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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Relative contribution to adhesion of surface free energy and surface chemistry induced to polypropylene by flame and atmospheric
pressure plasma jet treatments
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Àeo.,œ:.5 D a te ~ re D a tez S ig n a tu re D a te D ire c te u r d e s e c tio n dltJ D ire c te u r g é n é ra lRELATIVE CONTRIBUTION TO ADHESION OF SURFACE FREE
ENERGY AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY INDUCED TO
POLYPROPYLENE BY FLAME AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
PLASMA JET TREATMENTS
D. Gallant
Structural Adhesives and Corrosion Group, Aluminium Technology Centre, Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council Canada (ATC/IMI/NRC), 501 boul. Université Est, Saguenay, Quebec, CANADA, G7H 8C3
Danick.Gallant@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
Introduction Polypropylene (PP), one of the most used engineering thermoplastic polymers,
generally presents an unreliable adhesion behavior because of its intrinsic non-polar chemical structure. Therefore, in order to have it ready to bond using structural adhesives, its surface chemistry must be modified using energetic approaches such as flame and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatments. During surface treatment, the polar component of the surface free energy (SFE), as defined by Owens et al. theory, generally increases. In parallel, the surface chemistry of PP is also modified. However, in the case of PP, the relative contribution to adhesion phenomena of surface free energy and surface chemistry modifications is still undetermined. During this presentation, surface chemistry features induced to PP using flame and APPJ treatments will be highlighted from attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) results and correlated to adhesion strengths to aluminum substrates as provided by a variety of ten (10) 2-component epoxy adhesives.
Overview of results As presented in Fig. 1, ATR-IR spectra obtained for He/O2, He/N2O and He/N2 APPJ treated PP samples show similar absorption features in the amide region (1690-1630 cm-1), while ester and/or carboxylic acid functionalities (1750-1700 cm-1) are primarily found on PP specimens treated using He/O2 plasma and, to a higher relative extent, on flame treated parts. Fig. 2 shows that N-containing plasmas (i.e., He/N2 and He/N2O) are favorable to urethane adhesion (3M DP-605NS), while O-rich plasma is clearly beneficial to adhesion of an epoxy resin (Loctite 9462). However,
regardless of the very low SFE of flame treated PP, strong joints are obtained with the epoxy adhesive, as predicted from the IR-ATR spectrum that shows a -COO rich surface. As presented in Fig. 2, there is no evident relationship between SFE and measured SLS stress for hybrid Al-PP specimens. In addition,
Fig. 3 shows that the epoxy adhesive formulation
has a critical role on adhesion behavior of flame treated PP. This presentation will extensively discuss on all these relationships.
Fig. 2 (left): SLS
stress for hybrid Al-PP specimens and SFE of PP, as a function of surface treatment.
Fig. 1 (above): ATR-IR spectra of PP before and
after APPJ and flame treatments.
Fig. 3 (right): SLS
stress for hybrid Al-PP (flame treated only) specimens bonded using different 2-component epoxy adhesives.
