Lifeboat Weather Limit Analysis

Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur:

Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at

[email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information.

https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits

L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB.

Student Report; no. SR-2010-13, 2010-04-26

READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.

https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright

NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC :

https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=66524740-a505-4ccc-9deb-2809c7cebb99 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=66524740-a505-4ccc-9deb-2809c7cebb99

NRC Publications Archive

Archives des publications du CNRC

For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.

https://doi.org/10.4224/17511320

Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at

Lifeboat Weather Limit Analysis

DOCUMENTATION PAGE

REPORT NUMBER

SR-2010-13

NRC REPORT NUMBER DATE

April 2010

REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

Unclassified

DISTRIBUTION

Unlimited

TITLE

LIFEBOAT WEATHER LIMIT ANALYSIS

AUTHOR (S)

Stephen Appleton

CORPORATE AUTHOR (S)/PERFORMING AGENCY (S)

Institute for Ocean Technology, National Research Council, St. John’s, NL

PUBLICATION

SPONSORING AGENCY(S)

IOT PROJECT NUMBER NRC FILE NUMBER

KEY WORDS

Lifeboats, Escape-Evacuation-Rescue, Conventional, Free Fall, MadRock

PAGES iv, 9, App. A-E FIGS. 6 TABLES SUMMARY

Throughout this report I will focus on one test program in particular. The purpose of

the experimental program was to test the survivability of different model lifeboats in

various wind and weather conditions. Throughout this work term I have developed

many valuable skills in data analysis and programming and I will explain in detail

how these skills helped analyze and interpret the various data that was collected

during this experiment as well as the conclusive results which came to fruition

throughout the process.

National Research Council Conseil national de recherches Canada Canada Institute for Ocean Institut des technologies

Technology océaniques

LIFEBOAT WEATHER LIMIT ANALYSIS

SR-2010-13

Stephen Appleton

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures...iv

1.0

INTRODUCTION ... 1

2.0

OBJECTIVES... 1

3.0

PROCEDURE... 1

3.1

Data Processing Method 1... 2

3.2

Graphic Analysis 1 ... 3

3.3

Data Processing Method 2... 4

3.4

Safety Criteria ... 5

3.5

Graphic Analysis 2 ... 5

4.0

GEOMETRICAL EXPLANATION ... 6

5.0

OVERVIEW ... 8

6.0

CONCLUSION ... 9

7.0

REFERENCES ... 9

Appendix A: Code that was made to generate individual lifeboat analysis

Appendix B: Code that was made to compare the lifeboats’ data

Appendix C: Data collected from 1:13 scale Conventional lifeboat tests

Appendix D: Data collected from 1:13 scale Free Fall lifeboat tests

Appendix E: Data collected from 1:13 scale MadRock lifeboat tests

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1

Location of Qualysis Markers on Lifeboats... 2

Figure 2

Roll values obtained at progressive wave levels ... 4

Figure 3

Model comparison graph ... 6

Figure 4. Image of the Conventional lifeboat model ... 7

Figure 5. Image of the Free Fall lifeboat model ... 7

LIFEBOAT WEATHER LIMIT ANALYSIS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Throughout this report I will focus on one test program in particular. The purpose of the

experimental program was to test the survivability of different model lifeboats in various

wind and weather conditions. Throughout this work term I have developed many

valuable skills in data analysis and programming and I will explain in detail how these

skills helped analyze and interpret the various data that was collected during this

experiment as well as the conclusive results which came to fruition throughout the

process.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

The performances of three different lifeboats were under investigation during the

experimental program. The boats were tested moving into head seas, following seas

and in a zigzag motion to measure the wave effects on the bow and stern as well as to

see how much the orientation of the model affected its performance. In previous model

experiments, it was proven that model testing was an appropriate method to study the

evacuation component of the Escape-Evacuation-Rescue, especially when investigating

the performance of evacuation crafts in harsh weather environments. “The intent of the

experiment was to provide information that could be used by offshore petroleum

managers in emergence evacuation situations” (Simões Ré) 2002.

3.0 PROCEDURE

This experimental program was preformed in the tow tank at the Institute for Ocean

Technology. The names of the three model types under investigation were the

Conventional, Free Fall, and MadRock models, each one having different geometrical

characteristics. Both a 1:13 and 1:7 scale models were made and tested under the

same conditions which ensured that a fair comparison could be made. The models were

self propelled and had the capacity to move at a speed of 6 knots in calm waters. By

placing reflective Qualisis markers on specific locations on the boat and setting up two

optical motion tracking sensors on either side of the tow tank, the six degrees of motion

were able to be accurately and effectively calculated. Each model was tested in

conditions ranging from calm water to large waves generated by Beaufort 9 wind

conditions. The waves were generated by an oscillating wave board located at the end

would have been more optimal but was limited due to the fact that powering the fans

required the connection to a transformer located halfway down the tank with a cable

length of about 65 meters The variables of specific interest in these trials were the surge

sway and heave movements and the subsequent roll, pitch and yaw moments around

the respective axis. By analyzing these variables we were able to best see how the

various wind and wave magnitudes affected each individual model performance.

Location of Qualysis Markers

PROFILE (0,0,0) + X + Z + Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 3 5 4 6 7 # X 1 52 2 101 207 3 254 4 5 337 490 6 7 583 0 +78 -142 -73 -90 +123 Y +60 285 232 267 233 223 267 Z 198 Distance from (0,0,0) in Millimeters Experiments performed on the 1:13 TEMPSC Model in Fall 2000

PLAN

Figure 1 Location of Qualysis Markers on Conventional Lifeboats

3.1 Data Processing Method 1

Once the all the raw data had been successfully collected and properly organized into

Excel documents (refer to appendices C-E), it was time to interpret the data and see if

any valuable information could be derived from the results. It was concluded that the

best way to proceed with this process would be to create a set of graphs displaying the

values obtained from each specific independent variable under the varying weather

conditions. However, hundreds of these graphs would have to be made in order to fully

analyze the data, so in the interest of time and energy it was decided that a code would

have to be generated in order to automatically process the values.

Once the code was

successfully generated, it was able to extract the necessary data from the Excel files

and create all 120 bar charts in less than 20 seconds. This obviously reduced the

processing time immensely and eliminated any human error associated with manually

entering the values into a graphing program. Refer to Appendix A for copy of code.

3.2 Graphic Analysis 1

Upon investigation of the variable graphs, it was evident that some interesting patterns

and discrepancies had developed. When analyzing the performance of the conventional

lifeboat model in the head and following seas at the 1:13 scale, a general increase in

the roll, pitch and yaw was noted as the beaufort levels increased. However, while

observing the movement trends of the model, an interesting pattern developed. As the

wave magnitude increased from BF7 to BF8, the boat experienced a general increase in

surge, sway and heave directions. It was noted, however, that the conventional model

showed a slight decrease in movements along these axis as the wave level was

increased from BF8 to BF9. Further experimentation is being done to see if these

findings are in fact valid or whether there was a technical problem with the tracking

system. After examination of the Free Fall model, a similar trend in the rotation data was

noted. Across all directional settings, a general increase in the roll, pitch and yaw was

observed to occur as the wave levels increased. A similar trend in the movement data

was observed. As the wave magnitude increased, an incremental increase in the surge,

sway, and heave was noted. This outcome was expected to occur therefore initial

predictions were confirmed. The MadRock model also showed a similar trend,

displaying a steady increase amongst all trial orientations in the angular rotations in the

x and y-axes. There was however, an exception in the rotation around the z axis. The

data showed that the yaw decreased in the following seas as the waves got larger. This

outcome could been attributed to the “surfing” action the boat experiences when moving

in the same direction as the wave. Larger waves would mean more time the boat is

spent gliding; therefore yaw would be slightly reduced. Movement patterns seemed

quite consistent, displaying an overall increase in surge, sway and heave as the wave

magnitudes increased. The figure below show the graphs indicating an overall increase

in roll as the wave levels increase:

Figure 2 Roll values obtained at progressive wave levels

3.3 Data Processing Method 2

Once the trends in the variable data had been properly noted and analyzed for each

individual model, it was clear that the next logical step was to generate graphs which

would show which model faired the most favorably under each variable category. An

additional benefit from creating a series of model comparison graphs would be to

collectively see which models fell within the sea keeping and sea sickness criteria and

which models didn’t. It was decided that a new code needed to be created which would

compare each models’ performance over one fixed variable within a given Beaufort

level, all on one graph. The coding preparation was quite more extensive than before as

it required data to be extracted from three sources instead of one. Additional problems

arose as it became evident that three times as many bars than before would have to

appear on the graph. With the use of the Matplotlib library, a graphing sample code

which tailored to the specific needs of this experiment was able to be located and

modified to successfully plot a comparison curve which analyzed all three models over a

fixed variable. Once the code had been appropriately polished and was running

smoothly, the time it took to generate the appropriate graphs was extremely short and

again eliminated any human error which would reside from manually creating each

graph individually. With slight modification, this code will be able to similar comparison

tests which occur regularly at IOT, saving both considerable time and energy. Refer to

Appendix B for copy of code.

3.4 Safety

Criteria

As well as movement and rotation comparisons, it was also important to see which

models individually met the safety and sea keeping criteria and which didn’t. The

selected sea keeping and sea sickness standards are as follows: the roll and pitch of a

lifesaving craft must have an average angular rotation of less than 5 and 10

respectively to satisfy the sea keeping standards. The roll and pitch must also be less

than 8º and 3º respectively in order to satisfy the sea sickness criteria. The injury criteria

is unique for each model and trial run. “This value is calculated by utilizing square root

sum of squares equation as follows :

2 2 2                        z z y y x x G g G g G g

where the g

g

and g

are concurrent accelerations in the x, y, and z axes and G

, G

and G

are the allowable

accelerations for the emergency condition.” (Simões Ré) 2008. In this case the g

accelerations have a set value of 18, 7 and 7 respectively. The g values were obtained

individually by referring to the acceleration graphs for each run down the tank that was

done by the model, and using the peak acceleration value that was recorded on each

axis.

3.5 Graphic Analysis 2

Upon comparison of the 1:13 scale lifeboats, it was clear that there were some models

that had a much smoother performance than others. For all tested wave magnitudes,

the Free Fall model experienced the most pitch in head and following seas and the

zigzag line of motion, the conventional model displayed the most pitch along the bow

and stern. It should be noted as well that all boats exceeded the sea sickness criteria of

3 degrees and all fell within the 10degree sea keeping limit. Similar patterns can be

seen with the roll. The Free Fall model displayed the most roll in the head and following

seas while falling within both the sea keeping and sea sickness criteria, while the

conventional model showed the most roll while traversing the waves diagonally. In the

zigzag motion, the Madrock model had the least amount of roll and was the only model

to fall within the sea keeping criteria. Below is a graph showing the roll comparison of all

three models under Beaufort 7 wave conditions:

Figure 3 Model comparison graph

4.0 GEOMETRICAL EXPLANATION

When investigating the case of the findings that were concluded upon observation of the

comparison graphs, it was evident that most of the trends could be explained by

considering the geometrical shape on the models under assessment. When observing

the conventional lifeboat model, several distinct characteristics were believed to

contribute to the boats performance. The conventional model was built with a very

broad, wide hull, which would be a clear explanation for the increased levels of surge

and sway which the boat experienced at the various Beaufort levels. The wide hull also

displaces more water than the other two models which would explain why the heave

and yaw is generally lower than the other two designs.

Figure 4. Image of the Conventional lifeboat model

The Free Fall model has a slender hull and a pointed bow intended for cutting through

waves which explain the high level of roll and pitch the boat experiences in both head

and following seas. As the name states, this boat is intended to be dropped (i.e. Free

Fall) from a platform onto crashing waves while keeping the occupants safe. While the

sleek design allows a lower initial impact into the water than other models, a smooth sail

away is inevitably compromised.

Figure 5. Image of the Free Fall lifeboat model

Image of the Free Fall lifeboat model used in the trials.

Conventional Lifeboat 1:13 Model

Figure 6. Image of the MadRock lifeboat model

5.0 OVERVIEW

Upon evaluation of the injury criteria for each individual run, there were several

instances where the Free Fall and Conventional models received a value slightly higher

than 1 when the appropriate accelerations were inputed into the square root sum of

squares (SRSS) equation. This indicates that over extended periods of time, members

within the vessel could experience injuries due to the motion of the boat especially

under strong wave conditions. The MadRock model, however, was the only design to

generate a value between zero and one for all trials that were done, indicating a much

more desirable outcome. The pitch is an area of concern amongst all models as is was

shown to far exceed the sea sickness criteria, therefore if further improvements on the

design are not feasible then appropriate accommodations of the lifeboat should be

made to anticipate any sea sickness that the passengers will feel while on the boat.

Some obvious patches to this problem would be to implement motion sickness

receptacles in the lifeboat as well and offering the passengers some medication to help

suppress the effects of the turbulence. The sea keeping criteria for roll was also

exceeded by the Conventional and Free Fall models in several instances while

evaluating the pitch which indicates an overall inadequate performance under the given

wave conditions. The MadRock model was the exception once again, constantly

showing a roll rotation that always fell well within the given sea keeping criteria. By

interpreting the comparison graphs, and analyzing the collected data, important

conclusions were able to be made regarding the survivability and performance of the

three lifeboats under consideration.

MadRock lifeboat model shown on the left.

6.0 CONCLUSION

Several key improvements will have to be made to the other two models as they were

shown to give an unsettling and even unsafe degree of motion especially in the more

aggressive waves. By utilizing the broad hull of the conventional model to reduce both

heave and yaw, while retaining the more narrow, pointed bow of the Free Fall model to

reduce surge and sway, the Madrock lifeboat was concluded to satisfy the injury and

sea keeping criteria in both the pitch and roll categories while offering the most safe and

comfortable performance of the three lifeboats under the various wind and wave

conditions.

7.0 REFERENCES

1) Simões Ré, Antonio. Veitch, Brian. 2002. Systematic Experimental Evaluation of

Lifeboat Evacuation Performance in a Range of Environmental Conditions. Phase 1-

Volume 1

2) Simões Ré, Antonio. Veitch, Brian. and MacKinnon, Scott. 2008. Lifeboats:

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Environmental Conditions on Technical

and Human Performance.

3) Simões Ré, A., Veitch, B., and Pelley, D. 2002. Systematic investigation of lifeboat

evacuation performance. Vol. 110, p 20.

APPENDIX A

Appendix A

: Code that was made to generate individual life boat analysis.

from glob import glob

from numpy import zeros,array from pylab import *

csvfiles = glob("Z:\\Andrew\\TT_Mar04\\csv\\*.csv")

#Extracts all csv files from specified location

datalines = (8,9,10,14,15,20,21,22,34,35,36,40,41,46,47,\

48,60,61,62,66,67,72,73,74,86,87,88,92,93,98,\ 99,100,112,113,114,118,119,124,125,126)

for file in csvfiles:

print file

# Loops through select csv files

f = open(file) count = 0

data = zeros((40,6)) titles = []

for num,line in enumerate(f.xreadlines()): if num+1 in datalines:

data[count,:] = array(line[:-1].split(',')[1:])

# Splits and sections data into arrays

count+=1

if num+1 in (1,27,53,79,105): titles.append(line[:3])

print data

for row in xrange(data.shape[0]):

if row<8:

ti = titles[0]

subnum = row

elif row>7 and row<16:

# Places sectioned data into cooresponding chart

ti = titles[1]

subnum = row-8

elif row>15 and row<24:

ti = titles[2]

subnum = row-16

elif row>23 and row<32:

ti = titles[3] subnum = row-24 elif row>31: ti = titles[4] subnum = row-32 if subnum==0: labx = "Roll RMS"

#Assigns variable name

elif subnum==1:

labx = "Pitch RMS"

elif subnum==2:

elif subnum==6: labx = "Sway RMS" elif subnum==7: labx = "Heave RMS" y = (data[row][0],data[row][1],(data[row][2]+data[row][3])/2.,(data[row][4] +data[row][5])/2.) print ti,data[row][2],data[row][3] fig = figure() graph = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) graph.bar(range(4),y,linewidth=1.0, facecolor='#ff0000', align='center', ecolor='black') # Assigns bar color

graph.set_xticklabels(('','Head','','Following','','BowQ Average','','Stern Average',''),fontsize=9) ylabel(labx) title("%s" % ti) grid(True) savefig("%s-%s-%s.png" % (file[:-4],ti,subnum+1)) clf() f.close()

APPENDIX B

Appendix B

: Code that was made to compare the lifeboats’ data.

from glob import glob

from numpy import zeros,array,arange from pylab import *

csvfiles = glob("C:\\Documents and

Settings\\AppletonS\\Desktop\\steve\\Model Comparison Graphs\\*.csv")

# Get a list of CSV files in directory

datalines = (8,9,10,14,15,20,21,22,34,35,36,40,41,46,47,\

48,60,61,62,66,67,72,73,74,86,87,88,92,93,98,\ 99,100,112,113,114,118,119,124,125,126)

# Important row numbers

hold = [0,0,0]

# Holder for our extracted data

thold = [0,0,0]

# Holder for extracted titles (different beauford settings)

def autolabel(rects):

# Function for taking values and placing on graph

for rect in rects:

height = rect.get_height()

text(rect.get_x()+rect.get_width()/2., 1.05*height, '%.2f'%float(height),

ha='center', va='bottom',fontsize='small') for filenum,file in enumerate(csvfiles):

#loops through select csv files

print file

f = open(file) count = 0

data = zeros((40,6)) titles = []

for num,line in enumerate(f.xreadlines()): if num+1 in datalines:

data[count,:] = array(line[:-1].split(',')[1:7])

#Takes the first 6 column values, skipping the title

count+=1

if num+1 in (1,27,53,79,105):

# extracts title rows

titles.append(line[:3]) thold[filenum] = titles

hold[filenum] = data f.close()

for bfnum,bfsetting in enumerate(thold[1]):

# Creats 3 sets of arrays with values from each model that need to be plotted

rows =

(hold[0][bfnum*8:(bfnum+1)*8,:],hold[1][bfnum*8:(bfnum+1)*8,:],hold[2][ bfnum*8:(bfnum+1)*8,:])

labels = ("Roll RMS","Pitch RMS","Yaw RMS","Roll Rate RMS","Pitch Rate RMS","Surge RMS","Sway RMS","Heave RMS") # Lables the graphs accordingly

print

bfsetting,labels[current],rows[0][current],rows[1][current],rows[2][cur rent]

ind = array([0,1,2,3])

#Arranges spacing of bars

width = 0.2 ax = subplot(111) rects1 = bar(ind,(rows[0][current][0],rows[0][current][1],(rows[0][current][2]+r ows[0][current][3])/2.,(rows[0][current][4]+rows[0][current][5])/2.),wi dth, color='#00ff00') rects2 = bar(ind+width,(rows[1][current][0],rows[1][current][1],(rows[1][current ][2]+rows[1][current][3])/2.,(rows[1][current][4]+rows[1][current][5])/ 2.),width, color='#ff0000') rects3 = bar(ind+2*width,(rows[2][current][0],rows[2][current][1],(rows[2][curre nt][2]+rows[2][current][3])/2.,(rows[2][current][4]+rows[2][current][5] )/2.),width, color='#ffff00') ylabel(labels[current]) title(bfsetting)

xticks(ind+2*width,('Head', 'Following', 'BowQ Average', 'SternQ Average')) #Lables on x-axis

leg = legend((rects1[0], rects2[0],

rects3[0]),('C','F','M'),fancybox=True,) #Function creating legend

leg.get_frame().set_alpha(0.15) ltext = leg.get_texts() setp(ltext,fontsize='small') autolabel(rects1) autolabel(rects2) autolabel(rects3) savefig("%s - %s.png" % (bfsetting,labels[current])) clf()

APPENDIX C:

Appendix C

: Data collected from 1:13 scale Conventional lifeboat tests

BF7

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 42.94 20.92 31.58 33.56 18.62 20.22 32.57 19.42 Xmin 0 -18860 0 0 -11025.5625 -11025.5625 0 -11025.6 Xmax 29661.13 0 13609.9189 13609.9189 0 0 13609.92 0 Ymin -390.778 -5.9579 -17694.986 -17694.9863 -9753.2471 -9753.2471 -17695 -9753.25 Ymax 238.9274 888.9504 0 0 0.6111 0.6111 0 0.6111 Roll_rms 1.2437 2.0227 8.645 11.968 6.8525 12.8975 10.3065 9.875 Pitch_rms 7.1432 6.4955 5.8688 8.2118 5.0238 8.2659 7.0403 6.64485 Yaw_rms 2.9024 174.486 44.8182 104.637 128.9839 88.3897 74.7276 108.6868 Roll_stdev 1.2048 1.8359 7.4592 10.4867 6.2678 10.2533 8.97295 8.26055 Pitch_stdev 7.0283 6.3082 5.1631 7.5696 4.4379 6.0787 6.36635 5.2583 Yaw_stdev 2.5658 174.5688 11.2106 88.9248 27.2677 88.2277 50.0677 57.7477 Roll_Rate_rms 19.2223 20.0466 20.6755 25.1573 27.626 19.232 22.9164 23.429 Pitch_Rate_rms 18.2657 18.3365 38.72 33.0029 27.4803 29.6393 35.86145 28.5598 Yaw_Rate_rms 36.0047 25.1142 26.0337 28.2524 22.1029 20.103 27.14305 21.10295 Roll_Rate_stdev 3.3392 7.5493 11.0077 10.3173 14.3174 11.8768 10.6625 13.0971 Pitch_Rate_stdev 5.9974 8.0993 35.3785 29.6362 21.4925 24.6898 32.50735 23.09115 Yaw_Rate_stdev 29.3678 15.2538 17.9019 20.9933 12.9201 10.3489 19.4476 11.6345 Surge_rms 0.066 0.0652 0.0671 0.0702 0.0698 0.07 0.06865 0.0699 Sway_rms 0.2038 0.2003 0.2141 0.1987 0.2361 0.1908 0.2064 0.21345 Heave_rms 0.9192 0.9016 0.9179 0.9183 0.8946 0.9118 0.9181 0.9032 Surge_stdev 0.0122 0.0125 0.0096 0.011 0.0115 0.0113 0.0103 0.0114 Sway_stdev 0.013 0.0249 0.0442 0.0397 0.047 0.0417 0.04195 0.04435 Heave_stdev 0.1828 0.0704 0.1591 0.1574 0.0877 0.0892 0.15825 0.08845 BF8

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 47.16 20.38 33.02 26.3 17.08 13.48 29.66 15.28 Xmin 0 -19084.1 0 0 -9716.1992 -9716.1992 0 -9716.2 Xmax 31009.12 0 12098.4258 12098.4258 0 0 12098.43 0 Ymin -205.93 -336.393 -18671.777 -18671.7773 -8231.9951 -8231.9951 -18671.8 -8232 Ymax 112.8947 337.9203 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 1.6651 2.7484 9.4979 12.7975 8.4419 14.8622 11.1477 11.65205 Pitch_rms 8.2959 8.1407 6.5706 9.4959 6.6833 9.2623 8.03325 7.9728 Yaw_rms 2.0008 174.0396 45.1101 123.0934 133.4016 56.1507 84.10175 94.77615 Roll_stdev 1.6595 2.7376 7.9527 9.9374 7.1111 7.5399 8.94505 7.3255 Pitch_stdev 8.2973 8.1447 5.8074 7.8344 6.0398 4.5214 6.8209 5.2806 Yaw_stdev 1.9899 153.8357 9.7877 82.0738 10.9125 7.7601 45.93075 9.3363 Roll_Rate_rms 21.5182 20.2356 19.0167 23.5932 29.0995 20.5485 21.30495 24.824 Pitch_Rate_rms 20.108 21.9029 39.9988 34.3905 45.1629 31.0584 37.19465 38.11065

Sway_rms 0.179 0.1723 0.3528 0.3274 0.3724 0.3172 0.3401 0.3448 Heave_rms 0.8111 0.784 1.0744 1.0599 1.0585 1.0554 1.06715 1.05695 Surge_stdev 0.0117 0.0173 0.0089 0.0112 0.0125 0.0102 0.01005 0.01135 Sway_stdev 0.0172 0.0352 0.053 0.0459 0.0705 0.0489 0.04945 0.0597 Heave_stdev 0.2004 0.1071 0.1777 0.1791 0.1169 0.1125 0.1784 0.1147 BF9

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 30.76 37.76 32.88 25.3 18.44 12.08 29.09 15.26 Xmin 0 -34452.2 -1.6757 -1.6757 -10892.1426 -10892.1426 -1.6757 -10892.1 Xmax 20752.03 0 11578.9561 11578.9561 0 0 11578.96 0 Ymin -327.227 -525.06 -16666.102 -16666.1016 -8292.4902 -8292.4902 -16666.1 -8292.49 Ymax 187.1394 141.6149 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 3.194 4.3494 9.4471 13.9188 8.3063 12.6169 11.68295 10.4616 Pitch_rms 7.898 7.5501 6.5196 9.6595 6.2269 7.7242 8.08955 6.97555 Yaw_rms 2.8365 173.8833 38.9193 138.0046 133.7872 100.1421 88.46195 116.9647 Roll_stdev 3.1935 4.3481 7.9796 8.1913 7.4892 12.4191 8.08545 9.95415 Pitch_stdev 7.8998 7.552 5.9033 6.8343 5.4215 7.0288 6.3688 6.22515 Yaw_stdev 2.8346 171.5924 10.9841 52.9038 12.2046 87.9896 31.94395 50.0971 Roll_Rate_rms 20.3464 23.5295 20.0501 24.3756 27.1047 18.9124 22.21285 23.00855 Pitch_Rate_rms 31.7896 35.4891 50.4228 37.3745 43.5029 36.087 43.89865 39.79495 Yaw_Rate_rms 38.1261 32.7775 33.6474 34.5155 31.9113 30.8251 34.08145 31.3682 Roll_Rate_stdev 6.6964 13.2371 12.9644 10.942 16.0357 14.4925 11.9532 15.2641 Pitch_Rate_stdev 24.3637 29.6407 46.3787 32.5966 37.135 31.4117 39.48765 34.27335 Yaw_Rate_stdev 25.6195 17.1477 19.8428 23.4041 19.0331 15.9248 21.62345 17.47895 Surge_rms 0.0715 0.0722 0.0185 0.0215 0.0197 0.0152 0.02 0.01745 Sway_rms 0.1511 0.1601 0.241 0.2163 0.2623 0.199 0.22865 0.23065 Heave_rms 1.1192 1.1067 0.8728 0.8687 0.8753 0.859 0.87075 0.86715 Surge_stdev 0.0129 0.0166 0.0108 0.0121 0.0128 0.0099 0.01145 0.01135 Sway_stdev 0.0378 0.0551 0.0713 0.0507 0.0635 0.0524 0.061 0.05795 Heave_stdev 0.1884 0.0956 0.1647 0.1706 0.1311 0.1282 0.16765 0.12965

APPENDIX D

Appendix D

: Data collected from 1:13 scale Free Fall lifeboat tests

BF5

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 42.38 27.18 13.22 30.32 16.58 16.1 21.77 16.34 Xmin 0 -23949.4 0 0 -6657.5405 -6657.5405 0 -6657.54 Xmax 29829.61 0 7083.2695 7083.2695 0 0 7083.27 0 Ymin -212.651 -4.583 -6406.2783 -6406.2783 -9135.3057 -9135.3057 -6406.28 -9135.31 Ymax 145.5868 824.7883 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 3.0051 2.02 7.3619 7.6829 15.2602 20.7498 7.5224 18.005 Pitch_rms 5.9382 3.6662 4.587 5.5819 3.2733 2.4567 5.08445 2.865 Yaw_rms 3.3627 177.5001 39.034 33.4383 127.6538 115.1953 36.23615 121.4246 Roll_stdev 2.971 1.9332 7.289 7.5181 12.5484 13.7454 7.40355 13.1469 Pitch_stdev 5.9131 3.6401 4.5783 5.5745 3.171 2.3882 5.0764 2.7796 Yaw_stdev 2.7724 177.4805 11.1472 8.256 13.9517 13.9436 9.7016 13.94765 Roll_Rate_rms 4.1329 5.5013 15.5496 15.2366 18.1886 11.9505 15.3931 15.06955 Pitch_Rate_rms 6.174 9.0757 41.0641 42.3049 48.4451 55.5189 41.6845 51.982 Yaw_Rate_rms 45.0601 10.6091 29.6628 35.8289 14.7596 11.9374 32.74585 13.3485 Roll_Rate_stdev 2.5065 3.5791 15.497 13.6497 15.4406 11.5752 14.57335 13.5079 Pitch_Rate_stdev 6.0636 8.9416 40.9665 42.3154 48.3463 55.5368 41.64095 51.94155 Yaw_Rate_stdev 45.0201 10.4171 29.6159 35.7902 14.2539 11.4955 32.70305 12.8747 Surge_rms 0.0315 0.0138 0.023 0.0201 0.018 0.0156 0.02155 0.0168 Sway_rms 0.0273 0.0391 0.1699 0.1709 0.1752 0.1968 0.1704 0.186 Heave_rms 1.0476 1.0232 1.0298 1.0358 1.0208 1.0179 1.0328 1.01935 Surge_stdev 0.023 0.0125 0.021 0.0181 0.0165 0.0128 0.01955 0.01465 Sway_stdev 0.026 0.0389 0.1699 0.1703 0.1704 0.1897 0.1701 0.18005 Heave_stdev 0.1946 0.0325 0.154 0.1819 0.0682 0.0892 0.16795 0.0787 BF7

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 55.16 30.58 17.68 27.38 18.12 15.02 22.53 16.57 Xmin 0 -29945.1 -3.9717 -3.9717 -12146.7041 -12146.7041 -3.9717 -12146.7 Xmax 39071.93 0 10463.7568 10463.7568 0 0 10463.76 0 Ymin -46.8994 -1351.38 -7750.1685 -7750.1685 -9679.3086 -9679.3086 -7750.17 -9679.31 Ymax 503.3668 181.3343 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 3.2866 4.9732 4.0675 4.1444 10.0006 10.1997 4.10595 10.10015 Pitch_rms 7.8188 6.6348 4.8004 7.3452 5.0059 4.6745 6.0728 4.8402 Yaw_rms 4.903 172.8026 29.4315 27.2153 137.7899 135.5717 28.3234 136.6808 Roll_stdev 3.2768 4.6506 3.9933 3.9523 9.5677 10.0703 3.9728 9.819 Pitch_stdev 7.8193 6.6364 4.737 7.3266 4.9934 4.6583 6.0318 4.82585 Yaw_stdev 4.5606 155.1759 6.1598 4.9568 17.3145 15.6578 5.5583 16.48615 Roll_Rate_rms 6.5918 9.6009 9.426 8.1114 16.1348 16.6918 8.7687 16.4133 Pitch_Rate_rms 14.2745 12.3377 18.2594 14.4369 25.1506 22.4705 16.34815 23.81055 Yaw_Rate_rms 33.864 15.226 28.3362 29.6445 13.1189 11.7542 28.99035 12.43655 Roll_Rate_stdev 6.2573 8.7842 9.4233 7.7307 13.2326 16.6613 8.577 14.94695 Pitch_Rate_stdev 14.1481 12.1905 18.0554 14.4421 24.6992 22.3261 16.24875 23.51265 Yaw_Rate_stdev 33.8364 15.0748 28.3466 29.6187 13.0351 10.6296 28.98265 11.83235 Surge_rms 0.0202 0.0179 0.0173 0.0168 0.0178 0.0186 0.01705 0.0182 Sway_rms 0.0577 0.0747 0.0601 0.0611 0.1165 0.1221 0.0606 0.1193 Heave_rms 1.0559 1.0358 1.0427 1.0388 1.0287 1.0427 1.04075 1.0357

Surge_stdev 0.0189 0.0176 0.0161 0.0168 0.0168 0.0151 0.01645 0.01595 Sway_stdev 0.0577 0.0743 0.0541 0.0542 0.1059 0.1206 0.05415 0.11325 Heave_stdev 0.2117 0.0756 0.1984 0.2 0.0954 0.0991 0.1992 0.09725

BF8

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 32.54 16.76 19.58 25.56 8.56 3.64 22.57 6.1 Xmin 0 -19015 -65.5346 -65.5346 -6200.2197 -6200.2197 -65.5346 -6200.22 Xmax 22646.95 0 9054.2285 9054.2285 0 0 9054.229 0 Ymin -104.187 -200.125 -8878.0459 -8878.0459 -5402.7529 -5402.7529 -8878.05 -5402.75 Ymax 297.7426 283.9937 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 2.5518 5.2012 6.4296 4.5536 12.871 12.2327 5.4916 12.55185 Pitch_rms 8.4811 8.6162 6.2649 7.5784 4.5785 5.8576 6.92165 5.21805 Yaw_rms 3.7097 176.4675 31.3162 29.5287 132.4299 131.6272 30.42245 132.0286 Roll_stdev 2.5387 5.1413 6.2869 4.3593 9.7408 12.0495 5.3231 10.89515 Pitch_stdev 8.4518 8.5985 6.2216 7.5567 4.5651 5.8725 6.88915 5.2188 Yaw_stdev 3.6857 147.8599 9.6572 6.2181 8.8455 10.5285 7.93765 9.687 Roll_Rate_rms 5.0367 5.572 11.7813 11.4335 13.7622 12.7339 11.6074 13.24805 Pitch_Rate_rms 7.3697 17.885 25.5612 16.6996 29.0509 25.955 21.1304 27.50295 Yaw_Rate_rms 28.9138 15.9468 23.6932 25.082 12.4583 10.0436 24.3876 11.25095 Roll_Rate_stdev 5.0092 5.0727 11.7185 9.2159 12.825 11.149 10.4672 11.987 Pitch_Rate_stdev 7.1535 17.8671 25.3294 16.6571 28.5756 24.8538 20.99325 26.7147 Yaw_Rate_stdev 28.9172 15.9512 23.6528 25.058 12.4623 10.0622 24.3554 11.26225 Surge_rms 0.0187 0.0204 0.0178 0.0199 0.0267 0.0234 0.01885 0.02505 Sway_rms 0.0403 0.0808 0.0965 0.0818 0.159 0.1603 0.08915 0.15965 Heave_rms 1.0548 1.0403 1.0336 1.0654 1.0206 1.0084 1.0495 1.0145 Surge_stdev 0.0168 0.0193 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.0125 0.0175 0.01675 Sway_stdev 0.0359 0.0799 0.0873 0.068 0.1324 0.1427 0.07765 0.13755 Heave_stdev 0.2054 0.0922 0.1935 0.1936 0.1074 0.1148 0.19355 0.1111 BF9

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 45.14 19.92 13.3 16.34 0 0 14.82 0 Xmin 0 -22546.7 -171.136 -171.136 0 0 -171.136 0 Xmax 31060.4 0 8340.78 8340.78 0 0 8340.78 0 Ymin -652.773 -501.075 -5688.73 -5688.73 0 0 -5688.73 0 Ymax 16.9571 334.407 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 4.1376 5.50815 5.81679 5.56314 0 0 5.689965 0 Pitch_rms 8.42802 7.57274 5.84416 7.81344 0 0 6.8288 0 Yaw_rms 4.62328 174.496 27.847 23.0066 0 0 25.4268 0 Roll_stdev 4.13048 4.45531 5.8049 4.7171 0 0 5.261 0 Pitch_stdev 8.39871 7.53025 5.83449 7.81694 0 0 6.825715 0 Yaw_stdev 4.62232 133.933 6.96135 6.73235 0 0 6.84685 0 Roll_Rate_rms 7.45485 5.24309 10.3939 12.3843 0 0 11.3891 0 Pitch_Rate_rms 20.3207 16.0664 26.293 20.4373 0 0 23.36515 0

Sway_rms 0.085429 0.07871 0.104583 0.104343 0 0 0.104463 0

Heave_rms 1.05757 1.00729 1.03478 1.05041 0 0 1.042595 0

Surge_stdev 0.023148 0.017319 0.0163854 0.0196106 0 0 0.017998 0 Sway_stdev 0.083841 0.072528 0.099394 0.0940743 0 0 0.096734 0 Heave_stdev 0.22234 0.088625 0.163444 0.199992 0 0 0.181718 0

APPENDIX E:

Appendix E

: Data collected from 1:13 scale MadRock lifeboat tests.

BF5

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 43.44 23.36 22.04 22.92 17.26 14.22 22.48 15.74 Xmin 0 -20007.9 0 0 -9966.4922 -9966.4922 0 -9966.49 Xmax 30106.57 0 12394.5498 12394.5498 0 0 12394.55 0 Ymin 0 -263.828 -9450.3105 -9450.3105 -8766.374 -8766.374 -9450.31 -8766.37 Ymax 382.3755 196.7637 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 1.2744 0.9696 6.5168 5.6597 4.5588 4.2115 6.08825 4.38515 Pitch_rms 6.4705 3.4679 5.3848 5.1894 3.5757 3.4661 5.2871 3.5209 Yaw_rms 3.9583 175.1712 32.6039 36.3852 136.7235 143.8679 34.49455 140.2957 Roll_stdev 1.2708 0.7433 5.7445 5.6402 4.2076 4.1495 5.69235 4.17855 Pitch_stdev 6.4694 3.434 5.2022 5.1772 3.5248 3.4376 5.1897 3.4812 Yaw_stdev 3.8319 168.8349 5.5844 4.4589 9.9056 13.9528 5.02165 11.9292 Roll_Rate_rms 29.6366 29.9291 29.6093 33.2392 37.1704 29.5267 31.42425 33.34855 Pitch_Rate_rms 14.7505 12.59 37.192 37.5518 20.2728 17.9388 37.3719 19.1058 Yaw_Rate_rms 49.9766 25.8139 40.3303 42.0215 26.7892 28.5117 41.1759 27.65045 Roll_Rate_stdev 7.5882 5.503 10.5279 11.111 16.0701 17.2159 10.81945 16.643 Pitch_Rate_stdev 8.6683 4.3587 35.9653 36.9687 17.3805 16.4806 36.467 16.93055 Yaw_Rate_stdev 44.4079 10.6515 31.996 34.482 12.772 12.7144 33.239 12.7432 Surge_rms 0.0256 0.0148 0.0184 0.019 0.0125 0.0125 0.0187 0.0125 Sway_rms 0.0644 0.0622 0.0727 0.0754 0.082 0.0751 0.07405 0.07855 Heave_rms 1.0008 0.9793 0.9945 0.9971 0.9744 0.9808 0.9958 0.9776 Surge_stdev 0.0244 0.0128 0.0181 0.0184 0.012 0.0121 0.01825 0.01205 Sway_stdev 0.0273 0.0242 0.0419 0.0522 0.0526 0.0502 0.04705 0.0514 Heave_stdev 0.1857 0.0244 0.1661 0.165 0.0467 0.0453 0.16555 0.046 BF7

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 14.64 24.36 23.26 18.78 13.52 12.18 21.02 12.85 Xmin 0 -23573.4 -98.7054 -98.7054 -7570.0376 -7570.0376 -98.7054 -7570.04 Xmax 9704.53 0 11417.7217 11417.7217 0 0 11417.72 0 Ymin -278.8 -248.093 -9960.7051 -9960.7051 -7285.4517 -7285.4517 -9960.71 -7285.45 Ymax 80.2026 486.7152 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 1.0189 1.2437 5.5029 5.6805 6.6703 6.3204 5.5917 6.49535 Pitch_rms 7.3767 6.7769 6.3735 6.4148 5.0163 5.1237 6.39415 5.07 Yaw_rms 3.5013 174.8576 33.1809 37.4929 129.9816 137.9005 35.3369 133.9411 Roll_stdev 1.0196 1.1459 4.9428 5.6801 6.5398 6.3214 5.31145 6.4306 Pitch_stdev 7.3759 6.7796 6.2641 6.4109 4.996 5.1232 6.3375 5.0596 Yaw_stdev 3.4705 165.5891 6.7764 4.5246 10.2601 11.2053 5.6505 10.7327 Roll_Rate_rms 30.8594 31.399 31.5813 34.1904 37.6704 29.9341 32.88585 33.80225 Pitch_Rate_rms 10.4177 11.1622 24.1939 24.5387 23.0197 19.3706 24.3663 21.19515 Yaw_Rate_rms 35.5463 29.017 33.5721 34.4824 28.9334 30.0672 34.02725 29.5003 Roll_Rate_stdev 4.7352 7.3452 11.6938 11.0281 14.5564 14.8959 11.36095 14.72615 Pitch_Rate_stdev 6.0431 7.7355 22.4129 23.7557 21.2008 17.9846 23.0843 19.5927 Yaw_Rate_stdev 25.6991 15.166 23.329 24.1482 12.5627 14.0094 23.7386 13.28605 Surge_rms 0.0117 0.0162 0.0119 0.0124 0.0134 0.0137 0.01215 0.01355 Sway_rms 0.0589 0.0598 0.068 0.0603 0.0874 0.0699 0.06415 0.07865 Heave_rms 0.9998 0.9886 0.9986 0.9979 0.9857 0.9934 0.99825 0.98955

Surge_stdev 0.0109 0.0149 0.0116 0.0116 0.0125 0.0132 0.0116 0.01285 Sway_stdev 0.0282 0.0296 0.0361 0.0369 0.0535 0.0521 0.0365 0.0528 Heave_stdev 0.1783 0.0704 0.1709 0.1675 0.0904 0.0868 0.1692 0.0886

BF8

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 20.58 24.1 18.16 24.34 12.72 12.94 21.25 12.83 Xmin 0 -23709.2 0 0 -9109.8457 -9109.8457 0 -9109.85 Xmax 13878.94 0 8477.6807 8477.6807 0 0 8477.681 0 Ymin -156.128 -612.901 -9502.71 -9502.71 -6750.0034 -6750.0034 -9502.71 -6750 Ymax 110.6032 77.4528 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 1.6963 1.8445 5.613 5.2279 7.0154 7.8647 5.42045 7.44005 Pitch_rms 7.6337 7.3288 6.8871 6.6234 5.5426 5.3155 6.75525 5.42905 Yaw_rms 3.0598 173.7706 38.7053 38.7749 130.3474 132.7943 38.7401 131.5709 Roll_stdev 1.6435 1.8379 5.2188 5.1958 6.8162 7.8572 5.2073 7.3367 Pitch_stdev 7.6324 7.3167 6.7596 6.6232 5.5361 5.3065 6.6914 5.4213 Yaw_stdev 3.0082 158.1105 10.0293 5.7499 9.6711 9.6021 7.8896 9.6366 Roll_Rate_rms 32.0311 33.2797 26.3707 31.8942 34.8487 31.7321 29.13245 33.2904 Pitch_Rate_rms 14.637 14.1353 19.9087 22.791 27.6959 31.674 21.34985 29.68495 Yaw_Rate_rms 34.3753 28.5945 32.1088 33.1463 28.9595 29.3041 32.62755 29.1318 Roll_Rate_stdev 6.015 10.5934 9.2836 9.2699 15.1979 14.5047 9.27675 14.8513 Pitch_Rate_stdev 11.6457 11.3446 19.818 22.7146 27.0182 31.6909 21.2663 29.35455 Yaw_Rate_stdev 24.7594 15.1892 21.6438 22.4761 14.9493 15.787 22.05995 15.36815 Surge_rms 0.0124 0.0165 0.0148 0.0149 0.0165 0.0161 0.01485 0.0163 Sway_rms 0.063 0.0661 0.0744 0.0565 0.0968 0.0738 0.06545 0.0853 Heave_rms 1.0123 0.9888 1.0241 1.0161 0.9725 0.9825 1.0201 0.9775 Surge_stdev 0.0113 0.0149 0.0145 0.0146 0.0164 0.016 0.01455 0.0162 Sway_stdev 0.0331 0.0392 0.037 0.0397 0.0606 0.0657 0.03835 0.06315 Heave_stdev 0.1863 0.084 0.1739 0.1705 0.1002 0.1105 0.1722 0.10535 BF9

Head Following BowQ port BowQ stbd SternQ port SternQ stbd BowQ AvgSternQ Avg

Run_Time 31.62 16.38 19.1 23.72 13.28 8.88 21.41 11.08 Xmin 0 -16518.3 0 0 -6150.27 -6150.27 0 -6150.27 Xmax 20187.19 0 7708.9712 7708.9712 0 0 7708.971 0 Ymin -120.533 -312.867 -9849.3379 -9849.3379 -7023.6089 -7023.6089 -9849.34 -7023.61 Ymax 234.6499 281.3965 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roll_rms 2.233 3.1157 6.8109 4.4076 7.8076 6.82 5.60925 7.3138 Pitch_rms 7.2564 7.5123 6.47 6.6633 5.4005 5.3427 6.56665 5.3716 Yaw_rms 4.6154 172.4498 41.7064 33.0056 122.7726 134.1569 37.356 128.4648 Roll_stdev 2.2288 3.1175 6.3374 4.4029 7.7977 6.6775 5.37015 7.2376 Pitch_stdev 7.2426 7.5076 6.3931 6.6615 5.3962 5.1964 6.5273 5.2963 Yaw_stdev 4.5447 172.0582 8.1093 6.2611 10.9161 12.4536 7.1852 11.68485 Roll_Rate_rms 31.1863 34.5919 32.665 34.0231 39.2858 25.9398 33.34405 32.6128 Pitch_Rate_rms 19.4594 19.8195 30.7734 22.6448 31.9544 26.4376 26.7091 29.196

Sway_rms 0.0677 0.0724 0.093 0.0623 0.0861 0.0716 0.07765 0.07885 Heave_rms 1.0067 0.9901 1.0188 1.0222 1.0018 0.984 1.0205 0.9929 Surge_stdev 0.0149 0.0182 0.0187 0.0146 0.0141 0.021 0.01665 0.01755 Sway_stdev 0.0444 0.0555 0.0633 0.0471 0.0575 0.0563 0.0552 0.0569 Heave_stdev 0.1779 0.0851 0.1735 0.17 0.1139 0.1187 0.17175 0.1163