȓǫ̴̧̾̊ ̘ ̧ ˕֮ҟȇǙ̈ ̾߮ Ǫ̴ˈȐ˲̝̻̂ ˈ˅́ ̤ǪǪ˱̵ȐȅȓǫȂǵ˰̻ȇǙ̴̪ߔ ̴ˈȅ˴̽Ƿ ˅̝̪̀ȇȓǫ̂ ˈ˅̀ نﰷ ﻮﻟو، ː̧̝̄ ̪ː̧̝̾˷ȇǭ˲̄ ̙ࠄ ̊ Ǫ˱̵ 2 . و ːؒ ̇ ̉ːˡǵ߱ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚ԴȄҠ ˷ȔҟǪ̣ ˍ̜Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ˲د̑˺Ǫ˰̝̤ ˲̠߳Ǫ˅̧̲̚˷ȓǫࠇ̟ ˑ ̭ߐ˘ ̀˧Ǚ Ȏ˒ȁǪ̸˷ȓҡǪ ǪȇǤ˅˪˾ ̤̚Ǫ˅ز̙Ȉǵ˅ˍ˖̻ȇȄ˅̝ ҥߘ ǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤ǪȇǤԴdzȓҡǪȇǤ˅̧̏ˋ̤ Ȑ̪ȔǪ̸̳̤˰ˈࠅ ˰̻ Ȑ̪ȔǪȇ˲̋ ˻ ̤Դ˅ ˇ ̄ ߭Դ˅ ، ّﻣٕاو ﺎ Ȑ̪ȔǪȇՅ˅˾ ̰̤Դ ȃ˅˞̪ȓҡǪȇߝ ߬Դ˅ . ًراﺮﻣ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﰲ ﻆﺣﺎﳉا ﻒﻗو ﺪﻗو ߆ ̴̸̧̭ ˷˲̽Ǫ̸̭ߐ˅̳Ȑ̸̰̻Ǫ و ﱒﺮﻌﺷ ̩دˊ˅̄ ˬ ̘ ˽˲̤Ǫːߟ ࠌǽ˅ݶ ȓǫ̬̪̩ࠐߔ ȇ نﰷ ﱴﺣ ، ﻢﲛاﺮﻌﺷ ﻦﻣ " ًﻻﻮﺣ ﻩﺪﻨﻋ ﺚﻜﲤ ةﺪﯿﺼﻘﻟا عﺪﯾ ﻦﻣ ًﻼﻣﰷ Ȋ˅̲̪Ƕȇ ًﻼﯾﻮﻃ Ǚࠁ̝̤̋Ȋ˅̪˅؛ǪǙ̴̻ȓǫǵ˅ز̙ˇ Ŗ̝̻̏ȇࠁ̝̉˅ز̙̣ ̾Ȏ֚ȇǙ̳˲̇ ̭˅ز̙dzȐdz˲̽ Ȋ˅̪˅̪Ƕࠁ̝̣̉ ̋ ˣ̙̀Ǚ̴˸ ̭̚ࠄ ̊ Ȋ˅̋ˍ˖˒ȇ ࠄ ̊ ̳˲̋ ˺ࠄ ̊ ȊǪǵ˅̴̻̾̉ȓǫǵȇǙ̴̻ȓǫǵ ... ̰ǪȇǮ Ǫҧ߲ ̝ǪȇǮ ˅̸̤̾߬Ǫ˰ʿ˅˾ ̝̤Ǫ߶ ˒ȅ̸̫˸Ȏ̼Ǫ̸̭ߐȇ ٸ˾ ̤̾ǙǮ ࠇȍ̢˩ȎǪȇǮ ˅˪ҧ̝ ًﻼﺋﺎﻗ ًﻼﲿ Ȋ˅̧̝̚Ȏ̪ȊǪ˲̉˅˺ȇȊǪ˱̻˱̲ȏˬ " 3 . و Ȑȅȓǫࠄ ̊ ̈ ̃ ˅̜̣ ̤̾dzǪ˱̵ ː̵̧̾˅߫Ǫ߆ ̩ر̉˲˛ȓǫȉ ߳ǪǬ ˲̋ ̤ǪǬ dzȓǫ ، Ȑ̀ˠ̬̪ ˅̰Ȑ̤˰̻Ȅ̸̇ ̰Ǫȇǵ̸˜̰Ǫ˰ ̝̤Ǫȅ̸̶̲̤̩̜̚˱˨Ȉ ˰̪ࠄ ̊ ː̋ ̃ ˅̜ߦҟdz ȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȁ˲̄ ˈ̩؛ٴ ˭ȇȃ̸ ː˨˅˾ ̙ǵȐ̸˾ ̻˅̪Ǚ ﺔﻣﻼﺳ و ﻢﳍﻮﻗ ̅ ˧˅߫ǪȇǙǽࠇ˷ȓҡǪȇǬ ̸̧ ̝̤Ǫߦۡ ̑˷Ǫ̬̪ȅȇ˰̻˲̽Ǫ̸̭ߐ˅̪Ȑߘ ̴̲̪Ǫ̸̧̏ˋ̻ܧ ˧ǙȄߕ ̧ ̥ȅ ȑ̸ҧ˒ҫˆ˕̻Ǫ̸̭ߐ̘ ̠̾ȇǙ̶̩̝̄ ̲̪ ا ȃ˅̜۸ ˨ߵ Ǵ̩ࠐߔ ߆ ˶ ؏̦ ": ﱂ ˇ ̄ ߭ǪȃǪ̸̃ ː̋ ̰˽ ߆ ȇ˰ʿ˅˾ ̝̤ǪȃǪ̸̃ ߆ ࠕٸˈ˰˒̣ ˞̪ȩ̸̏ ̫̋ ˕̑˸ ̼ࠕ˲̯ ... Ȑ̫ࠐȇٸˈ˰˕̤Ǫ̩̆ ˅̪̋߆ ȉ ȓǫ˲̤Ǫࠃ ȔǪǪ̸ˠ˅˗˧ǪǪǴȔǪǪ̸̭ߐȇ Ǫ̸˜Ȑ̪̀ǵ̸̪ȓҡǪǮ ˅ ) Ǫ̸̧ҧ̥Ǵ ( ࠄ ̊ ̳ȇ˰ҧ̜̀ȇࠕǵȇ˰˽߆ Ȅߕ ̤Ǫ Ǚ̶̩˸ ̭̚ȓǫ ҧ̢˩ Ȏ̪̳ȇǶ˲ˊȓǫǹ Ҡ ߭Ǫࠄ ̊ Ȅ˅̜ȇٸ̢̤Ǫ̣ ˭dzҬǫǮ ˅̝Ȑ˜̤Ǫ̴̪Ȑ̸̜ǪǴȔ˅̙ ًﲈ ԴȐ˱ࠐǷ ԷdzȓҡǪ̬̪̹Ȑ̚˾ ̪ȇȊ˅˪Ȑ̝̲̪ " 4 ، ߷ ̬̪ȁ˰˽ ȓǫ˰֙ҟȇ ًﻻﻮﻗ و، ﻦﻣ ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ ًﻼﯿﻟد ، ˘ ̀˧ ː̻Ȓǫ̬̪ٶ ̟ȓǫ߆ ߵ Ǵ̣ Ȑݶ ˅ز̙ Ȑ۸ ˋ̻ 1 ՇǙ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ : ﺪﶊ مﻼﺴﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ǻ Ǚ̺֙˅߭Ǫːˋ˗̢̪Ǚȅȇǵ˅̵ 7،1998 ج، ةﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟا ، 3 ص، ص . 29 2 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : ǹ Ǚ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ˰̰̉ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˶ ̻̿˅̝ǪǙ̴ˈǵ˰ˋ̉˰̾̑˸ ̤Ǫȉ Ƕ̸̙ : 49 . 3 ǰǙ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ 2 ص، :9 . 4 ص ،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ رﺪﺼﳌا : 14 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا Ǥ˅̵߱ǪȇǙː̰̑˸ ̤ȓҡǪː̎Ҡ ˈ ّﻜﳌاو ءاﺮﻜﻨﻟاو ﺮ ˘ ̀˧ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ : ﴿ ... ȌdzǪȍ˰ȏ˨Ȍːȍ̰ ȏ̑˸ ȑ̤ҫˆȏˈȑȎߜ̸Ȏ̝ȍ̧ȍ˷ ȎȀ ȑ̸ȍˮȑ̤Ǫ ȍˇ ȍ̵ȍǴǪȍǴ˅ȍ̙Ү ... ﴾ 1 لﺎﻗو : ﴿ ... ǪҤȎ߱˅Ȋ̪ȑ̸ȍ̜ȏ̴ȏˈȍǵȏ˱ȑ̰Ȏ˒ȍȇ ﴾ 2 ȃ˅̝̙Ǚ̶̩̝̄ ̲̪̬˸ ֠ǽࠇ˷ȓҡǪ̩د̦ۡ ̑˷ǪȇǙ̩د̱ ˸ ̤ȓǫːˈҠ ˭˲̠ǴǙ : ﴿ ... ȍ̻ȑȅ Ү Ǫȍȇ ȑ̩ȏ̶ȏ̤ȑ̸ȍ̝ȏ̤ȑ̈ȍ̫ȑ˸ȍ˓Ǫ̸Ȏ̸̤Ȏ̝ ... ﴾ 3 لﺎﻗ ﰒ : ﴿ ȏ̴ȏˋŗ̏ȍ̜ ȏ߆ ˅ȍ̪ ȍࠄ ȍ̊ȍҧ߹ ǪȎ˰ȏ̶ȑ˻Ȏ̼ȍȇ˅ȍ̾ȑ̭Ҩ߱Ǫȏǭ˅ȍ̾ȍ˩ȑ̤Ǫ ȏ߆ ȎȎࠀ ȑ̸ȍ̜ȍ̞Ȏˋȏˣȑ̋Ȏ̻ȑ̬ȍ̪ ȏǷ ˅ҧ̰̤Ǫȍ̬ȏ̪ȍȇ ȏȄ˅ȍ˾ȏˮȑ̤ǪҨȍ߱ҫǫȍ̸Ȏ̵ȍȇ ﴾ 4 . و Ȑ̪ȓǫ ّﲆﺻ ﱯﻨﻟا ﺎ Ȑ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ߷ ّﺪﲢ ﺪﻘﻓ ̬˩̧ ̥Ǫ̹̭̚ȇ̴˗˃̾ˈȇ̴̸̪̜߆ ˅د̦˅˽ ȓǫ˲̠Ǵȇ̴˗˧˅˾ ̚ˈǯ ﻋ ﻦ لﺎﻘﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ " ̙˲̢ˊ̬ˊ˰̋ ˷ܳ ˈ߆ Ǯ ȓˆ˻ ̮ȇ˹ ̼˲̜ܳ ˒߱ȇǬ ˲̋ ̤ǪǬ ˲̉ȓǫԷȓǫ ȓˆ ّﻧ ̬˩̧ ̥Ǫܳ ̿˒ȓˆ̀ѝ " لﻮﻘﯾو ˅́ ̻ȓǫ : " ȍ˰̾ˈǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ˦˾ ̙ȓǫԷȓǫ ˹ ̼˲̜̬̪م ȓǫ " 5. ˅̪ࠄ ̊ ̣ ʿҟ߱Ǫٴ ̟ȓǫ̬̪ȇ ȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ̬˸ ˧̸̬̪̳̜˱˨ ǭȐ̸̜ȇȃ̸̝̤Ǫː˨˅˾ ̸̧̙̬̪̳̏ˈ ˑ ̭ߐȅȓǫː̀ ǵ˅̤̋Ǫ ﱯﻨﻟا ةﺰﺠﻌﻣ – ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ߷ ࠄ ˽ ّﲩو Ȑ̭̇ˇ ̾ˣ̋ ˈࠕ˲ؙȉ ߳Ǫ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ࠘ ̩ࠂː̋ ̃ ˅̝̤Ǫ̴˕ ﻪﻤ Ǯ ԹȒҡǪ̬̪ٸ˜̟߆ ࠕ˅̊dzȇǙ̴˕̍Ҡ ˈȇ ٕا ﱒو،ﻪﺘﺿرﺎﻌﻣ ﱃ ̣ ˻ ̤̚Դ̩د̦ȇ˅ࠌǤ̸ˋ˒ȇǙȅ̸̤ȇ˅֤ǭ̸̉dzȐߘ ߆ . ﴿ ... Ȏ˰̻ȏ˲Ȏ̽ȍȇ ȏ˒˅ȍ̫ȏȍߛȏˊҧ̛ȍ˩ȑ̤Ǫҧ̛ȏȎ֤ȑȅҫǫȎҧ߹Ǫ ȍ̬̽ȏ˲ȏ̙ȍߑȑ̤Ǫȍ˲ȏˊǪȍdzȍ̈ȍ̄ȑ̝ȍ̻ȍȇȏ̴ ﴾ 6 ، ّﳑو ˅̪ߵ ˱̟ǶȐ˴̻̋˅ ﻫﺎﻨﻠﻗ ː̀˧Է̬̪Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ̺̚ ȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ ȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ ȅȇ߲ ˭̬ˊǪȉ ȓǫǵ ȃ̸̝̻ǴȔǪ " : ﱒو ۸ ˈ̩دކ ȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪȇǙȅ˅˸ ̧ ̥Ǫ߆ ː̜ҟ߳ǪȇƯ̈̌ ̄ ̰̤Ǫ߆ ː˨˅˾ ̤̚ǪȇǙȄߕ ̤Ǫ߆ ȅ˅̾ˋ̤ԴࠎȓҡǪ۸ ˈ۸ ̸̪˷̸̪ȅ̸̤Ǫ˴̽ҟ Ǫ̸̭ߐ˱̲̪ࠎȓҡǪ " 7 . و ﺬﻫ ّﳇ ا ݮ ̸̤ǪǤ̺ࠋ̣ ˍ̜ȅߐ̴ ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȃȇ˴̯ȇ ، ̘ ̢̙̀ Դ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ Ǚ˹ ̋ ˗̱˒ҟ ﱔو ˶ ̲̚˖˒ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤ǪǬ ̸̧ ˷ȓǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ﲢو، ﻲ ̴̭˅̀ˌˈ ، ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤˅̙ ː̾ˈ˲̉ Ǚˑ ˌ̰Ǫ ː̭̾Ȓǫ˲̜ ߷ Ǭ ˅˕̟Ǭ ˅˨ǵ߆ ˑ ؇ȇˑ ˠǵdzǙǵ˰˾ Ǫ Ȑނ ˖˒ȇǙ̴˒ԹȒǫȉ ˰د̑˸ ˓Ǚࠃ ˅̋˒ ب ̣ ˍ̜Ṷ̴̈̌̾˅̪̋ ȅȓǫ ȃȇ˅̲˖˒ Ǭ dzȓҡǪ Ȅ˅̴̊ˡ̸ˈق˲̋ ̤Ǫ . 1 Ǭ Ǫ˴˧ȓҡǪ : 19 . 2 ﱘﺮﻣ : 97 . 3 نﻮﻘﻓﺎﻨﳌا :4 . 4 ةﺮﻘﺒﻟا : 204 5 Ǻ ˅̾̉ޫ ˅̝̤ǪǤ˅̚˺DZݾ ߆ Ǻ Թ˲̤Ǫۮ ̑˸ ̮ . ǹ ː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫݼ ˅́ ̻Ǫ˲̇ ̭Ǫ : 60 6 ȃ˅̭̚ȓҡǪ :7 . 7 ǹ Ǚː̪˰̝ǪǙȅȇ߲ ˭̬ˊǪ : 96
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا و ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫǰ˲ˬȓǫ˰̝̤ ﲓﻈﻌﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا - ߧ̸̎ǪǭȇǪ˰ˋ̤Ǫǵ̸̃ ̸̶̬̪̳̫̙˅̪˰̰̉ , ȍ˸̮ࠃ ȔǪ ةﺮﻫﺎﺒﻟا ةرﺎﻀﳊا تﲈ Ǫ̸˩ˋ˽ȓˆ̙ -ࠎȓҡǪdzǪȇǵȇ˅̭̾߱Ǫǭdz˅̜ۭ ̍ẹ̑ ˈȔǪǭ˅̊ǵ˶ ̪ȓҡԴࠕȇ , Ȑ̭ȔǪˇ ˸ ̶̩˸ ̭̚ȓǫ߆ ˼ ʿ˅˾ ߭ߵ Ǵ˶ ̤̿ Ȋ̻́ȓǫࠇ ﺎ Ǫٿ̪Ǫ˲˛ȓǫ̶̩˸ ̭̚ȓǫ߆ ˑ ˍ̢˷ܱ ̤ǪDZȇ˲̤Ǫ̳˱̶̤ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Դ˅ݨ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا . و Է̸̢̤ ̢̬̪̬˔ߺː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̧̥̏ Ǥޏ ̤ǪǮ ȇ˅̚˕̤ǪȇȀ Ҡ ߭Ǫ̬̪˅ز̙ȅߐ̣ ˈǙǤǪdzȓҡǪ̬̪˰˨Ǫȇ۷ ˷ Ǚٸ˞̢̤Ǫ و ː̫˸Ȑ˖̪Ǚ˅ر̪ǭȐ˰̊ ˇ ̭Ǫ̸ˠ߆ ˑ ̭ߐ˅Ȑ؟ȓǫࠇ̟ Ǚː̾̑˻ ˧ȇȇː̇ ̧ ̬̪̎ǭȇǪ˰ˋ̤ǪǮ ࠇ˸ ˉ ˡ ȇ˅̶̫̋ˣ̤̾ȅȒǫ˲̝̤ǪǤ˅ ˅ؙȐ˱̵ȐǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ˰Ȑ˨ȇࠇ̟˰˨Ǫẹ̑ ̀ˌ˷ࠄ ̊ ˅̵Ȑ˰˨̸̻ ̬̪ː̧̥̏Ǫࠄ ̊ dz˅̙̋Ǚː̙˲̋ ̪ȇǭǵ˅́ ˧ː̤̏˅ر̪̣ ̋ ˠȇ˅̶˩Ȑ̝̭ȇ م ˅ˡ˲߫Ǫ˴̽˴̋ ̤Ǫ˰ˋ̬̉ˊࠆ ̊ ޫ ˅̝̤Ǫȃ˅̜Ṷ̴̈̌̾˅̋˰̰ҧ̑˸̤Ǫȇࠀ̣ ̪˅߬Ǫ˅؟̸̠Ọ̑́ ̙ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ ": ٕﻻا بﴐ ﲈّﻠﻓ مﻼﺳ ˗ˬǪȀ Ȑ˲̇ ˕̤ǪȇǙǬ Ȑdzȓˆ˕̤Ǫ˅˻ ̙ȇǙȈ˲̝̤Ǫࠃ ȔǪȉ dzǪ̸ˋ̤Ǫˑ ̉˴̯ȇǙޞ Ǫ̸߬ǪǮ Ȏٶ̟ȇǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫߵ ˅ࠏˑ ̋ ˸Ȑ˓ǪȇṶ̴̈̌Ǫ˲֖ رﺎ ˇ ̧ ̝̤Ǫ̬̪˅̶ȍ̄̚ ̤ȓǫȇǙȊ˅̋ކ ˅ȍر̑˸ ˧ȓǫǪȇǵ˅˗ˬǪǭٸ˜̟Ǥࠇ˷ȓǫȉ ǴǤދ Ȑߘ ࠃ ȔǪǪȇ˰ȇǙ ȍࠁࠐȓǫȇ̴ȍ̰̤̾ȓǫȄߕ ̤Ǫ̬̪ ȎǷ ˅Ȑ̰̤Ǫ ˅̶̙ݾ ȓǫȇ˅̶˸ ̧ ˷ȓǫࠄ ̊ Ǫȇޠ ˗̜˅̙ȋǮ˅̴̤̙̏̀Ǭ ˲̋ ̧ ̥˅̪ࠃ ȔǪȇǙȊ˅̸̜̪̋ " 1 . Ṛ̏̇ ̤̾ Ȑ˻̤Ǫ̣ ́ ̟̚ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȇǬ dzȓҡǪࠄ ̊ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ̣ ́ ̙ Ǚˇ ̠Ǫ̸̢̤Ǫ˲ˁ˅˷ࠄ ̊ ˶ ̫ " ː̎Ҡ ˈ̣ ر̪Ȉ˲˔ ﺮﻘﻟا Ȓǫ ﻒﺋﺎﻄﻟو ن ȓǫ ː̋ ʿǪǵȅ̸̲̤̚˦˗̙࠘ ܱ ̤Ǫ̴ˈdz Ȑ ܧ ˧Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̤̏Ǭ dzȓǫ̬̪ ˲ˁ˅˾ ˈ˦˗̙ȅȒǫ˲̝̤ǪǪ˱̵ȅߐ̘ ̠̾Ȉ˲˔ Ȑ ˿ ̍Ǭ dzȓǫ˦˗̙ȇǙߵ ˅ࠏ˦˗̙ȇǙ ȓҡǪ̴ˈ̹̝˒ǵǪ ̣ ˍ̜̬̪ːȐ̪ȓǫǬ dzȓǫ̴̧̏ˋ̻ߺ̹̝˒˲̪ق˲̋ ̤ǪǬ dz " 2 ، ﱴﺣ ߆ ː̧̥̏Ǫˑ ̧ ˽ȇ Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚ǪːȐ߃ࠃ ȔǪː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫǭ˲̽˴߫Ǫ ǙقdzȓҡǪٸˋ̋˕̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ǭǵdz˅̜ˑ ˩ˋ˽ Ǫȇ ̵̣ ˨Ǫ˲Ǯ Ȑ˲̪ȅȓǫ˰̋ ˈ ّﺬ ˅دˊ ˅؟ȓˆ˺̬̪ˑ ˩̧ ˽ ȓǫȇ Ǚː̧̥̏ǪdzǵǪ̸̪Ǭ ˱̊ ȓǫȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ߶ ˷˰̜ȇǙː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ːȐ߃˅د̧ ̋ ˠȇǙ ȊǪ˴ˣ̋ ̪˦ˋ˽ ȓǫܧ ˧ ̴̵̸ˠȇ̴̬̪ˡȇȐߘ ߆ Ǚȅ˅˸ ̧ ̥ǪǬ ˅ޗ ȓҡ . ȔҟǪǵ̸̶̆ ˰̋ ˈː̻˅̰̤̋Ǫ̳˱̵̸ؑ ˔Ǯ ˱˭ȓǫȇ مﻼﺳ ȁ˲̃ ̬̪˲̢̤Ǫࠀ̸˷ǵȇۮ ̇ ̋ ̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ˟؟˅̪̣ ́ ̚ˈǙ Ǚǵ˅ر̦ǪȀ Ǫ˲̃ ȓǫẹ̑ ̧̥̾ǪǤԷȒǫࠄ ˕Ȏ˒̴˒ԹȒǫˑ ̭ߑ ̙ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫ˅Ȑ̪ȓˆ̙Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ ȩ̸̏ ˍ̝̻̣ ̎˅˻ ̤Ǫ̶̧̩̏˺ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȅߐȇ Ǚ̴˒ԹȒǫȅ̸˷ Ȑ˰̝̻ȇǙ̴̧̾̊ ̴ˈǤ˅ˡ۠ ̸̧̭ ̫̋ ̻ḙ̴̑̾˅̪̋ȅ̸̶̫̻̚ȇṶ̴̸̈̌̇ ֤̚ȇ ﲔﻣﱱﻠﻣ، ˊ ȩ̸̏ ˾ ̻ȇǙ˅ز̦ȔǪٸ˻ ̼ǭǵ˅˺ ȔǪȐߙ ﱃٕا ܱ ̤ǪȄߑ ˧ȓҡǪȐߘ Ǯ ԹȒҡǪ˅ز̦ȔǪࠒ ˲˔ ȃ̸˷˲̤Ǫ˅Ȑ̪ȓǫȇǙ – Ȑ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ߷ Ȑࠄ ˽ -̴˜̻˰˨ȅߑ ̙ ﯾ ȅ˅˸ ̤Ȑߘ ࠄ ̊ ̈ ̻˱ ، بﻮﻠﻘﻟاو روﺪﺼﻟا َءﻞِﻣ ﻪﺒﻄﺧ ﺖﻧﰷو، ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫȃ̸̴̝̻̙̀ȇ ": ّﻻٕا ﻖﻄﻨﯾ ﱂ ﻪّﻧٕا ﻻٕا ﻢّﳫﺘﯾ ﱂو، ﺔﳬﺣ ثاﲑﻣ ﻦﻋ ː̫˾ ̋ ̤Դ ҧ̘ Ȏ˧˰̜Ȅߕ ˊ ... ǭȇҠ ߬Ǫȇːˈ˅̶Ǫ۸ ˈࠀ̈ ݟȇǙȃ̸ˍ̝̤Դ̳˅ҧ˻̍ȇǙːȐˋ߾Ǫ̴̧̾̊ ߷ ̹̝̤ȓǫȉ ߳ǪȄߕ ̤Ǫ̸̵ȇ 1 ՇǙ۸ ˈː̃ ˅˷̸̤ǪǙم ˅ˡ˲߫Ǫޫ ˅̝̤Ǫ : ǻ ǙǮ ȇٸˈǙː̻ޠ ̋ ̤Ǫːˋ˗̢ǪǙȉȇ˅ˤˋ̤Ǫ˰ࠉ ࠆ ̊ ȇۮ ̵Ǫ˲ˊȔǪ̣ ́ ̤̚Ǫ̸ˈȓǫ˰ࠉ 1،2006 ص، : 25 . 2 ǰǙ˲̸̰̽˕̤Ǫȇ˲̽˲˩˕̤ǪǙǵ̸˺˅̬̊ˊǪ 1 ص، : 101 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ̴˒dzȇ˅̪̬̋̉̈ ̪˅˸ ̤Ǫːˡ˅˨ Ȑߧ̜ȇǙ̴˒dz˅̊ ȔǪ̴̬̉ʿ˅̰̏˕̑˷Ǫ̈ ̪ǙȄߕ ̤Ǫdz˰̊ Ȑߧ̜ȇȄ˅̶̙ȔҟǪ̬˸ Ȏ˧۸ ˈȇǙ ... ̫̈˸ ̼ߺ ߕ ˊǷ ˅Ȑ̰̤Ǫ ҟȇȊ˅̸̜̪̬̋˸ ˧ȓǫҟȇȊ˅ˋ̧̄ ̪Ȅ˲̠ȓǫҟȇȊ˅ˋ̵˱̪̣ ݟȓǫҟȇȊԷǶȇȃ˰̊ ȓǫҟȇȊ˅̇ ̤̚˰˾ ̜ȓǫҟȇȊ˅̭̋̚ȐȓǫȐ̂ ̜Ȅ Ȑ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ȐࠀǪ Ȑࠄ ˽ ̴̪ߔ ̬̪Ȉ̸̺̚ȍ̲̿ˈȓǫҟȇܩ ̋ ̪˦˾ ̙ȓǫҟȇȊ˅ˡ˲ࠍ̣ ̶˷ȓǫ " 1 . ﺔﻘﯿﻠﺴﻟا نﺎﯿﺑ جﱱﻣا ﲔﲿ ﺑ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȅ˅̀ˌ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ،ﻩﺮﲮ و ȔҟǪǮ Ȑ̸߱˒ لﻮﻘﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺻ و ﰲ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻟا Ȅߕ ̤Ǫ ،" ﳁ ﺬﻨ ȅȓǫ ˲̝̤Ǫ߆ ː̭̾˅̾ˋ̤Ǫǭȇٶ ̤Ǫ̳˱̵ࠄ ̊ ̩ر̾̉ȓǫǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ˦˗̙ Ȓǫ Ŗ̏̋˕̻ȇǙ˅̵dzǵȇȩ̸̏ ر̽ࠕȇ˲̢̤Ǫȅ ˅̵˅̲ˠȩ̸̏ ȓҡǪː̾ؑ˔ȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǮ ߑ ̧ ̪ː̾ˈ˲˔ȅȓǫǪȇ˰ˡȇ ȅ̸̢˔̬̤ȁǪȇǴ ّﻻٕا ̴̰̉ȅȇ˱˭ȓˆ̻ȇ̴̲̪ȅ̸˸ ˌ˗̝̻߆ ˅˾ ̤Ǫ̈ ˋ̰̤ǪǪ˱̵dzȇǵ̸ˈ ȔҟǪȇ̛ ̸̙̀˕̤Ǫ̬̪ǪȇdzǪǵȓǫ˅̪̩ࠂȅߐȇ ﺻ Ṛ̏̆ ߆ ̸ؑ ˔ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǮ dz˲̃ ȓǫ۸ ˨ːˈ˅ ﺮﻘﻟا Ȓǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ن " 2 ؛ﻓ ȅȒǫ˲̝̤ǪȅߐǪߴ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ̳Ƕ˅ ȔԴː̾ˈdzȓҡǪ̩د̙˲̋ ̪ȁ˅̙ȇǙȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː̧̥̏Ǫ̬̪ḛ̸̏̑˸ ֤˅̪˶ ̱ ˡ̬̪ و، Ṛ̏̇ ̾̑˷ ﺮﻘﻟا Ȓǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ن ًﺎﳐﺎﺷ ، Ȋۤ̇ ̳̉Ƕ˅ ȔǪȇ Ȋ˅̜̀Դ ̬̽߱ǪȄ̸̻ࠃ ȔǪ . Ȉ̸̜ȓǫȇǙǭǵ˅ˋ̤̋Ǫ߆ ˇ ̤̾˅˷ȓҡǪ̬˸ ˧ȓˆˈ˲̇̚ ̻ȅȓǫȐ˰ˈҟȅߑ ̙ ߆ ̣ ˋ̑˸ ̤Ǫ ̸ؙ̧̩ ̜ݼ ȓˆ̻ȇ۸ ˋ̃ ˅߿Ǫ̬̪ȃ̸ˍ̝̤Ǫ̹Ŗ̝̏˕̤̾ٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤Ǫ ، Ǭ ˅ޗ ȓǫȇȅ˅̾ˈːȐ̪ȓǫǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫȅ̸̢̤Ǚ̴ˈȅ̸̝Ŗ̏̋˕̴̙̤̀̾ȔǪࠕ Ȑ˰˻ ̼ȇ نﺎﺴﻟ . و ﻦﻣ ȓǫ ˲̝̤ǪǤ˅ˡߵ Ǵ̣ ˡ Ȓǫ ȊԹ˰˪˗̴̪˕̍Ҡ ˈȇ̴˗˧˅˾ ̚ˈ˲̢̤Ǫȅ ﻢﳍ ، Ȑ̭ܰȇ˲̠ȃ̸˷ǵȅ˅˸ ̤ࠄ ̊ Ȑ̪ȓǫ ﻻ ﻲ ˇ ˗̢̽ҟȇȓǫ˲̝̻ ، ˅̋̾ݟࠕǪ˰˪˗̙ Ǫ̸˒ȓˆ̭̾ȓǫ ǭǵ̸˸ ˉ Ȑ Ҡ ̇ ̾̑˷ȇǙǪȇ˴ˣ̋ ̙ࠁ˞̪̬̪ ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤ ȊԹ˰˪˗̪ ﻢﳍ ﱃٕا ̬̽߱ǪȄ̸̻ ̣ ˡȇ˴̉߷ ȃ̸̝̻̳Ƕ˅ȔǪː̻Ȓǫȇࠀࠇ̟ȅ˅̵˲ˊ̳ǵ̸̄ ˷۸ ˈ̣ ̫֤ : ﴿ Ȏ۸ ȏ̪ҫȑҡǪȎDZȇҨ˲̤Ǫȏ̴ȏˈȍȃȍ˴ȍ̯ ) 193 ( ȍȅ̸Ȏ̢ȍ˕ȏ̤ȍ̞ȏˋŗ̏ȍ̜ ȍࠄ ȍ̊ ȍ̬̽ȏǵȏ˱ȑ̰Ȏ̫ȑ̤Ǫȍ̬ȏ̪ ) 194 ( Ȍ۸ȏˍȎ̪ȌȐȏق ȍ˲ȍ̉Ȍȅ˅ȍ˸ȏ̧ȏˈ ) 195 ( ﴾ 3 . و ٕا اذ Ȑȅȓǫ˅̧̰̜ ﺮﻘﻟا Ȓǫ ن ﱘﺮﻜﻟا Ȑ˰˪˕̻Ǥ˅ˡ ﰲ بﺮﻌﻟا ى ٕا ȓҡǪǶ˅ ː̧̥̏ǪȇǬ ̸̧ ˷ نﺎﯿﺒﻟاو ،" ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻩﺬﻬﻓ Ǭ ˲̋ ̧ ̥ ȓǫ ّﳖ ﻧد ﰲ اﻮﻐﺒﻧ ﻢ ﯿ ˲̝̤Ǫ̩خ̧̻̏˅̪˰̰̉˅̵̰ȇǙː̫ߛ ̤Ǫ˅ Ȓǫ ̚˒ȇǪ̸̏ˋ̭ۤ ̙Ȍ˰֡Ǚȉ ˰˪˕̤ǪǪ˱̵ȅ̸̢̽ࠕ˴ˣ̋ ̻ȇȅ ّﻮ اﻮﻗ ː̫ߛ ̤Ǫ߆ ȉ˲̄ ̙Ǿ̸ˋ̭ࠕ˰̰̉Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫȅ̸̢̽ȅȓǫ˰ˈҟȇȅߐߵ ߳ȇǙ̴̙̀ ȓҡǪȅ̸̢̽ȇǙ Ȑ̾߫ǪǤǪdz Ȋ˅̸̙̤ȓˆ̪ː̫ߛ ̧ ̥˰ ̩ء߱ ﺔﺑﺎﻄﺧو اﱶﻧو اﺮﻌﺷ " 4 . 1 ǰǙ۸ ˌ˕ˋ̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ 2 ص، : 17 . 2 ǵ̸̶߮ ǪǙː̪̀Ҡ ˷Գ ȅȇʼ ˻ ̧ ̥ࠄ ̊ Գ ˶ ̧ ߽ǪǙ˲̢̤ǪȅǪ˲̧̝̥ː̪˅̤̋Ǫː̰ˣ̧ ̥ǪƯ̈̌ ̾ˋ̄ ˕̤Ǫȇː̻˲̇ ̰̤Ǫ۸ ˈم ˅̾ˋ̤ǪȅǪ˲̝̤ǪǶ˅ȔǪǙȀ ݾ ˰ࠉ ܳ ̚˧ ǭ˰˪˕Ǫː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̻ ط، 4،1970 ص، : 257 3 ، ءاﺮﻌﺸﻟا 193 / 195 . 4 ص، يواﺮﻌﺸﻟا ﲑﺴﻔﺗ، يواﺮﻌﺸﻟا : 19 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ȃҠ ˭̴̬̪̪ߑ ˧ȓǫࠃ ȔǪȩ̸̏ ˾ ̻ȇ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫم ˅̪̋ȅ̸̙˲̋ ̻Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫȅߐȇ ّﻜﲤ ː̧̥̏Ǫː̾˽ Է̬̪̩ر ، ȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ߆ ̶̸̩̜̚˒ȇ ̬̃ Ǫ̸ˈː̙˲̋ ̪ȇƯ̈̌ ʿ˅̜߱Ǫ߶ ˒ࠃ ȔǪȃ̸˽̸̧ ̶̥̩˸ ̭̚ȓǫǪȇȓˆ̶̙̾Ǚܩ ̋ Ǫ˿ ̋ ˈ̩ز̧ ̊ ȐȁǵȇǙ ǙǼ˅̤̚ȓҡǪ Ȑˊ˰˒ẹ̑ ̪ȓˆ˒ȇǙ Ȍ˼ ̝˒ȇ˘ ֠˰̋ ˈ˅̵dz˅̋ˈȓǫȇǙߦҟ߱ǪǮ ǪǤ˅֤ ȔǪȇ ﺮ 1 ، ﻟ و نﰷ ﺪﻘ Ǭ ˅ޗ ȓǫ لﻮﺳﺮﻟا – ̴̧̾̊ ߷ ࠄ ˽ ّﲅﺳو -̧ ̥ԴǼ˅̤̚ȓҡǪː̜Ҡ ̊ ȅ̸̠ǵ˰̻ȃȐȇȓҡǪǵ˰˾ ̤Ǫ߆ Ȑ ހ ̻̚ȇǙ˘ ̻˰߬ǪȇȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȇː̏ ȅ̸Ȑˣ˕֤ȇǙȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫˇ ̻˲̍ȅȇ Ȑ˻̤Դ ǵࠇ́ ǪǪ˱̵߆ ̩ر̪˲د̑˺ǪȇǙː̧̥̏Ǫȇ˲̋ " ̬ˊ߷ ˰ˋ̉ سﺎّﺒﻋ " ː̧̥̏Դȉ˲̄ ̤̚Ǫ Ȑ˶ ߬Ǫȇː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫߦ˅˽ ȓҡǪˑ ̭ߑ ̙ ȂǪǵdzȔҟǪȇ̶̩̤̚Ǫࠄ ̊ ̩ࠂȊԷ̸̉ . 2 -ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̊ : ّﻞﺘﳛ ̊ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ȅȓǫ˰˨ȓǫ̈ ̾̄ ˕̑˸ ̼ҟ˅̪ː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫȇː̱̻̀߱ǪȨ̸̏ ̋ ̤Ǫ۸ ˈː̋ ̙̀˲̤Ǫːˋ˒˲Ǫȇː̪̀˅˸ ̤Ǫː̭ߑ Ǫ̬̪ Ȑ̢˻ ̼ȇȓǫ̳˲̢̰̻ ̴̙̞̀ ، Ƿ ǵ˰̻ȉ ߳Ǫ̋ ̤Ǫ̸̶̙ ǵǪ̸̃ ȓˆˈȐ˲̪˰̜ȇǙ˅ز̦ȔǪȉ ˰ءȇǙȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̝Ȅߕ ̤Ǫː̝ˈ˅̄ ̪ː̠̀̾̚ ȅȓǫ̣ ˍ̜ːˍ̜˅̋˗Ȏ̪ ̸̵dz̸̉ۮ ̝˕̑˸ ̼ ȔҟǪࠀDZ˅˕Ȏ̻ ȔҟǪȇǵǪ˲̝˕̑˷ ȃҠ ̝˕̑˷ . و ȐȅȓǫȨ̸̏ ̋ Ǫ̬̪ ː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ Ǯ ȓˆ˻ ̮ ّﻨﻟا تارﺬﺷ ﻊﻣ ȓҡǪ˰̝ ː̻˲˛ȓˆ˒Ǯ ˅̇ ˧Ҡ ̪̬̉ǭǵ˅ˋ̉ˑ ̭ߐܱ ̤ǪȇǙࠃ ȇ ̧̃ ȓǫ ﻘ Ȑ ٴ ̋ Ȏ̪Ǚȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ̣ ̵ȓǫȇǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫ˅̶ ˰ʿ˅˾ ̸̜̬̪̳̋ ކ ˅̩؟˅ˤد̑˷Ǫȇȓǫ̩؟˅˸ ˩˕̑˷Ǫ̬̬̉̽ ﺪﻗو، " ﺖﻧﰷ Ȑߙ ̤ȇǙˇ ˷˅̰Ǫܩ ̋ Ǫǭdz˅̙ȔǪ߆ ̛ ̜̀߱Ǫ̅ ̧̥̚Ǫǵ˅̾˗ˬǪȃ̸˧ǵȇ˰˒˅̪ٶ ̟ȓǫǵȇ˰˒Ǯ Ǫǵ˅ˋ̤̋Ǫ̳˱̵ ̴ˈ˅ˋ̑˷ȓǫߵ Ǵ Ȑ˰˸ ̼ː̢̧ Ǫː̪Ҡ ˷ȇː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫࠄ ̊ ̶̩̉˅ˋ̄ ̭ǪȇǙ̴˾ ̾˩ȇ̳˰̝̭ࠄ ̊ ̶̧̩̫֡ȅ˅̾ˋ̤Դ̩؛˲ˬ˅̚߂Ǚ̩؛˅̀˧̬̪ːˋ̑˷˅̰ȎǪ ٸ̝̰˕̤Ǫȇ̛ ̫̋ ˕̤Ǫ̬̉˅̵ǵ̸̋ ˺ȁ˰˽ȇ˅؛˲̄ ̙Ǥ˅̝̰ˈ̩ز̰̏˒̩؛ȇǪ˰ˈȇǙٸˋ̋˕̤Ǫ̛ ̤Ǫ˴̪̬̪ٸ˞̢̤Ǫ̩ز̧ ̊ " 2 . و ȓҡǪ̣ ̾̉˲̤Ǫȃ˱ˈ˰̝̤ ّو ȊǪdz̸ݨ Ǭ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ۸ ˷ǵǪ߱Ǫ̬̪ȃ Ȑˍˠ ߦȇ˅ࠌȇǢ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ˲̸̽̄ ˒߆ ǭǵ˅ Ȑ̲̤̚Ǫ˶ ̻̿˅̝ǪǰǪ˲ˮ˕̑˷Ǫ ˲̝̤Ǫ̬̪ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫȇː̾ Ȓǫ ȓҡǪȇ˲̢̤Ǫȅ ﱵﻟا، ﰊﺮﻌﻟا بد Ȑ ۸ ̶̤Ǫ˲̪ȓҡԴ̢̬˔ߺ ، " ﻪﺑﺎﻌﺻ ﻦﻣو ȓǫ ȓҡǪǮ ԹǪȇ˲̤Ǫ߆ ː˜ˋ̲̪Ƿ ǵ߱ǪǪ˱̵ǵȇ˱ˡȅ ȁȇǴḙ̴̑̾˅̪̋Ȁ ˅̚˻ ˖˷Ǫȇم Ȓǫ˲̝̤Ǫٸ˸ ̚˕̤Ǫ̬̉ࠃ ȇ ȓǫ ࠇ̟Ǚ̴ˋ̤̾˅˷ ȓǫ ّﳖ ﺎ ̬ˊǪ̣ ̧̾߭Ǫ˰̰̉ː̸̧̻̥̏ǪǮ ԹǪȇ˲̤Ǫ߆ ˲˛˅̲˖˒ ȓǫ ̴̸̻ˍ̿˷Ǭ ˅˕̟߆ ȇ˰ݔ " 3 Ȋ˅ˋ̵Ǫ̸̪˰̋ ˈ˅̪߆ Ǯ ˰ˡȇܱ ̤ǪȇǙǙ Ȑ̥Ǵː̊ ˰ˍ̪Ǯ Թ˲̝ˋ̉ȇ ﺗﺎﻫ ﺖﻠ نود ، بﺎﻌﺼﻟا ﻪ ȓǫ ّﺾﻐﻧ ن Ȑ˗̢̤ǪȇǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫ̬̪۸ ̊ ˰ˋǪ̈ ̰̾˽̬̉Ȁ ˲̄ ̤Ǫ ّﻘﻨﻟاو بﺎ دﺎ ȇː̏̾˾ ̤Ǫ̬̺̉̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˘ ̻˰߬Ǫ߆ ǵȇdz̩ࠂȅߐ̬̽߳ǪǙ ȓǫ Ȑ̲̤̚Ǫ˅̵dz˅̋ˈ ȐࠏǙː̻ٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤Ǫȇː̾ ȓҡǪˇ ˕̴̟ˈ̣ ֡̚˅ بد تاﴐﺎﶈاو . 1 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : م Ȓǫ˲̝̤Ǫ Ȑ˼ ̰̤ǪǙǵ˅Ȑ̤̏̚Ǫ˰ˋ̉˰ݔȓǫ˰Ȑ̾̑˸ ̤Ǫ ǻ Ǚȅ˅̰ˋ̤Ǯ ȇٸˈǙː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː́ ر̦ǪǵǪdzỤ̈̌ ̻ȇȓˆ˕̤Ǫȇٸ˸ ̚˕̤Ǫ۸ ˈ 1،2002 ص،م :8 . 2 ǰǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȨ̸̏ ̊ ߆ DZ˅́ ̻Գ Ǚܳ ̻ȇ˴̝̤Ǫˇ ̾̄ ߭Ǫ :1 ص، :4 . 3 Ǚǻ dzǙː̻ǵ˰̢̲˷ȔҟǪǙː̪̾̋˅߫Ǫː̙˲̋ ǪǵǪdzǙː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫǻ ˅˷ȇȓǫǙܳ ̸̻߫Ǭ̹̚ ˾ ̪ 1999 ص، 5
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ﳌ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻو ّرﺆ خ ̊ ȅۢ ̸̉ˈȓǫ̴ˈȄ˅̜ȉ ߳ǪǶǵ˅ˋ̤Ǫǵȇ߱Ǫ̣ ̻̏̚ȅȓǫː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ اﺬﻫ حﴏ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ ﻆﺣﺎﳉا Ȑ ܧ ˧Ǚː̪˅̊˴̤ǪȇǭǵǪ˰˾ ̤Ǫȅߑ ̪߆ ̋ ̤ǪǪ˱̵ՔǵԵ̬̪̘ ̝̻̅ ˧˅߫˅̙Ǚ̋ ̤Ǫ ̴ˈ˅˗̢ˊȐ˰̊ -۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ ًﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ق˲̋ ̤Ǫȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ˇ ˒ߐȃȐȇȓǫȇǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̋ ̤ . و ȉ˲̢˸ ̋ ̤ǪȃҠ ̵̸ˈȓǫǪ˱̵ ) ت 395 ه ( ȐȅȓˆˈȐ˲̝̻ ) ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ ( ȃ̸̝̙̀ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫˇ ˕̟˲̶˺ȓǫ̸̵ : " و ﻮﻫ يﺮﻤﻌﻟ – ˇ ̄ ߭ǪȇǙː̾̄̚ ̧ ̥Ǫ˲̝̤̚ǪȇǙː̻̚ނ ̤Ǫȃ̸˾ ̤̚Ǫ̴̧̬̪̾̊ ̣ ؏̑˺Ǫ˅Ǚ̈ ̙˅̰ǪȐݖ˰ʿǪ̸̤̚Ǫٸ˜̟ ːˈ˅̄ ߭Ǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ࠕ˲̽dz˅̴̧̝̪̬̪̾̊ ̴Ȑˋ̭˅̪ȇǙǤ˅̧̏ˋ̤ǪȇǤ˅ˋ̄ ߭ǪǤࠇ˷ȓǫ̬̪̳Ǫ̸˧˅̪ȇǙː̊ǵ˅ˋ̤Ǫǵ˅ˍˬȓҡǪȇǙː̋ ʿǪ˲̤Ǫ ، ȐȅȓǫҟȔǪǙː̰̑˸ ˩˕̑˸ Ǫ̴˒̸̋ ̭ȇǙǭǵ˅˕߿Ǫ̴̸̭̲̙̬̪ߵ Ǵٸ̎ȇ ː˙̸˜ˍ̪ː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪȄ˅˸ ̜ȓǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫdzȇ˰˨̬̉ː̭ԴȔҟǪ ȐҟȔǪ˰ˡ̸˒ҟߧ˞̪ȓҡǪ۸ ˈߦ˅̀ ̶̺̖̙Ǚ̴ʿ˅̰˙ȓǫ߆ ǭٶ ˕̲̪ȇǙ̴̾̉̚˅́ ˒߆ ٸ˞̢̤Ǫ˦̚˾ ˕̤Ǫẹ̑ ̸̻̄ ̤Ǫ̣ ̪ȓˆ˕̤Դ " 1 . Ȑ˲̪ܱ ̤ǪǵǪȇdzȓҡǪ߆ ː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫǭ˰̾˾ ̝̤Ǫˇ ̻˱؛߆ ˲̢̰̻ҟȉ ߳Ǫ̳˲˛ȓǫق˲̋ ̤Ǫ˰̧̝̰̥ȅߐ˰̜ȇ ﱴﺣ ﺎﲠ ت ﺖﻠﺻو ٕا ﱃ ȃࠇ̢̤Ǫȇ˟́ ̰̤Ǫːˡǵdz . ̳˱̵̬̪ȇࠆ ̵˅߫Ǫޠ ̋ ̤Ǫ̬̪˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫࠄ ̊ ː̻˰̝̭Ȋ˅̪ߑ ˧ȓǫՔǵ˅˕̤Ǫ˅̰̤̾ȔǪ̣ ̝̭˰̜ȇ Ȑ˰ࠌǙȀ ˰̶̤Ǫޔ ǪȇǤ˅ˡ˅̪Ȅߑ ˧ȓҡǪ Ǚߦ˅˽ ȓҡǪȇ̛ ̫̋ ̤Ǫ̴̙̀˶ ̧̫̭Ǚǭ˲̢̤̚Ǫdz ̳˱̵ȇǙːޚ Ǫȇ˶ ̻̿˅̝̪ȇ̂ ˈǪ̸̀ ࠄ ̊ Ȅ̸̝˒ Ҡ ˋ̧̥Ȋҟ̸˽ ȓǫ˰̋ ˈۤ ̙Ǯ ˱֫Ǫܱ ̤ǪǮ ˅˗̧̥̚Ǫ̬̪ٸ˜̟˅ر̉˿ ˮ̂ ˈǪ̸́ ̤Ǫ ̋ ̤ǪǪ˱̶̤Ȋ˅̪Ǫ̸̜Ǯ ٴ ˕̉ǪȇǙː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̎ . ﺎﻨﻌﺟر اذٕاو ٕا ﺔﻐﺑﺎﻨﻟا ﺪﻘﻧ ﱃ -ޠ ̋ ̤Ǫߵ Ǵ߆ dz˅̝̰̤Ǫ˫̾̑˺̸̵ȇ ﰲ مﺎﻬﻟا ﻂﺑﺎﻀﻟا لﻮﺣ روﺪﯾ ﻩﺪﳒ Ȅߕ ̤Ǫ˅̶̤Ǿ˅˾ ̻ܱ ̤Ǫم ˅̋ǪȇȃǪ̸˧ȓҡǪȇǮ ˅̪˅̧̝̫̥Ȅߕ ̤ǪȇǼ˅̤̚ȓҡǪː̝ˈ˅̄ ̸̵̪ȇǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ . ّﺘﯾ ﱴﺣو ىﺪﻣ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺢﻀ ،ةﺮﻜﻔﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ قﺪﺻ ȁ̸˸ ̮ Ǵ̸ؑ ̦Ǫ م ˅̾ˈ߳Ǫː̏ˈ˅̧̰̥ȉ ˰̝̰̤Ǫǰ ̴ˈ Ȑ˼ ˬȉ ߳ǪǙ ّﺴﺣ ȓҡǪˑ ˈԶ̬ˊȅ˅ ȃ˅̜۸ ˨ȉǵ˅˾ ̭ : 2 َﻟ َﻨ َﳉا ﺎ ْﻔȍ̲ ُﻐﻟا تﺎ َﯾ ّﺮ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻌ َﻦ ȏԴ ُﻀﻟ َﺤ َﻮﯩҫǫ ȑ̑˷ ȍ̾ ُﻓﺎȍ̲ ȍ̻˅ ْﻘ َﻄ ْﺮ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ َﳒ َد ةﺪ َﻣ ﺎ َو ȍԷ߱ َﺑ ِﲏ َﻌﻟا ْﻨ َﻘ َو ءﺎ َﻣ ﲏﺑا ْﺤ َﺮ ٍق َﻓ̓ ȑ̟ȓˆ ِﺮ ْم ِﺑ َﻨ ȍ˭˅ َو ﻻﺎ ̟ȓǫ ـ ِﺮ ِﺑ م َﻨ ȍ̬ˊǪ˅ َﻣﺎ ﺔﻐﺑﺎﻨﻟا لﺎﻘﻓ : Ȑ̢̲̤ȇǙ˲̉˅˺ˑ ̭ȓǫ ّﻠﻗ ﻚ ȍ ߱ȇ̬Ǯ ˲ȇǙ̞ ̙˅̾̑˷ȓǫȇ̞ ̭˅̚ˠˑ ̧ ̧ ̜ȓˆ̙Ǚߜ˲̪ȓǫˑ ̧ َت ﺮﺨﻔﺗ ﱂو، َو ﻦﲟ ȍ߱ ك 3 . 1 ǹ Ǚ۸ ˕̉˅̰˾ ̤ǪǙȉ˲̢˸ ̋ ̤ǪȃҠ ̵̸ˈȓǫ : 11 . 2 ﳌا رﺪﺼ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ص، : 12 . 3 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ :ﳌا م ԴǶ˲ ǭ˲̵˅̝̤ǪǙː̧̀̚˸ ̤Ǫː̋ ˋ̄ ǪǙǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫࠄ ̊ Ǥࠇ̧ ̋ ̤Ǫ˱˭Ȓˆ̪߆ ݴ ̸ǪǙ ط، 2 ،: 1385 ه ص،ه : 54 -55 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا Ŗ̻̏̋ȇ ࠀ̸̝ˈː̏ˈ˅̰̤Ǫ˰̝̭ࠄ ̊ ࠅ ̸˾ ̤Ǫ̛ ": ﺮﻈﻧﺎﻓ ٕا Ȅߔ Ǥ˅̝̭ࠄ ̊ Ȑȃ˰̻ȉ ߳Ǫ̣ ̧̾߫Ǫ˰̝̰̤ǪǪ˱̵ࠃ ࠀȃ˅̜Ǚ̳˲̋ ˺ːˡ˅ˋ̻dzȇǙː̏ˈ˅̰̤Ǫ : Ȑ̭ȓҡǢ̞ ̙˅̾̑˷ȓǫˑ ̧ ̧ ̜ȓǫ لﺎﻗ ﻪ ): ˅̲̙˅̾̑˷ȓǫȇ ( ٸ˞̢̤ǪȇǙdz˰̋ ̤Ǫػ dzȓҡ̘ ̾̑˷̈ ݟȀ ˅̾̑˷ȓǫȇ ȇǙȀ ̸̾̑˷ ) Ǯ ˅̲߫̚Ǫ ( ȃ˅̜ȇǙȅ˅̚ˠٸ˞̢̤Ǫȇdz˰̋ ̤Ǫػ dzȓҡː̲̚ˠ̈ ݟ : Ȑ̭ȓҡǢǮ ߱ȇ̬Ǯ ˲ لﺎﻗ ﻪ ): Ǥ˅̝̰̤̋Ǫܳ ˈԷ߱ȇ قﺮﳏ ﲏﺑاو ( Ǚ̳ǧ˅˸ ̮߱ȇ̬˲ȇ̴ʿԴȒˆˈ˲ˮ̤̚ǪȂٵ ̙ . لﺎﻗ : ࠀȃ˅̜ː̏ˈ˅̰̤ǪȐȅȓǫȉȇǵȇ : ˑ ̋ Ȑȇ̞ ̙˅̾̑˷ȓǫˑ ̧ ̧ ̜ȓǫ ̽Ǚ̞ ̭˅̚ˠ ࠀ̸̜˰̻˲ ): Ȑ˲̤̏ǪǮ ˅̲߫̚Ǫ˅̰̤ ( ˇ ̵ǴȇǙȅ˅߫̚Ǫ̳˱̵Ǭ ˅̊ː̏ˈ˅̰̤ǪȐȅȓߓ ̙Ǚː̲߫̚Ǫ߆ Ǻ ˅̾ˈː̋ ǭȐ˲̤̏Ǫȇ ٕا ̴Ȑ̭ȓǫࠃ لﺎﻗ ﻮﻟ ): ˿ ̾ˋ̤ǪǮ ˅̲߫̚Ǫ˅̰̤ ( ȐҟȔǪȅ˅߫̚Ǫ߆ ̬˸ ˧ȓǫ̴Ȑ̭ȓǫȉ˲̫̋ ̧ ̙Ǚ̬˸ ˧ȓǫȊ˅́ ̾ˈ˅̶̧̋ ̬̪Ȋ˅̇ ̤̚Ṛ̏ˡȓǫ Ȑ˲̤̏ǪȐȅȓǫ ﺾﯿﺒﻟا " 1 . و ߵ ˱̟˲̠˱̭ ˲ݓ̬ˊ˶ ̝̤̿Ǫǧ˲̪ǪǽǶ˅̰˒Ȋ˅̸̪̻ ǭ˰ˋ̬̉ˊː̧̫̝̊ ȇ – ̣ ˪̤̚Ǫː̧̫̝̊ ̸̵ȇ -Ȑءȓǫ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫ߆ ﲈ Ȑߘ ȃ˅̝̙Ǚ˲̋ ˺ȓǫ ̴ˍ˧˅˾ ̤ࠇر̪˰˨Ǫȇ : ː̧̫̝̊ ȃ˅̝̙Ǚ̞ ̲̪˲̋ ˺ȓǫԷȓǫ : ȐȄȓǫ̞ ˒ȓǫ˲̪Դˑ ̿̀ ǵ˰̜ ܳ ̿ˈȊࠇ̢˧Ǭ ˰̲ˠ ˑ ̤˅̝̙Ǚ˅̵ࠇȐ̢Ǚ̞ ̲̿ˈȇ : ȐȄȓǫ ǧ˲̪Ǫȃ˅̝̙Ǚ˰˨Ǫȇȉȇǵȇǭ˰˨Ǫȇː̙̀˅̜ࠄ ̊ ࠇ̢̾̑˷˲̴̙̙̀ȅ˅̚˾ ˒ȊǪ˲̋ ˺ҟ̸̜ǙࠇࠂǬ ˰̲ˠ ̾˾ ̜˶ ̝̤̿Ǫ ﻪﺗﺪ : ȍ̊قǪȐ˲Ȏ̪ҧȍࠆ̧̾ȍ˭ َﲆ ȏ Ǭ ȍ˰ȑ̲ȎˠȐȄҬǫ ȏ Ǭ ҧ˱̋ȎǪȏdzǪʼȎ̤̚ǪȏǮ ȍԷ˅ȍˋȎ̤ Ȑȏ˿ ȍ̝Ȏ̭ . ̴˒˰̾˾ ̜ː̧̫̝̊ ȃ˅̜ȇ : ȎˇҨ̰ȍˣȍ˕̤ǪǪ˱ȍ̵ҨȎߘ ˅Ҥ̝ȍ˧Ȏ̞ȍ̻̩ȍ̤ȍȇȌˇȍ̵˱ȍ̪ȏٸȍ̎߆ ȏȅǪ˲ˣȏ̶̤Ǫȍ̬ȏ̪ȍˑˋȍ̵ȍǴ ˶ ̝̤̿Ǫǩ˲̪ҟˑ ̤˅̝̙Ǚ۸ ˒˰̾˾ ̝̤ǪȊ˅̋̾ݟ˅̵Ǫ˰˻ ̮ȓˆ̙ : Ȏ˲̋˺ȓǫː̧̫̝̊ ̞ ̲̪ . لﺎﻗ : ˑ ̤˅̜ǣ̘ ̠̾ : ةﺪﺒﻋ سﺮﻓ Ȑ̭ȓҡǢ̞ ˷˲̙̬̪dz̸ˠȓǫ ﺖﻠﻗ ﻚ : ȁ˅˸ ̧ ̥ȇȋǬ̸̶ȑ̤Ҭǫȏǻȑ̸ҧ˸̧ ̧ ̙ ȋǭҧǵdz ȏ˲ȑˠҧ˴̧̥ȇ Ȏ̈ȑ̜ȍȇ̴̲̪ ȍǰ̸ȑ̵ҫǫ ُﻣ َﻬ ّﺬ ِب ː̧̫̝̊ ȃ˅̜ȇǙ̴˕ˋ̋˒ȓˆ̴̙˕̻˲̪ȇǙȂ˲ˠǶ߆ ̞ ̃ ̸˸ ˉ̞ ˷˲̙Ǯ ˰̶ : ȍǵdzȓˆ̙ ْﻛ ȍԶҧ̶̬ Ȋ˅̭̾ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ َﻨ ِﺎ ِﻪﻧ ȍ̻ ȍߞҨ˲̫ َﺮﻟا ّﺮ ُﳌا ِﰁا ȍ˪˕ ّﻠ ِﺐ 1 ﳌا رﺪﺼ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ص، : 55 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ̴ˋ̋˕̻ߺȇ̴̃ ̸˸ ˉ̴ˈޢ ̻ߺṶ̴̈̌˅̰̬̪̉Ȋ˅̭̾Զ̴˷˲̙Ȃǵdzȓˆ̙ . 1 ȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̝ː̝ˈ˅̄ ǪȐȅȔ˅̙ȅǴȔǪ ȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̝Ȅߕ ̤Ǫː̝ˈ˅̄ ̪ȇȓǫǙ – ȓҡǪߵ Ǵ ّﻢﻬﳌا ﻞﺻ ̴̧̾̊ Ȅ˅̜ȉ ߳Ǫ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̊ -˰̋ ˈۤ ̙Ǥࠇ̧̋ ̤Ǫ̴̰̉ Ȑٴ ̊ ࠇ̴̟̰̉ Ȑٴ ̋ ˒ߺȅ ȔǪȇǙ˅̶̧̝̉߆ Ȋ˅ޚ ǪȇȇǬ ˰̲ˠȐȄȓǫǵ˰˽߆ Ȋ˅˅̜ܩ ̋ ̪ȅߐ . ȐȅȓǫǪ˱̵̶̬̪̩̭̚ȇ " Ȑر̢̤ȇǙː̙̀˅˭̢̬˔ߺ۸ ̵̧̾˅߫Ǫȃ̸̝̉߆ ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˰̊ Ǫ̸̝̤Ǫȇ̂ ˈǪ̸́ ̤Ǫ ȅ̸ؒ ̝̻Ǫ̸̭ߐ̩ ߶ ˒ȇ̂ ˈǪ̸́ ̤Ǫ̳˱̶̤۸ ̧ ̪ߐ̺̉ȇȇ̶̩̚ˈȂǪǴȇȓǫȄߕ ̤ǪǪ˱̵ȅ̸˸ ̝̻̿ࠕȇࠕٸ̎Ȅߔ ȅȇ˰̝̰̻ȇǙ̩ࠐߔ ˶ ̻̿˅̝Ǫ ". 2 ȐȅȓǫԷ˰ˡȇ˰̝̤ȇ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﻟا ﲔﺑ ﻊﻤﲡ و ﲅﻌ ﻟا ّﻦﻔ ، ﻟا ﲔﺑ و و ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨ ﻟا Ư̈̌ ̾ˋ̄ ˕ ̶̺̖̙ ّﺲﺣو ﻊﺒﻃ ̶̺̖̙ǙȁȇǴȇ ȊԷȓˆ˺˅̶̫̇ ̉ȓǫȇȨ̸̏ ̋ ̤ǪȀ ݾ ȓǫ̬̪Ȑ˰̋ ˒ ﻞﺼﻧ ﺎﳢﻓ، ٕا ّﴎو ﻩﺮﲮ نﺎﯿﺑو؛ ﷲ بﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃ ٕا ǻ ˅ˍ̱˕̑˷ǪȇǢ̳Ƕ˅ ȓǫ ﱪﺳو ، ﻪﻣﲀﺣ ȓǫ ˰˺˲Ǫ࠘ ȇǙː̭̾˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ̳ǵǪݼ ȓǫȇ̳Ƕ̸̰̟ǰǪ˲ˮ˕̑˷ǪȇǙ̴̪̀Ǫ˲̶̪̩̙ȇǙ̴˒ԹȒǫٸ˸ ̚˒ȇ̳ǵǪ̸̍ ٕا ﱃ ȓҡǪǹ ̸˾ ̰̤Ǫ߆ ٸ˾ ̝˕̤Ǫȇȃࠇ̢̤Ǫ̬̃ Ǫ̸̪ ː̾ˈdz . ȇː̧̥̏Ǫ߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ DZҠ ̄ ˽ Գ : ː̤̏ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ : نٕا م ˅̪̬̣̋̉ ˾ ̰̻̚ҟȄ̸̶̪̚ː̧̚˕߿Ǫː̸̧̻̥̏Ǫ̴˒ҟࠇ̋ ˕̑˷Ǫ߆ ȇǙق˲̋ ̤ǪȃȇǪ˰˕̤Ǫ߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪȄ̸̶̪̚ ˰̸̻ˣ˕̤Ǫȇ۸ ˸ ˩˕̤Ǫم ˅̋Ȋ˅Ǫdẑ ˋ˒˲̽ȇǙٸ˙ȓˆ˕̤ǪǤ˅̏˕ˈǪẹ̑ ̾˽̸˕̤Ǫ . و ٕﻻا ﱔ ǵ̸̇ ̲̪̬ˊǪȃ˅̜Ǚȃ̸˽̸̤ǪȇǤ˅د̯ ": ﻎﻠﺑ Ȋ˅̸̧̎ ˈ̌ ̧ ˋ̻Ǥޏ ̤Ǫ Ȋ˅̎Ҡ ˈȇ ̣ ˽ȇǤޏ ̤Դ̌ ̧ ˋ˒Ǚ̹̖د̯Ǫẹ̑ ˽ȇ ٕا ̣ ˽̸˕̻ȇ̴ˈ̌ ̧ ˍ˖̻˅̪ǾҠ ˋ̤ǪǙ̳dzǪ˲̪ࠃ ٕا ءﴚﻟا ﱃ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ". 3 1 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : ǹ ǙǙː̧̀̚˸ ̤Ǫː̋ ˋ̄ ǪǙǤǪ˲̋ ˻ ̤Ǫࠄ ̊ Ǥࠇ̧ ̋ ̤Ǫ˱˭Ȓˆ̪߆ ݴ ̸ǪǙم Ƕ˅Ǫ : 26 -27 . 2 ǹ Ǚ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ˰̰̉ː̾̍Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˶ ̻̿˅̝ǪǙ̴ˈǵ˰ˋ̉˰̾̑˸ ̤Ǫȉ Ƕ̸̙ 53 .: 3 ǻ ǙǮ ȇٸˈǙق˲̋ ̤Ǫǯ Ǫٵ ̤ǪǤ˅̀˧ǪǵǪdzǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫȅ˅˸ ̤Ǚǵ̸̇ ̲̪̬ˊǪ 1،2010 ج، 1 ص، 373 ةدﺎﻣ، : ﻎﻠﺑ
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا Ȋ˅̸̧̎ ˈȅߑ Ǫ̌ ̧ ˈȇ : ﻞﺻو ٕا Ṳ̴̈̌̾ ȓǫ ȄҠ ̤̏ǪȇǙ̴̧̾̊ Ȁ ǵ˅˺ȇ : Ȃǵdzȓǫ 1 وȓǫ ّﻣ Ȋ˅˨Ҡ ̄ ˽ Ǫ˅ ˅ر̪˲̠˱̭ǭٸ˜̟Ǯ ˅̻̚˲̋ ˒̴̙̀Ǯ dzǵȇ : ﺪﻗو ȓǫ ǵ̸̇ ̲̪̬ˊǪǵ˅˺ ٕا ﲎﻌﳌا ﱃ ٕﻻا ݮ Ҡ ̄ ˽ لﺎﻘﻓ ": ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ : ː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫ . ُﻎْﻠِﺒﻟا و ُﻎْﻠَﺒﻟاو : ȃ˅ˡ˲̤Ǫ̬̪̌ ̧̾ˋ̤Ǫ . ȋ̌ŗ̏ȏˈȇȋ̌ŗ̏ȍˈȇȋ̌̾ȏ̧ȍˈ̣ ˡǵ : ˰̜ȇǙǤ˅̧̏ˈ̈ ߮ ǪȇǙ̴ˋ̧̜߆ ˅̪ ȍ̴ȑ̰Ȏ̴̟̭˅˸ ̤ǭǵ˅ˋ̋ˈ̌ ̧ ˋ̴̻Ȏ˪̾ȏ˾ȍ̙Ȅߕ ̤Ǫ̬˸ ˧ Ȋːȍ̎ ȍҠȍˈǙ̩́ ̤ԴǙȍ̌Ȏ̧ȍˈ ȓǫ ȋ̧̌̾ˈȋȃ̸̜ȇ˅Ȋ̧̏̾ˈǵ˅˽ ȉ : ȍ̌Ȏ̧ˈ˰̜ȇȋ̤̌Դ " 2 و ٕا ّﻗد اذ ˦ˋ̑˸ ̼̳Է˰ˡȇǙǵ̸̇ ̲̪̬ˊǪ̘ ̻˲̋ ˒߆ ˅̲̝ ȔҟǪȃ̸˧ǵȇ˰̻ȉ ߳Ǫː̫ߛ ̧ ̥Ȅ˅̤̋Ǫܩ ̋ Ǫ߶ ̙߆ Ǥ˅د̯ Ȑ˲̻̚ߺȇǙȂǪǵdzȔҟǪȇː̙ǵ˅˻ Ǫȇȃ̸˽̸̤Ǫȇ ː˨˅˾ ̤̚Ǫȇː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ۸ ˈȁ . و " dzǪ˲̽ȔǪȇǙ˅̶Ȑ̝˧ˇ ̠̾Ǫٵ ̤Ǫǹ Ǫ̸ˬː̸̙̀˕ˈǹ ˅˾ ˗ˬǪࠀǪȐ˰˨م ˅̋Ǫː̻dzȓˆ˒߆ ̩ߛ ˕ǪǾ̸̧ ˈ࠘ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ˅̶ݨȇࠄ ̊ ː̻˅̢̲̤ǪȇǶ˅߽Ǫȇ̴̀ˌ˻ ˖̤ǪǽǪ̸̭ȓǫ " 3 ﺮﻟا ﻎﻠﺑو ̌ ̧̾ˈ̸̶̙ː̎Ҡ ˈ̣ ˡ : Ȑٸˋ̋˕̤Ǫ̬˸ ˧ȓǫǪǴȔǪ ࠃ ˅̋˒ࠀ̸̜ߵ Ǵ̬̪ȇǙ̴˸ ̭̚߆ ˅ ": Ȏȍȑ̋ȍ̻ȍ̬̽ȏҧ߳Ǫȍ̞ȏ˂ȍ̤ȇҬǫ ˅Ȋ̏̾ȏ̧ȍˈ Ȋҟȑ̸ȍ̜ȑ̩ȏ̶ȏ˸Ȏ̚ȑ̭ҫǫ ȏ߆ ȑ̩Ȏ̶ȍ̤ṛ̏Ȏ̜ȍȇȑ̩Ȏ̶ȑ̇ȏ̉ȍȇȑ̩Ȏȑرȍ̉ ȑǺ ȏ˲ȑ̉ҫˆȍ̙ȑ̩ȏȏ̸ؙȎ̧Ȏ̜ ȏ߆ ˅ȍ̪Ȏҧ߹ Ǫ " 4 . و Ȑȅȓǫ̅ ˧Ҡ ̻˅̵̰̬̪ ߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ٕﻻا ﻒﻠﺘﳜ، حﻼﻄﺻ ȃ˅̝̻Ǚ̩ߛ ˕ǪȇȄߕ ̤Ǫ̸̵ȇǙ˅̶̸̙˽̸̪Ȁ Ҡ ˗ˬԴ˅̵˅̰̪̋ : ̧̌̾ˈ̩ߛ ˗̪Ǫ˱̵ȇǙ̌ ̧̾ˈȄߔ Ǫ˱̵ لﺎﻘﯾ ﻼﻓ ﺔﻤﳫﻟا ﺎﲠ ﻒﺻﻮﺗ ﻻو، : ﺔﻐﯿﻠﺑ ﺔﻤﳇ ﻩﺬﻫ .5 و Ȑdz˅̪̂ ˈǵࠄ ̊ ː̾ˈ˲̋ ̤Ǫː̧̥̏ǪǮ ࠇˣ̋ ̪̈ ̫֗ ة) ﻎﻠﺑ ( ȔҟǪȇȃ̸˽̸̤Դ˅ز̙ ̯ ءﺎﳤ ، ȓҡǪࠇ̵ǴȔǪ ّدﺎﳌا ﰲ ﻞﺻ Ǥ˅ˡǙǭ ﲔﻌﻟا ﰲ : ː̎Ҡ ˈ̌ ̧ ˈ ̧̌̾ˋ˒ȇǾҠ ˈǪ˱̟߆ ȇǙ˅̵̸֣ȇߦ˅˷˲̤Ǫ߆ Ȋ˅̧̋̾ˋ˒̴˕̧̏ˈȇǙȊ˅̎Ҡ ˈȔǪ̴˕̧̏ˈȓǫȇǙȊ˅̸̧̎ ˈ̌ ̧ ˋ̻Ǥޏ ̤Ǫ̌ ̧ ˈȇǙ Ȃ˰ݨ ̣ ̫̋ ̤Ǫ̬̪̌ ̧ ˋ˒ȅȓǫː̤̏˅ˋǪȇǙː̻˅̟̚ȉ ȓǫ 6 ࠁ˞̪ː̧̥̏Ǫǭ˲̶ݟ߆ ȇǙ 7 . 1 ǻ Ǚȅ˅̰ˋ̤ǙǮ ȇٸˈǙق˲̋ ̤Ǫǯ Ǫٵ ̤ǪǤ˅̀˧ǪǵǪdzǙࠆ ˻ ̉˲Ǫ̬ݔ˲̤Ǫ˰ˋ̉˰ࠉ Ǯ Ǚ̂ ̾߾ǪǷ ̸̪˅̝̤ǪǙȉ dzԴȒǫǶȇٸ̤̚Ǫ : 2،2003 ص، 719 . 2 ǰǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫȅ˅˸ ̤Ǚǵ̸̇ ̲̪̬ˊǪ 1 ص، 373 3 ˇ ˗̢̤ǪǵǪdzǙȨ̸̏ ̋ ̤ǪDZ˅˗̪̚Ǚߤ ߑ ˸ ̤Ǫ ط،نﺎﻨﺒﻟ توﲑﺑ، ﺔﯿﻤﻠﻌﻟا :1 ، 1983 : ض : 415 . 4 Ǥ˅˸ ̱ ̤Ǫ : 63 . 5 ǻ Ǚȅࠇ̉Ǚ̈ ̻Ƕ̸˕̤Ǫȇނ ̱ ̧ ̥ǭٸ˸ ǪǵǪdzǙ̈ ̻˰ˋ̤Ǫ̊ Ǚȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ̊ Ǚم ˅̋Ǫ̊ Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫࠃ Ǫ̣ ˭˰̪ǙǷ ȇ˰̋ ̤Ǫ̸ˈȓǫ̘ ˷̸̻ 1،2007 ص، 48 6 ՇǙ۸ ̋ ̤ǪǙȉ ˰̵̾Ǫ˲̤̚Ǫ˰ݔȓǫ̬ˊ̣ ̧̾߭Ǫ : ˰̏ˈǙ˰̾̑˺˲̤ǪǵǪdzǙفǪ˲̪˅˸ ̤Ǫۮ̵Ǫ˲ˊǪȇࠒ ȇ˴߿Ǫȉ ˰ࠐ ،طد،دا 1980 ج، 4 ص، : 420 ةدﺎﻣ، : ﻎﻠﺑ . 7 ǻ Ǚ˰̶̰̤ǪǙ̬̠߱ǪdzԴȒǫǵ˰̀˧Ǚː̭̾ۢ ̋ ̤ǪȀ ǵ˅̋ǪǵǪdzː̋ ˋ̄ ̪Ǚː̧̥̏Ǫǭ˲̶ݟǙ˰̻ǵdz̬ˊǪ : 1،1354 ج،ـﻫ 1 ص، : 318 .
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا و ۸ ݨȇࠄ ̊ ȃ˅̝˒ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ": Ȁ ˅˽ȇȓǫː˙Ҡ ˙̈ ̫֚ȅȓǫߵ ǴȇǙ˅̧̏̾ˈ̴˒Ǫ˱ˈȅ̸̢̽ȅȓǫࠇ̵˰˨ȓǫ : ȊԴǪ̸˽ ﰲ ﻟ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ًﺎﻘﺒﻃو ،ﻪﺘﻐ Ȋ˅̜˰˽ȇǙdz̸˾ ̝Ǫܩ ̋ ̧̫̥ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ̘ ˽ȇȄٵ ˭Ǫܧ ̪ȇ Ȋ˅˾ ̜Էȅߐߵ Ǵ̬̪ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ߆ . Ȋ˅̧̏̾ˈȅ̸̢̽ȅȓǫم ˅˜̤Ǫȇ ࠀȃ̸̝Ǫẹ̑ ʿ˅̝̤Ǫǵ˅ˋ˕̉Դ . ȊǪ˲̪ȓǫ̣ ʿ˅̝̤Ǫ˰˾ ̝̻ȅȓǫ̸̵ȇ ّدﲑﻓ ȅȓǫ̛ ̝̀˧̴ˡȇࠄ ̊ ̳ ࠀȃ̸̝Ǫࠁˍ̝̻ " 1. و ٕﻻﺎﻗ ࠘ ̸̜̬ˊȁ˅ݷ ": Ȑ ހ ̻̚ߺ ̬ˊǪٸ˸ ̚˒ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﻊﻔﻘﳌا ) ت 146 ( ȓǫ ˰˨ ، ȃ˅̜ǣː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ˅̪̣ ˂̑˷ : ǭٸ˜̸̟̳ˠȇ߆ ȉ˲֗ȅ˅̋̈ ̪˅ˡބ Ǫː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ . ȔҟǪ߆ ȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙǮ ̸̢˸ ̤Ǫ߆ ȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر߂ ˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙǽۡ ̑˷ ȔҟǪ߆ ȅ̸̢̽ ȊǪ˲̋ ˺ȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙǤǪ˰˕ˈǪȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙǰ˅ˤ˗˧Գ ߆ ȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙǭǵ˅˺ ȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇǙ ًﺎﻌﲭ ًﺎﺒﻄﺧو ، ȊҠ ʿ˅˷ǵȅ̸̢̽˅̪˅ر̪ȇ ّﻣﺎﻌﻓ، ȓҡǪ̳˱̵̬̪ȅ̸̢̽˅̪ː ˅ز̙ݮ ̸̤ǪǬ Ǫ̸ˈ ةرﺎﺷٕﻻاو ﲎﻌﳌا ﱃا زﺎﳚٕﻻاو ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̸̵ " 2 فّﺮﻋو " ˲ˬȒǫ̈ ̀ ̸̪߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ̈ ̝̚Ǫ̬ˊǪ ȃ˅̜۸ ˨ ": ߆ Ǭ ˅̰̃ ȔҟǪȇ̴̋ ̀ ̸̪߆ Ƕ˅֚Գ ࠘ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ȃ˅߬Ǫޭ ˗̝Ȅߕ ̤Ǫː̝ˈ˅̄ ̪ȇ̴ˋ̧̄ ˕˒ܱ ̤Ǫ̈ ̀ Ǫ̸Ǫ " 3 ﻋ ﲈﻛ ﱔو، ˇ ̤˅̃ قȓǫ̬ˊࠆ ̊ ˅̶̙˲ " ﻦﻋ لﻮﻗ حﺎﺼﻓٕا ̘ ̻˲̋ ˒ߙ ˻ ̪̬̉ː̭ԴȔǪȇː̧̝̏˕̑˸ ̪ːߟ ˧ 4 و ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ҟȇ̴˒˅̾̃ ߆ ː˙̸˜ˍ̪۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ߆ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤ǪԹ˅́ ̜ ˼ ̧ ˯˕̑˸ ˓ ٕا ّﻻ Ȑ̪ȓˆ˕̤Դ ﻲﻋاﻮﻟا ﻞ . ّﻔﺼﺘﳌاو Ȑ̾ˋ̤ǪǬ ˅˗̢̤˦ Ȑ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅ Ȑȅȓǫٸ̎ː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥ǭ˰̻˰̊ Ǯ ˅̻̚˲̋ ˒˰֚۸ ̘ ̻˲̋ ˕̤ǪǪ˱̵̬˸ ˩˕̑˷Ǫ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ " Ȑ̛˩˕̑˸ ̼Ȅߕ ̤Ǫȅ̸̢̽ҟ Ȑ ܧ ˧Ǚː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫބ Ǫ ̴̇ ̤̚ȅ̸̢̽Ҡ ̙Ǚ̳˅̴̰̪̋̇ ̤̚ȇǙ̴̇ ̤̳̚˅̛̰̪̋ ˈ˅˸ ̼ ٕا ﻚﻌﲰ ﱃ ̳˅̛̰̪̬̪̋ ˋ̑˷ȓǫ ٕا ﱃ ﻗ ﻚﺒﻠ " 5 ˅Ȑ؟ȓˆˈ˲ˬȒǫ̈ ̀ ̸̪߆ ˅̶̙Ȑ˲̉ࠇ̟ȇǙ " : ٸ̎߆ Ǭ ˅̰̃ ȔҟǪȇ˴ٸ̎߆ Ƕ˅ˡȔҟǪː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫ ﻞﻄﺧ " 6 ː̎Ҡ ˋ̤˅̙ ﻢﳫﺘﳌا غﻮﻠﺑ ﱔ Ȑ˰˨م ˅̋Ǫː̻dzȓˆ˒߆ Ȑ̝˧ˇ ̠̾Ǫٵ ̤Ǫǹ Ǫ̸ˬː̸̙̀˕ˈǹ ˅˾ ˗ˬǪࠀǪ ǽǪ̸̭ȓǫdzǪ˲̽ȔǪȇǙ˅̶ ̴̀ˌ˻ ˖̤Ǫ و ȇǙ˅̶ݨȇࠄ ̊ ː̻˅̢̲̤ǪȇǶ˅߽Ǫ " ȅ˅̙˲̃ ː̎Ҡ ˋ̧̥ : ࠇر̿ˈȇࠇ̵ǪǵԷࠀȈ ǤǪٵ ̻ҟ˅̰̻˅ˋ˒ȅ˅̰̻˅ˋ˗̪Ụ̈̌ ̚˷ȓǫȇࠄ ̊ ȓǫ 1 ՇǙȅǪ˲̝̤Ǫˇ ̻˲̍߆ Ǯ Ǫdz˲̚ǪǙم ˅̶̚˽ Գ ˇ ̍Ǫ˲̤Ǫ : Ǚޠ ̪Ǚː̻ޠ Ǫ̸̧ ֙Գ ːˋ˗̢̪Ǚ߷ Ȁ ˅˭˰ݔȓǫ˰ࠉ 1970 ص، : 60 2 ȅ˅̵ٴ ̤ǪǙˇ ˒ߑ ̤Ǫˇ ̵ȇ̬ˊǪ ج ، نﺎﯿﺒﻟا ﻩﻮﺟو ﰲ 1 ص، 96 3 ǰȅȇǵ˅̵ȄҠ ˸ ̤Ǫ˰ˋ̛̉ ̝̀֡Ǚ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ 1 ص، 116 . 4 Ǚȉ˲̢˸ ̋ ̤ǪȃҠ ̵̸ˈȓǫ ﲔﺘﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ، ص 58 5 ǰǙ۸ ̿ˋ˕̤Ǫȇȅ˅̾ˋ̤ǪǙ̅ ˧˅߫Ǫ 1 ص، : 115 6 ﻆﺣﺎﳉا ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا رﺪﺼﳌا، ج 1 ص، 97
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺮﯿﻜﻔﺘﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻤﻟا ȓҡǪ̬߂Ǣː˒ȇ˅̚˗̪Ǚޠ ߬ǪǮ ̸̚˒dzߑ ˔Ǚˇ ˒Ǫ˲̪ ǵ˰̝̤Ǫ̸̵ȇǙː̎Ҡ ˋ̤Ǫǩ ˰˗ˌ˒̣ ̚˷ ̛ ˩˕̤ǪǤދ ̴̲̪˼ ̝̭ǪǴǪȉ ߳Ǫ ̢̬؈ҟȇȂǵ˰Ȏ̻ˇ ̾ȌǶ˅ȔҟǪȊ˰˨̌ ̧ ˋ˒ȅȓǫࠃ ȔǪǭ˰̊ ˅˾ ˗̪˰̻Ǫٿ̤Ǫ߆ ˱˭ȓˆ˒ǙǮ ԷǪ̸̾߬ǪǮ Ǫ̸˽ȓˆˈȄߕ ̤Ǫߵ Ǵ ﻪﻔﺻو " . 1 . و ˰˾ ̝̻ق˲̸̵̉ȇȉ ˰̢̲̤Ǫ̘ ˷̸̻Ǭ ̸̸̝̻̋ˈȓǫǪǴ̸̵˅̵ ࠀȃ̸̝̤̾Ƿ ˅ˋ̤̋ǪԴȓǫ : ّﱐٕا Ȅߔ ߆ ˰ˡȓҡ ًﻮﺸﺣ بﺮﻌﻟا Ƿ ˅ˋ̤̋Ǫ̸ˈȓǫࠀȓˆ˸ ̼ȇǙǪ ࠀȃ̸̝̙̀Ǚ̸˻ ߬Ǫߵ Ǵ̴̙̀˰ˡȇȉ ߳Ǫ̈ ̀ ̸Ǫ̬̉ : ȅ̸̸̤̝̻ࠕ˰ˡȓǫ : ﷲ ﺪﺒﻋ نﻮﻟﻮﻘﯾ ﰒ، ﰂﺎﻗ : نﻮﻟﻮﻘﯾ ﰒ، ﰂﺎﻗ ﷲ ﺪﺒﻋ ّنٕا : ّنٕا ﰂﺎﻘﻟ ﷲ ﺪﺒﻋ . ȓҡǪ ﳐ ظﺎﻔﻟ ࠀ̸̝ˈǷ ˅ˋ̤̋Ǫ̸ˈȓǫ̴ˋ֚̾Ǚ˰˨Ǫȇܩ ̋ Ǫȇː̧̚˕ : ȓҡ˅̙Ǚː̧̚˕ࠍم ˅̋Ǫ ّو م ˅˜̤ǪȇǙ̴̪˅̜̬̀̉ǵ˅ˍˬȔǪȃ ˲̢̲̪ǵߑ ̯ȔǪ̬̉Ǭ Ǫ̸ˠ˘ ̤˅˜̤ǪȇỤ̈̌ ʿ˅˷ȃǪʼ˷̬̉Ǭ Ǫ̸ˠ 2 . ٸ˸ ̚˕̤Ǫ߆ ̴˒Ǫǵ˅˺ ȔǪȇ̺̍Ҡ ˋ̤ǪǷ ǵ߱Ǫ ȔҟǪǤ˅ˡ˅Ȑȇ Ȑ˴̵ȇǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫǽࠇ˷ȓǫˇ ̧ Ǚ˲̢̤ǪȅȒǫ˲̝̤Ǫȃ˴̯ȇǙȃ̸̝̤̋Ǫࠄ ̊ ̴˸ އ ˑ ̜ݾ ȓǫȇǙȄҠ ˷ ȔҟǪȄ˅̪ȓǫ̬̽ǵ̸خ̪Ǫ̸̜̚ȇǙ̩؟˅̾ˈȇ̩د̍Ҡ ˈȁ˅̙ȇǙ̩؛˰˄̙ȓǫ زﺎﲺ ˲̧̝̥م ˅̾ˋ̤Ǫ Ȓǫ ̩؛˲̄ ̚ˈdzǪǵȓǫ˅̪Ǫ̸̶̫̙˰̝̙Ǚ˲̢̤Ǫȅ ̴̭˅̾ˈˇ ̤̾˅˷ȓǫȇǙ̴̫̇ ̭ȇ̴ˋ̠̾˲˔߆ ̬ߟ ˔ܱ ̤ǪǵǪݼ ȓҡǪǪ̸̠ǵdzȓǫȇǙ̩د̧̝̾˷ː̪Ҡ ˷ȇ . ˲̝̤Ǫ̈ ކ ۸ ˨ȃ˅̜ː̋ ̾ˈǵ̬ˊːˋ˕̉Ȑȅȓǫȉ ȇǵ˰̝̙ Ȓǫ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ن : Ȑ م ȓǫ۫ ̧̫̊ ˰̜ǙȄ̸̜Թ ȐҟȔǪȊ˅˄̿˺Ȃ˲˔ȓǫߺ ﺪﻗو Ȋҟ̸̜ˑ ̋ ކ ˰̝̤߷ ȇǙ̴˒ȓǫ˲̜ȇ̴˕̧̫̊ ȇ̴˕̧̜ ː̭˅̶̢̤Դҟȇ˲˩˸ ̤Դҟȇ˲̋ ˻ ̤Դ̸̵˅̪ǙȐ̂ ̜ࠁ˞̪ˑ ̋ ކ ˅̪ 3 . ﷲ لﻮﺳرو – ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ߷ ࠄ ˽ -ˇ ̻˱د̦Ǫȇ̘ ̝̀˜˕̤Ǫȇː̾ˈٵ ̤Դ̴ˈǵ̳˰̶̋˒ǙǬ ˲̋ ̤Ǫ˦˾ ̙ȓǫ̸̵ȇ ̴˗˧˅˾ ̙ˑ ̭ߐȇǙߦ˅˷˲̤Ǫ̣ ߯ ࠀȊǪdzǪ˰̊ ȔǪ – ˷ȩ̴̑̾̊ ߷ ࠄ ˽ -Ǯ ˅̇ ˧Ҡ Ǫ̬̪ٸ˞̢̤Ǫ̬̉ˑ ̚˻ ̡ܱ ̤Ǫ 1 ǻ Ǚȅ˅̰ˋ̤Ǯ ȇٸˈǙː̧̫̾̋ ̤Ǫˇ ˗̢̤ǪǵǪdzǙȨ̸̏ ̋ ̤ǪDZ˅˗̪̚Ǚߤ ߑ ˸ ̤Ǫ 1،1983 ص، 415 -416 . 2 ǹ ǙǶ˅Գ ̣ ʿҟdzǙم ˅ˡ˲߫Ǫ˲̵˅̝̤Ǫ˰ˋ̉ 232 3 ﺮﻈﻨﯾ : ǰǙː̸̻ˋ̰̤Ǫǭٸ˸ ̤ǪǙȄ˅˻ ̵̬ˊǪ 1 ص، : 293 -294 .
