*,+-/.103254/0+76+)898:+<;>=?A@ 4CBED+.-FHGIG3-/JKL4/JMN.O;>=?QPR+)0ST-U+)BVGW.
XZY[L\^]C_C`aYbc_d^ef3dg`a[5hi_jY]Zk5l mnYbElYgo
pbEmrqRY]ts/mr_Uuvd^ewxmnqgYy]C[>dzdg{|o
w1mrqRY]j[LdzdR{Vw}g~gVIoEpZ
Y`\^mn{|W yT\g`a`a\Eo5TE,dzdR{ni]jmigYRoiI{n\Rl dzY^^"lsjl^{rmnqV\Rl^h5
0ZJK5.1+.xKEz4/JZ4/
5 1¡y¢£;¤)¥>¦§¨1?V©NVª«cV¡v¬x¢®¯«R«R¢c¤
°ªª|=|±LV=W¤1²a¢®³«R=¡c¤
´iµV¶V¶V¶ ¤·¸°¹¹²¬
«cº;>|ªC»"¼5 1¡y¢£;V½;E¢®³W¾À¿UVy¢¯=«R¢c¾rÁ>
PR032iK5GJÂZB>254UGN0
ÃNsC[>Y]jdgbc_Cd,mnsa\^bÄ/kiÅ[E]CdgÆUYyl_!Ç
www.esperonto.net
o
/kiIÈUÉ^ÊRÊ5Ë ÈÍÌ^ÎcÌc^ÌRÏÐÑ5dRsCYvdgÒ5ÆUYyl_jmrqRY¨ms_jdÓÒ5]jmigY¨_CÑ5YÔR\^[
Ò>Y _UÐIYYb:l h5]j]jYbc_(ÐIYÒ7_CYyltÑEb5dg{ndgRmrY¯s,\gbE_jÑ5YÕkzY`\^bc_jmnl
(YÒÖÇ×5YybØÉ^ÊgÊRÌRÏ WÑ5Yal h5]j]CYybc_"ÐIYÒ(mns\gmr`aYy(\£_ÙÑzh5`\^b
l dRbEsCh5`a[i_Cmndgbxo)\gbEÚmnsÛYyÚdRbØ`\^]jzh5[Ú{n\gb5ghE\ggY¯ss/hLltÑØ\gs
ÜÓwo®ÐÑ5mltÑÛsC[LY¯l mreÝu_CÑ5YI[E\^RYN{\®ugdRhi_mnbdR]jiYy]1_jd]jYbE5Y]
mr_`dR]CYÙ\g[5[LY¯\^{nmrbEÛ_jdÑzh5`\^bhEsCY]tsNÞZb¸_CÑ5YÙdg_CÑ5Yy]ÑE\gbEßo
_CÑEYkzYy`\^bc_Cml¨(YÒmnsmnbc_CYbLiYyØ_Cd(ÒLY¸hEsCYy\gbEØhEbEiY]CÈ
s/_CdzdiÒzusCd^eà_UÐW\^]jY3[E]CdRg]t\^`so£\gbEmsÒE\Rs/Y¯dRbÛb5YyÐdR]]jY{rÈ
\£_jmrqRY{nub5YyÐÄ_Uuc[>YysNd^eV{n\gb5ghL\^gY¯s)s/hLltÑv\gsáX"WÇk5ÏÇ×XZYyltRY]
âãä£åræ
É^ÊgÊRÊRÏ oLXZwçÙÞZUwèÇ×XZHÏ o>\gbE`adg]jY]jYylYbc_C{nu
ÞÕwÄÇéÞÕwØÏ
WÑ5mnsWltÑE\gb5gYmrb¨_CÑ5YhEsCY]I[LYy]jsC[>Yyl_jmrqRYmsWiY _jY]j`mnb5Y¯vÒzu
_CÑEY"mnbEl]CY¯\gsCmrb5Ûmrb5eÝdg]j`a\^_Cmndgbvd£qRY]j{rdc\gaÐÑ5mltѸmnsWltÑE\g]j\Rl_CYy]/È
ms/mnb5_jÑ5Y¸mrbieÝdR]C`\^_CmndgbsCdil mnY _UuêÇ×\gYysÔËy~R~^ÎcÏ ,!dR]CY¸\^bE
`adg]jYd^eà_jYbxozÐÑ5YybvëRhEY]jucmnb5sCYy\g]jltÑaYbEgmnb5YysyoRÐIY\^]jYe×\Rl Yy
ÒzuØÑzh5bEi]jYyEsd^eidil h5`aYbc_tsÐÑ5mltÑb5YyYy_CdÚÒ>Y\£_v{nYy\RsU_
sjl\^bEb5Yy_CÑE]CdRh5gÑÖmnbÕdg]tiY]a_jdiY_CY]j`amrbEYÐÑ5Y _jÑ5Y]v_CÑ5Yyu
\^]jY]jY{nYq£\^bc_3_CddRh5]Ib5YY¯5soi\gbEvsCYy\^]tltÑaYb5RmrbEYysI\^]jYZs/_C]jh5^È
g{nmnb5¸_CdYbEsCh5]jY_CÑ5YvëchE\g{rmr_Uud^eW]jY _C]jmnYqgY¯]jYysCh5{r_jsyv!dg]jY È
d£qgYy]yoc_jÑ5YysCYÙ]CY¯s/hE{ì_idab5dg_mrbEl{rhLiYiuzbE\^`amlÐ3YyÒ¸ldgbc_CYybc_yo
sChEltÑØ\gs_CÑ5Y¸l dRbR_jYbc_RYb5Yy]j\^_CYyÚÒzuÚëch5Y]juzmrb5,5\£_t\^ÒE\Rs/Y¯s
(YØ_CÑEY]jY eÝdg]jYØe×\Rl YT_jÑ5YÖltÑE\^{n{rYyb5gYd^e_j\g`amrb5_CÑ5YÑzh5gY
g]jd£ÐW_CÑ!dge_CÑEYÛêêíÒcu!`\gcmnb5ÔhEs/YÛd^eNbEd£qgY{]jY _C]jmnYq£\^{
\^[E[5]Cdc\gltÑ5Y¯s_CÑE\^_I`\ggYhEsCYdgexd^_CÑEY]NmnbieÝdR]C`\£_jmrdRbmrbÔ\g5imrÈ
_Cmnd_Cd!sCmr`a[5{nYgYyuzÐ3dR]j5syoßmnbieÝdg]j`\£_Cmndgb,_CÑL\£_l dRbEl Yy]CbLs_jÑ5Y
`aYy\gb5mrbEEo®_CÑL\£_)mns3î
âïaä^ðEã|ñ×ò
îo^dge5_CÑ5Yldgbc_CYybR_d^e>Ð3YyÒ[E\ggY¯s
Íbe×\Rl_¯o1kzY`\^bc_jmnl,YyÒÄÇ|kzÏ[L\^gY¯sZs/_CdR]CYÛÒLdg_CÑ,ÑchE`a\gbiÈ
h5bE5Y]tsU_t\^bE5\gÒ5{nYl dRbR_jYbc_Çà_jÑ5Y_jY óz_"ldg`a[>dRsCmrb5a_jÑ5YÛ5dzlhiÈ
`aYbc_tÏ_CdRgY _jÑ5Y]ZÐmì_jÑÓ\^bÓYbEldz5mrb5¨d^e)_CÑEYÛsCY`\^bc_CmlsZ\^bE
_CÑEY"s/_C]jhEl_jh5]jYd^eß_jÑ5YimrRmì_t\^{Vl dRbR_jYbc_y)WÑ5Y"s/Yy`\^bc_CmlsI\^bE
_CÑEYZs/_C]jhEl_jh5]CYdge1imngmr_j\^{>l dRbR_jYbc_Nms]jY[5]jYysCYbc_jYyÒzuÛ`aYy\gbEs
d^e5dRbc_Cdg{ndgRmrY¯sÇkz_ChEiYy]yo^IYyb£Æ/\^`amnbEso^ôÖEYbEsCY{VËy~R~gõcÏo¯ÐÑ5mnltÑ
ö÷¯ø£ù^úUûÀü¯ý£þÿ úUû
ÿ
÷ ÿ û þUûÀ÷
÷yú úÍþUû
ÿ û
þ ûÀü "!$#%#%#'& û&÷úUü)( & úUûÀü¯ý£þ ú* ú,+ -.&
\^]jYNY ói[5{nml mr_\gbE`\gltÑEmrb5YWsCÑE\^]t\^Ò5{nYN]jY[E]CY¯s/YybR_t\£_jmrdRbEsxdgeE_CÑEY
l dgbLl Y[5_ChE\g{rmsC\^_Cmndgb¸\^ÒEs/_C]t\gl _Cmnb5\[5ÑEYb5dR`Yyb5dgb1
ÞZbc_CdR{rdRgmnYys\^]jY]CYy[5]CY¯s/Yybc_CYymnbÄdRb5Yd^e"_CÑ5Y\^eÝdg]jY`aYb5È
_Cmndgb5Y¯ki {\^bEghE\ggYys/i_jÑ5YysCYÙ{n\gb5ghL\^gY¯s\^]jY\^{n{xÒE\Rs/Y¯ÔdRb
0Zw\gbEÛ_CÑ5Yyua[5]Cd£qzmiYim21>Yy]CYybR_3Y ói[5]jYysjs/mnqgYly\^[E\gÒ5mr{nmr_CmnYysy
kzd^eà_UÐW\^]jYZ\ggYbc_tsI\g]CY\^ÒE{rY"_Cda[5]jdil Y¯sCsN_CÑ5Y5mrRmì_t\^{ßl dRbR_jYbc_yo
\^bEÖl\gbÄ_CÑzhEsvd1>Yy]¨sCY]jqcml Y¯saÐÑ5mltÑê`a\ggYhEsCYd^edg]¨]CYÈ
_C]jmrYyqgY_jÑ5mscbEd£Ð{rY¯igYR WÑ5YT\giq£\gbR_t\^RYÓd^ehEsCmrb5ÖsCd^eà_/È
ÐI\g]CYW\^RYbc_jsl dR`aYyseÝ]jdg`_jÑ5Ymn])mrbc_j]CmnbEsCmnlWltÑE\g]j\Rl_CYy]Cms/_Cmlsd^e
\^hi_jdgb5dR`ugo>[5]jdR\Rl_CmnqgYyb5Yysjsyo>\gbEsCdzlmn\g{\gÒ5mn{rmr_Uu!ÐÑ5mltÑ[LYy]/È
`mr_Ù_CÑEY` _jd!l\^]j]ju!dghi_l dR`a[5{rYó_j\Rs/isdRb,Ò>YÑE\g{ìeWd^eI_CÑEY
hEs/Yy]js¸ÇÝ(dzdg{i]jmniRY¸ô gYyb5b5mnb5RsÔËy~R~3gÏ ØWÑ5msÛ[L\^[>Y]iY È
sCl]CmnÒLY¯s_CÑ5Y\g[5[5]jdR\RltÑÛÐIYIeÝdg{n{rd£ÐÄmrb_jÑ5YÃNsC[LYy]CdRbc_Cd[5]jd^ÆUYyl _
_Cd"_CÑ5YW]jY _j]CmnYq£\^{zdge>Ò>d^_jÑs/_j\^_CmlI\gbEiuzbE\^`amlIldgbc_CYybc_yog\gbE
Ð3Y[5]jYysCYbc_mr_mrb_jÑ5Yl dRbc_CY óz_dgedRb5YÙd^e_CÑEYÙ_CY¯sU_ly\gsCYysWÐIY
\^]jYhEsCmrb5¨_Cd¸[5]jd£qgYÙ_jÑ5YÛq£\g{rmimr_Uu¸dgeNdghE]"\g[5[5]jdR\gltÑ1Wsjl mnYb5È
_Cm24LlÙimsCld£qgY]jug
6(D.65!87Ù.xK5GN032iG:+KLBED4U2i.1B>25ÂK5.
WÑ5Y Ã3s/[>Y]jdgbc_Cd [5]CdgÆUYyl _ ÇÝ/k5IÈÍÉgÊgÊ5ËÈéÌgÎRÌz£Ì5o
www.esperonto.net
Ï ÇIYb£Æ/\g`mnbEs
â ã ä£ånæ
\RÏ
sU_t\^]C_CYy mnbOkzY[i_jY`ÛÒLYy] É^ÊRÊRÉ \^bE Yóz[E{rml mr_C{nu \gmr`s _jd
Ò5]CmiRYÛ_jÑ5Yvc\^[ÚÒLY_UÐ3YyYbÚ_jÑ5Y¨l hE]C]jYbc_ÐIYÒT\^bE,_jÑ5YÔkz
Íb¸dR]j5Y]_jd¨\gltÑ5mnYqRY"_CÑ5msRdR\^{|oEÃ3s/[>Y]jdgbc_Cda[5]jd£qzmn5YysI_CÑE]CYyY
`a\gmrb _Uuc[>Y9d^eØzb5d£Ð{nYyiRY sCY]jqzmnlYys_CÑE\^_&ÐIY iY¯sCl]CmnÒ>Y
ÒLYy{rd£ÐÙo¸]CYy{n\^_Cmnb57_jÑ5Y`%_jd7_jÑ5Y&Ã3s/[>Y]jdgbc_jd7\^]tltÑ5mì_jYyl _Ch5]jY
s/Ñ5d£ÐbÔmrb!mngh5]jYaË Ç×IYyb£Æ/\^`amnbEs
âãIä£ånæ ÒLÏ
9;:=<?>@A<?>CBD.B.EGFHBJIKEHFGEG>MLON@8PDQEHR@ANS ÞZb5Y!dgeZ_jÑ5Y!`\^mnb
ltÑE\^{n{rYyb5gY¯sÙ_jÑE\£_a]CY¯s/Y¯\^]tltÑÚmrb_CÑ5Y!kz ÑE\Rs_jdÓe×\Rl YÔmnsÛ_CÑEY
\®q®\gmr{\^ÒEmr{nmì_Uu,d^eZkz l dgbc_jYbc_y,ÍbØdg]tiY]_CdÓRY _Û_CÑ5ms_jYyltÑiÈ
b5dg{ndgRuh5[¨_CdÛsC[>YYyvmì_Imns3Yysjs/Yybc_Cm\^{5_jd`\^RYZ\®q£\^mn{\^Ò5{nYÐ3YyÒ
[E\^RYys)mnbvÐÑ5mltÑa_CÑ5Y"s/Yy`\^bc_CmlsNd^eß_CÑEY_CYóz_3mnbvbE\£_jh5]t\^{E{\^b5È
ghE\ggYmsÛiY4Eb5Y¯\^bLT`\giYÔY ói[5{nmnlmì_mrbÄ\!`\gltÑ5mnb5Y¨[E]CdgÈ
l Yysjsj\^Ò5{nYÙ{n\gb5ghL\^gYRWÑ5Y\^`adgh5bc_dgeYT1Vdg]C_Zmnbzqgdg{nqgY¯Ðmì_jÑ
Semantic routers Applications
visualisation service provider
routing agents
The Semantic Web NL Generation
ontology repository service
Content wrapping services Ontology
services
Sem ASP certificate workbench
maintenance
multilinguality
reengineering mapping
RDF OWL
XML DAML
multimedia data provider web
service provider
dynamic information provider
static information provider NL understanding
t a g g e r / w r a p p e r t a g g e r / w r a p p e r t a g g e r / w r a p p e r t a g g e r / w r a p p e r
portal agents
mrRh5]jYËgØWÑEY,RYb5Yy]j\g{Z\^]tltÑ5mr_CY¯l_ChE]CY,d^eÙ_CÑEY(Ã3s/[>Y]jdgbc_Cd
ÒLYymrb5ZiYqRY{ndg[>Yy"_Cd]CY¯ihEl Y_CÑ5Y3Ò5h5]tiYbÙdgeE\^b5b5dg_j\^_Cmnb5Ð3YyÒ
[E\^RYys3Ðmì_jÑsCY`\gbR_jmnl"mnbieÝdg]j`\£_jmrdRbx)WÑ5mnsWY1>dR]/_msWhEsChE\^{n{ru
]CYy{n\^_CYy_CdaÐ]Cmr_Cmnb5
ð>â
Ð3YyÒ¨[E\ggY¯sozÐÑ5dcs/Y"l dgbc_jYbc_Ims\^b5È
b5d^_t\£_CY¯aÐÑ5mn{rY_CÑ5YZ[E\^RYmnsNÐ]Cmr_/_jYbxÍb¨\R5imr_Cmndgbxoc`\^bzud^e
_CÑ5Y¯s/Y_jdzdg{seÝdil hLsNdRb5{rudgbî
ãÍä£ã|ñ×ò
l dgbc_jYbc_I\gbEidbEd^_3RmrqRY
\^bzu[E]Cd£qzms/mndgbÄeÝdg]Ô_CÑEY,\^bEb5d^_t\£_Cmndgbêdge
ðVä£ïñ×ò
ldgbc_CYybc_
gYbEY]t\£_CY¯¸eÝ]CdR` 5\£_t\^ÒE\Rs/Y¯soVÐÑ5mltÑÓ]jY[E]CY¯s/YybR_\¨ldgbEsCmn5Y]CÈ
\^Ò5{nY¨\^`adRh5bc_d^e_jÑ5Y¨]jY _j]CmnYqRYyÚl dRbR_jYbc_y,3h5_Û]jYys/_C]jmnl _Cmnb5
dgb5{nuØ_jdb5YyÐ ÐIYÒÕldgbc_CYybc_¨Ð3dRh5{Ö`Y¯\^bÕimsjl\^]timnb5Ú_CÑEY
l dgbc_jYbc_]CYy[5]CY¯s/Yybc_CYy¨mrb¸_jÑ5Yl h5]j]jYbc_Ð3YyÒx\^b¸h5b5[5]t\gl _Cml\g{
\^bE¸\^bc_CmrÈéYyl dRb5dg`aml\g{VltÑEdgml Yg
ÃNsC[LYy]CdRbR_jdI_C]jmrY¯sV_CdsCdg{nqgY_jÑ5msx[5]jdgÒ5{nY`&Òzu[5]jd£qzmn5mrb5\gb5b5dgÈ
_j\£_jmrdRb¨sCY]jqcml Y¯s_Cdl dRbR_jYbc_3[E]Cd£qzmiY]tsmnb_CÑEYeÝdR]C`:d^ex_jdzdg{s
\^bEÓ_CY¯ltÑ5b5mëRhEYys"_CÑL\£_ÙYbE\gÒ5{nYÛ_jÑ5Y` _Cd[5h5ÒE{rms/Ñ(_jÑ5Ymn]vÇÝYócÈ
mns/_Cmnb5Ù\^bEÛb5YyÐÏl dgbc_jYbc_)dgbÛ_CÑ5Ykzogmr]j]CY¯s/[>Yyl _CmnqgYWd^eL_CÑ5Yymr]
bE\£_jmrqRY3{\^b5RhE\^RYg1WÑEYWldgbc_CYybc_`\RiYI\®q£\gmr{\^Ò5{nYIÒcu_jÑ5Y\^b5È
b5d^_t\£_CmndgbÚsCY]jqcml Y¯smnshEs/Y¯ÚÒzu,sCd^eà_UÐW\^]jY\ggYbc_ts[5]Cd£qzmimnb5
_CÑ5YvsCYy\g]jltÑÚ\^bEÚ]jY _j]CmnYq£\g{s/Yy]Cqzml YysÙ5Yysjl ]jmrÒ>YyÚÒ>Y{nd£ÐÙo\gbE
l\^b!Ò>YhEsCYy!_Cde×\Rl mn{rmr_j\^_CYÑzh5`\^b,\gllYysjsW_Cdv_CÑ5YÛmrbieÝdR]C`\^È
_Cmndgb¨Òzu`aYy\gbEsId^e1qzms/hL\^{nmnsj\£_jmrdRb¨\^bEÔs/Yy`\^bc_CmlbL\®qcmnR\^_Cmndgb
_Cdzdg{s
f3dgbc_CYybR_v\®q£\^mn{\^Ò5mn{rmr_UusCY]jqzmnlYys\^]jY[5]jd£qcmiY¯ÒzuT_jÑ5Y,kiÃÈ
\^bc_CmlbEb5d^_t\£_CmndgbkiY]jqcml Y]jd£qcmiYy]aÇ|kzY`"k3ϨÇ×IYbiÈ
Æ/\^`amrbLs
âãZä^åræ
\RÏÐÑ5mnltÑ,ÑE\gsZ_UÐIdÔ`\gmrb(l dg`a[>dgb5Yybc_jsy_CÑEY
£ðEã £å
â
î
ñàã Øî
â
ñ×òjâ
oÐÑ5mltÑÖ[5]Cd£qzmiYys_jÑ5Y!dgbc_jdg{rÈ
dggu¸s/Yy]Cqzml Y¯siYysjl ]jmrÒ>YyÒ>Y{nd£ÐÙoL\gbE¸_CÑEY
äEâ î
â
ñ×òjâ
î
ÐÑ5mnltѨ[LYy]/eÝdR]C`:_CÑEY"\gb5b5d^_t\£_jmrdRbvd^e5m1VY]jYbc_I_Uuc[>Yys3d^el dgb5È
_CYbc_¯WÑ5Y!kzY`Zk mnbmr_js_jd^_t\^{nmì_UuT[5]jd£qzmn5Yys\,sCh5mr_CY¸d^e
_Cdzdg{s_jÑE\£_\^]jYÓ\^mn`aYyÕ\^_¸im21>Yy]CYybc_¨_Uuz[LY¯s¨dgehEsCY]tso\gbE
ÐÑ5mnltÑTmnbEl{rhE5Y¨`\^bzhE\g{3\^bEb5d^_t\£_CmndgbØ\gbEØsCY`amrÈé\ghi_CdR`a\^_Cml
\^b5b5dg_j\^_CmndgbØdge"imngmr_j\g{Wldgbc_CYybc_yoN`Ûh5{r_Cmn{rmnb5ghL\^{s/hE[5[LdR]/_mnb
_CÑ5Y`adRs/_vl dg`a`adgbÖÃhE]CdR[LY¯\^bØ{\^b5RhE\^RYysyoN\^bLdRbR_jdg{ndgRu
s/Yy]Cqzml YysyÔWÑEYÔkzY`"k7[>Y]j`amì_tshEs_CdÓ\gb5b5d^_t\£_jYvsU_t\£_Cml^o
\^bE5ucbL\^`amnl3l dRbR_jYbc_yo®`Ûh5{ì_jmr`aY¯imn\"l dRbc_CYbc_\^bEÙYyqgYybÐ3YyÒ
s/Yy]Cqzml Yysy
ldg`a[E\^]jms/dRbÕÐmì_jÑèdg_CÑ5Yy]!\^b5b5dg_j\^_CmndgbÕ_jYyltÑ5bEmnëch5Y¯sÔ[E]CYÈ
s/YybR_jYy mnb _jÑ5Y {nmì_jY]t\£_jh5]CY ly\^b Ò>YÅeÝdgh5bL mnb XZY{nmrqRY]CÈ
\^Ò5{nYZÉinËÇÃNsC[¨\RÏNid£Ðb5{ndR\gE\^Ò5{nYWeÝ]CdR`:_CÑ5YÃNsC[LYy]CdRbc_CdÙ[>dg]CÈ
_j\^{Ç
www.esperonto.net
Ï
<?>:=FG: L N@P DQEHR@ANS ÞZbc_Cdg{ndgRusCY]jqzmnlYysI\^]jY[5]jd£qzmn5Yy
Òcu_CÑEY
ðEã £å
â
î
ñàã Øî
â
ñ×òtâ
ldg`a[LdRb5Ybc_¸d^eÙ_CÑEY
kzY`ZkIWÑ5Y(s/Yy]Cqzml Y¯svd 1VY]jYy\^]jY!_CÑ5dcs/Y,]CYy{n\^_CY¯êÐmì_jÑ
_CÑ5Y&`\^bE\ggY`aYybR_ê\^bL q£\^{nmnE\£_Cmndgb d^eÓ`Ûh5{r_Cmn[5{rY ]jY{\£_jYy
dgbc_CdR{rdRgmnYys\gbE®dR]Ó`Ûh5{ì_jmr[E{rYqgY]tsCmrdRbEsdge_CÑ5YÖsC\g`aYdgb5È
_Cdg{ndgRug WÑEYu&mrbEl{rhLiY\^b dRbR_jdg{ndgRuÕYyimr_CdR]ÓsCh5mì_jYÇÝ(Y È
Ò>Þ"XZÃIÏÓÇ]j[ mn]CY"!
âãÔä£ånæ
Ï<ÐÑ5mltÑe×\Rl mn{rmr_j\^_CYys¸dRbR_jdg{ndgRu
l dgbLsU_j]ChEl _CmndgbxosCY{nYyl_jmrdRbxo)\^bEØÒ5]Cd£ÐsCmnb5Eo\^bE(_j]j\gbEsC{n\^_Cmndgb
mrbc_CdÔ_CÑEY`adcsU_l dR`a`dRbÓdRbR_jdg{ndgRu¸\gbEÓzb5d£Ð{nYy5gY]jY[E]CYÈ
s/YybR_t\£_jmrdRb!{n\gb5ghE\ggY¯ssChEltÑÓ\gsyoVXwçÙÞZUwoxÞÕwNoN]CdgÈ
{rdREoz\^bEvRYysjsyWÑEYZsCh5mì_jY"sCh5[5[>dg]C_jsIl dRbEsCmns/_CYybEl ultÑ5Y¯ltcmnb5Lo
dgbc_CdR{rdRguqgYy]jsCmndgb5mnb5Eoy\^bEdRbR_jdg{ndgRu`a\gmrbc_jYbE\gbEl YR1b5d£Ð{rÈ
YyiRYsCÑE\^]jmnb5¸\g`adgb5im21>Yy]CYybR_ÙhEsCY]Ùldg`a`h5bEmì_jmrY¯smnsÙ\g{nsCd
s/h5[E[LdR]/_jYyßoÒzuÄ`aYy\^bLs¨dgedgbc_CdR{rdRgumn`a[LdR]/_¯oZ\g{rmngb5Yy`aYbc_
\^bEÔ`\^[5[5mnb5sCY]jqcml Y¯s
]jYqzmnYÐdgbÛ_CÑ5Ys/_j\^_CYd^eL_CÑ5Y\g]/_)dge>dRbR_jdg{ndgRusCY]jqzmnlYysl\gb
ÒLYZeÝdgh5bL¨mnbÔXZY{nmrqRY]t\^Ò5{nYËgnËÛÇ×Ã3s/[ÔÒLÏIid£Ðb5{ndR\R5\^Ò5{nYeÝ]jdg`
www.esperonto.net
Q@ABJP)R B.< P @8>P EH@8D.B.F N@8P DQEGR@ANS kzY¯\^]tltÑ \gbE ]jY È
_C]jmnYq£\^{)sCY]jqcml Y¯sZ\g]CYÛ[5]jd£qcmiY¯!Òzu_CÑ5YvkzYy`a\gbc_CmlÛádRhi_CYy]jsyo
\a[>YY]CÈ|_Cd^Èé[>YY]`h5{r_CmrÈé\ggYybR_sCuisU_jY` _CÑE\^_ZiY¯\^{sÐmì_jÑ!hEsCY]
ëch5Y]jmnYysyWÑ5msl dg`a[>dgb5Yybc_msa]CY¯s/[>dgbLs/mnÒ5{nY¨eÝdR]aëch5Yy]CuØ5Y È
l dR`a[Ldcs/mr_CmndgbxoW\^bLs/ÐIY]jmrbEÚ\gbEÖ\^Rg]jYR\^_CmndgbxêXZh5]jmrb5Ú_jÑ5Y
[5]jdil YysjsÙdgeëch5Yy]Cu(\^Rg]jYR\^_CmndgbxoV_jÑ5Yv]jY _j]CmnYqRYy(Ð3YyÒT[E\^RYys
\^]jY\^{sCdYq£\^{nhE\^_CYyamnbdg]tiYy])_Cd\®qRdgmaih5[5{nmnly\£_jYdg]NmrbEldg`È
[5{nY _jYÛ5\^_j\¨\gbE_jd¨mn`[E]Cd£qRYÙ[LYy]/eÝdR]C`\^bLl YgZWÑ5YÛsCY`\^bc_jmnl
]jdghi_jY]tsN\^]jYÒE\Rs/Y¯dgbv_CÑ5Y"b5d^_jmrdRbvd^e1sCY`\gbR_jmnlmrbLiY óimnb5dge
_CÑEY]CY¯s/dRh5]tl YysyozÐÑ5Y]jY_CÑEYÐ3YyÒ[E\^RYys\^]jYmrbLiY óiYybEd^_dgb
_CÑEYÒE\gsCmsd^e_CÑEYgYyucÐIdg]t5sWmiYbc_jmìeÝuzmnb5_CÑEY`oLÒEhi_ZdRbÔ_jÑ5Y
ò£ðVòjâ >ã
îIldg]j]CY¯s/[>dgbLimrbEW_Cd_jÑ5YI`Y¯\^b5mnb5Zd^e5_jÑ5Y3RYuzÐIdg]t5s
WÑ5YvsCY`\^bc_jmnlmnbEiml Yys\^]jYÛ_jÑ5Y`aYyltÑE\gb5ms/`s"_CÑL\£_[>Y]j`mr_
_CÑEYÔ]jdghi_jmrbEÓd^e_CÑ5Y!ëch5Y]jmnYys_Cd_jÑ5Y!l dR`[>Y _jYbc_\^gYybc_Ûdgb
\ IÉ &ÒE\gsCms! sCmr`a[5{nYÔëch5Yy]Cu,mnsmrbEmì_jmn\g{r{nu,]jdgh5_CYy(_jdÓ\^b
\^RYbc_yoÐÑ5mltÑldgbEsCh5{r_js_CÑ5Y¸mrbLimnlYys_Cd,qgY]jmreÝu,ÐÑ5Y_CÑ5Yy]Ûmr_
l\gb(\gbEsCÐ3Yy]_jÑ5Yvëch5Y]jugÛée3_jÑ5Y\^gYybc_ly\^b5b5dg_\^bEsCÐ3Yy]_jÑ5Y
ëch5Y]jugozdR]Imremì_Ò>Y{nmrYyqgYys3_jÑE\£__jÑ5YÙ\^bEsCÐ3Yy]3msWmnbEl dR`[E{rY_CYgoimr_
]jdghi_jYys)_jÑ5YZëch5Yy]CuÛ_Cd_CÑ5Y"\^gYybc_NÐmì_jÑ_CÑEYZl {ndRsCYys/_Nmnbc_CY]jYys/_jsy
WÑ5Y¨5Yyl msCmrdRbØ\^Ò>dghi_ÐÑEmnltÑØ\ggYbc_ÑL\gs_jÑ5YÔl{rdcs/Y¯sU_mnbc_CY]CÈ
Yys/_jsms)ÒE\Rs/Y¯dRb_CÑ5YYyq®\g{rhL\£_Cmndgbd^eß\"`aYy\gsCh5]jY3dgeî
âïaä^ðEã|ñ×ò
î
ñàïÛñàånä
ñàã
ÒLY_UÐ3YyYb_jÑ5Y"ldgbElY[i_ts3ldg`a[>dRsCmrb5_CÑ5Y"mnbEiml Yysyo
ÐÑ5mltÑ_t\^RYysmrbc_jdÚ\Rlldgh5bc__CÑ5Ydgbc_jdg{ndggml\g{I5YT4Eb5mr_CmndgbÖdge
_CÑEYZl dRbEl Yy[i_jsmrb_jY]j`sd^exiYyg]jYYdgeßsCmn`mn{\^]jmì_Uua\^bE5Yg]jYY
d^eim21VY]jYbElYysÓÇWqgYy]jsCzuËy~zgJ/ádii] mnghEY!ô ÃRYb5Ñ5dgeÝY]
É^ÊRÊRÉRÏ
{nmr_CY]t\£_jh5]jY ]CYyqzmrYyÐ dgeÖ_CÑ5Y ]CYy{rYyq®\gbc_ YT1Vdg]C_js mrb _jÑ5Y
\^]jYy\ dge [LYyY]O_Cd [>YYy]HsCuisU_jY`sO\gbE%d^e mnbieÝdg]j`\£È
_Cmndgb]jY _j]CmnYq£\g{ms[5]jYysCYbc_CY¯ mrb _jÑ5YÃ3s/[>Y]jdgbc_jdÖXZY{nmnqgY]CÈ
\^ÒE{rYZÎEnËÛÇ×Ã3s/[ÔlyÏ3id£Ðb5{ndR\gE\^Ò5{nYeÝ]jdg`:_CÑ5YÃNsC[>Y]jdgbc_Cd[>dg]CÈ
_j\g{NÇ
www.esperonto.net
Ï
Bß4/.1032i4"BêJZ4/zBVG 3.xK
WÑ5Y_CYyltÑEb5dg{ndgRu[5]jdg[>dRsCYy mnb_CÑEYÃNsC[>Y]jdgbc_CdÕ\g]jltÑ5mr_CY¯lÈ
_ChE]CYÛÐmr{n{ÒLYaiY`adRbEsU_j]j\^_CY¯!mrb,\v[5]jd^_jd^_Uuz[LY_CÑE\^_\gmr`s_Cd
[5]jd£qzmniYsCY]jqzmnlYysW_jd¨ÃhE]CdR[LY¯\^b!l mr_Cm!YybEso>Y ói[5{ndg]jmnb5v\£__jÑ5Y
sj\^`aY_jmr`aYmrbEb5d£q£\£_CmnqgYÛhEsCYys"d^e3\®q£\gmr{\^Ò5{nYÛ\gbEbEd£qgY{_CY¯ltÑiÈ
b5dR{rdRgml\^{s/dR{rhi_jmrdRbEsy"ÞZb5Ydge_CÑ5Yaidg`\gmrbEsÐ3YÐmr{n{hEs/YÛ\gs
\Û_CY¯sU_ly\gsCY"ms"î
ò ñ×âðEã|ñ3ò ñî
ò â
£
WÑ5Y¸sjl mnYbc_jm4LlÔidg`\gmrbd 1VY]tsÛ\ÓÑchEgYÔ\g`adghi_ad^emnbieÝdg]CÈ
`\£_jmrdRbmrb[5]jmnbR_I\gs)ÐIY{n{L\Rs)mrbYy{rY¯l_j]CdRb5mnleÝdg]j`a\^_ypsChE\^{n{nugo
_CÑEmnsNmrbieÝdR]C`\^_Cmndgbmsdg]jR\gb5ms/Y¯Û\Rll dR]j5mrb5_jdÙ_CÑEYsU_j]ChLl_ChE]CY
iY4Eb5YyØÒcu(mnbEiml YysyoÑzuc[>Y]j{nmrb5isyoE\£_j\gÒE\gsCYvsjltÑ5Y`\gsyoY _jlg
Üd£ÐIYqRY]¯ogmr_Ims3d^el]ChElmn\g{Lmn`a[LdR]/_t\^bElY_jÑE\£_sClmrYybc_Cm24Ll5\^_j\
msÙb5d^_dRb5{nuÓsU_jdg]jYyÚl dR]C]jYyl _C{nugoxÒEhi_\^{s/d¸_jÑE\£_Ù_jÑ5Yvb5YyÐ mnbiÈ
eÝdg]j`\£_jmrdRbv]CYy{n\^_CY¯mrbÔÐI\®uis_CÑE\^_IÑE\®qRYb5dg_3Ò>YYyb¨Y ói[5{nml mr_C{nu
b5dg_CYyamsIsU_jdg]jYyßog_CÑzhEs3Yy\gsCmnb5_CÑ5YZ[5]jdzlYysjs)d^e1sjl mnYbc_jm4Llimns/È
l d£qRY]jug!dRs/_Nd^eV_jÑ5mnsNmrb5eÝdg]j`a\^_CmndgbmsNldgbc_j\gmrb5Y¯mrb_jY óz_ChL\^{
sCdgh5]tl Y¯sozs/hLltÑÔ\gsIÐ]jmì_C_CYybÔ]jY[>dg]C_jsyoRYÈ|`\gmr{V`aYysjsC\ggY¯soyÆUdgh5]CÈ
bE\g{E\^]C_Cml {nYysyo^Y _tl^)Y]jueÝYyÐÖYT1Vdg]C_js)ÑE\®qRY\^mn`Y¯Û_CdiYyqgY{ndg[
_CY¯ltÑ5b5mëch5Yysv_CÑE\^_Ôs/Y¯\^]tltÑê\^bEÄ`\^RYÓimsCld£qgY]jmnYysmrbÕ_CÑ5Y¯s/Y
l d£qgYy],bEYÐÙov\^bL [>d^_jYbc_Cm\^{n{ru `aYy\^bEmrb5geÝh5{]jY{\£_CmndgbLs,Ò>Y È
_UÐ3YyYb\RmrqRYbs/_j\^]C_Cmnb5ldgbElY[i_d^e5mnbR_jY]jYys/_\^bLÙd^_jÑ5Y]l dgb5È
l Y[5_jsyogÒzuÛ`aY¯\^bEs)dgeß`mnb5mnb5Ò5mnÒ5{nmrdRg]t\^[5ÑEmnlW5\^_j\^ÒL\gsCYys)sChEltÑ
\gs)!Y¯i{rmnb5YRWÑ5Y`\gmrba[5]jmrbLl mn[5{rYÒ>YÑEmrbEa{nmr_CY]t\£_jh5]jY ÈéÒE\gsCYy
imnsjl d£qRY]juÙmns_CÑE\^_3b5YyÐÖcbEd£Ð{rY¯igYl\gbÒLYZdgÒi_t\^mnb5Yya\Rs)_CÑEY
]CY¯s/h5{r_Ùd^e3_CÑ5Yvldg`ÒEmrbE\^_Cmndgb,d^eWY óimns/_Cmnb5Loß_CÑ5dRh5gÑ(b5dg_l dgb5È
b5Yyl _CYyxoRÒ5mnÒ5{nmrdRg]t\^[5ÑEmnlWmnbieÝdg]j`\£_jmrdRb]CY¯s/h5{r_jsNmrb¨b5YÐÖzb5d£Ð{rÈ
YyiRYg(ÞZb5Y¨[5h5Ò5{nmnly\£_jmrdRbØ`\®u(s/_j\^_CYv_jÑ5Y¨]jY{\£_jmrdRbEsCÑ5mr[TÒ>Y È
_UÐ3YyYb_UÐIdv[5Ñ5Yyb5dg`aYbL\v \gbE!"oLÐÑEmr{nYÛ\gb5d^_jÑ5Y]Z]CYy[LdR]/_ts
dgbÛ_CÑ5Y]jY{\£_jmrdRbEsCÑ5mr[Ò>Y _UÐIYYba_jÑ5Y[5Ñ5Yyb5dg`aYybE\Ù\gbEvfZgée
b5d\gsjsjl m\£_CmndgbaÑE\RsÒ>YYybv]CYy[LdR]/_jYyÒ>Y _UÐIYYbÔ\^bL¨fZoRsChEltÑ
\^bÛ\RsCsCdil m\£_jmrdRbl\^bÛÒLYldgbEsCmn5Y]jYyÙb5YyÐ\gbE`\®uÙÒ>Y3dge>sjl mrÈ
Ybc_Cm24LlÛmrbc_CYy]CY¯sU_¯WÑ5Yal ]jhEl m\^{b5dg_Cmndgb,mnsZ_CÑEmns"qzmrYyÐ msZ_CÑE\^_
_UÐ3dÙ[5mnYylYysNd^exmnbieÝdg]j`\£_Cmndgb\g]CYbEd^_NYóz[E{rml mr_C{nua]CYy{n\^_CYyxogÒ5hi_
_CÑ5Yy]CYms\Ñ5m5iYybT]CYy{n\^_Cmndgb(_CÑE\^_b5YY¯5sÙ_jd!ÒLYÔimnsjl d£qRY]jYy
\^bE`\RiYYóz[E{rml mr_y)psCY eÝhE{Vl{rhEYys3_Cdimnsjl d£qRY])_jÑ5Y"]CYy{n\^_Cmndgb
`mngÑc_)Ò>YIdRb5YWdg])`adg]jYWl dg`a`adgba\gsC[>Yyl_tsd^eL_CÑ5YW_UÐIdZ[EmrY¯l Yys
_CÑE\^_WYyqgYybR_jhE\^{n{nuv[5]jd£qcmiY"mrbLimr]jYyl _{rmnb5isy
WÑ5Yy]CYÕ\g]CYè\bzh5`Ò>Y]d^e!{rmr_CYy]j\^_Ch5]jY ÈéÒE\Rs/Y¯:5mnsjl d£qRY]ju
\^[5[5]jdR\RltÑ5YysÓÇkzÐW\^bEsCdgb Ëy~g~RÊ./"dg]tidgbô w1mrbL5sC\®u ˯ÊgÊgÊ /
,YyYÒ>Y]É^ÊRÊ5Ë¯Ï WÑ5YyuÕ`\^mnb5{ruèiYysjl ]jmrÒ>Y,_CÑ5YÚ{nmì_jY]t\£_ChE]CYÈ
ÒE\gsCYyÔimnsjl d£qRY]juÛ[E]Cdil Y¯sCsW\RsI\_UÐId^ÈÍsU_jY[Ô\g[5[5]jdR\RltÑxÍbÔ_CÑEY
4E]js/_Zs/_CYy[xoß\Ñzuc[>d^_jÑ5YysCmsmseÝdR]C`Ûh5{n\^_CY¯ßoLÐÑEmr{nYmnb_jÑ5YÛsCYyl È
dgbEÙs/_CYy[xo¯_CÑ5ms1Ñzuz[>d^_CÑEYysCmns1mnsq£\^{nmn5\^_CY¯dg]x_jYys/_CY¯ÙÒzuZYóc_jYbiÈ
s/mnqgYÒ5mnÒ5{nmrdRg]t\^[5ÑEmnly\^{5\^bL\^{nuzsCmsWÑ5YÑzuz[Ldg_CÑ5Y¯s/msUÈégYyb5Y]t\£_jYy
\^[5[5]jdR\RltÑvmsWhEs/hL\^{n{ruvbL\^`aYy¸\gs\gbÔdR[LYyb¸imsjl d£qgYy]Cua`adiiYgo
ÐÑ5Y]jYy\Rs(_CÑ5Y_CYys/_Cmnb5 \g[5[5]jdR\RltÑ:\Rs\7l{rdcs/Y¯:5mnsjl d£qRY]ju
`diiYRWÑ5YW`\^mnbaim1VY]jYbLl YIÒLY_UÐ3YyYbÛ_CÑ5YI_UÐIdZ\^[E[5]Cdc\gltÑ5Y¯s
l dgbLl Y]jbEs_jY óz_ChE\g{EsCdgh5]tl Y¯s_CÑE\^_3\^]jY\^bE\g{ruisCYyßÍb_CÑ5YdR[LYyb
s/Y¯\^]tltÑxoE_jÑ5Ya{rmr_CYy]j\^_Ch5]jYysZdgb(\
5âð£ïâð£ð
\^bE_CÑ5Y
åÀñàð
î
_CÑE\^_[E{n\®u\¸]jdg{nYÛmnbÓ_jÑ5Y[5Ñ5Yyb5dg`aYyb5dgb(\^]jYs/_ChE5mrY¯,mnb(dg]CÈ
iY]3_Cd 4EbE_jÑ5Y
â årâïâ ðLã
î"ÐÑ5mnltÑÔ\gl_WdgbÔs/Yy{rY¯l_CY¯v{nmrbEzsyÍb
_CÑ5Yvl{rdcs/Y¯,sCYy\g]jltÑxox_CY óz_jhE\^{NsCdghE]jlYysl dRbEl Yy]Cb5mnb5¸_CÑEY[5Ñ5Y È
b5dg`aYbEdgbÔ\gbE¨_CÑ5Y]jY{\£_CY¯¨Yy{rYy`aYbc_js\g]CYsU_jhEimnYyÔmrb¸dg]tiYy]
_Cd 4EbEÔ_CÑEYÙ{rmnb5is
!"$#&%(')*+-,.!0/1('2#3#
áYysCYy\g]jltÑdgbÓÑ5d£Ð _CdÔ[LYy]/eÝdR]C`sjl mnYbc_Cm24Ll5mnsjl d£qRY]ju¨mnb_CÑEY
ÃNsC[LYy]CdRbR_jd[5]jd^ÆUY¯l_Wmnss/_Cmn{n{x\£_\^b¸Yy\^]j{nuvsU_t\^gYRozÑ5d£Ð3YyqgYy]NÐIY
l\^b,`\^gYaÑ5Yy]CYasCdg`aYadgÒEsCY]jq£\£_CmndgbLsdRbÓ_jÑ5Y]CdR{rYÛ_CÑL\£_Ù_CÑEY
cbEd£Ð{rY¯igYsCY]jqcml Y¯s)[5]jd£qzmniY¯ÒzuÛ_CÑ5YZÃNsC[LYy]CdRbR_jdÙ\^]tltÑ5mì_jYyl È
_Ch5]jY[5{\®uÛmnb_jÑ5Y[5]jdil Y¯sCsNd^e1sjl mnYbc_Cm24Llimsjl d£qgYy]CuR1(YÑE\®qRY
l dgbLl Ybc_j]j\^_CYy¸dRh5]"\^_/_jYbc_Cmndgb!dRb!_CÑ5YaidR`a\gmrb!dgeNi]jh5¨imsUÈ
l d£qgYy]CuRo^\^bEmnba[E\^]C_Cml h5{\^]¯o^dgeVi]jh5cs)]CYy{n\^_CY¯_jd_CÑ5Ylh5]jYd^e
]CÑ5Yyh5`\£_jdgm\^]C_CÑ5]jmr_CmsIÇáZÏ gWÑ5YWsClmrYybc_Cm24LlWimnsjl d£qRY]juZ[E]CdgÈ
l Yysjs)Ðmn{r{>b5YyYya_jÑ5YeÝdR{r{nd£ÐmrbEl dR`[>dgbEYbc_jsy)f3dR]C[EhEs)]jY[>dRs/È
mì_jdg]jugoÞZbc_CdR{rdRgu!s/Yy]Cqzml Y¯so1kzYy`\^bc_Cmlab5b5dg_j\^_CmndgbxokiYy\^]tltÑ
\^bE¸áY _j]CmnYq£\g{
9;: P546KN P @24:=NE>: P L%S f3dR]C[EhEsW]CYy[Ldcs/mr_CdR]CumsW_jÑ5Yl dR`È
[LdRb5Ybc_N_jÑE\£_W`\^bE\ggY¯s_jY óz_ChE\g{L]jYysCdghE]jlYysy1é_W[5]Cd£qzmiYysN_CÑEY
_Uuc[Emnly\^{LeÝh5bEl_jmrdRbE\^{nmr_CmnYys3d^e\]CYy[Ldcs/mr_CdR]CuRoR\^bLv[>Y]CeÝdg`sN{nmn`ÛÈ
<?>:=FG: L N@P DQEHR@ANS
Imrd£qzmsU_t\ÚÇÝÐÑ5d!ms"_CÑ5Ya_jYys/_l\Rs/Y
[5]jd£qzmniYy]\^bEÔ_jÑ5YÙzb5d£Ð{rY¯igYYóz[>Y]C_eÝdR]W_CÑ5Y`aY¯imnly\^{15d^È
`\^mnbLÏZiYysCmrRb5YyÓ\¨ims/Y¯\gsCY ÈÍi]jh5^ÈÍ\^bE\^_CdR`ml\g{V{rdil\^_CmndgbdRbiÈ
_CdR{rdRguRoLÐÑ5mltÑ!eÝdil hLsCsCYy!dRbÓáoV\gbE_jÑE\£_iYysjl ]jmrÒ>Yy!_CÑ5ms
ims/Y¯\gsCYmnb_CYy]C`s3d^eß_CÑEYZ]jY{\£_jYyims/Y¯\gsCYys3\^bEa_jÑ5Ymn]Ws/uz`a[iÈ
_CdR`soz_jÑ5Yi]jh5RsI_jÑE\£_ly\^bÔ_C]jYy\£_mr_Ðmì_jѸ_CÑ5Yymr][5]jdg[>Y]C_CmnYysyo
\^bL_jÑ5Y\^bL\£_CdR`amnly\^{i[E\g]/_ÐÑ5mltÑl\gbÒ>Y\)1VYyl _CY¯ÛÒzu\Ùimns/È
Yy\Rs/YR¨WÑ5YvdRbc_Cdg{ndgRu!ÐI\RsÙdg]jmngmnbE\^{n{ru!Ð]jmr_/_CYybTmrb N]Cdg_CYygY È
É^ÊRÊgÊÄÇ×E]Cmi`\^bd£uVoW5Yy]CRY]ts/dRbxo3ô !hEsCYbÕÏa\^bEÄ{\£_jY]
mn`[>dg]C_CY¯êmnbê,YyÒ>Þ"XZà Òzu`aYy\gbEsvdgeÙ_CÑ5Y,mr`a[>dg]C_veÝh5bEl È
_CmndgbL\^{nmì_Uu[5]jd£qcmiY¯\gs[L\^]C_Nd^eß_jÑ5YdRbR_jdg{ndgRuÛsCY]jqcml Y¯sWÑ5Y
dgbc_jdg{ndgguÔ[5{\®uzsZ\¨lYbc_C]t\^{]CdR{rYÛmrb!_jÑ5YasClmrYybR_jm4>limsCld£qgYy]Cu
[5]jdil Yysjsyo^s/mnbEl YWmr_[LYy]C`amr_js_jÑ5Y\^b5bEd^_j\^_CmndgbÛd^eE_jÑ5Yl dR]C[EhEsmrb
_CÑEY]CYy[Ldcs/mr_CdR]CuRo5Ò5hi_"mì_"\^{s/dvsCh5[5[>dg]C_js_CÑ5Y\gbE\^{nuis/ms[5ÑL\gsCYgo
Òzu¨`aYy\gbEsWd^e_CÑEYÙY ói[5{nmnlmì_]jY[5]jYysCYbc_t\£_Cmndgb¸d^e_CÑEYÙ]CYy{n\^_CmndgbiÈ
sCÑ5mr[LsYózms/_Cmnb5¨Ò>Y _UÐIYYyb!_CÑ5Yl dRbEl Yy[i_jsZ]CYy[5]jYysCYbc_CY¯mrb!_jÑ5Y
dgbc_jdg{ndgguREh5]/_jÑ5Y]j`adg]jYgog_CÑ5Y"s/Yy`a\gbc_Cml]CdRhi_CYy]3ldg`a[LdRb5Ybc_
d^eL_CÑ5YÃ3s/[>Y]jdgbc_jdZ\^]tltÑ5mr_CY¯l_ChE]CYI`\^gY¯shEsCYIdgeE_jÑ5YWdgbc_CdR{rdRgu
_CdÔÒ5h5mn{n!_CÑ5Yas/Yy`\^bc_CmlÙmnbEiml Yys"\^bLl dR`[Ehi_CY_CÑ5Ys/Yy`a\gbiÈ
_CmlÙsCmr`amn{n\g]Cmr_UuÒLY_UÐ3YyYbÔ_CÑ5YÙmnbc_CYy]CY¯sU_tsWd^e1_jÑ5YÙ\^RYbc_jsWmnb¨_jÑ5Y
\^]tltÑ5mr_CY¯l_ChE]CYR
WÑ5YdRbR_jdg{ndgRus/Yy]Cqzml Y¯s`hEs/_3sCh5[5[>dg]C_)_CÑ5Yl]CY¯\£_jmrdRbxo^`\^mnbiÈ
_CYybE\^bLl YgoÔ\^bE:Ò5]jd£Ðs/mnb5&d^e¸_CÑ5Ydgbc_CdR{rdRgu Ç×\gbE:mì_tsØmnbiÈ
s/_j\^bLl YystÏ\^bEÛ`hEs/_)\^{s/d"YbEsCh5]jYI\Z]jYyëch5mn]CY¯iYR]CYyY3dgeLëchE\^{rÈ
mr_Uug
Q@ B.<?>EGR <K< : >B.>EG:=<S WÑ5YÚki l dg`a[>dgb5Yybc_Ô[5]jd^È
qzmn5YyshEsCY]ts"Ðmì_jÑ(Ò>d^_jÑÚ`a\gbzhE\^{)\^bL,sCY`amrÈé\ghi_CdR`a\^_CmlÛ\gbiÈ
b5dg_j\£_jmrdRbÕs/Yy]Cqzml Y¯s&é_¨ms¨\^ÒE{rY!_jdØmiYbc_CmreÝu_CÑ5YÓ_CY]j`svdge
mnbR_jY]jYys/_\gbET]jY{\£_CYv_CÑ5Yy` _Cd_jÑ5Y¨dRbc_Cdg{ndgRuÓÒzuÚ`aYy\^bLsdge
l dR]C]jYyl _I]jY{\£_jmrdRbEsCÑ5mr[Lss/hEltÑ\gssCuzb5dgbzuz`udR][E\^]C_CdRb5dg`Ûug
Q@ABJP)R B.< P)@8>P)EH@D.B F,S WÑ5ms ldg`a[>dgb5YybR_ [5]jd^È
qzmn5Yys_CÑ5Yè[5]CdRÒ5{nY`ÈésCdg{nqzmrbE eÝh5bEl_jmrdRbE\^{nmr_CmnYys_Cd:s/h5[E[LdR]/_
{nmì_jY]t\£_ChE]CYÈ|ÒE\Rs/Y¯êsClmrYybc_Cm24LlÓimsjl d£qgYy]CuR WÐId`\^mnbêeÝh5bEl È
_CmndgbL\^{nmì_jmrY¯s\^]jYÕsCh5[5[>dg]C_CYyx ëch5Y]ju Yói[E\^bEsCmndgbÅ\^bE:_jÑ5Y
[5]jd£qzmnsCmrdRb,dge`h5{r_Cmn[5{nY Èé{rmnb5(Y ói[5{\^bE\^_CmndgbEsy!WÑ5Y¨sCY`\^bc_jmnl
]jdghi_jY]¨ldg`a[LdRb5Ybc_¯oI]jYysC[>dgbEsCmrÒE{rY!eÝdR]_CÑEYÓs/Y¯\^]tltÑê\^bEÄ]jY È
_C]jmnYq£\^{zeÝh5bLl_CmndgbL\^{nmì_jmrY¯soRmrbc_CYy]j\Rl_tsÐmì_jÑÛ_jÑ5YhEsCY]ts\^bEÐmr_CÑ
_CÑEYZdRbR_jdg{ndgRu]jY[>dRsCmì_jdg]ju¸ÇÝ_CdÒEh5mr{vmr_jsImnbEiml Y¯s3\gbEa_Cd 4EbE
]jY{\£_CY¯!l dRbEl Yy[i_jstÏZh5Yy]Cu¸Y ói[E\gbEsCmrdRbEs\^]jY[>Y]CeÝdg]j`aYyÒzu
`aY]jgmnb5_jÑ5Y]jY{nYq£\^bc_"dgbc_CdR{rdRgu¨Ðmr_CÑÓd^_CÑEY]"Y óimns/_Cmnb5_t\£ózÈ
dgbEdg`amrY¯sosChEltÑê\gsÔpwkÖ\^bE hEÒE!Yyx h5{ì_jmr[E{rYÈ|{nmrbE
Y ói[5{\^bL\£_CmndgbLsms)_CÑEYZ\^ÒEmr{nmì_Uu_jds/hE[5[LdR]/_W\ÙhEsCY]IëRhEY]juÛÐmr_CÑ
_CÑEY]CYy{rYyq£\^bc_15\£_t\WmrbÙdRb5Y)dg]1`dR]CYs/_CYy[EsyoeÝ]jdg`èmrb5mr_Cm\^{cëch5Y]ju
eÝdg]j`hE{n\^_Cmndgbxoßid£ÐbÓ_Cd¸_CÑ5Y]jYysCdgh5]tl Y¯s[5]jd£qzmn5mrb5¨_CÑ5Y 4EbL\^{
5\^_j\5
WÑ5Ys/Yy`a\gbc_Cml3]jdgh5_CY])ldg`a[LdRb5Ybc_)ms\^{s/d"[5]jd£qzmniY¯Ðmr_CÑ
mnbieÝY]jYbElYly\^[E\gÒ5mn{rmr_CmnYysZmrb,dg]tiY]Z_Cd\£_C_CYy`[5_"_jÑ5YÛeÝdg]j`h5{\£È
_CmndgbTdgeÑzuc[>d^_jÑ5YysCYys]CYy{n\^_CYy(_jd!_CÑEY¨hEsCY]ëch5Yy]CuRÍb5mì_t\^{n{ruRo
ÐIYIÐmn{n{5l dgbLl Ybc_j]j\^_CYIdgbal\^bLimnE\£_CYi]jh5cs1eÝdR]ims/Y¯\gsCYysyo£Ò5hi_
ÐIYZ\^mn`9_CdÛgYyb5Y]t\^{nmnsCY_jÑ5YZ`aY_CÑ5dieÝdR]I\g{r{>zmrbLvd^e1ëch5Yy]CmnYysy
WÑ5Ys/Yy`\^bc_Cml]jdghi_jY]3]CY¯\gsCdgbEsNÐmì_jÑv_CÑEYZzb5d£Ð{nYyiRY]jY[5]jY È
sCYbc_CY¯vmnbv_CÑEYZdRbR_jdg{ndgRuÛmnb¨dR]jiYy]N_jdÛ`\ggYYói[5{rml mr_WÑ5mnEiYb
{nmrb5isWÒ>Y _UÐIYYybldgbElY[i_ts
GN0Bß-CÂz4UG30
,YÑL\®qgY[5]jYysCYbc_CY¯mrb_jÑ5mns1[E\^[>Y]s/dR`YNmrb5mr_Cm\^{RY ói[>Y]jmrYybEl Y¯s
dgb,sjl mnYbc_jm4Llaimsjl d£qgYy]Cu¸mnbÓ_jÑ5Yl dgbc_jY óz_Ùd^eN_jÑ5YÃNsC[LYy]CdRbc_Cd
[5]CdgÆUYyl _y3Ã3s/[>Y]jdgbc_jda\gmr`s_Cd[5]jd£qzmniYÙzb5d£Ð{nYy5gYÙs/Yy]Cqzml Y¯s
_CÑE\^_¨l\^bÖ`\^RYmì_¨[>dRsjsCmrÒ5{nY_CdTÒE]CmigY¸_jÑ5YR\g[Ò>Y _UÐIYYyb
_CÑ5Ylh5]C]jYbc_ÐIYÒ!\^bL¨_jÑ5YsCY`\^bc_jmnlÐIYÒxÞZb5YÙd^e_jÑ5Y\^[5È
[5{rml\^_CmndgbEsÐ3YÔÑE\®qgYÔl dgbLs/miY]jYy(_jdÓ[5]jd£qgYv_CÑ5YÔq®\g{rmimr_UuÚd^e
_CÑ5Y_Cdzdg{sNÐIY\^]jYl h5]j]jYbc_C{nuaÒ5h5mn{nimnb5Ûmns3_CÑL\£_Wd^ex{nmì_jY]t\£_ChE]CYÈ
ÒE\gsCYy¸sClmrYybc_Cm24Llimnsjl d£qRY]jug
B 0G-U.JM.18:.1032
WÑ5Ya]CY¯s/Y¯\^]tltÑ,iY¯sCl]CmnÒLY¯(mrb(_CÑEmnsÙ[L\^[>Y]ms"eÝh5bEiY¯ÚÒzu_CÑEY
/kiO[E]CdgÆUYyl_Ã3s/[>Y]jdgbc_jdE WÑ5YèÃNsC[LYy]CdRbR_jdl dgbLs/dR]/_jmrh5`
mnsldg`a[Ldcs/Y¯ÒzuV!màkEÞÙfÞ Ç|kz[E\^mnbLÏ oWpb5mnqgY]tsCmn5\RdR{rmr_jl È
b5mnly\iY\Ri]jmnÚÇki[E\^mnbLÏoVpbEmrqRY]ts/mr_Uu¨dgeÍbEbEs/ÒE]ChElt(Ç×hEsUÈ
_C]t\RÏopbEmrqRY]ts/mr_UuÓdgeZki\g\g]C{\^bEÄÇ"Yy]C`\gbcu5Ï opb5mnqgY]tsCmì_Uu,d^e
wxmnqgY]j[>dcdR{ÛÇpÏoEh5bE5\Rl mnbèáY¯s/miYybEl m\5Y(Ã3sU_jhEim\^bc_CY¯s
Çkz[E\gmrb>ÏoNf3UXZÃ3 Çki[E\^mnbLÏoImnd£qzmns/_j\TÇ"]CYyYyl Y®ÏÓWÑEYÔ\^h5È
_CÑ5dR]js)ÐIdghE{na{nmrRY_Cd_CÑE\gb5\^{n{E`aY`ÛÒLYy]jsNd^eV_CÑ5Y"ÃNsC[LYy]CdRbc_Cd
l dgbLs/dR]/_jmrh5`
Ö.t.xK5.10ZBV.1
]j[ mn]CY"!goZL/af3dg]tltÑ5dLo"ÞÛ2/5Yy]Cb
\gbEiY"! ÈÍw
dg[>Y!RoT/Û\gbE
dg`aY!È
Y]jY!RroÉgÊgÊEËg(,YyÒLdiiYR¸ sCly\^{\^Ò5{nY¨ÐIdg]jcÈ
ÒLYybEltÑ,eÝdg]dgbc_CdR{rdRgml\g{Yyb5gmnb5YYy]Cmnb5LÙÍb
yò¯æ aã5â
^3fIÈUkzmng`adiß
IYb£Æ/\g`mnbEsyogÛ2/5f3dgbc_C]jY]t\gsyo£E/5f3dg]tltÑ5dEoRÞÛ/R\gbE "dg`aY!È
Y]jY!Ro>ÛÉ^ÊRÊRÉikzmróÓltÑE\^{n{rYyb5gY¯seÝdR]_jÑ5Ys/Yy`\^bc_CmlÐIYÒx
Íb
¯òyæ ÙãEâ"!$#
%'&
â ïä£ðLãñ×ò(â*) î
IYb£Æ/\g`mnbEsyoÛ2/ f3dRbc_C]jY]t\gsyoÕE/ "dg`aY"! È Y]jY!goÕ2/
ps!Rdg]jYmr_yoaÜ/XY¯l {nY]tlt>o/5YybEs/Yy{ovXÛ/Xmnb5Eo,+2/
,dzdR{ni]jmigYRoT2/Ù\gbEê\g`a`a\Eo ÉgÊgÊRÌ5ÃNsC[LYy]CdRbc_Cd
\^[5[E{rml\^_Cmndgbx)kzY]jqzmnlY[5]jd£qzmnsCmndgbd^es/Yy`a\gbc_Cml\^bEb5d^_t\£_Cmndgb1o
\^Rg]jYR\^_CmndgbxomrbE5Y óimrbEEoÙ\^bE&]jdghi_jmrbEdgeÛ_jY óz_ChE\g{o`Ûh5{ìÈ
_Cmn`aYyim\ê\^bE&`Ûh5{ì_jmr{nmnb5ghE\g{ÙÐ3YyÒl dgbc_jYbc_yÍb-
¯ò¯æ
(,.
0/
&
.1#
%2g
WÑ5Y XZá ß \^gYybc_ `\g]Czh5[ {n\gb5ghL\^gYR
http://www.daml.org/
iYa\gi]jmßoßp É^ÊgÊRÌ5XYy{rmnqgYy]j\gÒ5{nY¨ËgnËgkz_j\£_jYÛdge_CÑEY
\^]C_dgb¸dgbc_CdR{rdRgmnYysy
http://www.esperonto.net
XY¯ltgYy]yo1kV/Y{nb5mrVokß2/q£\^b,ÜZ\^]j`aY{nYbxo1I/EYbEsCY{|o1XÛ2/
{rYymrb1o®Ø2/gI]jdzYisU_j]j\Eo¯L/^Ã]ti`\^b5bxo£T/g\gbEÜdR]C]jdiltisno
(ÉgÊgÊgÊEWÑ5YÔsCY`\gbR_jmnl¨Ð3YyÒxWÑ5Y¨]jdg{nYysd^e 0"w\gbE
áX"3
.4353536.ðEãÍâ
ð>âã
£ï 87iã|ñàð
Î>ÇH3RÏ}gÌ:9E®ÎL
5YybEs/Yy{oXÛ/"ÜYbEi{nY]¯oE/Zw1mrYyÒLYy]C`\gbxoÜ/Z\gbEÇ×Ã35sÏo
®ro^Y¯5syiÉgÊgÊRÌ5&
>ñàðLðEñàð ÙãEâ
&
âïä£ðEã|ñ×ò;(!â*)=<?>
ñàð
ñàð ãEâ( å (¸ñ
â@(â*)ã Úñàã
î
A7iåàå ^ãéâðEã|ñ×ä£å
&!U
]jYysjsoiIdRs/_CdRbx
5]jmn5`a\gb'd£uVoB2/z5Yy]CRY]ts/dRbxogáÙ/z\^bE!hLs/YybxoRTxÉgÊgÊgÊE
WÑ5Y"cbEd£Ð{rY¯igYZ`diiYy{ßd^e1[E]Cdg_CYRY ÈUÉ^ÊRÊgÊ5f3dR`Ò5mnb5mnb5mrbiÈ
_CYy]CdR[LYy]j\gÒ5mr{nmr_Uu"\gbE"CEYózmnÒ5mn{rmr_UugcÍb,
yòtâtâ
ñàð î 3D
(E#
o1Ë®*9zÌcÉiIYy]C{nmrb1Nkz[5]jmrb5RY]W)Y]j{\^E
5mnsjl d£qRY]juÒzu"{nY óiml\g{cs/_j\^_CmsU_jmnlys
%7
ð>ä^å Nã5â
ïaâ
ñ×òtä£ð
&
yòñ×âã
.ð=
ïaä^ãñ^ð
&
ò ñ×âð>òtâ
3gÊ53R£Î 9J3gõci
UsCdil dLÛÉ^ÊRÊgÌ5XZY{nmnqgY]t\^ÒE{rYÉinËgkc_j\^_CYad^e3_CÑ5Y\^]C_dgb,\gbiÈ
bEd^_j\^_Cmndgbx
http://www.esperonto.net
Ó\^Yysyo Ëy~R~^ÎEßgYbc_ts_jÑE\£_W]CY¯ihElYÐIdg]j\gbEvmnbieÝdg]j`\£È
_jmrdRbvd£qgYy]C{ndR\Rß
^ïÛï 7iðEñ×òtä^ãñ^ð
î
ã5â
/ ÌLÇ×ÌcgÏÌ5Ë 9
ÎcÊ5
dgeÔwxmnqgYy]C[>dzdg{|oÛp#É^ÊRÊgÌ5QXZY{nmrqRY]t\^Ò5{nYÎLrËR kc_t\£_CYÖdge
_jÑ5YØ\^]C_dgb[>YYy]!_Cd[LYyY]¯o\^bE mnbieÝdg]j`\£_jmrdRbè]jY _j]CmnYq£\^{|
http://www.esperonto.net
ÕÌzf Ð3YyÒiÈ|dRbc_Cdg{ndgRu ÐIdg]jcmnb5 R]CdRh5[x
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/
ádz5] mngh5Y"!gozTnoz\gbE¨ÃNgYyb5Ñ5d^eÝYy]yozTÉ^ÊgÊcÉixXZY _jY]j`mnb5mnb5
sCY`\gbR_jmnlIsCmr`amn{n\g]Cmr_Uu\^`adgbEZYybR_jmì_UuÛl {\gsjs/Y¯s1eÝ]jdg`75m1VY]jYbc_
dRbc_Cdg{ndgRmrY¯s
. 35353 ã ä^ð
î
ägòãñ^ð
î
^ð ^ðWårâ
Râä^ð
ä£ãÍä
âð gñàð>âtâ
ñàð
kz_ChEiYy]yoáÙ/IYb£Æ/\g`amrbEsyo/!\^bE:5YybEsCY{|ovXíËy~g~Rõ5
bEd£Ð{rY¯igYYyb5gmnb5YYy]Cmnb5Log[5]jmrbLl mn[5{rY¯sN\gbE`aY _jÑ5di5s
ä£ãÍä
ä^ð
ð Wårâ
câ 3Ið gñàð>âtâ
ñàð
É35Ç/Ë ÈUÉgÏnËy}EË 9VËy~ci
kiÐI\gbEs/dRbxo1XÛ,˯~g~RÊ5!Yy5mnly\^{N{nmr_CY]t\£_jh5]jYa\Rs\[>d^_CYybc_Cm\^{
sCdghE]jlYÛdgeIb5YyÐ zb5d£Ð{nYy5gYg
> 7iåàåræ / â
ñ×òtä^åñ) æ îjî
¯òyæ
^õEÇ/˯ÏÉ^~ 9zÌzz
WqRY]ts/zuRo^Ëy~cRz5EYy\£_jh5]jYys)dgeVsCmr`amn{n\g]Cmr_Uug 3î
ò £å ^ñ×òtä^å
!Zâ
ñ×â
õgÎLÇÝÎzÏÌRÉc=9zÌz^É5
(YYyÒLYy]yo!T É^ÊRÊ5ËR
ñàãÍâ
ä£ã7 â )jä î â
ñî ò
â
ñàð
>ñ£ïâ
ñ×òñàð>â
NÑxXIXmsCsCY]C_j\^_CmndgbxoWXZmnsjs/Yy]/_t\£_jmrdRbÄámÆUcÈ
sCh5b5mnqgYy]jsCmr_CYmr_ "]CdRb5mnb5gYybx
(dzdg{i]jmniRYgoTnoN\gbERYb5bEmrb5cso êËy~R~35,Íbc_CYy{r{nmngYbc_
\ggYybR_tsZWÑ5YdR]Cu\gbEÓ[E]j\Rl_Cml YR
Ûð Iånâ
Râ¸âð gñàð>âtâ
ñàð
â
ñ×â
ËyÊLÇÉRÏnËgË3:9>Ë 3gÉi