2. Materials and Methods

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3^ème Conférence Internationale sur

le Soudage, le CND et l’Industrie des Matériaux et Alliages (IC-WNDT-MI’12) Oran du 26 au 28 Novembre 2012,

http://www.csc.dz/ic-wndt-mi12/index.php 108

TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF METAL/ CERAMIC COUPLE USED FOR BIOMEDICAL PROSTHESIS

LABAÏZ M¹., FELLAH M.¹, IOST A.²

1 : Laboratory of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, BADJI Mokhtar-Annaba University, P.O Box 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria, email :m.labaiz@univ-annaba.org

2: Laboratory of Metallurgy ARTS ET METIERS ParisTech, 8, Boulevard Louis XIV, 59046 Lille Cedex, France, email:Alain.Iost@ENSAM.EU

Résumé

Pour ce travail nous avons developpé au sein de notre laboratoire un tribomètre rotatif pion-disque.

Les problèmes d’usure dans les prothèses médicales pour remplacer laes articulations naturelles ont une grande importance et ont été abordées par différents auteurs [1-6]. Le choix d’un matériau biomédical pour les prothèses doit non seulement répondre à des exigences de résistance mécanique (biomécanique, résistance à l’usure) mais aussi à des critères de biocompatibilité et de résistance à la corrosion.

Abstract

The problems of friction and wear in the prosthesis for substitution of hip joints and knees have been addressed by many authors [1–6] due to its crucial importance in the performance of these devices .The choice of the materials for the head and the cup takes into consideration not only properties such as mechanical resistance, friction and wear, but also biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The consideration of pro’s and contra’s led to the conclusion that among the best combinations are ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for the cup and alumina, stainless steel or CoCrMo alloy for the head [1,2].

Keywords: Friction, Wear, Biomaterials, Ceramic, Biomechanics

1.Introduction

Ceramic components have been used for total hip arthroplasty in Europe since the early 1970s, with good results [7,8,9]. Such components afford a number of theoretical advantages compared with metal alloys.

They have been shown to have excellent biocompatibility both in animal studies and clinical investigations in Europe [10]. ceramic can begiven avery high, scratch-resistant polish.This feature, combined with wetability and corrosion resistance of the material, allows for low friction artic ulations with excellent wear characteristics [11].

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2. Materials and Methods

1.1 Surface and microstructural analysis

The sample was polished with SiC paper and then 1 μm diamond paste. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy (OM, LEIKA DMLM ). The phases present were identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD, INTEL CPS 120/Brucker AXS) using Cu Kα generated at 40 kV and 35mA. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive Xray analysis (EDX) were used to study the chemical composition of ceramic.The 3D roughness analysis of the ceramic was studied using (Surface Data Veeco:

Mag 5.0X, Mode VSI)

2. Tribological study

We are used two tribometers developped in our laboratory : a plan contact (figure 1,a) and a rotative pin-disk (figure 1, b).

Figure 1. Scheme of the contact geometry; a) plan contact; b) linear contact

2. Results and discussion

2.1 Chemical Analysis

a)

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Figure 2 . Micrography of ceramic

Figure 3. X-Ray diffraction spectrum of ceramic

X110 X220

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http://www.csc.dz/ic-wndt-mi12/index.php 111 2.2 Roughness Analysis

Figure 4. a-Macrostructure of ceramic before roughness study b-3D surface topography(roughness) after wear test

3. Tribological study

3.1 plan contact

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

Perte de masse (g/cm2)

Distance parcourue (m)

Céramique

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

-0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20

Perte de masse (g/cm2)

Distance parcourue (m)

AISI 316L Céramique

Figure 5. Wear diagrams of Ceramic and SS AISI 316l sliding against (number 320 paper abrasive) X 220

a) b)

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http://www.csc.dz/ic-wndt-mi12/index.php 112 Figure 6. Morphology of ceramic surface tested against AISI 316L stainless steel after different times

a) 9min ; b) 18min ; c) 27min ; d) 36min

3.2 Linear contact

0 10 20 30 40 50

0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25

Coefficient de frottement

Temps (min)

19.43N 43.95N 28N

0 10 20 30 40 50

0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34

Coefficient de frottement

Temps (min)

19.43N 43.95N 28N

Figure 7. Variation of friction coefficient vs times with different slidings speed 1020 tr/min and b) de 600tr/min.

b)

a)

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2. Conclusion

The aim of this research is to study the wear and friction behavior of friction couple Metal/Ceramic, the ceramic used as a cup THR. The tribological behavior is evaluated by a wear test using (pin-on-disc and sphere-on-plane) equipment with and without (Ringer’s and 9 g.L-1 NaCl) solution as lubricant. This tests consisted of measuring the weight loss, and the friction coefficient of Ceramic under the different conditions of charge (19.43, 28 et 44N) and sliding speed (600tr/min et 1020 tr/min) , The tribological results obtained in this work shows that the ceramic is a good choice to use as a material combination in artificial joints

References

[1] R. M .Hall, A. Unsworth, Friction in hip prosthesis, Biomaterials 18 (1997) 1017–1026.

[2] T. Ahlroos, Effect of lubricant on the wear of prosthetic joint materials, PhD Thesis, Helsinki, University of Technology, Finland,2001.

[3] H. Mc Kellop, I.C. Clarke, K.L. Markolf, H.C. Amstutz, “Friction and wear properties of polymer, metal, and ceramic prosthetic joint Materials evaluated on a multichannels creening device”, J.Biomed. Mater.

Res.15 (5)(1981) 619–653.

[4] H.Mc Kellop, B.Lu,P.Benya, “Friction lubrication and wear of cobalt-chromium, alumina and zirconia hip prostheses compared on a joint simulator, in: Proceedings of the ORS 38th Annual Meeting, Washington,DC,16–20 February,1992.

[5] A.Unsworth, R.M. Hall, I.C.Burgess, B.M.Wroblewski, R.M. Streicher,M. Semlitsch, “Frictional resistance of new and explanted artificial hip joints, Wear”190 (1995) 226–231.

[6] H. Oonishi, H. Igaki, Y. Takayama, “Comparisons of wear of UHMWPE sliding against metal and alumina in total hip prosthesis”, Bioceramics1 (1989) 272-227

[7] Christel P, Meunier A, Heller M, Torre JP, Peille CN. Mechanical properties and short-term in vivo evaluation of yttriumoxide- partically-stabilized zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res (1989), 23, 45–61.

[8] Griss P, Heimke G. Five years experience with ceramic–metal composite hip endoprostheses. I. Clinical evaluation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1981) 98,157–164.

[9] Shimizu K, Oka M, Kumar P, Kotoura Y, Yamamuro T, Makinouchi K, et al. Time-dependent changes in the mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res (1993) 27, 729– 734.

[10] Cales B. Zirconia as a sliding material. Clin Orthop Relat Res (2000) 379, 94-12.

[11] Matthew Slonaker , T. Goswami “Review of wear mechanisms in hip implants: Paper II - ceramics IG004712” Materials and Design 25 (2004) 395-05.