Distro LIMITED
GAD/lBAR/NAIROBI
ECA!MULPOC/Lusaka/V/4/(ii) February 1982
Original: ENGLISH
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA Multinational Programming and Operational Centre (ECA/MULPOC) for Eastern and
Southern African States
Fifth Meeting of the Lusaka-based MULPOC Committee of Officials March 17-22 and Fifth Meeting of Council of Ministers
March 23-25, 1982
Lusaka, Republic of Zambia 17 - 25 March 1982
FIRST IB~R ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING FOR EASTER~NQ. SOUTHERN AFRICA,NAIROBI
KENYA 7 - ~ SEPTEMBER 1981
•
'ill' j
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10 The first lBAR Advisory Cammittee (lAC) fleeting for Eastern and Southern Africa was held in the IBAR Conference Room in Nairobi from the 7th to the 9th September, 19810
20 Of the 6 Member Countries of the lEAR Advisory Committee for Eastern and Southern Africa, (Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Zambia and Zimbabwe) 3 were representedo Botswana forwarded a letter regretting its absence, Zimbabwe despite its indication to be present did not show up at the last
m6~ent wh~le there was no official reaction to the lEAR invitation from Ethiopia to attend the meetingo The meeting was also attended by a number of UN bodies and other observerso T11e final list of participants is reproduced in Appendix Bo
30 The meeting was officially opened by Dro Po Atang, Director of lBAR, who represented the Secretary General of OAD, HoEo fvlro Edem I(odjo welconled the. participants to lBAR unct to NAIROBIo In his opening address Dro Atang reminded the meeting of the --eed to hold sub-regional meetings before the continental one, as recommended in the 1976 OAD Meeting on Animal Heal~h and Production held in Algierso In the next 3 days, he said, the consultants report on sub-~egional
cooperation in Animal Diseases Control ar~i Promotion of Animal Production in the Eastern and Southern Regions of Africa, will De studied and concrete decisions and recommendations rnadeo
Dro Atang stressing the importance of these regions of Africa as far as livestock is concerned stated these regions account
fo:~ 60% of the cattle population in Africao In addition to this
~ivestock Development is very.advanced in thesL regions and the rest of the countries of African South of the Sahara have a lot to learn from themo The full text of Dro Atang's statement is given in Appendix 20
40 The meeting then elected Mro 20 Owiro, Deputy Director of Livestock Development (Livestock Production) Kenya, by
acclamation as Chairman, Dr~ HeG~B. Chizyuka, Assistant Director of Research <Veterinary and Tsetse) Zambia was also elected
rapportellr0
50 The meeting considered and adopted the provisional agenda and time-table as reproduced in Appendix 10
6o~o The IBAR comments on the consultant Report on SUb-regional cooperation in Animal Gisease$ Control and Development of Animal Production started with DreAe Tall, Chief Animal Health Officer, presenting his reporto He regretted the absence at th~ meeting of the consul tantand the ECA!I'-"1ULPOC , Lusaka, representativ~s,
thus making i t difficult to make observations and seek
clarifications to certain items in the reporto However, Dro Tall, commended the effort of the consultant in producin~ the report in such a short period of consultancyo The full text of his comments can. be found
in
Appendix 3.ECA/MULPOC/Lusaka/V/4/Cii)
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6c2o Supplementing on Dro Tall~s comments Dro Atang stated that plans are well ahead to hold a meeting before the end of this year to discuss rinderpest eradicationo rhe OAU, FAO
and OlE will jointly organize this meeting and the 23 countries directly concerned with this disease will be invited to
participateo As a result of this, i t is hoped that funds will be requested to undertake the field operationso It is also hoped that during the rinderpest eradication campaign, CBPP will also be tackledc
Noting that the consultant did not mention Somalia in his report Dro Atang emphasized the need to include this country in all ~uch control/eradication campaigns taking into consideration the country's position and importance in livestock movements in the region
Referring to Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Dro Atang stressed the fact that different species of tsetse occur in a wide variety of ecological situation, and each has to be studied prior to selection of appropriate control techniqueso In
addition to this, adequate plans must be made on effective utilization of the land before embarking on heavy expenditures on controlling tsetseo On the whole~ Dr~ Atang felt that the report did not ·give Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control the emphasis i t deservedo The country reports on this subject were so brief that they w~re hardly usefulo
For the control of Foot and Mouth Disease, Dr,~ Atang cautioned that consideration be given to the vast and sometime uncontrolled movements of animal in some countries within the sub-regiono In countries with exotic (high producing) animals, recognised farms and settlements, vaccination could be undertaken with greater chances of successo
Finally while recognising the important role 'research
could play to increase Livestock Production, Dro Atang emphasized the fiel'd application of research. r,esults0 Research should be geared towards field application of results for increase
productiono
70 Mro K.O. Adeniji, Chief Animal Production Officer gave a brief history of the joint meetings by OAD/rBAR and ECA/fv1ULPOC, Lusaka where a decision to appoint a consultant was takeno He equally regretted the absence of the consultation and ECA/MULPOC, representatives. Nevertheless" he congratu.lated the consultant for producing the report on 18 countries with~n a short period of three monthso Mro Adeniji felt that a study of this magnitude should have been multidisplinary comprising of an Animal Health Expert, and Animal Husbandry Expert, and a Livestock Economisto
He further elaborated that on pasture development there should be an exchange of information from State Pasture Research Institutes within the sUbregiono On training he supported the consultants recommendation that a Livestock Production and Meat Training Centre be sited in Kenya and a slaughter house personnel/
meat inspectors training centre be sited in Lobatse, Botswanac
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He indicated that there was a project writeup by OAU!IBA'R and FAG on the two centres arid,that one of these projects has been introduced to SIDA, Dl-1.N'I'DA, EEC, UNCTAD and the African Development Bank for funding.
Mr. Adeniji was of the opinion that there would be no need for the establish~ent of a livestock statistical centre in
Zimbabwe as thi's is one of the functions already being cO,nvered by IBARo Moreover, the OAU/IBAR and FAO with the coop~ration of UNEP, intend to establish a data bank for indigenous breeds in
Africa~ The secretariat comment on Animal Production will be found in Appendix 4e
80 Comments on the Consu~tantOs ~eport from Committee Members and Representatives of UN ~gencieso
8010 Somalia
The d~legation fnom Somalia' congratulated the consultant on his r~port, ,but corrected the statistical data on the reporte He expressed the concern that the information given on the
country report for Somalia was too scanty, for example most of the available infrastructures on Animal Health and Production were no~~.~veF~~.9.,:tn ~.h:.~ .reporto Th~. delegat,ion 'su,g,qe~:tted-.. t.ha-t at least one of the centres proposed for the. sUbrngion,os,hou'ld.
be sited in Somaliao He solicited cooperation in tha control and-"eradicaticinof diseases in particular Rinderpest and C~pp
along the borders with r(enya and Ethiopia'o Somalia would'lioke to participate in border meetings with her beighbourso The full text of the comment will be found in Appendix 50
8020 Kenya
The delegation of Kenya also expressed similar concern over the scanty information and serious omissions on the country reporto The delegation pointed out t~~t t~e, major
diseases of economic importance are the FMD, Ticks and Tickborne diseases, Rinderpest, Rabies, Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis
(inclUding sleeping sickness) and CBPPo On Livestock Production there is great potential for meat and milk production. The
present limiting factors being animal disea~e~,mentionedabove which the Ministry of Livestock Development~s tacklingo Also among the limiting factors is lack of water in pastoral areaso This water problem is being tackled on national basiso Milk production is of priority as the country has already embarked on school milk feeding programmeo To boost this, the National AoI o Service is being expandede Livestock cen,sus is an
important factor when r)lanningfor Livesto,ck-Development and
in this respect the Ministry of Livestock Development has already drawn up plans to undertake this exercise as ,soon as fund~ are availableo The full text of the comment will be found in
Appendix 60
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8030 Zambia
T~e ~ele~atiori'of 'Z~mbia si~ilarly expressed ~oncern;on the scanty informat~on and§erious omissions on the country' '
reporto' FUrtherm6r~, the consult~nt failed to meet officials from the departments of Veterinary, Tsetse Control Services and Animal H~sbandry Section in the department of Agricu~ture,
and consequently, most 9£ his sources of information came from the N~tional Council for Scientific Research (NCSR) which is, not particularly involved in the livestock industryo The delegation ~xpressed ,the countryvs concern on the advance, spread ,of tsetse and trypanosomiasis along the Botswana and
Angolanbord~r~, the threat of CBPP from Angola and willingness to have joint interstate cooperation in the control and
eradic9~ionof.l.ivestock diseaseso The full text of the- comment will be' found-··,iR:~'·A;p.pendix 7-.
8040 Inter~ational O~iLan~sations
The delegation frofn U'NEP and FAO (Accr.,a. and Lusaka}-"'''~a'dcrressed
the meeting' o'n.:their respective project activ'iti,es for-the subregionQ. .They declared their willingness to coope'rate-- wi t'h OAU /IBAR and ECA!MULPOC in the execution of projects with'i,nthe subregionq
90 ,Fo.rmula-tion of Str_at~9,~~9 for the Implementation: 0'£:-the Consultant's R,ecommen9at~o!)s
The Comm~~fs of. the Secretariat and of the partic{pant were fully di.scussed and the Fornlulation of Strategies farot,he
Implementation 0.£ tl1.e ,Consultant~ s Recommendations were' arrive'd at as follows:
9010 Animal Disease Control0*- . . . .
90 101 For: the cO,ntrol of contagious disease the com,mittee agrJ2ed, that i t is important t'o include Sornalia- in this s~b-region'o, 'The'o:,-:...'
cornmitteethen proposed' that U9a'nda, !{enya, Ethiopia,Somalia and possibly SUdan, shoulcl adopt common strategies for tne ..
control of Ri-I1derpestand CBPP and that Angola and ·Zambia s/h.ou'l,d:.
have .a joint campaign :to control CBPP0 "
9
-1-02
The Co'mmi ttee en9_oJ;..s&~ both the Algiers, Botswan~-"and the Consul tant' s recomrnendation 'for the establishment of' ,a Regional Ticks and - Tickborne Diseases Centre in rVlal awi:oConsideration should also be given to establishing an additional centre ~n Muguga~ Kenyao~~
The Committ~eproposedthat before the £orm~tiori'of these Regionals Centres, National 'Governrnents should check an'd-:t_e,st acaricides befo.rethey 'are u:secl& The Comrnittee'fllrt:her'Poropos~
that countries should allocate enough fun'ds to·'ptl-rchase" acarcides and with the cooperation of UNEP monito£ the"development ~~ . resistanceo These functions "'Jill be take'nover by the Regional centres when they become functionale
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901o3 oThe Advisory Committee noted that the report did not give tsetse and trypanosoIT1iasis I.)ro·blem in the subregion the attention i t deserves0 The country-r'epo·rts also failed to indicate the magnitude of trypanosomiasiso They were inaccurate and in some instance so brief as to be uninformativeo
It is regretted that the consultant did not refer to the FAO Programme for the control of 'A~~ican Animal Trypanosomiasis and Related ','Develop"tnerit'
nor
di.cl"he' mention the recommendati"ons of the first, session of the Commission on African Anim~lTrypanosomiasiso
In view of the existing close cooperation between OAD and FAO the cammittee proposed tha-t GAD/lBAR on behalf of the
subregional states should ar)proach FAO to mount PAG 1\1ission/s to assemble and analyse available information on the ongoing projects, governmentsv priorities, financial capabilities, and training needs,o The missions will also identify and formulate projects' at the country level and advise on'the establishment of a regional trypanosomiasis control programmes and a subregional development supp'ort unito
The Committee fu~th~~2rQ2osed that this subregion
should give its full support to the FAO and WHO Programmes for the control of trypanosomiasis in Africao
The Committee further noted the omission of Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique and-Malawi in the identified areas of cooperation in the control of tsetse and trypanosomiasis and proposed their inclusiono
The Committee supported the use'of Tender System for aerial application of insecticides wherever feasible i~ the
transnat~onal programme areas infested with tsetse flies, and that environmenta1 man i'tq.r.;Lng shou,ld be undertaken before and after applica'tion with tJi1e COol)eration of U:f\JEP and other
interested bodieso
Finally, the committee noting that i t is unrealistic for Member States to establish factories for the manufacture of trypanocidal drugs ur9.~cl drug firtns to undertake more drug screening and look for new productso It appealed to donor Agencies to give their full supporto
9020 Vaccine Produ'c'tioll.
...
The Committee made the following proposals:
902o1 oThe two well established laboratories in Kenya and
Botswana should be encouraged to continue to produce Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine for the whole subregionso
90 2o2 oThe Veterinary investigation centre in Mozambique should be further strengthened and expanded with the assistance of the FAO ongoing project to produce Rabies vaccine for the subregiono Kabete, Kenya should also continue to play this roleo
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90203 Bacterial Vaccines for Diseases of international importance be produced in already established laboratories producing these vaccines (eGgo CBPP in Muguga and MogadishU), to satisfy th~ need of the subregionso Vaccines for diseases of national concern only should be produced locally when desiredo 9020 4 In future a sUb-regional standardisation Bureau be set UR to ensure strict control for quality to 'improve the standard
or
the potency and inocuity of vuccineso
9.30 List of Priorities on Activities of Animal Health
The Committee suggested the following list of priorities on acti vi ties concerning i\nirnal Diseases in the Sub-regiono
10 Disease Control and Eradication 2. Vaccine Production
30 Training of Personnel 40 Research
9040 Research
The Committee supported the proposal as contained on Page 3 of the Consultant's Report, with the exception of 2050
The Committee however1 proposed that facilities be made available for the field applicatlo~of existing and new research findingso
9050 Animal Production
90501 Th~ Committee agr~~~ that the ccver~ge on Livestock
Production in the Consultants report was insufficiento This bas been greatly supplemented by the proposals contained in the.
Secretariat comments on Animal Production (See Appendix 3)0 90 502 The Committee reguest§d OAD/rBAR to improve on its
methodology for obtaining accurate information regarding livestock census through the use of standardised simple questionnaireo
9.5.3 The Committee noting that in the prssent day African conditions, i t is not easy to apply AI in the field, however proposed that the AI centres in Kenya, Botswana 9nd Tanzania be further strengthened to serve not only the subregion but the continent of Africao
90 504 The Committee, noti£s with satisfaction the efforts made by the O]\.U/IBj\R and the FIl.O to establish a Regional Livestock Production and Meat Training Centre in Kenya and a Slaughter House personnel training centre in Botswana strongly urged··these organisations to make all efforts to ensure that these two
important centres are established and become functional as soon as possibleo
90505 The Committee proposed the identification of dominant
breeds of livestock in the sUbregion which should be genetically improved and used for upgrading the less productive stock or
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Page 7 even form the foundation stock.' of the national herd in some countries0 The commi ttee 9gr~ed that' this is an area where bilateral or multilateral cooperation could develop among
the states and which could b'e u"ridertakeh' in close
collabor~tion with FA9, UNEP and other international
organis'at-ibns'o .... ... .. ... "-,"."
9e506 oThe Committee note¢ the omission of the use of agro-by-products forltye~tock feeds and proposed the
intensification in its utilisation within the subregiono The Committee recognising the wor]c done by FAO in this field proposed that OAU/I~AR should consult this organisation for available
information to disseminate to Member Stateso The Committee further recognising the importance of the use of feedlots in finishing cattle; still expressed caution in proposing their wide scale useo
10. Dr. Ie Mann a UNEP Consultant gave an account of the work being carri~d out by FAD, UNEP and WHO 6n Echinococcosis/
Cysticercosis suiveillance, prevention and contralo The
committee expressing its satisfaction with what has been done, noted withinterest the 'tJillingness expressed by OAU to work with the other organisation on this matter urged lBAR to further discuss the matter with the Executive Director of UNEPo
The proposal for the establishment of a Zoonosis Centre in the Sub-region' was not fullydiscussedo This was because the WHO Regional Office and EC1\/IJIULPOC that jointly put up ·!the
proposal, were not present at the meeting to introduce ito
Discussing this topic in general, the committee recognis~
the need to set up such a centre in the sub-regiono The
committee was informed about the establishment of a FAO/UNEP/WHO Zoonoses Centre in Kenyao In supporting this, the committee urged GAD/lBAR and !v1ULPOC to work: out ways and means of
collaborating with these organisationso
1~o GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
1~o1o The Committee expressed concern on the absence of both the Consul tant and Representative of ECA/lVIULPOC at this rneeting0
1~G20 For similar exercise, in order to get an accurate and useful report the committee urged that in future,
A Multidisciplinary team should undertake such a task The OAD/rBAR should be contacted to assist in
forming such a team.
A longer period be given to cover the work so that most of the countries will be adequately coveredo Adequate arrangements be made with the Governments of Member States so that the correct type of
information is collectedo
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APPENDIX 1
~. DRAFT AGEr~DA-
lEAR ADVISORY COI~llvlITTEE FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
10
Opening of the Meeting 20 Election of Officers.30 Organisation of -Busi.nes.s.o.
4. ~~doption of Agenda.
S. Sec~~tariat Comment on Consultant Report on SUbregional Cooperation in Anirnal Disease Control and De-velop.ment
of Animal Productiono .
6. Advisory Committee Comment on Consultant Report on Subregional Cooperation in Animal Disease Control and Development of Animal Productiono
70 Formulation of Strategies for the Implementation of the
Consultant'~ Recommendations on Subregional Cooperation -in
Animal Disease Controlo .
8. Forfuulation of Strategies for the Implement~tion:ofthe Consultant' s Recotnrnendatiorls on Subregional Coop'er"2l'tion on Animal Production~
9. Discussion on the proposal for the Establishment of a Zoonoses Centre for Eastern and Southern Africao
100 Any Other Businesso
110 Adoption of the' Rapporteurs Report and Venue of the Next Meetingo
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rBAR ADVISORY CO~lITTEE MEETING FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA TII'1E TABLE
Monday 7th September aomo Item 1
-
5p.tl10 Item 6
Tuesday 8th September aom. Item 7
Perno Item 8
Wednesday 9th September a0n1. Item 9
polTI o Items 10
-
11MEETING ..Y~LL START AT 9 , 00 AoMo
Morning Session -
A.Mo
9.00 oolTIo - 10e 30 a0 nlo -
10e45 aenl" -
Afternoon Session PoM o
2.00 Perno - 3 .. 30 I).tn" - 3«t45 porno -
10030 aomo
10045 aoffio Tea and Coffee Break
12~OO noonc
3030 porno
3045 mopo Tea and Coffee Break 5000 porno
Wednesday Session Starts by 2e OO porno
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... '1\PPE1JiJIX 2
~~~~~~..
__
.FIRST lEAR ADVISORY CO~1ITTEE MEETING FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRlCAl\fj\~~bBIJ. 7. - 9 SEPTEMBER, 1981
0l)ening Address By
Dr. Po Atang Director.OAD/lBAR Ladies and Gentlemen,
I t gives me great pleasure to welcome you all here today in Nairobi the seat....Qf the Interafrican Bureau for l-\nimal Resources of the Organisation of African Unity, on behalf of HoE o MroEdem Kodjo, the Secretary General of the OAUo l~am particularly pleased to see among us members of lBAR AdVisory C6fufuIttee, representative of UN bodies and other interested scientistso
Ladies and Gentlemen, at a meeting of the OAU on Animal Health and Production, Algiers, 1976, the directors of Veterinary Services and Animal Production directed that all fMture meetings should first be conducted OIl subregional levelbefore ..····t·he regional or continental one is heldo This will allow for effective
participation as more is achieved with meetings organised on
smaller scaleo The report and recomr~ndations of such subregional meetings will then be the sUbject of discussion in the regional or corltinenta1 meeting0
In 197E;, and O!\UjfvlULPOC su_oregional meeti~lg for Eastern and Southern Africa was held in Gaberone, Botswana. Later, on the 2nd May 1979 in a meeting in Lusaka, Zambia convened to formulate strategies for the implementation of ~he recommendations of the
~978 meeting, this same subregion decided to appoint a consultant to study areas for cooperation in Animal Diseases Control and the development of Animal Production in this Eastern and
Southern Regiono In order to have a well balanced strategy that is useful and acceptable to the majority of the countries in the subregion, the members of the IBAR Advisory Committee
(who are made up of very experienced scientists in the field of Animal Production and Health in their respective regions)
representing the sUbregion were invited to study and discuss
the report and finally draw concrete decisions and recommendationse These, I understand will again be discussed by an International group of experts and later in the ~IDLPOC policy organisationso
~Tith the presence of so many high level scientists here, I have no doubt in my mind that we will produce an excellent Reporto
The consultants report has earlier been circulated to all members0 It is hoped that the consultant will later attend this meetingo With his presrnce here; we will call upon him from time to time to explain certain points as they ariseo I t is therefore hoped that the meeting will progress with ease, and the experience of each one of you will be tapped to the fullesto
;111 I
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Ladies. and
Gentlem~.t1,,.,,,.the
countries of the sUbregion of Eastern and Southern Africa are the most important one,s as far, as livestock production is concernedo Statisticssh6w that they accQuntfor about 6'0% of' th'e, cattle population in Africa0 Ivloreover, 'l,iyestqck ac'tiv:ities in these countries are very developed and ~dyanced anc1 indeed' the maJori ties of the rest of the O'AU"r1emper' ~tates,l?articularly those, South of tn·e Sahara have .,~ l.otto; learn from these countriesoI will nowiiketo congratulate the Consultant,
Dro Ao K~ Oteng,. for a rnost difficult job, well doneo He has produced an,.excellent report considering that i t covers. 18
countries and ,was 'completed within as short a time as
?
monthso Furthermore. a$tudy of such magnitude would have beeD. carri.ed out by a multidisciplinary team composed ,of Veterinaries, ' AnimalN;utritionists, Breaders, Agronomists, Eco~omist,getcoIt will "be seen that in producing his report the Consultant
visited a sel~cted number of countries and information concerning the countries not visited were based on reports, dis~ussions
etco In a~ldition to th'is in such a report, i t is impo"ssible to cover all the Disease and production :prablems in ea~h ahd everyone of the c·ountriese He 11as therefore selectedonl'y those that are of common interest to groups of countries within the sUbregion, requiring sUbregional cooperationo
The lEAR Chief Animal Health Officer, and the Chief Animal Production Officer have studied this report thoroughly and have made some commentso I t is hoped that these and those you have also brought witD you or will produce at this meeting will be well studied again"~: The meeting is then expected to bring up precise, concrete, feasible and practicable decisions and recommendations on Animal Health and Production that will be of common interest to a number of countries within the
subregion or better still, to the whole sUbregiono In arriving at these, certain important factors must be borne in mind~
(i) Definite important problems must be identifiedo They should be common to one or more countrieso (ii) Ways and means of obtaining possible solutions must
be agreed upono These could be from research institutions, universities, livestock farms and establishments, literatures etco
(iii) Possible solutions must be those that are applicable in the field. The type of knowledge that is most useful is the one that is simple, cheap and easily applied in the field by even the farmer hirnselfc Existing methods and techniques should be examined and then modified and improved upon.
(iv) Availability of manpower at all levels and the existence of llseful and functioning infrastructure to solve the particular problemso This fortunatelly is no problem in this regiono
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(v)
~j;,
Finally, availability of the hece~~~y funds to execute important projectso Afric1ltGovernments should re-examine their development priorities and give Agriculture and Livestock Development the priority they deserve and so in~~ease the supply of funds to'themo Secondly African Governments should try to help one another by providing fund,~.,
manpower or even technology to needy countrieso ' In the event of all these failing them African Governments could turn to overseas donorso
In conclusion1 i t is important to inform you' that the OAU and particularly the cQurltries of I"lULPOC attach great importance to the success of this meetingo This was stated by the Prime Minister of Lesotho? Chief Leabua Jonathan, when he expressed his confidence in the success of the deliberations.
on this consultant9s report, while he was addressing the last policy organs meeting of ECA/JvlULPOCCl Furthermo~eyou are aware of the Lagos Plan of~Action which calls for concerted action so as to make African self sufficient in Food (including those of animal origin) by the year 19850 In this respect, time is very much against u~:
Once again, on behalf of the OAD Secretary General, HoE o Mro Edem Kodjo, I wish you a very fruitful meetingo
101.
1.20 1.201 10202
10205
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Page 13' Comments on the Anir~1ai Health' Implication of the
Draft Survey Report on $ub-Regional Co-operation in Epizootic Dise~pe ~ontrol and Animal Producti- vity Increase iaEast and, Southern African Countries
and the Schem~.f_or ..?.illJ.nq up a Zoonoses Centre in·
East and Sou~hern Africa
By
Dro Elhaji Ao Tall
Chief Animal Health Officer
Comments on the=-..QE~:ti;:_ $~~vey Report
I t is to be recalled that this draft report follows the joint OAU/ECA/MULPOC Meeting on Animal Health
anq.
Production held at Gaberone, Botswana, from 28th August to ~st September, ~978o
Recommendations made at this meeting were as follows~
Livestock Training Centre in Kenya,
Training Centre for Abattoir staff and Ivleat Inspectors in Botswana,
Organization of various seminars, Workshops and Conferences on Livestock development,
Establishment in lVIalawi of a Tick and Tick-borne··-·D·isease Centre,
Formation of an IBAR Advisory Committee for the sub-region to be accountable to the IBAR Continental Advisory
Committee,
lBAR and the Lusaka IvTULPOC must collaborate with Member States to prepare a Programme for enhancing co-operation in Epizootic disease contro':l and/or eradicating"-the
disease, in order to improve Animal Production and Health.
Epizootic Diseases~
East Coast fever, Trypanosomiasis, Rabies, Foot and Mouth Disease, Rinderpest,. CBPP, African Swine Sickness, and Sheep Scabiese
Establishment of a Zoonoses Centreo
As indicated in the footnote to the draft survey report, the views expressed in the paper are those of the author and do not reflect the views of lBAR or the lVLULPOCo
Seven out of eighteen (18) Countries were visited by the Consultant within 43 days, which is a 37% rate and a 6 days per country theQ~etical meano
The rate could have been higher, with the visit to the 8th country, during the Consultant's stay at ECA
Headquarters.,
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It woYJ.c1.~.Cl!_§:9 .ha~r~.be§n worth visit~ng at .1e?p,t: ...2.n~ .'.
Fren'?h_~, ~p§a}(~~.g.__'· .'7~~p.~:J?Y ~a~fS'I:lg ~~e, ~8 conce~~~~9.o.' ".'
Fincil··l~y·,'-·i~.,,:wol:lld·':h-a,ve·bee11 useful i f the countri-es'·"
v·is'i·t-ed~·tta-d··~i;·ne-lude,d···sQrne·st·ates in the' ca.ttle~'p·red:ucing rich-·area~~:er-,,~s·,ta-t~~s":"in·fected·with Epizootic-·':'Di~s·ea·s-es·~:
Angola,. Ethiopia, ·-t4ae1agascar', Mo'zambique, Somalia~
In view of the foregoing, the country reports do not really reflect the actual an.imal heal th si tuationo
In fact, the picture painted of the animal health
situation in some of the countries has so~e short-comings, especially in the case of countries which were not
visitedo
10502 Thus, the fo 11owing ... 9iseases could have.usE;~.~,u~~y,_
completed the picture in the following states:-
1050101 Angola: Foot a~d I'1outh Disease, Lumpy Skin Disease, ....
Ca~tle Brucellosis, Anthrax, Balck-Leg, Cattle ,and Sheep Ric~ettsi'osis, C.ttle TUberculosis, Catt'le,
Poultry and Pig Pasteurelbsis, Cattle Streptothricosi~, ~
Anaplasmosis and Piroplasmosiso " , Botswana: Cattle Brucellosis, Cattle :P~steur~tlosis,..
Cattle Piroplasmosis, Cattle Anaplasmosisi Lu~py .
Skin Disease, New Castle Disease and Strept~thri~cosi~.~
Kenya: New Castle Disease, Sheep-Pox, Goat
Pleuropneu~onia, Cattle Brucellosis, Black-Leg, Paratuberculosis, Streptothricosis, and Rift Valley fever.
;
. .-
Swaziland: Cat~le Brucel16sis, Black-Leg, Poultry and Pig Pasteurellosis.
Tanzania: New Castle Disease, Anaplasmosis, P&roplasmosis and Cattle Rickettsio~iso
Zimbabwe: Cattle Brucellosis, Sheep Catarrahal Fever African Horse Sic}cness, Cattle TUberculo~is,
Streptothricosis, Enididymitis-Vaginitis,"~" Lu·m.py Skin Disease and Rift Valley Fevero
These animal health data are derived from the 1980 draft survey report.
On the whole, the Consultant's recommendations overlap with the recommendations ensuing from the 1978
Gaberone Meetingo
The recommendation on the setting up of a Zoonoses Centre was not reproduced in the draft report because the topic is to be dealt with in a separate studyo
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.. ' , , ' . ' d t· 72 1 '·:d aIe'n . 1.6. 2 MoreQY~.J='"'" ~~g_a,rc:1~p._g .J:ecom.rne.n a" lOP . 0 " • . 0 .a
e ,
~.._
g.~".,. 'wi~,h' ~. j"o.~_D:t.pr9,j;.§.Gtf9~ Rind~~pest an,d Per~Rn~\1ITlQ.Ili.?J... "
Coni;:t:9~f.~._~.p._,·JJ.g.Cl~.~.P·,.,K~nyg.., E.thio,pia .. and th.eSlJ,dg.n,. _i..t ..
would ....h.c3.y~
..
·,,,J?~.~n....~.pp~o.p)::'ia,te. to;ifl~.luO·e .So:m~J-.i~"._.~~~nc.ethat country is equally infected with the two major Epizootic Diseases~
1.6.3 As regards recom~endations 7o.2~1od and 702o4ob and c,
dealing respectively with the setting up of 'a Sub-regional Centre for acaricides production, research into Tick
Ecolqgy ~nd,East Coast Fever Vaccine, i t is to be noted
the.t:·-t~ey,are within the scope of the recommendation macte.to the OAU at its 197'6 Algiers meeting on Animal
H~~lth an~ Pr9duction, which called for setting up in Africa of three Regional Centres to control Tick and Tick-borne diseases.
1.604 ,Regarding recomnlendation 7.2c2oa and b, de·a1.ing with
prod~ction of Foot and Mouth .Disease Vaccines-it is to be noted that type C is less generally known in Africa and
that type SAT2 ther~fore prove sufficiento
""
106 05 Regarding recommendation 7.2a5Ga, dealing with the training.:
of IVIeat InspectC?rs, the proposed Centre' in
Bo·t·swa·n·'a·..
···~,·...
could serve as a Regional Centre for the Areao
1.0 6.6 Regarding recommendation 702o6oa, dealing with staff exchange programlnes for States in the' Sub-Region',
·s"lch·
pro.gra~rnmes could be co-ordinated by the LusakaMULPOC and IBARo '
~.6.7 Finally, regarding recomme~dation 702o 7oc, dealing with the constant monitoring of -the policy of co-operation within the Sub-Region this exercise must be undertaken
by the Lusaka ~1ULPOC and IBARo
202 Comments on the,Scherne_.
i9-r
Setting up a Zoonoses Centre2o~ This project follows a recommendation made at the Gaberone meeting held in 19780
20 2 'The act~vi ties contained in the working programme 'need
tob~ reduced as the programme appears so clumsy in the form in which i t is presented. A substantia.l reduction in the activities will make the programme more
functional.
203 In addition, in view of the fact that the Lusaka" MU,LPOC has already inclUded the proj ect in its working~;pro·gr'amme for 1980 - 1981, the main source of funding must be' the ECA.
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Comment.s·f·rom t·he·• . . , ~ •• . .. ...P- • -'.Aniluul"err ~.-. -_*' IJroduction Section .onthe. - " ...,' ,_. _.. ,"
By
I(0 0.0 !\deniji
Chi'ef Anim;al P~roduction Officer
'The Animal Productiorl Section wish to congratulate
Dro Ao KoOteng'for the excellent report 'hehas prod·uced ·within a short per'iod of three monthso This' is' particular'lyse i f one realised that· the first aplJointed consultant was .not ~able
to produce a re:port after 9 months of f'ield 'visi,tso .Furthermore, a study of such magnitude should have been composed of~
veterinarian, an animal nutritionist, a breeder and an
agronomist. However, IBi\R appreciates his efforts· in .pr.oduding\ L the .document under discussion singlehandedo
COMMENTS ON THE REPORT Identified Areas ofC<?C?,Peration
"1020 Research
1.201 Pasture Develo~ment
All the countries in th~sesubregions, a~art from Somalia and Ethiopiu (Annual Reports indicated' they have) where we have not had the opportunity of visiting have we.ll.developedinsti tutes for pastu.re research and· . establishmento The ecological conditions in these' st~tes
vary fr.om one state to :anothero The possibility of"a' country being a fairly represeritative of all the st~te~
ecologically and in soil types is very remoteo
F_~·r'~<0~:~.r~.<:)r~.i..~,r~e~~<;.~t?n .9,:f;..~.? .couqt,ry for .pasture__·.._. __ ._....'"~,~~...:_~..~.~.
development and rasearch will warrent the establishment of outside stationso Even inindi vidual count'ries,
pasture research is centred i,n one station and d~is·trict trial~ undertaken ut other research stations throughout the countryo Consequently, lEAR suggests the' e~bhange of i.deas and inforn1ation betwe.en the pastureres'ear(~:h
instituteso In order to accomplish this there is,:'·ne·e·d' to collect the annual re130rts of all the pasture re'search institutes in these states and desiminate the r~s~lts : emanating from them. Pasture research activities and results are available'in Bulletin and Scientific Journals as well. As_an example~ the-current progr~mme on Kitale A.gricul tura 1 Research Station in Kenya cove·rs ge'rmp1asri:t collection and evaluution, pastures and fodder-crop~ . management and seed productiono Its impact in the country is seen in t11e forrn of well-developed Rhodes grass and setaria leys and permanent star grass pastures on many large farms in the countryo The Grassland Research
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Station in Zimbabwe is concerned with research on pasture legu~es· and legume based pastur~so Resul~ so far .indica,ted three legume species viz: Stylosanth'es ruinesis (Oxley fine stem stylo), Desmodium uncinatum
Silver~eaf desmodium) and Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratio) were the most impressiveo In Ugarida the same thing obtalnsc Exchange of ideas as suggested will develop into cooperation'" among the pastc.re research institutes in these stateso
O~r·efforts to produce a publication titled
'Ani~at Feed Resources in Africa' has not met with success.
A comprehensive question"laire was forwarded to all OAU Member States in all attempt to produce the above.
publication and alGo assess the animal feed potential in Africao Up-to-date, only ten countries have replied.
We still intend to forvJeJrd letters to ~Qu·ntriesthat h'ave not replied hoping that at the long 1 ast the prop.os.al will be accomplishedc
20 Training
2.10 Livestock P rodl:lct,.hS?E __ and J:w1eat Training Centre
20202 The Animal Production Section will support the establishment of a regional/subregional training centre on livestock production and meat in Kenyao In'~976,
a joint mission of the OAD and FAO visited four countries - Nigeria, Kenya, Botswana and Ta~zania on a feasibility'
stud~ to select a site for the establish~~nt of the above centreo The objective of the centre was to enable ranch managers acquire additional practical knowledge in
extensive, intensive and feedlot operations which will enable them function efficiently on their respective stationso Kenya was selected to host the centre and
srDA
was to provide fundso The Kenya government ·hasalrea~y provided l~~dand the Agricultural Development Cooperation has approved ·the construction of satelli te stations on three of their farms for practical training.
Owing to the gigantic sum involved in (.:onstruction of
buildings SIDA declared no further interest but is willing to participate along with other donor agencieso As a
result, the project has now being introduced to the EEC, UNCTAD and more recently to the African Development Banko 20102 The establishment of slaughterhouse personnel and meat
inspectors .was part of the terms of reference for the OAu/FAO mission referred to aboveo The centre was to be located in Lobatse, Botswana with funds provided by
DANIDAo What became of the centre is not knowno Our guess was that i t might h~ye. encountered the same fate.
However, ECA/FAO of Addis Ababa might want to comment of this.
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This committee should therefore come out with a solution of ho~·: to set up these centreso The O!-\U could forward a strong appeal on behalf of the cornmit~ee to S;rOA, DANIDA, EEC, UNcrrl~D, UNEP and African Development .,,:B:ank for· provision of fundso Recently, a number of
,i~ternational organisations and donor agencies participated in the proposal to establish a research and training
centre/multiplication and breeding centre for the N'Darna breed in Gambia. Same procedure could be adopted to focus attention on the training needs in livestock productiono The importance of these centres cannot be overemphasised when i t is realised that the development of ranches as an alternative to the present form of
livestock production will boost production both in number and productivity per unit areao
30 Animal, 'Pl~"oduction
3o~0; Artificial Insemination
30101 There are two well established artificial insemination centres in these sub-regions - Kenya and Zimbabwe the
former government .operated while the latter is a private enterpriseo Both countries have a wealth of genetic materials of imported as well as indigenous breeds, the
exotic or imported breeds having become adapted over a long. period of timce However, the genetic base could
further be broadened by importationo Rather than have one centre for the subregions as expressed in the report,
IBAR will suggest thut the two centres be retained and further strengthened in order to supply semen not only to the subregions but to the whole of the Africa regiono 30102 Livestock Stat;i~.tt_c.:~l _.~e11tr.£
The OAD and F.i\.O in co()peration wi th UNEP intend to establish a data bank for the indigenous breeds in Africao Infact, one of the functions of lBAR is the collection, collation and disemination of statistical information on 'livestocko As you would have discovered from the Livestock
distribution, maps, this function has been adequately covered by our sectione The next phase in our programme is the data bank~ Already our section has gathered some documents on our indigenous breeds (by questionnaire)o Furthermore, our librury specialises on Animal Health and Livestock Production activities in generalo
Consequently, there is no need for a subregional livestock statistical centre in Zimbabwe as this will be covered adequately by IBARe
30103 Indigenour Bree~?/Br~~~~~~~rovement
The last OAD/lBAR Livestock census indicated there was an increase of 10% in livestock numbers and no data was available on productivityo Almost 90% of total
offtake in the region of Africa is from the indigenous breedso
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I-e has beell I)ostulatE.:d th~jc rnC):'3t of our breeds are low producing but recent information from countries in the Eastern and Southern African SUbregions are to the contraryo
Research carried out over the last forty years in Zimbabwe showed that the indigenous breed produced more beef per cow per year than 80 ~~l~ or Eo taurus x Bo indicuS,
crossbreeds when natural pasture was the only source of foodo Same results has been achieved with the Baran in Kenya, the Tuli in Botswana which incidentally is also found in 2,~Ynl...::""'l"'\~.rr, i~"1,...4-l:1errr(1-e. -r:'esult of cross-breeding experiments i~ Zambia indicated' that the relative
improvement given by crc)ssj_ng with Hereford sires equalled tOhe·· advantage acruing from crossing Barotse dams with
Baran sircso This therefore demonstrated there exists genetic potential for growth among our indigenous breedso This fact was also realised at the first meeting of OAU Expert Commi ttee on f\nimal Gene"'i~c Resoul."'ces in Africa0 The experts therefore recommended the identification of dominant breeds j_n tIle Sllb.regions \'Jhich should be
genetically improved and used in upgrading the less
productive stock or even from the foundation stock of the na tional herd iri ~.3()m2 cQu:ltriet3o T~1is is an area where bilateral or even multilateral cooperation can develop
among sJcatesc
B(, -;: prodt~c~tior2. i.s COlll[)O?(;c). of ':'vJO phases:-
1. rr~(1e cC)\"J herd l)lla:;~? in vJhich reproduction or
incrcas~ng numbers is of prima~y importance, and
2(1 Gl~O;"Jt11 Gr~ ~~
prOd1J c-t:i()l:
£ o~ " . ) ~_" ~~~ ~.
Ol~ inc'rea~3e is
; in ~··ich weight
of primary importanceo The first phas8 has been partially achieved as a result of increase in numbers but reproductive performance, eogo age at first calving9 calving rates and numbers of calves weaned are st~~11 very 10'\:\1 5.n tIle subsistence sectoro This can be greatly enhanced through improvement in the breeds as a result of ade~udtc feeding, management and selection
withi11 b.L't....l-:L. ,-. -,-, __'..::.u.JJ.e (~1J.=:'='"'c:,=~-(.cL3o ~"1ithout a comprehensive study of the production systems in these sUbregions i t might be dj~fficult to achieveo Countries that border on each other w~ll hove identical problem along the borderso Any improvement in the production system in one country without a cor~esponding alteration in the neighbouring cQu.n.-f::2::'Y itJ~Lll not have the desired lasting effect: There is therefore need for bilateral cooperation among coun-tries r"r:i"ch cornrnon borders 'to irnprove the
production systemso
Another ,o'ethod O~r: improving the ind:.genous breed is the establishment of breed societies in member states as is the case in Kenya and Zimbabweo The societies will be able to monitor the progressive improvement of their respective breedso When these societies have become well established there will be lle::~;(1 fe).":- coo};)eration 'ATi th other states for
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the p ...., .. c,· ; .'-'C" ..,,~.I~:.~_C·:~: :..::::rough meetings, conferences, seminars which can be organised by the GAD and MOLPOCo IBAR therefore fully agree with the consultant that meetings be organised as often as
pos'~ible by tIle two bodicso Through such avenues,
gene~~~ m~terial could be transferred from one state to anothero
30 10 4 Dis semj-ll~"t_~o~~f .~l!-_:f()EE~?_t-~9n
There l S a ;v'Jc2Jcly publication "IB}\.R II\JFORr1ATION
LEAFLETS" \lIJllicll for financial reasons is posted out monthly and. quarterly Bulletin on HANIlvlAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION"0 Both publications arc produced in English and French
languages and disty"buted free of charge to member states of the OAD0 'The iI1forll1atioll leaflet in particular is
despatched to government field station officers, commerci~l
'and"private ranches, research institutions and other parts of the ltJorld as ~11'.;211o lrile continue to receive more requests and as a result a new mailing list' has been
preparedc One thousand copie3 of the leaflet is sent out to the Anglophone and Francophone recepients every montho I should add that information for the leaflet are abstracted from annual repo~ts7 scient~fic journals and Bulletin and
also l\re~~;3 I\;lagazineo Our libraY:'y rece-:ive one Jchousand
scientific jO"l}2~11lJls CJ~1d five 11~,ndred magazines annuallyo lBAR therefo~ ~ocs not support parag~aph 606020 of the reporto
4f) C0~}2,~S_'v' ~,..I32.P0 ~~to~
TIl€- tj_tle of 'C~'~_L~3 :~tl:..:Li~ (:.If'~~l-:.."'l~· jU5-L:il"ies the production of the report-: in t:\·;o volurc.r::?:so Volurne I - J~o contain
summary
of
fincli11g.·.:; <; J:2cornmendations ( i f any) andconclusionso \JolUln(~ II --- to contain detailed report on the animal dis~a3e situ~tion and livestock production in
Member s-tat:.e:.3c
The cou~try ~epo~ts on Angola, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Lesotho, IJIadaga scarc: I'jIozambiqlJe and Se)Tchelles were not detailed eIlouYl1 iJL'es'L~lJ(J~oly beccn.J~e ttlC consultant was unable to visit these countrieso However, in order to prevent adverse comments from these countries, the country reports could be improvedo An alternative is to sUbject all country reports to the same standardo
However, as earlier indicated, the consultant must be
congratul~ted for having produced a report on eighteen
countries within three monthso What is now left is for the experts gathered here to produce a workable solution to the
identif~_ed areas cf cooperation for the Eastern and Southern Africa Stateso
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COMMENTS ON REPORT NO.1 By
DrG l\.li Yusufu·
Somali
.\"~-...
I wish to congratulate the Committee who prepared this~
important report No~~ for ,their enthusiasm, to identify and
recommend very important areas which need subregional cooperationo However, i t is my personal feeling that the committee did not
have adequate knowledge about the existing nationali.,D_fX:,9,s..tJ:.',1JctiLt'.es and livestock developrnent in the sub-regiono Therefore~~~'ih order to6verc6me this' short coming, i t :was necessary to gathe~
information ,and datas from· the member countries, or members of the committee had to
seek
possibilities to tour countries of ' the area in order to get up to date informationsoI wish to make the following 'corrections with regard~ to the figures and i~formations given about my countryo Statistical da~a' (chapter-4 page 12)0 According to the census of 1975 the' following estimates were made, in thousands (vOOO)o
Human C21"ttle Sheep Goats Camels
population ( v000 ) ( 9000 ) ( '000) ( 'OOQ ) ( '000 )
3,540~ 3,700 9,500 15,20Q 5,300
With regards to country reports Chapter 5 pages 34-35, I wish to inclDde few points and c6rrect few statementso
Major Animal Disease§
Tick and Tick Borne diseases - wide spread throughout the countryo Control use o:f acaricideso ;:;'if!$~"'~:
Rinderpest - under control, bu't an animal vaccination cover~··.t"s, undertaken in risk areas usually along the border areaso
Trypanosomiasis and Tsetse fly ~ control by treatment of Animals and vector controle
CBPP - Sporadic in occurrence - more incidence in the southern part of the countryo Control 'is by broth culture
To strain vaccineo
ccpp - Sporadic control by vaccination
Bovine Farcy - Sporadic control is by slaughter of enfected animals.
Anthrax - sporadic, control is by vaccinationo
Nairobi Sheep Disease - low incidence, control is by use of acaracideso
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Black. leg - sporadic, controlled by vaccinationo
Sheep Box - sporadic, in the north East of the country controlled by vaccination.
,
;Haemorrha·~icltl',f~~mic in the south7 control by vaccinationo Septicaimia) ..."
Rabies - very low incidence Brucellosis - low incidence
..
Research -·Researchwork and routine diagnoses are carried out in. the cent.-P9,l laboratory at Mogadishuo
Vaccine Production: .All essential vaccines are produced in the
seru~~ndv~cc~neInstitute at Mogadishu: - These vaccines
include : Ri~derpest, j\nthrax, Black Leg, Heamorrhagic .Septica.~fClia,. Sheep]?ox"NewCastle Disease1 CBPP, CCPP, and Enterro,toxaemia~·
The Centra 1 Laboratory and Vaccine Serum Inst;i tute bo,th a.t
Mogadishu are assisted by FAO/UNDPo .
Fewmajo.r Regi9nalLaboratories exist in Hargeisa., Nor,th of Somalia and in,Kismayo South of thecount~Yq SO·~~.'.J.'!P.ore,· ..,;
regional Laborato~~es will be established in theF.~~DP1982·-·1·986~6
The following bilateral multilateral projects have veterinary
compq.~_~Q..t,§:
10 Central Rangelands Development Project which will be
~carriedout in four"central regions, assisted by IFAD, USAID,· IDA and GTZ.
20 Nor:thern Range·lahcls 'De"'Jelopment project: - I t is financed by Kuwait Fuhdo
3. KismayO;\Laboratory - j~ssisted by FE;deralR.e.public:~...o.£.."__,~....
Germany., (GTZ)0 . '.'
40 Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control - Assisted by Arab Fund a~d ODA~ .
50 Bay Region Agricultural Development Project ~ Financed by USAID and IDAo
60 Artificial insemination centre at Afgooye 30 Km from Mogadishu F~nanced by.USAIDo
As con lYe:-'""seen fromJabove some of the infra.;..structure existing in Somalia can serve as a sub-regional.cen:t:.re--for the member countries if they are develop~d furthero Since. the
economy of our country greatly deperids"on live~tock:·t6p priori~ies'
are given to the development of this sectoro Thereforg I.
recommend ~t l~aSt on~ bf the proposed SUbregional centr~~ be stationed in Somaliao
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OAU /IB1\.R/NliIROBI Page 23 The sUbregional cooperation is high by essential in order to control effective~y Animal Diseases especially epizQoticso
The JP15 campaigns.of the organization of African Unity was a great action against Rlnd-erpes'to This was the first international campaign designed to eradicate any Animal Diseaseo The experience gained from this can serve our sUb-region as a good foundation for further disease controt"since epizQotics have any defined boundry.
In vfew of this our country wishes to cooperate with countries of Uganda, Kenya j Sudan and Ethiopia in the joint vaccination campaign against CBPP and Rinderpest.
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i\PPENDIX... 6
lEAR ADVISORY COMMITTEE COUNTRY REPORTS
By
DANIEL IJIURIITHI Human population
The present population is reckoned to be over 16,000,000 peopleo
}Viajar Animal Disease
F.M.D. This is of a major economic importanceo The disease is widespreado However vaccination only covers about 23
Administrative Districts out of 41 Districtso These districts have 305 million cattle population of which 2,020 million are vaccinated twice a year as a matter of routineo Main problem areas have been Kenya/Tanzania border which hss been having high incidence of SAT II outbreakso The central part of Kenya which has the milk production exotic Dairy Animal had a high incidence of Type 909 outbreaks during 1980Q The typing figures for 1980 are as follows~-
9j\i - 12
?DO - 76
~C9 - 8
SAT fI - 17
Sl~T I I -- 31
All the vaccine used in Kenya is produced at Embakasi LaboratorYft Some of this vaccine is used in the Neighbouring cotlntries.
Control:
(a) Strict control of movement of Livestock is imposed
in the country and especially in the FMD control areaso (b) Routine vaccination twice a year is practiced and
also emergency bavvineyiond around foci of Qutbreakso (c) Sanitary measures are also practicedo
Rl\BIES:
There has been an epizootic outbreaks of rabies during 1980 and 19810 The disease has spread from the Kenya/Tanzania border area to the Central Rift Valley area and Western Kenya and is now threatening to move north wardso However control by vaccination has been intensified and also destruction of stray dogs and wild canineso Of late rabies outbreak has occurred among
domestic animals and measures have been taken to immunize our
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'7",~:~ :~~,.. . " .~:..••. ';,:.. . .::C:· .
Ve terin
ar
i ari.·:s~·r·~·:..whb·..,~~re···-.liiV:'trlved-i.n.,c:1ini ca 1 wo.rk in the affected areasG The vaccine u-seci·'-·in~·l(eny:p.fo·rdogs i-sLE·~ Vaccineproduced at the Veterinary Laboratory··:·Kal:?e,te. .. ..
TICK CONTROL AND TICKBORNE DISEASES
Major constraint in high potential areas. Theileriosis is the.rno$t ~JD.port~nt tickborne dis~~~eo
Control: By spraYing and dipping using acaricidee Compulsory dipping is practised in: ()'ffected areas an'd this is supervised by Veterinary De'partmento Dipping tanks· are built with government
assistance and constructiori is supervised by Veterinary Department.
The farmers also do play a very important role in the construction of dips. Laboratory services for dip analysis are done free and this ihclu4~s monitoring
ot
tick ~esistanceoTsetse flies and TrypanosS2.PiCl~i.J3
Widely, spread except central Kenyao
Control: By curative and prophylactic treatment. Iri Weste~n Kenya/Nyanza Province along the Lake area where human sle,epiJhg sickness does seem aerial spraying and ground sprayingo .
African Swine Fever~ I t has not been recorded since 19640
,'"
CBPP: Recent incidences have been recorded in North West 'X~nya
along ~enya/Uganda bordero Vaccination is entirely bei~g
undertaken along t'he bordero"···Testing of cattle along the major
stock routes to screen thern -for CBPP is do'ne as ._..a.Jn.~tter of',··routine.
New Castle: Epidemic ~ controlled by routine vaccinationo Free vaccination has now been institutedo
Lives·to·ck Producti:on Milk - Exotic~ breeds
Meat - Cattle, She~b) and Goods Local consump~ion, poultry
Pigs ) export
~: from exotic wQolsheep mainly fVlelino' sand Corriadal'Se
Hides and Skin: a major exporto
