Global Vision, Local Insight

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Connecting for Health

Global Vision, Local Insight

Report for the World Summit on the Information Society Country Profiles 2006

ISBN 92 4 159460 8

Con ne cting for H ea lth : Cou nt ry P rofile s 2006

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Offices of the World Health Organization

Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland

WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

WHO Regional Office for the Americas/Pan American Sanitary Bureau Washington, DC, USA

WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi, India

WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, Denmark

WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Cairo, Egypt

WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila, Philippines

International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France

European Commission

Directorate General

Information Society and Media Brussels, Belgium

Cover image

Base image: Hand-drawn street map of Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, used for recording cases and contacts to respond to an outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, 1996.

Source: Department of Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases Annual Report, 1996. WHO, Geneva, 1996.

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Connecting for Health

Global Vision, Local Insight

Report for the World Summit on the Information Society

Country Profiles 2006

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Dzenowagis, Joan.

Connecting for health : global vision, local insight : country profiles / authors: Joan Dzenowagis, Gael Kernen.

1.Public health. 2.Communication. 3.Informatics. 4.Information management. 5.Knowledge. I.Kernen, Gael. II.World Health Organization.

ISBN 92 4 159460 8 (LC/NLM classification: Z699.5.M39)

ISBN 978 92 4 159460 8

© World Health Organization 2006

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int).

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.

Design: Langfeldesigns Printed in Switzerland.

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Measuring eHealth

T agencies measuring demographics, health and ICT. The aim is to provide an overview of the diverse regional pictures and highlight opportunities for

Introduction to Country Profiles

C onnecting for Health: Global Vision, Local Insight in its first volume highlighted shared global chal- lenges and regional priorities in promoting the development and growth of eHealth. In this com- panion volume the focus is on countries, where profiles of each Member State of the World Health Organization (WHO) bring together statistics on health, demographics and information and communication technologies (ICT) to provide a context in which investment in ICT for health can be better understood by all stakeholders. In particular they provide policy makers and researchers with a basis for action and future research and serve as a foundation for building the evidence base on ICT and health in countries.

◆ ICT statistics

The data used in the country profiles have been selected based on their reliability, comparability and ease of use for analysis across countries and regions. As noted in the previous volume, the potential selection of indica- tors is enormous, with little except experimentation to guide the researcher to a meaningful and manageable set. While various indices attempt to capture emerging trends, their utility – particularly over time – is often limited by factors including specificity, time frame, completeness or collection strategy. Many of the economic and social statistics that are needed to help interpret the impact of the information society, as well as the tech- niques used to analyse them, are also lacking.

Then too, innovation and evolution in the ICT sector shorten the useful lifespan of many of the established indicators, creating the need for regular revision of indicators and the development of new ones. The Partner- ship on Measuring ICT for Development (http://measuring-ict.unctad.org) identified the need for internation- ally-agreed measurement standards and undertook to map and evaluate the existing indicators at country level.

Considerable work has been done over the past 2 years to establish a list of core ICT indicators. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has established an ICT diffusion index, which is used in this report. ICT development is based on connectivity, access and policy which is used to formulate an index of ICT diffusion; a comparison by WHO region can be found in this section. For more detail on the components, see: The digital divide: ICT development indices 2004. Geneva, UNCTAD, 2004.

Index of ICT diffusion

Connectivity Physical infrastructure available to a country: per capita Internet hosts, PCs, telephone mainlines and mobile phones

Excludes electricity, broadband, and affordability measures

Access Number of Internet users, adult literacy rate, cost of a local call, and GDP per capita Policy Comprises presence of Internet exchanges, competition in the local loop/domestic

long distance and competition in the Internet service provider market

◆ Health statistics

The World Health Organization collects and summarizes a wide range of quantitative data through coun- try and regional offices and headquarters departments. The indicators included in this volume are demograph- ic and health indicators found in WHO’s World Health Statistics, selected because of their potential utility to researchers interested in characterizing countries and examining the relationship of ICT to health.

The ‘Causes of death’ charts in each profile were compiled from health statistics reported in The world health report 2004. Geneva, WHO, 2004.

More detailed information on the health indicators (standardized descriptions, definitions, data source, method of estimation, disaggregation, references to literature and databases) can be found in:

World Health Statistics 2005. Geneva, WHO, 2005. See also the WHO database of health statistics, a

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estimates from 1990 and, when available, metadata describing more detailed aspects of data sources and methods of estimation: www.who.int/healthinfo.

◆ Sources and notes

The data used in creating country profiles come from a wide range of published sources, all of which are

publicly available online. Sources are noted on the individual country profiles and a complete list of sources and

explanatory notes can be found at the end of this volume.

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mortality stratum Description Broad grouping Member States Africa

Afr-D

Africa with high child and high adult mortality

High-mortality developing

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Togo

Afr-E

Africa with high child and very high adult mortality

High-mortality developing

Botswana, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Americas

Amr-A

Americas with very

low child and very low adult mortality

Developed Canada, Cuba, United States of America

Amr-B

Americas with low child and low adult mortality

Low-mortality developing

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Amr-D

Americas with high child and high adult mortality

High-mortality developing

Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Peru

South-East Asia

Sear-B

South-East Asia with low child and low adult mortality

Low-mortality developing

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand

Sear-D

South-East Asia with high child and high adult mortality

High-mortality developing

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Timor-Leste

Europe

Eur-A

Europe with very

low child and very low adult mortality

Developed Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy,

Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Eur-B

Europe with low child and low adult mortality

Developed Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Eur-C

Europe with low child and high adult mortality

Developed Belarus, Estonia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova,

Russian Federation, Ukraine

Eastern Mediterranean

Emr-B

Eastern Mediterranean with low child and low adult mortality

Low-mortality developing

Bahrain, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates

Emr-D

Eastern Mediterranean with high child and high adult mortality

High-mortality developing

Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt,

^a

Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen

Western Pacific

Wpr-A

Western Pacific with very low child and very low adult mortality

Developed Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore

Wpr-B

Western Pacific with low child and low adult mortality

Low-mortality developing

Cambodia,

^b

China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic,

^b

Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea,

^b

Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam

a

Following improvements in child mortality over recent years, Egypt meets criteria for inclusion in subregion Emr-B with low child and low adult mortality. Egypt has been included in Emr-D for the presentation of subregional totals for mortality and burden to ensure comparability with previous editions of The World Health Report and other WHO publications.

b

Although Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Papua New Guinea meet criteria for high child mortality, they have been included in

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WHO Regions

◆ WHO African Region

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde

Central African Republic Chad

Comoros Congo Côte d’Ivoire

Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya

Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia

Niger Nigeria Rwanda

Sao Tome and Principe Senegal

Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Swaziland Togo Uganda

United Republic of Tanzania Zambia

Zimbabwe

◆ WHO Region of the Americas

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina

Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba

Dominica

Dominican Republic Ecuador

El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua

Panama Paraguay Peru

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname

Trinidad and Tobago United States of America Uruguay

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

◆ WHO South-East Asia Region

Bangladesh Bhutan

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

India Indonesia

Maldives

Myanmar

Nepal

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Timor-Leste

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Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria

Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany

Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal

Republic of Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation San Marino Serbia*

Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine

United Kingdom Uzbekistan

◆ WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Afghanistan Bahrain Djibouti Egypt

Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait Lebanon

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco

Oman Pakistan Qatar

Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan

Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia

United Arab Emirates Yemen

◆ WHO Western Pacific Region

Australia

Brunei Darussalam Cambodia

China Cook Islands Fiji

Japan Kiribati

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Malaysia Marshall Islands

Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia

Nauru New Zealand Niue

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa

Singapore Solomon Islands Tonga

Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

*Data collected prior to May 2006; includes both Serbia and Montenegro.

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ICT diffusion, Africa

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Algeria Angola Benin

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Cape Verde Chad

Comoros Equatorial Guinea

Gabon Gambia

Ghana

Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia

Madagascar Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius Niger Nigeria Sao Tome and Principe

Senegal Seychelles

Sierra Leone Togo

Botswana Burundi Central African Republic Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo

Eritrea Ethiopia

Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mozambique

Namibia Rwanda

South Africa Swaziland Uganda

United Republic of Tanzania

Zambia Zimbabwe

Data not available Data not available

Data not available Data not available Data not available

Data not available

Source: The digital divide: ICT development indices 2004. Geneva, UNCTAD, 2004.

ICT Diffusion by WHO Region

ICT diffusion, Americas

Canada Cuba

United States of America Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina Bahamas

Barbados Belize

Brazil

Chile Colombia

Costa Rica Dominica

Dominican Republic El Salvador

Grenada

Guyana Honduras

Jamaica

Mexico Panama

Paraguay

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Bolivia

Ecuador

Guatemala Haiti Nicaragua

Data not available Data not available Data not available Data not available

Peru

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

ICT diffusion, South-East Asia

Bangladesh Bhutan Democratic People's Republic of Korea

India

Maldives Myanmar

Nepal Timor-Leste

Indonesia Sri Lanka Thailand

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

0.00

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0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Andorra

Austria Belgium Croatia

Cyprus Czech Republic

Denmark Finland France

Germany Greece

Iceland Ireland Israel Italy

Luxembourg Malta

Netherlands Norway Portugal

Spain

Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Albania Armenia

Azerbaijan Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria Georgia Kyrgyzstan

Poland Romania Serbia and Montenegro

Slovakia Tajikistan

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Turkey Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Belarus

Estonia Hungary Kazakhstan

Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova

Russian Federation Ukraine Monaco San Marino

Data not available Data not available Data not available

Slovenia

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Bahrain Iran (Islamic Republic of) Jordan

Kuwait Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Oman

Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia

United Arab Emirates Afghanistan

Djibouti

Egypt Iraq

Morocco

Pakistan Somalia

Sudan Yemen

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

ICT diffusion, Western Pacific

Cambodia China Cook Islands

Fiji Kiribati

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Malaysia Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of)

Mongolia Nauru Niue Palau

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

Republic of Korea Samoa Solomon Islands

Tonga Tuvalu

Data not available Data not available Data not available Data not available Data not available Data not available Data not available Vanuatu

Viet Nam

Australia Brunei Darussalam Japan New Zealand

Singapore

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A

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina

Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan

B

Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria

Burkina Faso Burundi

C

Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde

Central African Republic Chad

Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic

D

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of

the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica

Dominican Republic

E

Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea

Estonia Ethiopia

F

Fiji Finland France

G

Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana

H

Haiti Honduras Hungary

I

Iceland India Indonesia

Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq

Ireland Israel Italy

J

Jamaica Japan Jordan

K

Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan

L

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania

Luxembourg

M

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta

Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Monaco Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar

N

Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway

O

Oman

P

Pakistan Palau Panama

Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal

Q

Qatar

R

Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania

Russian Federation Rwanda

S

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Senegal Serbia * Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic

T

Tajikistan Thailand

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste

Togo Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia

Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu

U

Uganda Ukraine

United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of

Tanzania

United States of America Uruguay

Uzbekistan

V

Vanuatu

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam

Y

Yemen

Z

Zambia Zimbabwe

Order of Country Profiles

*Country profile includes Serbia and Montenegro.

◆ WHO Member States

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Country Profiles 2006

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World Health Organization: G. Kernen, J. Dzenowagis

Afghanistan

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Egypt

Somalia Saudi Arabia

Sudan Morocco

Oman Yemen Tunisia

Pakistan Islamic Republic of Iran Iraq Kuweit

Qatar

United Arab Emirates Syrian Arab

Republic

Djibouti Bahrain Jordan

Lebanon

Malta Afghani-

stan

Country statistics

WHO region: Eastern Mediterranean Total population: 23,897,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 417

Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 41.0/42.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 35.3/35.8 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 258/256

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 510/448

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 34 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 8.0 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Source: The world health report 2005. Geneva, WHO, 2005.

Causes of death, Eastern Mediterranean Region

Stratum D Mortality stratum

D: High child, high adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

…

Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

…

Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

… GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

…

Injuries 8%

HIV, TB, malaria 7%

Communicable diseases (including maternal causes) Noncommunicable 41%

conditions 44%

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Diffusion Connectivity Access Policy Source: The digital divide: ICT development indices 2004. Geneva, UNCTAD, 2004.

Not available Mobile phones

Telephone mainlines

Telephone mainlines in largest city Telephone mainlines, waiting list Personal computers Internet hosts (per 1,000 people)

Source: World development indicators 2005. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2005.

UNCTAD handbook of statistics 2004. Geneva, UNCTAD, 2004.

0 25 50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 4 001 532 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Health ICT Education

Not available Total Public Private

Not available

%

GDP%

Source:

1) UNCTAD handbook of statistics 2004. Geneva, UNCTAD, 2004.

2) World health statistics 2005. Geneva, WHO, 2005.

4) World development indicators 2005. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2005.

0 25 50 75 100

Population Access to

impr. water Access to sanitation Adult

literacy Population living on <1

$ a day Total Rural Urban

Not available

Source: World health statistics 2005. Geneva, WHO, 2005. Source: World development indicators 2005. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2005.

Calculated as average of scores for connectivity, access and policy

See explanatory notes for sources and methods.

(…) data not available.

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Albania

Iceland Norway

Russian Federation Estonia

Latvia Lithuania Belarus Republic of Moldova

Georgia Ukraine

Bulgaria

Kazakhstan Armenia Azerbaijan

Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Slovakia

Czech Republic

Poland Romania

Turkey Sweden

Denmark Finland

Italy Greece Germany

Israel UK

Malta Cyprus Greenland

SloveniaCroatia Bosnia & HerzegovenaSerbia & MontenegroTFYR of MacedoniaAlbania Hungary Luxembourg

Spain Portugal Austria IrelandNetherlandsBelgium

Country statistics

WHO region: Europe Total population: 3,166,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 4,949 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 69.0/75.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 59.5/63.3 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 23/19

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 167/92

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 302 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 6.1 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, European Region

Stratum B Mortality stratum

B: Low child, low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

4 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

98.7 Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.021 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

4276

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Mobile phones Telephone mainlines

0 50 100 150200 250 300 350 400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 4 835 192 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available Injuries 6%

HIV, TB, malaria 1%

conditions 85%

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

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World Health Organization: G. Kernen, J. Dzenowagis

Algeria

Somalia Sudan

Ethiopia Algeria

Mauritania Morocco

Central African Republic Chad Niger Mali

Mozambique Madagascar Eritrea Senegal

VerdeCape

Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bisseau Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d’Ivoire Ghana

SaoTome & Principe TogoBenin

Tunisia

Equitorial Guinea Nigeria

Cameroon Gabon

Congo Democratic Republic of the Cong o Angola Namibia

South Africa

Zimbabwe Kenya Tanzania Zambia Botswana

Burundi Uganda Rwanda Burkina Faso

Seychelles

Reunion Mauritius

Swaziland Lesotho

Malawi Comoros Djibouti

Country statistics

WHO region: Africa Total population: 31,800,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 4,284 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 69.0/72.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 59.7/61.6 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 45/36

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 155/125

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 182 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 4.3 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, African Region

Stratum D Mortality stratum

D: High child, high adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Togo.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

16 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

68.9 Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.038 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

5769

Injuries 7%

HIV, TB, malaria 25%

Communicable diseases (including maternal causes) 45%

Noncommunicable conditions 23%

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Telephone mainlines

0 50 100 150 200

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 55 913 500 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

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Andorra

Iceland Norway

Georgia Ukraine

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Poland Romania

Turkey Sweden

Denmark Finland

Israel UK

Country statistics

WHO region: Europe Total population: 71,000

GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 29,463 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 78.0/84.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 69.8/74.6 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 5/4

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 107/41

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 1,908 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 6.5 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, European Region

Stratum A Mortality stratum

A: Very low child, very low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

…

Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

…

Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.084 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

…

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Telephone mainlines

500 100150 200250 300350 400450 500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: Not available

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available Injuries 5%

HIV, TB, malaria 0%

conditions 89%

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

Not available Not available

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World Health Organization: G. Kernen, J. Dzenowagis

Angola

Somalia Sudan

Ethiopia Algeria

Mauritania Morocco

Central African Republic Chad Niger Mali

Mozambique Madagascar Eritrea Senegal

VerdeCape

Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bisseau Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d’Ivoire Ghana

SaoTome & Principe TogoBenin

Tunisia

Equitorial Guinea Nigeria

Cameroon Gabon

Congo Democratic Republic of the Cong o Angola Namibia

South Africa

Zimbabwe Kenya Tanzania Zambia Botswana

Burundi Uganda Rwanda Burkina Faso

Seychelles

Reunion Mauritius

Swaziland Lesotho

Malawi Comoros Djibouti

Country statistics

WHO region: Africa Total population: 13,625,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 1,856

Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 38.0/42.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 31.6/35.1 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 276/243

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 584/488

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 92 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 5.0 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, African Region

Stratum D Mortality stratum

D: High child, high adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Togo.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

3 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

66.9 Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.090 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

2232

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Telephone mainlines

0 50 100150 200 250 300350 400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 11 248 470 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

Not available

Injuries 7%

HIV, TB, malaria 25%

Communicable diseases (including maternal causes) 45%

Noncommunicable conditions 23%

(19)

Antigua and Barbuda

Brazil USA

Chile Argentina

Uruguay Bolivia

Paraguay

Falklands/Malvinos Peru

EcuadorColombiaVenezuela Belize

Jamaica Canada

Mexico Bahamas

Cayman Is

Haiti Cuba

Dominican Republic Bermuda

Panama Costa Rica NicaraguaHonduras El Salvador Guatemala

Trinidad & Tobago Guyana Suriname French Guiana US/UK Virgin Is Puerto Rico Turks & Caicos Is Antigua & Barbuda, Anguilla, Montserrat, Saint Kitts & Nevis Guadeloupe Dominica Saint Lucia/Martinique Barbados Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada

Country statistics

WHO region: Americas Total population: 73,000

GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 10,931 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 70.0/75.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 60.1/63.6 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 13/11

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 193/122

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 527 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 4.8 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, Region of the Americas

Stratum B Mortality stratum

B: Low child, low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of).

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

128 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

…

Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

… GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

9999

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Telephone mainlines

0 10050 150200 250300 350400 450500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 720 962 900 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available

Total Public Private Injuries 12%

HIV, TB, malaria 3%

conditions 70%

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

Not available Not available

(20)

World Health Organization: G. Kernen, J. Dzenowagis

Argentina

Brazil USA

Chile Argentina

Uruguay Bolivia

Paraguay

Falklands/Malvinos Peru

EcuadorColombiaVenezuela Belize

Jamaica Canada

Mexico Bahamas

Cayman Is

Haiti Cuba

Dominican Republic Bermuda

Panama Costa Rica NicaraguaHonduras El Salvador Guatemala

Trinidad & TobagoGuyana Suriname French Guiana US/UK Virgin Is Puerto Rico Turks & Caicos Is Antigua & Barbuda, Anguilla, Montserrat, Saint Kitts & Nevis Guadeloupe Dominica Saint Lucia/Martinique Barbados Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada

Country statistics

WHO region: Americas Total population: 38,428,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 10,781 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 71.0/78.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 62.5/68.1 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 19/16

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 176/90

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 956 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 8.9 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, Region of the Americas

Stratum B Mortality stratum

B: Low child, low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of).

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

112 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

97.0 Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.029 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

11086

Injuries 12%

HIV, TB, malaria 3%

conditions 70%

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 102 041 700 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

Not available

(21)

Armenia

Iceland Norway

Georgia Ukraine

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Poland Romania

Turkey Sweden

Denmark Finland

Israel UK

Country statistics

WHO region: Europe Total population: 3,061,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 4,025 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 65.0/72.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 59.4/62.6 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 35/31

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 240/108

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 232 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 5.8 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, European Region

Stratum B Mortality stratum

B: Low child, low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

16 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

99.4 Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.021 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

3138

Injuries 6%

HIV, TB, malaria 1%

conditions 85%

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 2 376 335 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available

Total Public Private

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

(22)

World Health Organization: G. Kernen, J. Dzenowagis

Australia

Mongolia

Australia New Caledonia French Polynesia People’s Republic of ChinaRepublicof Korea

Japan

Taiwan, China Hong Kong SAR

Philippines Malaysia Cambodia

Viet Nam

N. Marianas Guam

PalauMicronesia (Federated States of)Marshall Isands Kiribati Nauru Is

Tuvalu Papua

New Guinea Solomon IslandsWallis & FuturaW. SamoaA. SamoaTokelau

Tonga Vanuatu Fiji Brunei Darussalam

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Macau SAR

Singapore

Cook Islands PitcairnNiue

New Zealand

Country statistics

WHO region: Western Pacific Total population: 19,731,000 GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 28,277 Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 78.0/83.0

Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 70.9/74.3 Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 6/5

Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 89/51

Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 2,699 Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 9.5 Figures are for 2003 unless indicated.

Causes of death, Western Pacific Region

Stratum A Mortality stratum

A: Low child, very low adult

Countries in regional mortality stratum

Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore.

Selected demographic indicators Selected country expenditure (% GDP)

Country ICT trends ICT diffusion index

Country ICT access indicators

Internet users per 1000 inhabitants 2002

⁽¹⁾

482 Adult literacy rate 2005

⁽²⁾

…

Cost of 3-minute fixed-line phone call (US$) 2002

⁽³⁾

0.120 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2002

⁽⁴⁾

28335

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP: 409 241 000 000 USD

0 2.5 5 7.5 10

Not available Total Public Private Injuries 7%

HIV, TB, malaria 0%

conditions 83%

%

GDP%

Source:

0 25 50 75 100

Not available