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Influence de la forme axiale du flux sur le taux de conversion et la durée du cycle entre rechargements pour du combustible ThPu et Unat dans les réacteurs CANDU

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(1)Influence de la forme axiale du flux sur le taux de conversion et la durée du cycle entre rechargements pour du combustible ThPu et Unat dans les réacteurs CANDU R. Chambon. To cite this version: R. Chambon. Influence de la forme axiale du flux sur le taux de conversion et la durée du cycle entre rechargements pour du combustible ThPu et Unat dans les réacteurs CANDU. 2006. �in2p3-00124014�. HAL Id: in2p3-00124014 http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00124014 Submitted on 12 Jan 2007. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(28)  „°€ƒ÷ö ˜ „¾ö‹ƒ €ö €ƒ÷öI ¸õ€zƒx„¾ö ¸õ€zƒ ±„ Š‹yH–“m]o”v“u‰mpw±¬EyH¬1mswzmp–²¯. Û Šmpwz– y,uy1wz Š‹”r‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—y1•.y1wit¦Ü ‚ „s„ƒ

(29) ¸¹€ƒ÷ö‹„ „†zƒ €ž ¸¹€ƒ÷ösö „s„ƒ ž‚ ¸¹€ƒ ˜ „°öƒ ž ¸¹€ƒ ˜ †. . „s„sƒ  ¸¹€ƒ÷ö‹„ „†ƒ €sž ¸¹€ƒ÷ösö „s„sƒ žs‚ ¸¹€ƒ ˜ „°öƒ ž ¸¹€ƒ ˜ †. ž „°€ƒ  ¸õ€zƒx„°ž „°ö‹ƒ÷ö ¸õ€zƒx„°ž „°€ƒ I ¸õ€zƒ i€ „¾ö‹ƒ €„ ¸õ€zƒ ±„. „°€ žƒ † €ƒ €sž ƒ Iž €ƒ „€ žƒ÷öpž €ƒ÷ö ˜ ƒ žö €ƒ †s€. „°€ƒ € ¸õ€zƒx„°€ „°€ƒ÷ö‹„ ¸õ€zƒ €‚ zƒ ž† ¸õ€zƒx„ „°€ƒ I€ ¸õ€zƒx„°€ ƒ. ∆ = PC (multi) − PC (uni). Unat : (PC(multi) - PC(uni))/PC(uni) *100 "diffUnat.dat1" matrix. 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. msruv“mt‰vxqwSywt‰ruy. 25 10. −0.29%. yEt. 8. 6. 4. 2. 0.34%. äåºæ4ç!2èS›GvÃÂc®1r‰y1w±¬Ey,Š‹y,Š‹v“‘tur‰vx‡”tuv qswŠ‹yH– m]o”zv ‰umswz¬EyH¬mpwzms– ÛC ܽo±q”r –²³. . 0. Unat. „s„ ˜ ƒ‚‹„ €zƒ öI ±ƒ‚‹„ €zƒ öö ˜ ƒž ˜ €zƒ ˜ ö ±ƒ iö €zƒ ˜ „. „°ö ‹ö ƒ „s„ €ƒ „‚ „sƒ ‚ €ƒ „°ö ö‹ƒ÷ö €ƒ÷öp‚ „sƒ  ˜ €ƒ÷ö ˜.

(30) ThPu : (PC(multi) - PC(uni))/PC(uni) *100 "diffThPu.dat1" matrix. 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. msruv“mt‰vxqwSywt‰ruy. 8. 25 10. −1.51%. yEt. 6. 4. 2. 0. 1.34%. äåºæ4ç ˜ 軛GvxÂY®ruywz¬Ey,Š‹yHŠ‹v“‘tur‰vx‡”tuv qsw Š‹yH–“moz”v ‰‰mpwz¬1y¬mpwzms– ÛC ÜoYqs”r – y. T hP u. ¾m šy¬ –²³ ®’i”zmt‰vxqw Û Ü¦ƒz4y1–“m,o±mprŠ‹”»or‰vxw±¬Ev o±y’i”yn– y*¬1ÝH”r)y°tr‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—®’”±msuvx•.y1wit½y1wS¬1qswituv w”¯v –cy‘t½Š‹qwz¬*¬Eqs•.oYqu®nŠ‹y —r‰msooYy ¬Eq•.o–x®1tuy•]ywitwzy1”šyyEtnŠ³ ms”‹tur‰yor‰®Et‰y ñ.uqsrutuv r½ywozms‰umswito±mpr½tuq”‹tuyH–“m]—mp•.•.yy1w ¬Ey° Š‹y1”µ"yEµt‰ruÞ•]y°1ƒ k∞ (Tcyc ) =. 1 Tcyc. Z. Û iÜ. Tcyc. k∞ (t)dt 0. q ò y1t r‰y1or‰®uy1wituywitr‰yuoYy¬¦t‰vxšy1•.y1wit – ytuy1•.oznyEt– ytuy•]o± •.qŽsy1w Š‹yHr‰®uv“Š‹y1wz¬1yHŠ‹y —r‰msooYy Šmswz – y,¬EÝH”r°ƒz~v qw»ot r‰y1wzTŠ.cyc yw»¬Eq•]otuy– ynr‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—y1•.y1wit°¯p¬ˆŒzms’i”y —r‰msoo±yG’”zvzy‘t½Šzmpwz)–xyr‰®m¬¦t‰y1”ro±ms‰‘y yw»•.qŽsy1wzwy ªºqsv“ – y*tuy•]o± y1witur‰yŠ‹y1”‹µ"ruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•]ywit‰ƒÏGw9o±y”‹tmp– qsrˆ4®°¬Er‰vxr‰yG’i”y– y Š‹”¬EÝH”roYqs”r”w9tuy•.oz Š‹qswznwk® /nS =yw1.5 t‰ruy– y k∞ Tre r‰y¬ˆŒ±mpr‰—sy1•.ywtˆ)y°tnŠ®¬Er‰vxto±mpr –²³ ®°’”±mtuv qsw Û ˜ ܦƒ ¬1ÝH”r k∞. 1 ≈ k∞ (Tre ) = Tre. Z. ۘ Ü. Tre. k∞ (t0 )dt0 0. qò 0 y1t r‰y1ozru®°‘ywt‰y1wit,r‰yuo±y°¬¦tuv šsy•.y1wit,–xy»tuy1•.ozyEt–xyStuy1•.oz2y1witur‰ySŠ‹y”‹µ`ruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•]ywit‰y1wB•.qŽy1wwy»Šzmpwz2–xy ¬1ÝH”tr°ƒ7¡qT”zre2m¾šqswz2mp– qsrˆ 0 ƒ7|y°2Š‹vxÂc®1r‰y1wit‰ru®°‘”z–Ãtˆmt‰ qs‡‹t‰y1w”z,o±mpr2¬1yEt‘t‰y"msoor‰q¬ˆŒzy»‘qwtwqpt‰®2Šzmpwz t = nS /nk .t wzqptur‰yH¬1m (1demi) ƒ±~¬ˆŒ®1•/ mt‰v ’i”y•.y1wit¯¬1yEt‘t‰yH•.®EtuŒzqŠyHy‘tvx– –x”±t‰ruX ®y*o±mpr –“m2ű—s”r‰yH‚ƒ mƒ X¬ms)ñ,o–x”±‘v y1”rˆywzuy1•2‡z–xy°4Š‹yG‘y°¬¦tuv qswSyE໬1m¬Ey¯swzqs”z4Š‹y1šqswztuy1wzvxr½¬Eqs•.o‹t‰yGŠ‹”Swqs•‡ruyGŠ‹yG¬1Ž¬1–xy° }0q”r)– yG ’i”y o±ms‰‘yH¬ˆŒzm’”zyGtŽoYy,Š‹y—srˆmpooYy Šmpwz– yHr‰®ms¬Etuy”rƒ‹|7mšms–xy”rŠ‹y Šg³ ”wyH—r‰msooYyŠytŽioYy y1w•.qŽsy1wzwyGy°ntnCms–xqr‰ k k∞ k Šqsww®yHozmpr Û ‚ÜEƒ k∞. (k). (Tre , nC ) =. 1 (k) nC. · Tre. Z. (k). Û ‚iÜ. nC ·Tre. k∞ (k)(t)dt 0. › mpw±n– y¬ms qò * w³ y‘tGozm– y2•.Þ1•.y,oYqs”rGtuq”‹tuy°– yG—srˆmpooYy¯q”‘v%–xy°nuy¬Etuv qswznyE໬1m¬Eyny1w ªºqwz¬¦t‰vxqwŠ‹” t‰y1•.oz uqswitnŠ‹vxÂc®1r‰y1wituy° n‘”Cv šmpwit– y —r‰msoo±y°1¯‹v –gª«ms”‹t ª«mpv ruy–“m.•.qŽsy1wzwyozmpr rˆmpooYqsrutmp”9wqs•‡r‰yŠyH—srˆmpooYy Š‹y,¬ˆŒ±ms’i”y*tŽo±y Šzmpwz – yru®°ms¬Etuy1”zrƒ‹›*mpwz wzqptur‰yH¬1m1¯m¾šy¬G– m]wqst‰mt‰vxqw9Šytˆmp‡– yms”‹µ»or‰®¬E®°Š‹y1witˆ1¯¬1y1–“m]Šqswwy/{ ¬1ÝH”r k∞. =. 1 X i B C D EH n (k A (2Tre ) + k∞ (2Tre ) + k∞ (2Tre ) + k∞ (2Tre ) + 4k∞ (Tre ))/8 nch i ch ∞. Û p Ü. qò r‰y1or‰®uy1wit‰y]– y/w”•.®1r‰qŠ‹y91qwys¯;yEt – y/wq•2‡r‰y»Š‹y»¬1mswzmp”µcƒ7|y2Š‹vÃÂc®1r‰y1witˆHru®°‘”z–Ãtˆmt‰ q‡‹tuywi”±Hozmpr¬EyEtutuy nch msooir‰q‹¬ˆŒy2uqswitnwqstu®*Šmswzwqstur‰y¬ms (N ƒ) c¿wzy2šsyr‰uv qsw‰¬ˆŒ®1•/mt‰v ’i”yŠ‹y¬1yEt‘t‰y2•.®Et‰Œq‹Š‹y2y°t*X or‰®uy1witu®y2ñ»–“m.Åz—”ruy ‚zƒ ¬sƒi¿nwywqstuyG—s®1wz®1rˆmp– y’”±mpwit4mp”µ]r‰®u”X–xt‰mtˆq‡‹tuywi”±)m¾šsy°¬– m,•]®1tuŒq‹Š‹y Š‹qsvxt4Þ1tur‰y ª«mpvxtuyƒ})–x”z4qsw»³ ®¬1msr‘t‰yŠ‹”/t‰y1•.oz ywitur‰yG– y½r‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—y1•.y1wit‰ N o±q”r–xy°’”zy1–c–xy°‘y°¬¦tuv qsw±)y1à/¬ms¬1y4qswit½®1tu®N¬1ms– ¬1”–x®y¯•]qvxw±)– y½r‰®u”–Ãtˆmtˆ4oYqs”zr ¯ Tre y1t uqswitšmp– v“Š‹yƒ;¢w¶ yEÂcyEt°¯0uv)o±mpr]yEµ‹y1•.o– yS– y»t‰y1•.ozy1witur‰y»– yruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•]ywit‰ y°t]o– ”z2—r‰mswzŠB’ik”∞ y"¬1CR y1– ”v Mf is. ž. Tre.

(31) m. ‡. 6. 6. X. 6. ¦. X. Tre Tcyc. Tre. Û „. „sƒ ˜. X (1demi). ¬. 6. 2Tre. §. ö. ¦™¨G¨A¨©¦. Tre i n ( Ai i ch. ÜÆsö. 2Tre. 6. ¦. X. 2Tre + ... +. Tre. X (1et2). 6. X. P. X. Tre Di X (N ). 2Tre +. X. EH i. 2Tre TP re )/ i nich. äåºæ4çc‚,è"~‹¬ˆŒz®1•/ms Š‹y°•.®EtuŒzqŠyŠ‹y,¬mp–“¬E”– ”tuv –xv“‘®So±q”r,–²³ q‡‹tuywt‰vxqwBŠ‹y/–U³ y1w±‘y•2‡– y»Š‹y,oruqor‰vx®1tu® N ¯;ms–xqr‰– yH—r‰msooYyy1w`oYquvÃt‰vxqwB™LyEtb Û ¬¦ªƒ;t‰ms‡–xy°mp”žiÜ w;³ ms”ruqwitnozmsn®1šqs– ”®,ñ/‡zmuuy,o”v“‰umswz¬Ey2u”‹à»‰mp•.y1wit– qswT—sre tuy1•.oz¯z– y1”zrG‡”zruw”ouy1rˆm/Š‹qsw±¬tur‰qso —r‰mswzŠ9o±q”rG– yHt‰y1•.oz Šy2‘qr‘t‰vxy,¬1qsr‰ruy°‘oYqsw±Šmpwit¬Eq•]•.yH– y,•.qswitur‰y,‰¬ˆŒ®1•/mt‰v ’i”y•.y1wit– m/Åz—s”r‰ y ƒ mƒ±›ny,•.Þ•]y¯z– yn—srˆmpooYynyEt*› mp”zruqwt ”zw9‡z”ruw”o9t‰ruqo"oYyEt‰vÃt Û Åz—s”r‰Š y ƒ ‡±Ü¦ƒ±œmpv“1¯‹®1t‰mswtŠ‹qww®H–“m.’”±msuv‘Ž•.®Et‰ruv yHmµ‹v ms–xyŠ‹yHo”zv ‰umswz¬Ey¯‹–xy° ¬Eqwz‘®°’i”y1wz¬1yŠ‹y ¬1yŠ‹y”‹µÄŠ‹vxÂY®ruywz¬Ey°*Šy‡”zruw”oFqswitGt‰y1wzŠzmpwz¬1y]ñ"1³ mpww”– y1r°ƒc›Gmswz*–xy.¬1mGqooYqu®2qsò y°to– ”z*o±y1tuvxt,’”zy N ¯c–xy Tre Tre •.Þ•]yHrˆmpv“uqswy•]•.ywt oYy1”‹tÞ1tur‰y*ª«mpvxtƒ ¿nwyH•/mpwv ¼1r‰yHv wt‰y1r‰•.®Š‹v“mpv ruyywt‰ruy– yŠy1”‹µmpoor‰q‹¬ˆŒy¬1qswzuv ‘tuy,ñt‰y1wv rn¬Eq•.o‹tuy,Š‹” •.q‹Š‹y,Š‹yHr‰y¬ˆŒ±mpr‰—sy1•.ywt Û v²ƒ ysƒ Š”Swq•2‡r‰yGŠ‹y¬EŽ‹¬1–xy°4Šmswz4–xy*¬EÝH”r½o±q”r¬ˆŒzms’i”yG—srˆmpooYy°Ü)umswzor‰y1w±Š‹ruyGy1w9¬Eqs•.o‹t‰yn– yŠ‹vxÂYyruywituy)tŽo±y°4Šy*uy¬Etuv qswz y1໬1ms¬1yƒ›Gmswz¬1y¬ms¯‹wqs”±o±q”šsqwz®¬1ruv ruy‰¬ˆŒ®1•/mt‰v ’i”y•.y1wit –U³ ®’i”zmptuv qsw Û žÜEƒ ¬EÝH”zr k∞. AD EH = (k∞ (2Tre ) + k∞ (Tre ))/2. Û žÜ. |;y"Š‹vÃÂc®1r‰y1witˆ»r‰®u”–Ãtˆmtˆ qs‡‹t‰y1w”z/o±mpr"¬1yEtutuyÄmsoor‰q¬ˆŒzy‘qwt»wzqptu®°SŠmswz»wzqptur‰y¬1m yEtS–“mB•.®Et‰Œq‹Š‹yy°t X (1et2) ‰¬ˆŒ®•.mptuv“‘®yHñ–“mÅz—s”zruyH‚X ƒ ‡ƒ ¬1ÝH”r oYqs”r*–“m»•.®Et‰Œq‹Š‹y.”z‘”zy1– –xy Û v²ƒ yƒcŠy |;yGru®°‘”z–Ãtˆmt‰Gqs‡tuy1w”zuqswitGr‰y1—ruq”oY®nms” t‰ms‡– ymp”+ ƒg|;mSš¾ms–xy”rŠ‹y k∞ uy¬Etuv qswzGyE໬ms¬Ey°n’i”v0wy2tuv y1wwywit*ozmG¬1qs•.o‹t‰yŠ‹”Fruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•]ywit¯z¬1qs– qswwy"„°Üy‘tG– ®1—s¼ruy•.y1witno– ”z*o±y1tuvxtuy.’i”y¬1y1– –xy oYqs”zrn–“m/•.®EtuŒzqŠy2or‰®¬1v uy Û ¬1qs– qswwy ˜ ܦƒ±¢– –xywy2Š‹vxÂY®ruy’”zy2Š‹y2•.qvxwznŠ‹y Šmpw±– ynŠy1”‹µ ¬1m1ƒg4y1oYy1wzŠmswit¯±¬1yEtutuy 1mk ŠvÃÂc®1r‰y1wz¬1yy‘t)– yr‰®u”–Ãtˆmtwqw»‘y”– y1•.y1wit)Š‹y–“mHor‰v“‘y yw»¬Eqs•.o‹t‰yqs”.wqw»Š‹y –“m*ªºqsr‰•.ynmµ‹v“mp– yŠ”.Àz”‹µ.o±q”r)–²³ ®šmp– ”zmt‰vxqw Šyuy¬Etuv qswz y1໬1ms¬1y¯‹•/mpv“mp”z‰uvŠ‹yŠvÃÂc®1r‰y1wit‰ tuy1•.ozny1witur‰yHr‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—y1•.y1wit‰ƒi}%q”r‡v y1w Š‹®°¬Eq”o– y1r– yŠy1”‹µ9yEÂcyEt‰¯ wzqs”zHm¾šqswznruyoruv“*– m"•.®Et‰Œq‹Š‹y.”z‘”zy1– –xy.•/mpv“mpoo– v“’”z®1y]o±q”r–xy]tuy•.ozy1witur‰y]–xy°Gr‰y¬ˆŒ±mpr‰—sy1•.ywtˆn¬1qsr‰ruy°‘oYqswzŠzmpwit*ms” ¬EÝH”zr ¬mp–“¬E”–‹ozru®°¬Ev“ Û ¬Eq–xqwwy†ܦƒp|;y%r‰®u”–Ãtˆmtˆ7•.qwt‰ruywit0’i”y½– m*šmp– y1”zr0Šy y°tmp– qsrˆ7o–x”±0—srˆmpwzŠ‹yƒ°|)³ y1ÂYy1ty‘t%ywz¬Eqruy k∞ ¬1ÝH”r ”zwyªºqv 4o– ”z—r‰mswzŠ.o±q”r)– y ’i”yno±q”r4–²³ ƒ g¹–zŽ/m,Š‹qwz¬Š‹y”‹µ/yEÂcyEt’”zvYuyn¬Eq•.o±ywz‘ywitG{  mp”z—s•.y1witu® T hP u Unat ¬EÝH”zr k∞ uvc– mHªºqsr‰•]y*mµ‹v“mp– yw³ y‘t½ozmor‰v“‘yGy1wS¬1qs•.o‹tuy¯y1t Š‹v •.vxw”®Gozmpr½–xyntuy•]o±)o– ”z½– qsw—,ywitur‰yn– y4ruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•]ywit‰ƒ k ¬1ÝH”r |7mS•.®1tuŒq‹Š‹y.ŒŽ‹Š‹ruv“Š‹y Û (1et2) ¯g¬Eq–xqwwy/ö»y1 t ÜnmS∞tuywzŠmpw±¬Ey.ñ"Š‹v •.vxw”yr o±mprr‰msooYqsrut*mp”µru®°‘”–xt‰mpt‰*Š‹y.– m X¬msŠ‹y–²³ •.®Œq‹Š‹yH”zu”y1– –xyHŠmswz½–xy, y1tñ–²³ mp”—•]ywituy1r Šmswz– y¬msŠ‹” k∞ ƒ g¹–gy‘tnŠ‹qwz¬GŠvÃ໬Ev – y,Š‹y– m]r‰y·yEt‰y1r q” Unat T hP u ŠyH– m]r‰yEtuywv rƒ ™ÅzwFŠyšqsv rG–“m"uy1w±‘v ‡v –xvxtu®.Š‹y.¬EyGr‰®u”–ÃtˆmtˆGm¾šy¬,–“mSŠ”ru®yywitur‰yŠ‹y”‹µruy°¬ˆŒzmpr‰—sy•.y1wit‰¯zwq”z*m¾šsqsw± turˆms¬1®u”r– m ¬1ÝH”r ű—s”r‰yHž– yšms–xy”r‰msoor‰q¾µv •/mt‰vxšy½Š‹y y‘tuv •.®1yo±mpr–xy°½tur‰qsv“•.®EtuŒzqŠy Š‹®°¬Er‰vÃt‰yor‰®¬1®Š‹y•]•.ywt Û ®’Yƒ Û ˜ ܦ¯ k ∞ Û pܽy1t Û žÜuܦƒ }0q”r ”wyH•.Þ1•.yHšmp– y1”zrŠ‹y ¯ y‘to–x”± o±y1tuvxtG’i”zmpw±ŠS– yHor‰qpÅz–mpµv“mp–gy°tozruv“y1w ¬Eq•.o‹tuyHoYqs”r –“m.—s®w®1rˆmt‰vxqw ∞ Šynuy¬Etuv qswznyE໬1m¬Ey° o±q”rn– yTtuyre•]o±kn ywt‰ruyHr‰y¬ˆŒ±mpr‰—sy1•.ywtˆ ’i”v;wq”zv witu®ruy°uuy1witƒ±|³ ®¬1msr‘tGy‘tGŠg³ y1wšvxr‰qsw o±q”r –²³ y1tGŠ‹Š y •5ª"oYqs”rG–xy ¯¬Ey]’i”v7¬1qsr‰ruy°‘oYqswzŠñ.–“m»Š‹vxÂY®ruywz¬Ey2y1witur‰y,– yn¬1qs– qswwzy†/y1t ˜ Š‹”tˆmp‡– yms« ” 1mk ƒY›ny– m Unat. T hP u.

(32)  . 6. 6.   . * ** * * ** * ** * ** ** .     . Be. Be.  . . . . . .  ** * ** **.  . -. N Tre. N 2Tre. Tre. -.  N Tre. 2Tre. m. Tre. N 2Tre. ‡ äåºæ4ç›Hèb½”r‰w”o"ywSªºqwz¬¦t‰vxqw Š‹”9tuy1•.oz.  %ç› 2軙noor‰q¾µ‹vx•/mt‰vxqw"Š‹y ¬1ÝH”r. Unat. (1demi) yEt 0 „ƒ € pö Tre. (1+2) yEt 0 „sƒ €Ii†T re. T hP u. 0 Tre. Š‹” ¬EÝH”r. m¾šsy¬*–“m]•]®1tuŒq‹Š‹y (1demi) y1t N (1+2) y1t N „ƒ € ‚ ˜ Tre „sƒ I€ i‚„ T re. „ƒ € ˜ ‚†. T N = 221.5. N,i Tre = 222/221. k∞. T 0 = 229.5. „ƒ €†I re. k∞. „ƒ €† iöIre. „sƒ €s†s‚iö ˜. = 123 Tre. N y1w]·qsT ”rˆre. „€. „sƒ €Ii€Ii‚. = 113.5. (N ). „ƒ €† ˜  ˜. N,i Tre. = 120.5/107.5. 2Tre.

(33) Û mÜ 1.12. 1.08 1.078 1.076 1.074 1.072 1.07. 1.1. Unat ’kinfUnat01et2’ ’kinfUnat01demi’ ’kinfUnatN’. 0. 20. 40. Tre. 60. 80. 200 Tre. 250. 100. <kinf>. 1.08. 1.06 1.052 1.05 1.04 1.048 1.046 1.021.044 1.042 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 Tre 1 0 50 100 150. Û ‡±Ü 1.16. 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.1 1.09 1.08 1.07. 1.14 1.12. 350. 400. T hP u ’kinfThPu01et2’ ’kinfThPu01demi’ ’kinfThPuN’. 0. 10. 20. 30. 1.1. 40. 1.046 1.044 1.042 1.04 1.038 1.036 1.034 1.032 1.03 100. 1.08. <kinf>. 300. 1.06 1.04 1.02. 105. 50. 110. 115. 120. 125. 130. 1 0.98 0.96 0.94. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. äåºæ)çcž2èSœ qŽsywwyHŠ‹”9ª«ms¬Etuy”rŠ‹yH•2”z–Ãt‰vxo– v“¬1mt‰vxqw9Šy wy”‹tur‰qsw±. „s„. 500. k∞.

(34)  7ç%„°€Hè9½l CÛ. Unat. Iö iöp}” öIz„}” öI€s}” ös† s}” ös†sž¿ ös†s‚¿ ös† ˜ ¿. CR. P. Mf is. g¹wvxtuv“mp–. €ƒ €s€ €zƒ €€ €zƒ €€ €zƒ €€ €zƒ €€ öp€s

(35) † s€zƒ‚p€ €zƒ €€ 1„ ±„sƒ s† 1„ ±„sƒ s†. yEt. p†ƒ ‚ Tre „sƒ÷ö zƒ ˜ ö öp€ƒ „ ˜ „sƒ žI öp€iöp† ˜ ƒ€ „1zƒ ‚I zƒ €. (1demi). „°€s€zƒ i‚. 0. ܽy1tvxwšsywit‰mpv r‰y Û —iܽoYqs”r –²³ y1t. `zƒ €„ Tre. (1+2). 0. „sƒ ˜ € zƒ ˜ € öp€zƒ i€ ˜ €zƒ € ˜ ös€ösI† zƒ ˜ 1„ ±ƒx„„ B‹ƒ  „€öƒ €iö. Unat. œ ®Et‰Œq‹Š‹y (1demi) y1t N p†ƒ ‚ Tre „sƒ „† zƒ †„ „ ƒ ž ˜ ˜ „sƒ †s† ös€ ö ±„sƒ †s€ 1„ zƒ †  ˜ ƒ I „€„ƒ ˜ ž. y1t. †zƒ žz„ Tre „ƒ †B ±ƒ ö „c ƒ ‚„  ƒ ˜s˜ öp€iö €zƒ i€ „°†ƒ žs‚  ƒ „. (1+2). „€†ƒ €s†. N. p†ƒ ˜ ö „sƒ „1 zƒ÷öp‚ „ ƒ ž„ ˜ „sƒ÷ö öp€iö ±„sƒ †ö „1zƒ †s€ (N ). ‚ƒ z„ „°€„ƒ z„. •.Þ•]y2ª«m ¬1qsw¯Yo±q”rn”zwy2•.Þ1•.yš¾ms–xy”rGŠy ¯ y‘tGo– ”zGo±y1tuvxtm¾šy¬–“m/•.®EtuŒzqŠy2or‰®¬1v uysƒY|³ ®¬1msr‘tGy‘t*Šg³ y1wšvxr‰qsw ˜ ·q”rˆo±q”r–²³ y1tnŠ‹y,žG·qs”rˆo±q”r – y k∞ Tƒ re ¡nqs”zGm¾šsqUwznat  ®1—imp– y1•.y1witG¬1qs•.ozmsru®,–²³ vxw‹TÀ±”hP y1wzu¬1yŠ‹yor‰y1wzŠ‹r‰y,yw¬Eqs•.o‹t‰y2– y2•.q‹Š‹yŠy2r‰y¬ˆŒzmsru—y1•.y1witŠmpw±– y*¬1mp–“¬E”z–  Šy]¬1y1– –x”– y.‘”r*– y*vxwšy1wit‰msvxr‰ynyEt–xyt‰ms”‹µŠ‹y]¬1qswšsyr‰uv qswƒY|yGr‰®u”–ÃtˆmtˆGuqswit*Šqsww®°Gms”‹µ t‰ms‡– ymp”µ`„°€»y1t]„„sƒY}0msru•.v – y9ms¬Etuv wv“Š‹y"‘”v šv ¯4uy1”z–*¬1y1”‹µém¾šsy°¬ Š‹y9¬Eqwz¬Eywt‰r‰mptuv qswz»wqswéw®—s– vx—yms‡–xy°/yEtm¾šsy°¬ Š‹y9Š‹y1•.vGšiv y9u”‹à»ums•]•.ywt – qswz—s”y°)uqswit4r‰y1—ruq”o±®°Šmswz– y4ru®°‘”z–Ãtˆmt‰ƒ|;ytˆmp”‹µ»Š‹y*¬Eqswšy1rˆ‘v qsw]ruyor‰®uy1wituy–“m,’i”zmswt‰vÃt‰®GŠ‹ynű‰‘v –xynoruq‹Š‹”zvÃt‰y Mfprod is Û Û o±mpr2rˆmpozo±qr‘tñĬEy1– – y"Šg³ ®1– ®1•.y1witˆ2– qs”rˆŠÅYuuvxqww® cons ®’Yƒ Üuܦ¯%qs”ßmp”tur‰y1•.y1wit]ŠvÃt.¬Eqs•‡v y1wߊg³ ®1– ®1•.y1witˆ,ű‰uvx– y nl wy»oYy1”t]Þ1tur‰ySŠ‹v ruy°¬¦tuy•.y1wit2qs‡tuy1w”y9ñ –“m‘qr‘t‰vxy"Š‹”ßr‰®ms¬Etuy”r¯ ¬1ru®yS¬ˆŒzm’”zy/ű‰‘v qswƒ%|;m’i”zmswituvxtu®SŠ‹ySű‰‘v –xySoruq‹Š‹”zM vÃt‰yS oz”v ‰’i”³ ”wy9ozmprutuv ySm ÅYuuvxqww®ƒ04y1oYy1w±Šmpwit¯%qswÁo±y”‹tª«msvxr‰y»– yS‡v –“mpwßywBű‰‘v –xy°,ywt‰ruy"–xy9¬Eq•2‡”z‘tuv ‡– ySwy”‹ªyEt]”zu®Ä{ šmsruv“mt‰vxqw ¸ ¬1qswzuqs•.•/mt‰vxqw ƒ|;m9•/ms‰‘y]y1wFű‰‘v – y]¬1qswzuqs•.•.®1y]y‘t,mpoor‰q¾µ‹vx•.®y or‰q‹Š‹”z¬Etuv qsw ∆Mf is Œ Mfprod Mfcons is is o±mpr –“m•/muuyHŠg³ ®–x®•.y1wit‰ – qs”zr‰Š½oYy1rˆŠ‹”yƒ¢wv uqs–“mpwit y°tms–xqr‰Š‹qww®Hozmsr –U³ ®’i”zmptuv qsw Û „€iܦƒ prod ¯–xy Mf is. CR(t) =. CR(t) =. CR. Mfprod is (t) cons (t) −Mnl. cons ∆Mf is (t) + Mfcons ∆Mf is (t) − Mnl (t) ∆Mf is (t) Mf is (t) − Mf is (0) is (t) = =1− =1− cons cons −Mnl (t) −Mnl (t) ∆Mnl (t) Mnl (t) − Mnl (0). Û  Ü. Û „€Ü. ­ ”zy2¬Ey2uqsvxtnoYqs”rG–U³ q” –xy ¯– yHt‰ms”‹µ Š‹y2¬Eqwšsy1rˆuvxqw w³ y°tGoruy°u’i”y2ozmsŠ®1oYy1wzŠmswit*Š‹y,–“m/•.®Et‰Œq‹Š‹y ˆ¬ Œzqsv“‘v y»oYqs”r–xyS¬mp–“¬E”– y1U r°¯;nat – y2®¬mprut‰THhP q‡z‘uyruš®Huqswitms”B•.mpµ‹vx•”•

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