@@@@@@@@@@@ @ ÝaŠ½a@ÑÛû½a Z@ @‰…bÔÛa@†jÇ @‰aŠm@åi @ @ Al Naciriya aek12009@live.fr Vol. 10, N°. 1, June 2019 232
ŒÛë‰@æìu@†äÇ@òÛa†ÈÛa@òíŠÄã@Þý@åß@Ú’½a@“îÈÛa@ÕÏc
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@‰…bÔÛa@†jÇ @‰aŠm@åi @ @ @ @æaŠçë@òÈßbu 2 @L @ @ aek12009@live.fr Þb‰⁄a@ƒí‰bm @Z 31 @O 12 @O 2018 @ ÞìjÔÛa@ƒí‰bm@[ @Z 28 @O 02 @O 2019 @ @ @ @The horizon of co-existence through: the theory of justice at John Rawls
Abstract:
The theory of justice at John Rawls is a complementary and communicative project to the path of modernity and light, and the integration of moral philosophy within the Western political system, which has become a situation of the absence of moral dimension in the daily dealings between individuals within political, social and economic institutions, which has dominated With the principle of expediency, man became a means and not an end, clear us live according to the principle (man for the economy) instead of the idea (economy for human).
Through the principles of justice, John Rawls has been able to uncover the danger that can undermine the foundations
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of any political system, whatever its ability to produce prosperity, if at the same time it cannot bring all members of society within its conception, where John Rawls refuses to sacrifice even a few members of society at the expense of realizing the benefits and accumulating Here.
The value of man to Rawls is the value of values, and justice is the first virtue that would give him the sense of his inherent existence, in which he is the ruler and at the same time governed.
The principles of justice proposed by Rawls as a method of continuity of the liberal political system as a collective constitutional legitimacy for all parties within the political body are implicitly reflected within the basic structure of society where the principles of justice themselves are presented within the institutions and political and social structures in the forms , which is conducive to the establishment of peace and coexistence within the values of unity and solidarity among all.
Keywords: justice; fairness; modernity; expediency; coexistence. —‚ܽa Z Čæg @ òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ †äÇ @ @æìu ŒÛë‰ @ ÊëŠ’ß @ ïÜîàØm @ ïÜ•aìmë @ ‰b½ @ òqa†§a @ L‰aìãþaë @ wß…ë @ òÐÜÐÜÛ @ òîÓýþa @ Ýa… @ òßìÄä½a @ òîbîÛa @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 234 òîiŠÌÛa @ Ûa @ oz™c @ “îÈm @ òÛby @ åß @ lbîË @ †ÈjÛa @ ïÓýþa @ ¿ @ pýßbÈnÛa @ òîßìîÛa @ ´i @ …aŠÏþa @ Ýa… @ pbû½a @ òîbîÛa @ òîÇbànuüaë @ Lòí…b–nÓüaë @ @ @ Ûaë @ Šİî @ bèîÜÇ @ c†jß @ òîÈÐäÛa @ ‰b–Ï @ æbã⁄a @ òÜîë @ ü @ LòíbË @ bäîz™cë @ “îÈã @ ÕÏë @ c†jß @I æbã⁄a @ åß @ Ýuc @ …b–nÓüa @H Þ†i @ ñŠØÏ @I …b–nÓüa @ åß @ Ýuc @ æbã⁄a NH @ @ @†ÔÛ Êbİna @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ åß @ Þý @ ù…bjß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ æc @ Ñ’Øí @ Šİ¨a @ ðˆÛa @ åع @ æc @ â†èí @ c @ ðc @ òßìÄäß @ òîbî @ bàèß @ oãb× @ bèm‰†Ó @ óÜÇ @ xbnãg @ òîçbÏČŠÛa @ a‡g @ @ Éİnm @ ¿ @ oÓìÛa @ éäîÇ @ æc @ É࣠@ Ý× @ …aŠÏc @ Éàna @ Ýa†i @ LbèßìèÐß @ sîy @ œÏ‰ @ ŒÛë‰ @ òîzšnÛa @ ìÛë @ ÝîÜÔÛbi @ åß @ …aŠÏc @ Éàna @ óÜÇ @ lby @ ÕîÔ¤ @ ÉÏbä½a @ bènà×aŠßë N @ @ æg @ òàîÓ @ æbã⁄a @ òjäÛbi @ @æìu@oÛ ŒÛë‰ @ ïç @ òàîÓ @ áîÔÛa L@ òÛa†ÈÛaë @ ïç @ òÜîšÐÛa @ µëþa @ Ûa @ åß @ bèãd‘ @ æc @ ézä· @ ê‰ìÈ‘ @ ê…ìuìi @ Ýî•þa @ ðˆÛa @ æìØí @ éîÏ @ ìç @ á×b§a @ ¿ë @ Ðã @ oÓìÛa @ âìØa @ N ù…bjàÏ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ûa @ bèyÓa @ ŒÛë‰ @ lìÜd× @ òí‰aŠànü @ âbÄäÛa @ ïbîÛa @ ïÛaîÜÛa @ òîÇŠ’× @ òí‰ìn… @ òîÇbº @ Éš± @ b @ Ý× @ ÒaŠþa @ Ýa… @ †¦a @ LïbîÛa @ ØÈäm @ bîäà™ @ Ýa… @ òîäjÛa @ òîbþa @ ÉànvàÜÛ @ sîy @ Šİm @ ù…bjß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bèÐã @ Ýa… @ pbû½a @ Ý×bîaë @ òîbîÛa @ òîÇbànuüaë @ ¿ @ ÞbØ‘c @ ñ…ȆÈnß @L
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@åí…Ȇa@ …†yc@ éЕìi@ ŒÛë‰@æìu@ éÜuc@ åß@ Ý™bã@ bß@aˆç@ ÝÈÛë ïÇbànu⁄a@†ÔÈÛa@òíŠÄäÛ@å튕bȽa L@ åØÛë @ ñ‰ì–i @ Šr×c @ òîÛì @ sîy @ oÜrß @ òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ éí†Û @ òİÔã @ ÉbÔm @ âìÜÈÛ @ týq Z@ òbîÛa @ …b–nÓüaë @ LæìãbÔÛaë @ bà× @ o‰ @ éníŠÄã @ …bÈic @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ÉànvàÜÛ @ ïÛaîÜÛa @ Š§a @ åß @ Þý @ òܺ @ ù…bj½a @ Ûa @ bèyÔí @ ¿ @ éibn× @ òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ lbn×ë @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Òb–ãh× @ Éß @ ê†î×dm @ áöaȆÛa @ óÜÇ @ Čæc @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïç @ òÜîšÐÛa @ µëþa @ Ûa @ k¯ @ æc @ ŠÏaìnm @ ¿ @ Ý× @ †u @ òÛëȆÛa @ ÑÜn‚¶ @ émbûß @ émfîçë N@ @ČÝÈÛë ìçë@bäãbç‡c@¿@bàèß@üúbm@Šİí@Õj@bß @Z @ŒÛë‰@æìu@éyŠİí@‰Čì–m@ðc @“îÈÛa@ÕÏc@sÈi@¿@éí†Û@òÛa†ÈÛa@òíŠÄã@oàèc@ô†ß@ðc@µgë@_òÛa†ÈÜÛ _ïãbã⁄a@Éàna@Ýa…@Ú’½a @ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bèЕìi @ bÏb–ãg Z @ @ ÞìÔí @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ @ ZC æg @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïç @ òÜîšÐÛa @ µëþa @ pbČûàÜÛ @ LòîÇbànuüa @ bà× @ ïç @ òÔîÔ§a @ òàÄãÿÛ @ LòíŠØÐÛa @ bàèßë @ oãb× @ òíŠÄäÛa @ òÔîãc @ ñ†–nÔßë @ Ȇiü @ åß @ bèšÏ‰ @ a‡g @ oãb× @ Ë @ LòÓ…b• @ ÙÛˆ× @ Šßþa @ òjäÛbi @ µg @ ´ãaìÔÛa @ pbČû½aë @ bàèß @ oãb× @ ñdÐ× @ ñ†Čîuë @ LÝîØ’ČnÛa @ †iü @ åß @ bèyý•g @ ëc @ bbİig @ a‡g @ oãb× @ Ë @ òÛ…bÇ @D N I @LŒÛë‰@æìu 2011 @Z 29،30 NH @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 237 ÑØÇ@ †ÔÛ @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ ˆäß @ Ñ–näß @ æŠÔÛa @ å튒ÈÛa @ óÜÇ @ òa‰… @ Êì™ìß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ åß @ Þý @ òܺ @ ñ…ȆÈnß @ åß @ LbíbšÔÛa @ ošÏc @ µg @ ñ‰ìÜi @ ‰Čì–m @ âììß @7 C òíŠÄã @ ñ†í†u @ òÛa†ÈÜÛ @ òîÇbànuüa CN @I @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @ Z 235 @ NH @ sîy @ åØí @ lbn× @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa C @ ‰…b–Ûa @ òä @ 1971 â @ ðˆÛaë @ †Èí @ Ñ•Ûû½a @ îöČŠÛa @ æì¦ @ ŒÛë‰ @ †îÛë @ LòÏ†Č–Ûa @ b¸gë @ ém…üë @ oİjm‰a @ pbÄzÜi @ òÜíì @ åß @ ÝßdnÛa @ szjÛaë @ Šàn½a @ Þaì @ paìä @ pbäîà¨a @ LpbäînÛaë @ †ÔÛ @ æb× @ br¡ @ bÓb‘ @ åÇ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ýa… @ æbã⁄a I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 235 NH @ @ †ÔÛ @ t†yc @ lbn× @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa C @ ü†u @ aj× @ ¿ @ Âbëþa @ òîÏbÔrÛa @ LòîiŠÌÛa @ óÜÇ @ ‰bjnÇa @ æc @ ÊëŠ’ß @ éníŠÄã @ ¿ @ aˆç @ Þba @ @ Ñ•Óìní @ †äÇ @ …ë†y @ LòÄz•ÜÛa @ ÙÛ‡ë @ ÑÛû½a @ á‚šÛa @ b¸gë @ Šàna @ åß @ Þý @ émbibn× @ LòÔyýÛa @ ò•b @D òÛa†ÈÛa @ Òb–ãh× C @ ðˆÛa @ ‰†• @ òä @ 2001 Lâ @ ë @ ÑÓìní @ œjã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ †äÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ µg @ òíbË @ òä @ 2000 â@ ðc @ ÝjÓ @ ´nä @ åß @ LémbÏë @ †ÔÛ @ æb× @ ÊëŠ’ß @ ñbîy @ îÛë @ …ČŠ© @ Ñ•Ûûß @ Lā‰bÇ @ óÜÇë @ aˆç @ ÷bþa @ àÜã @ ŒÛë‰ @ ¿ @ Ý× @ ë‰ @ æŠÔÛa @ Lå튒ÈÛa @ éãg @ ÝàÇ @ x‰b @ ‰bg @ LåߌÛa @ bäçë @ ‹m @ òàÄÇ @ òÐÜÐÛa @ Ûa @ …ŠÏc @ b @D Þ‰b× @ bí ÷j O karl jaspers C@ bibn× @ Ýà° @ aˆç @ æaìäÈÛa @N I @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 236 NH @ @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 238 †ÔÛ @ Ú‰…c @ ŒÛë‰ @ Ýܨa @ Ý•b§a @ ¿ @ òîäç‡ @ ØÐnÛa @ Ûa @ pŠİî @ óÜÇ @ Ýà© @ éb¸c @ Þý @ æŠÔÛa @ Lå튒ÈÛa @ ðˆÛaë @ æb× @ ¿ @ õŒu @ j× @ éäß @ aŠqdnß @ l C c†jß @ òÈÐä½a C @ aˆç @ þa @ ðˆÛa @ óz™c @ Ájí @ éiìÜc @ óÜÇ @ Ý× @ pbûß @ òÛëȆÛa @ ÑÜn‚¶ @ LbbØ‘c @ Éß @ Š @ ‰bÈ‘ @D ñ…bÈÛa @ òČíŠr×ÿÛ C@ üë @ ‰Š™ @ åß @ …ìuë @ ò•ÜÓ @ Lòß늪 @ ëc @ ïãbÈm @ bibîË @ òÛa†ÈÜÛ @ ¿ @ bèmbîy N @ @ æg @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ Ûa @ d’äm @ åß @ Òýna @ õa‰Ła @ āŠÐmë @ Ê욨a @ ðcŠÛ @ òîjÜËþa @ †iü @ b @ åß @ âaya @ ÕîÔ¤ë @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ò÷ÐÜÛ @ Ûa @ ü @ óČäjnm @ wèã @ ëc @ Š @ LòîjÜËþa @ æþ @ bçjÈm @ åÇ @ bèšÏ‰ @ †Ó @ @ åß @ Þý @ lìÜþa @ LïaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ ÙÛˆÛ @ k¯ @ âaya @ pbÇbäÓ @ …aŠÏþa @ ÝjÓ @ LpbÇbà¦a @ aˆØçë @ †¬ @ æc @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ Ú‰…c @ püýn⁄a @ òàöbÔÛa @ ¿ @ Ýa… @ òîäi @ ŠØÐÛa @ ïÈÐäÛa @ LïiŠÌÛa @ æbØÏ @ Ýu‰ @ ֆȖÛa @ LòČîvÛaë @ ÉÓaìÛaë @ ðˆÛa @ ÕÏaìí @ Õ§a @ òÔîÔ§aë @ ìç @ æc @ âìîÛa @ cìc @ åß @ Lòy‰bjÛa @ éîÜÇë @ ïÌjäí @ õbäi @ ÝØ‘ @ †í†u @ ÝßbÈnÜÛ @ ´i @ …aŠÏþa @ Lpbû½aë @ aˆØçë @ åÜÇc @ åÇ @ …ýîß @ òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïठ@ òîãbã⁄a @ îÛë @ òîÜÓþa @ LÁÔÏ @ bèãg @ òíŠÄã @ o¤ @ óàß @ D òÛa†ÈÛa @ ôì–ÔÛa C @ @ b߆äÈÏ @ Åyýã @ òßìÄä½a @ òîibÔÈÛa @ ¿ @ bîãbİíŠi @ ýrß @ Ûaë @ æb× @9 @D u ïß @äi r âb M Jeremy Bentham C@ Šqc @ j× @ ¿ @ îdnÛa @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 239 b @ bíŠÄã @ bàäîy @ ČŠ•c @ óÜÇ @ æc @ Ýठ@ òiìÔÈÛa @ òݕܽa @ óÜÇ @ âŠa @ ñ†öbÏ @ òÛë†ÜÛ @ Éànaë @ ×c @ åß @ òàîÓ @ dݨa @ kØmŠ½a @ åß @ LéÜjÓ @ bäç @ ü @ |àÜã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ b¸gë @ òÈÐä½a @ óny @ bàäîy @ kÓbÈã @ ëc @ ÉÓìã @ þa @ óÜÇ @ ´ßŠa @N I @Lpìibß 1985 @Z 20 NH @ aˆØçë @ æhÏ @ áíbnäi @D ÝßbÈm @ Éß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ åß @ ÕÜİäß @ bß @ ïmdí @ ñ…bÈÛbi @ ×þ @ …†Ç @ åß @ LŠ’jÛa @ ïÛbnÛbië @ ê…bànÇa @ óÜÇ @ ñŠØÏ @ òÈÐä½a C @N I @Lñ‰b’i@ïßŒÇ 2013 @Z 19 NH @ @ †ÔÛ @ æb× @ ŒÛë‰ @ Ú‰†í @ a†Čîu @ åß @ Þý @ éi‰b£ @ òîmbî§a @ òiìz–½a @ émŠÄäi @ òbnÛa @ µg @ áÜÄÛa @ …a†jnüaë @ ðˆÛa @ éÔ§c @ õbäic @ ém†Üu @ åß @ ´îØíŠßþa @ æbØi @ paŠàÈn½a @ LòîÔíŠÏ⁄a @ †ÈjÏ @ áèÜíì¤ @ µg @ †îjÇ @ æëŠí†í @ òÜvÇ @ ÝàÈÛa @ ïÇa‰ŒÛa @ ïÇbä–Ûaë @ ¿ @ LbØíŠßc @ aë†àÇ @ µg @ —Ü‚nÛa @ áèäß @ bî߉ @ ¿ @ ŠzjÛa @ a‡g @ aëŒvÇ @ åÇ @ òÜ•aìß @ LÝàÈÛa @ @ åØí @ ŒÛë‰ @ bÔÏaìß @ óÜÇ @ ÊëŠ’ß @ ÝjÔnß @ Laˆè× @ aˆç @ bß @ éÜÈu @ bîØíŠßc @ k•bäí @ ´îØíŠßþa @ Lõa†ÈÛa @ áèãg @ Ë @ ´Û…bÇ @ aˆç @ bß @ éÈÏ… @D ¿ @ Ý× @ ñČŠß @ æb× @ ‰ëŒí @ bèîÏ @ Låİä‘aë @ êaŠã @ †àÈní @ ñ‰bí‹ @ k–äÛa @ ð‰b׈nÛa @9 C âbçaŠic @ åÛìØäÛ C @ ÙÛ‡ë @ bÏaÇa @ éäß @ …bÐi @ êˆç @ Lò‰bà½a @ ñ‰ëŠšië @ bèöbÌÛg C @ N I @ Læìnãìu@ †îÐí… 2012 @Z 237 NH @@ aˆç @ ÝÈubß @ ŒÛë‰ @ Ú‰†í @D æc @ ÑäÈÛa @ c†i @ ˆäß @ ‰ëˆ¦a @I ¿ @ ñ…big @ …ìäa @ Šà§a @ ÊaŠ–Ûaë @ óÜÇ @ …‰aì½a @ ā‰þaë @ H ÝČràníë @ â†Ç @ åßþa @ ¿ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 240 òÇŠ @ õbäÌnüa @ åÇ @ ðc @ —‚‘ @ Ýa… @ ÝàÈÛa @ æë… @ óny @ õbİÇg @ ‰Čß C @N I @Lb•@Šš@òîßb 2005 @Z 03،04 NH @ @ Čæg @ Ý× @ âý× @ åع @ æc @ ‰brí @ Þìy @ Êì™ìß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bäÜȯ @ szjã @ ¿ @ òÈîj @ âbÄäÛa @ ïbîÛa @ ðˆÛa @ Õ•Ô° @ émbç @ òàîÔÛa @ Ûa @ ŠÄã @ bèîÛg @ ŒÛë‰ @ óÜÇ @ bèãc @ òÜîšÐÛa @ Lµëþa @ åØÛë @ …Šv¶ @ Òb’n×a @ Þýna @ Ýa… @ ñbî§a @ òí…b–nÓüa @ bß @ Ýȯ @ œÈi @ |öaŠ‘ @ Éàna @ †ÔnÐm @ òÛa†ÈÛ @ LÉí‹ìnÛa @ aˆç @ nÈí @ ×c @ ÝîÛ… @ óÜÇ @ æc @ aˆç @ âbÄäÛa @ ïbîÛa @ bČíc @ æb× @ éÜØ‘ @ bàèßë @ æb× @ éa @ ìç @ Ë @ LÞ…bÇ @ åßë @ áq @ k¯ @ æc @ ÞëŒí @ N bà× @ æc @ ü @ òÛa†Ç @ Éí‹ìnÛa @ pa‚ÜÛ @ Ýa… @ Éàna @ ïç @ ×c @ ÝîÛ… @ óÜÇ @ ü @ òÛa†Ç @ Éí‹ìnÛa @ ¿ @ k•bä½a @ LòîbîÛa @D –îÛ @ aŒØmŠß @ ¿ @ †í @ —‚‘ @ †yaë @ ézä¹ @ å½ @ êaŠí @ ìç @ bjbäß @ ü @ å½ @ êaŠí @ kÈ’Ûa @ LÙÛˆ× @ ìçë @ ÚìÜ @ ꆕŠã @ óÜÇ @ Ýîj @ Þbr½a @ ¿ @ bß @ âbÓ @ éi @ Þ‰b‘ @ Š‘bÈÛa @ ¿ @ bãŠÏ @ òä @ 1830 â@ bäçë @ ÞìÔí @ òÇbω @ ðëbİèİÛa @ åÇ @ Ùܽa ZC @ áq @ éãc @ óènãa @ êŠßc @ µg @ æc @ Ùnç @ ´ãaìÔÛa @ Ûa @ ïç @ ÉöaŠ‘ @ òíëbãŠÐÛa @ LbèÐÛbë @ ÝjÓë @ éØnç @ òÈ튒ÜÛ @ oãbi @ éäß @ Lpa‰bßc @ ÙÛ‡ @ …ČŠv¶ @ ê†îÜÔm @ ñ‰a‹ìÛa @ Ší‹ìÜÛ @ LÖbîäÛìi @ ÞbÔíë @ æc @ aˆç @ Ší‹ìÛa @ è‘ @ áÜÄÛbi @ L‰ì¦aë @ åßë @ áاa @ Ûa @ ¿ @ òíbË @ Êìî’Ûa @ æc @ áÜà @ Êbjm⁄a @ Òbšß @ µg @ Êìjn½a C @N I pŒÇ @ @ïãŠÓ @L 1985 @Z 75 NH @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 241 aˆØçë @ ‰Čìİní @ ÷by⁄a @ áÜÄÛbi @ –nÛ @ éÈß @ ñbî§a @ ýØ‘ @ ü @ Öbİí @ åÜÈí @ åÇ @ òíbèã @ LòÛëȆÛa @ aˆç @ bß @ ÉÏ… @ †Ûìã‰di @ äíìm @ ÞìÔÜÛ @ ædi @D kj @ ‰bîèãa @ ñ‰bš§a @ Éua‰ @ ÷bþbi @ µg @ æa†ÔÏ @ òîÜÓþa @ òà×b§a @ bènÓb @ òîÇa†i⁄a @ bßë @ wnäí @ åÇ @ ÙÛ‡ @ åß @ Þý−a @ ïÇbànua @ ð…ûí @ µg @ lbîË @ LõüìÛa @ ÉÔîÏ @ ‰bîèã⁄a C I@N †Ûb @ …aûÏ @ @|İz @L 2009 @Z 102 NH @ @ åßë @ bäç @ ü @ ôë†u @ åß @ s톧a @ åÇ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bèЕìi @ bÏb–ãg @ •üg @ b߆äÇ @ szjã @ åÇ @ þa @ òí…b–nÓüa @ òí‰bČÛa @ ÞìÈнa @ bß @ a‡g @ oãb× @ áÄäm @ Éí‹ìm @ pa¨a @ óÜÇ @ Ý× @ pb÷Ï @ Éàna @ ÝØ’i @ Þ…bÇ N @ @ éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ ÁîÜm @ õìšÛa @ óÜÇ @ ñbî§a @ òîÇbànuüa @ ðþ @ Éàn© @ Læb× @ ç ì @ ê†yë @ ÝîÐØÛa @ òϊȶ @ óäŽjÛa @ òîbîÛa @ òÈîjë @ xbnãg @ LòİÜÛa @ ÙÛˆië @ æìØm @ òa‰… @ Éàna @ ïç @ bß @ bäzä¹ @ ñ‰†ÔÛa @ óÜÇ @ õbäi @ ‰Čì–nÛa @ |îz–Ûa @ åÇ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ õaì @ bç…ìuë @ âc @ bèibîË @ b¶ @ ¿ @ ÙÛ‡ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ òîbîÛa N @ @ †ÔÛ @ å•İÐm @ ŒÛë‰ @ µg @ Ö‹d½a @ ﱉbnÛa @ LæbãfiÛ @ sîy @ Š–na @ æëŠØнa @ òÐýÐÛaë @ éφç @ ¿ @ ñ…bÈÛa @ Þ†i @ Lò튧a @ †ÔÛ @ Ȇ¤ oq @ Ý× @ 늖Ûa @ òîÐÜÐÛa @ åÇ @ ñ…bÈÛa @ óÜÇ @ bç‰bjnÇa @ òíbË @ …ìuìÜÛ @ Lïãbã⁄a @ bà× @ kç‡ @ µg @ ÙÛ‡ @ LæìîÈÐäÛa @ åØÛë @ ŒÛë‰ @ ôŠí @ æc @ ñ…bÈÛa @ bß @ ïç @ üg @ ñ†yaë @ åß @ òܺ @ pbíbÌÛa @ Ûa @ Ò†èí @ æbã⁄a @ µg @ LbèÔîÔ¤ @ ÚbäèÏ @ åß @ †¯ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 242 ém…bÈ @ ¿ @ êŠÔÏ @ Þbrß @ Z ÷ìÛìi @ jØÛa @ ¿ @ Lòîzî½a @ Úbäçë @ åß @ †¯ @ ém…bÈ @ ¿ @ áÜÈÛa @ µg @ Ë @ ÙÛ‡ N @ @ æg @ ò튧a @ †äÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ ïç @ áÜČÛa @ ðˆÛa @ †È–ã @ åß @ éÛý @ Ý–äÛ @ µg @ ðc @ òíbË @ òîmbîy @ óÜÇ @ bèjÈ’m @ Lbç…ȆÈmë @ åßë @ bäç @ d’äm @ òí…ȆÈnÛa @ bèÈßë @ LòîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ æìØîÏ @ …ýîß @ ò튧a @ ìç @ …ýîß @ òí…†ÈnÛa I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 237،238 NH @ @ †ÔÛ @ oÐØÇ @ pbíŠÄã @ òÈÐä½a @ óÜÇ @ szjÛa @ åÇ @ ×c @ ‰†Ó @ åß @ ÉÏbä½a @ åß @ Ýuc @ ñ…bí‹ @ ôìnß @ “îÈÛa @ ém…ìuë @ †äÇ @ LŠ’jÛa @ æë… @ szjÛa @ åÇ @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ ÞbØ‘cë @ áîÔm @ ñëŠČrÛa @ ´i @ L÷bäÛa @ áè½a @ bèí†Û @ ìç @ òà×aŠß @ ×c @ ‰†Ó @ åß @ ÉÏbä½a @ N ¿ @ ´y @ ôŠí @ ŒÛë‰ @ æc @ ÷bc @ ‰aŠàna @ ðc @ òûß @ òîbî @ ëc @ òîÇbànua @ ìç @ bèÔîÔ¤ @ LòÛa†ÈÜÛ @ bà× @ k¯ @ bb–÷na @ bçúbÌÛgë @ a‡g @ o•Üc @ Š’i @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ ægë @ oãb× @ ÕÔ¤ @ LÉÏbä½a @ bäçë @ Åyýã @ ÖŠÐÛa @ ðŠçì¦a @ ´i @ pbíŠÄã @ òÈÐä½a @ Ûa @ ŒØmŠm @ óÜÇ @ ¨a @ ÷bd× @ ¿ @ ´y @ ôŠí @ ŒÛë‰ @ æc @ âìèÐß @ Õ§a @ ìç @ ðˆÛa @ ïÌjäí @ æc @ âȆÔní @ ¨a @ ¿ @ òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @N I @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 239 NH @ @ szjí @‰ ŒÛë @ ¿ @ éníŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bÏb–ãg @ bbc @ åÇ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ LòîÇbànuüa @ åß @ Þý @ szjÛa @ åÇ @ þa @ Ûa @ k×í @ bèäß @ Ý× @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 243 LÉàn© @ anÈß @ æc @ pbČû½a @ Ûa @ ÒŠ’m @ LéîÜÇ @@ ïç @ Ûa @ åع @ æc @ ézä· @ ëc @ éjÜm @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ åß @ Þý @ óäjÛa @ òí…b–nÓ⁄a @ òîÏbÔrÛaë @ òîbîÛaë @ Ûa @ åع @ æc @ bèzä· @ œÈjÜÛ @ æë… @ Lå튣a @ bß @ Ýȯ @ ‰ìÈ‘ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bÔrjäß @ bbc @ åß @ ÙÜm @ òÛb§a @ òîÇbànuüa @ Ûa @ bèÈjİm @ ÙÜm @ pbČû½a @ óÜÇ @ ÉÓaë @ ñbîy @ ÷bäÛa @ ÙÛˆÛ @ ÞìÔí @ ׉bß @Z D îÛ @ ïÇë @ ÷bäÛa @ ìç @ ðˆÛa @ …Ȇ° @ Láç…ìuë @ b¸gë @ áç…ìuë @ ïÇbànuüa @ ìç @ ðˆÛa @ …†° @ áèîÇë @D L@ aˆØçë @ æhÏ @ Þì… @ bÈÛa @ ¿ @ õì™ @ pbûß @ òÛë… @ òÛ…bÇ @ |ä· @ a‰†Ó @ aj× @ åß @ òí‰aŠàn⁄a @ ¿ @ “îÈÛa @ LÚ’½a @ æë… @ …ìuë @ kj @ œÓbäČnÜÛ @ ÊaŠ–Ûaë @ ´i @ paëˆÛa @ bà× @ kç‡ @ µg @ ÙÛ‡ @ Þ‰b× @ ׉bß C I@ N @†îÐí… @Læìnãìu 2012 @Z 242 NH @ @ éîÜÇë @ k¯ @ õbäi @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ òîÔîÔ§a @ òvnä½a @ òÛa†ÈÜÛ @ òîÔîÔ§a @ åß @ Þý @ ò×aŠ’Ûa @ òîbîÛa @ Éîঠ@ pb÷Ï @ LÉàna @ bèÜÈuë @ ¿ @ áš @ ñŠöa… @ ”bÔäÛa @ ‰aì§aë @ Þìy @ ´ãaìÔÛa @ kuaìÛa @ bèÈ™ë @ bç…bànÇaë @ ÉuŠà× @ ð‰b @ ÞìÈнa @ óÜÇ @ LÉîà¦a @ aˆç @ ‰ëȆÛa @ ðˆÛa @ Šèm @ Éîº @ pbûß @ Éàna @ ïㆽa @ óÜÇ @ âbîÔÛa @ Léi @ ¿ë @ aˆç @ …†–Ûa @ ÞìÔí @D ÝîÐ×ìm C @Z D pbîÈà¦a @ îÛ @ bèí†Û @ Õ§a @ ¿ @ É™ë @ LæìãbÔÛa @ åØÛë @ bèí†Û @ ñ‰†ÔÛa @ ò’Óbä½ @ bß @ ìç @ …ìuìß @ bßë @ Îb–î @ bßë @ É™ìî C I@ N @Lì@ éîuë‰
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 244 2003 @Z 38 @NH åßë @ bäç @ Åyýã @ ‹Šic @ áöbÇ… @ ŠØÐÛa @ ïÛaîÜÛa @ Š§a @ ðˆÛa @ óÈí @ ¿ @ Ý× @ òħ @ µg @ ´àrm @ áöbÇ… @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ òîÔîÔ§a @ åß @ Þý @ ò×aŠ’Ûa @ òîbîÛa @ Éîঠ@ pb÷Ï @ LÉàna @ õaì @ Ýa… @ laŒyþa @ òîbîÛa @ ëc @ pbûß @ Éàna @ ïㆽa @ ëc @ Ýa… @ paõbšÐÛa @ LòîßìàÈÛa @D ýÏ @ Ȇi @ æc @ Énàní @ Ý× @ ´×‰b’½a @ ˜ŠÐi @ òíëbnß @ jÈnÜÛ @ åÇ @ áèmbçb£a @ áçŠÇb’ßë @ áçbíaìãë @NNN LaˆØçë @ ÙÛ‡ë @ óny @ åع @ ´×‰b’àÜÛ @ æc @ aìãìØí @ L´Ó…b• @ †iüë @ æc @ aìÈnàní @ Œ×aŠ¶ @ òíëbnß @ µg @ †y @ Òb× @ |j–m @ ñaëb½a @ òîŠÛa @ ¿ @ õ†i @ òÈibnßë @ ‰aì§a @ aŠßc @ åع @ én‰b¾ @ ¿ @ ÉÓaìÛa C I@N pŠië‰ @c N @Þa… @L 1993 @Z 164 NH @ @ @M @ ûÏbØm @ ˜ŠÐÛa Z @ @ æg @ ŒÛë‰ @ |àİí @ µg @ åíìØm @ ñ†ÇbÓ @ ÝØ’m @ òİÔã @ Öýİãa @ ò×’ß @ Éîঠ@ LŠ’jÛa @ aˆç @ áèzä¹ @ pbyìà @ Þbßeë @ òíëbnß @ ¿ @ áç‰Čì–m @ ózä½ @ LáèÜjÔnß @ ØÇ @ pbÏýnüa @ ñČŠvä½a @ åÇ @ òħ @ …ýî½a @ òvînã @ pbíìn½a @ òîÇbànuüa @ LòmëbÐn½a @ bß @ Ýȯ @ òíúČŠÛa @ òîÜjÔn½a @ ˆdm @ a‰bß @ a…Ȇª @ b @ ˆäß @ Lòía†jÛa @ ðc @ ˆäß @ òħ @ pëbÐnÛa @ LÒýnüaë @ ðˆÛa @ émČŠÓc @ òÛb§a @ òîÇbànuüa @ ÝØÛ @ æbãg @ ðc @ éÈ™ìß @ Ýa… @ Éàna @ ðˆÛa @ †uë @ LéîÏ @ éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ c†jß @ ûÏbØm @ ˜ŠÐÛa @ ¿ @ ñ…üìÛa @ L…ìuìÛaë @ ïÌjäí @ æc @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 245 éjyb–í @ ûÏbØm @ ˜ŠÐÜÛ @ ¿ @ ñß @ ñbî§a @ LòîÜàÈÛa @ Ýȯ @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ |àİí @ µg @ æc @ æìØí @ ìç @ LéÐã @ ü @ bß @ †uë @ éîÜÇ @ åß @ óäË @ ëc @ ŠÔÏ N @ @ æg @ |äß @ òÛëȆÛa @ bèmbûßë @ ˜ŠÐÛ @ òíëbnß @ ´äaìàÜÛ @ Ýȯ @ ÷byg @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ aìàäí @ LáèÜa†i @ áçë @ ¿ @ ÙÛ‡ @ æì׉†ß @ áèãc @ æëëbnß @ ¿ @ c†j½a @ Lò•ŠÐÛaë @ bßë @ Þëûn @ éîÛg @ áèmbîy @ b¸g @ ìç @ xbnã @ áèmb‰b¾ @ òíŠzÜÛ @ ÕÏë @ bß @ aìj–í @ |àİíë @ éÛ @ Ý× @ L…ŠÏ @ ò•ŠÐÛbÏ @ ñ†yaë @ ČåØÛ @ …bènuüa @ åíbjnß @ éÈßë @ åíbjnm @ wöbnäÛa @ LòîöbèäÛa @ æ‡g @ ü @ …ìuë @ pëbÐnÛ @ üë @ ñaëbß @ †äÇ @ òħ @ LÖýİãüa @ bà× @ ÑÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @ †äÇ @ òÛdß @ áîÔm @ ÉÏbä½a @ Ûa @ bèÔÔ¤ @ pbûß @ òÛë†Ûa @ LÉíŠ× @ ïÌjäîÏ @ æc @ æìØí @ Úbäç @ Éí‹ìm @ Þ…bÇ @ LñëŠrÜÛ @ ÕÏë @ c†jß @D Ý× @ ÕÏë @ Lém‰†Ó @ ÝØÛë @ ÕÏë @ émbubînya C I@ N @†îÐí… @Læìnãìu 2012 @Z 244 @NH éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ ñŠØÐÛa @ òšßbÌÛa @ ¿ë @ r× @ åß @ æbîyþa @ ò÷b¨a @ Ûa @ bèÜà° @ ÷bäÛa @ åÇ @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ oÜÈu @ åß @ kÈ–Ûa @ õbäi @ Éàn© @ LÞ…bÇ @ bäçë @ ÞìÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @Z D òÔíŠİÛa @ Ûa @ Š•ØÐã @ bèîÏ @ Òb–ã⁄bi @ ¿ @ ñbî§a @ òîßìîÛa @ ü @ bäÜÈ£ @ dČîènã @ b¶ @ kbäní @ Éß @ ‰ìÄä½a @ lìÜݽa @ ÝßdČnÜÛ @ ¿ @ ô†ß @ òÛa†Ç @ òjî×Ûa @ òîbþa @ bèma‡ C I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 244 NH @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 246 Čæg @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Òb–ãh× @ ky @ ŒÛë‰ @ ïç @ âìèÐß @ Íî• @ Éàn @ ïaŠÔ¹… I@N @LŒÛë‰@æìu 2009 @Z 143 @NH aˆØçë @ †ÔnÈí @ ædi @ éníŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïç @ òîÛbrß @ òã‰bÔ½bi @ Éß @ pbíŠÄäÛa @ òÔibÛa @ ëc @ LôŠþa @ åß @ sîy @ æc @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ûa @ †àÈí @ ëc @ †íŠí @ ŒÛë‰ @ æc @ …ìm @ ¿ @ LÉàna @ b¸g @ ïç @ òÈ™b @ òÇìà @ åß @ ù…bj½a @ Ûa @ …†¤ @ ÝØ‘ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ýa… @ áÄäÛa @ LòîÇbànuüa @ òÔíŠë @ áîÔm @ ÉÏbä½a I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 246 @NH óÜÇ @ ‰bjnÇa @ æc @ Éàna @ ûí @ éöbÔjÛ @ åß @ Þý @ †è¦a @ ïÇbà¦a @ ðˆÛa @ éîšÐm @ òîÜàÇ @ æëbÈnÛa @ òèib @ Lñbî§a @ òİ튑 @ æc @ Éš± @ aˆç @ þa @ LÒb–ãfiÛ @ éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ æëbÈnÛa @ ñ‰ëŠš× @ õbÔjÜÛ @ ´i @ …aŠÏþa @ ìç @ ×c @ LÒb–ãg @ åß @ sîy @ k¯ @ óÜÇ @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ æc @ Þˆjí @ a†èu @ åß @ Ýuc @ æc @ ÝànØm @ pbÔÜy @ òÜÜÛa I@ N @ Læìnãìu@ †îÐí… 2012 @ Z 247 @ NH ÙÛˆ× @ Þb§a @ óÜÇ @ ôìnß @ Þë… @ …b¤⁄a @ ïië‰ëþa @ ýrß @ ëc @ pb׊’Ûa @ ñ…†Èn½a @ Lpbîä¦a @ ñbî§bÏ @ ò׊‘ @ òîãbãg @ ÷c‰ @ bbß @ æìàçb½a @ LŠ’jÛa @ áç눰 @ Ò†ç @ kØÛa @ LÚ’½a @ †ÔÈÛbÏ @ ïÇbànuüa @ ´i @ ´äaì½a @ bß @ ìç @ •üg @ òjˉ @ ¿ @ “îÇ @ LÚ’ß @ bäçë @ ÞìÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @Z D |îní @ æëbÈnÛa @ ïÇbànu⁄a @ ñbîy @ ÝšÏc @ ÉîàvÜÛ @ Šr×c @ b¾ @ Ý–° @ ìÛ @ ”bÇ @ Ý× @ æbãg @ ꅊж @ a…bànÇa @ óÜÇ @ ê…ìèu @ ò•b¨a C I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 249 NH @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 247 bà× @ Åyýã @ bäç @ æc @ æýÇg @ òàÄäß @ Þ†ÈÛa @ òîÛëȆÛa @ æd’i @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ òîÇbànu⁄a @ åß @ Ýuc @ ò½ìÇ @ òÛ…bÇ @ †Ó @ ôìnya @ óÜÇ @ ‰bØÏc @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ûaë @ bÇ… @ bèîÛg @ æýÇ⁄a @ bà× @ óÇ… @ bèîÛg @ ŒÛë‰ @ bÔib @ åßë @ òܺ @ bß @ bÇ… @ éîÛg @D ØÈí @ æýÇ⁄a @ ÕÏaìm @ õa‰Ła @ ÉaìÛa @ Þìy @ òub§a @ µg @ †Èi @ ïÇbànua @ ´nß @ ò½ìÈÜÛ @ ÕîÔznÛ @ wmaìã @ òäČª @ òЖäßë @ LÉîàvÜÛ @ ìçë @ Ý•Ø’í @ a‰bg @ āìèäÜÛ @ ò½ìÈi @ LòÛ…bÇ @ òàöbÓ @ óÜÇ @ ÝàÈÛa @ ÕöýÛa @NNN ìçë @ ØÈí @ bšíc @ ñŠÄã @ òîÏaŠ’na @ òvnäß @ åß @ Þý @ ÁîÜm @ õìšÛa @ óÜÇ @ òîàçc @ pf’ä½a @ òßa†n½a @ ¿ @ ÕÜ @ †íŒ½a @ åß @ òÛbàÈÛa @ ˜ŠÏë @ k× @ ݆Ûa @ ÉîàvÜÛ C I@N @LïÛë†Ûa@ÝàÈÛa@Š·ûß 2008 @Z 01 NH @ @ òÜØ’½bÏ @ ky @ ŒÛë‰ @ Š–zäm @ ¿ @ òÔíŠ @ Éí‹ìm @ ÉÏbä½a @ òºbäÛa @ åÇ @ ÙÛ‡ @ …ìèa @ Ú’½a @ ´×‰b’àÜÛ @ ¿ @ òîÜàÇ @ Lxbnã⁄a @ aˆç @ bß @ Ýȯ @ åß @ ð‰ëŠšÛa @ É™ë @ ù…bjß @ åàšm @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ¿ @ LÉí‹ìnÛa @ bß @ Éφí @ ŒÛë‰ @ µg @ Õîîšm @ szjÛa @ Ýà’îÛ @ bÈàn© @ éäîÈi @ Þ†i @ òîãbã⁄a @ LÝØ× @ bà× @ Š–nÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @ ¿ @ érí†y @ Ýa… @ òíŠÄäÛa @ óÜÇ @ kbؽa @ æë… @ ábÔm @ âüŁa @ LõbjÇþaë @ óÜÇ @ ‰bjnÇa @ bäãc @ ü @ kØã @ Lbàöa… @ éäØÛë @ ôŠí @ ¿ @ ÝàÈÛa @ Ú’½a @ bàöa… @ bjØß @ LaõkÇü @ ¿ @ ´y @@ Œ×Ší @ ŒÛë‰ @ óÜÇ @ ÉÏbä½a @ ò×’½a @ éãhÏ @ ü @ tȆzní @ åÇ @ òàîÓ @ òàçbß @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ ¿ @ émbç @ kbؽa @ a…bÔnÇa @ éäß @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 248 ŒíbàČnÛbi @ Ý•b§a @ ¿ @ pa‰†Ó @ Š’jÛa @ Lòäíbjn½a @ Ûaë @ ÝÈ£ @ æëbÈnÛa @ ˆdí @ bÈib @ Ë @ ëbnß @ ëc @ Ýqbànß @ Òýnü @ pa‰†ÔÛa @ ò톦a @ òîÜÔÈÛaë @N I @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 251 @NH åßë @ bäç @ ÑÜn¥ @ kbؽa @ ÝČ–a @ bèîÜÇ @ åß @ …ŠÏ @ ŠŁ N @ @ Čæg @ ŒÛë‰ @ Þëb° @ æc @ Ý° @ aˆç @ ÞbØ‘⁄a @ bÓýİãa @ åß @ taÛa @ ïbîÛa @ ïiŠÌÛa @ åß @ Þý @ ‰aŠÓ⁄a @ ædi @ ñŠØÏ @ †ÔÈÛa @ LïÇbànuüa @ åß @ sîy @ bèãc @ ÕÏaìm @ ï™aŠmë @ ´i @ …aŠÏþa @ ÞìjÓë @ “îÈi @ Ú’ß @ ÕÏë @ ´ãaìÓ @ LòäîÈß @ æhÏ @ aˆç @ Þbrnßüa @ •Ù‘ü @ éãcë @ Éibã @ åß @ áç‰ìÈ‘ @ ædi @ émbç @ ´ãaìÔÛa @ Ûa @ áèàؤ @ ÕÔ¤ @ á @ LÞ†ÈÛa @ éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ ŒÛë‰ @ āÐí @ æc @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ ìç @ Š–äÇ @ Ý•aìní @ Éß @ òČîÔi @ Š•bäÈÛa @ åß @ Ýuc @ ÕîÔ¤ @ òÐîÃë @ kØÛa @ LÚ’½a @ åßë @ áq @ òÔíŠ @ Éí‹ìm @ kbؽa @ Ýa… @ Éàn© @ ÒaŠþa @ åß @ Þý @ òÇìà© @ åß @ ù…bjß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ LòîÇbànuüa @ éîÜÇë @ ŠÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @ pëbÐnÛbi @ ´i @ Š’jÛa @ ÙÛ‡ @ ø‘bäÛa @ åß @ òÈîj @ áîÔm @ LÝàÈÛa @ åØÛ @ Éß @ ÙÛ‡ @ óÔjm @ ñŠØÏ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Òb–ãh× @ ´i @ òÇìà© @ åß @ Š’jÛa @ åíëbnß @ ‰aŠycë @ åß @ Ýuc @ ÝàÈÛa @ LÚ’½a @ ïç @ ÷bþa @ ´n½a @ òÛë†ÜÛ @ LòîÛaîÜÛa @ bßë @ bèîà° @ ïç @ ù…bjß @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ Ûa @ bç‰ë†i @ ÊČŠ’m @ pëbÐnÜÛ @ éäØÛë @ ↱ @ òzÜ–ß @ Éîà¦a N @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 249 @ æg @ òî׊y @ ƒí‰bnÛa @ ü @ åع @ æc @ Ý–¤ @ ¿ @ Ýà @ ñaëbß @ òßbm @ ´i @ Ý× @ …aŠÏc @ LÉàna @ ƒí‰bnÛbÏ @ ÚČŠzní @ åß @ Þý @ ÊaŠČ–Ûa @ ïÔjİÛa @ ëc @ LpëbÐČnÛa @ æg @ aˆç @ pëbÐnÛa @ ðˆÛa @ t†zní @ éäÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ ìç @ âìت @ pbîÛfi @ éÜÈ£ @ ü…bÇ @ µg @ òu‰… @ éÜjÔí @ bèîÏ @ Éîà¦a @ N bäçë @ ’ã @ µg @ bß @ éäàšm @ æýÇg @ òàÄäß @ Þ†ÈÛa @ òîÛëȆÛa @ æd’i @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ òîÇbànuüa @ åß @ Ýuc @ ò½ìÇ @ òÛ…bÇ @ ‡g @D ŠÔí @ ædi @ òàÄä½ @ ÝàÈÛa @ òîÛë†Ûa @ bßaŒnÛa @ âbßc @ ÿ½a @ Š’äi @ ñìdžÛa @ ´i @ ÑÜn« @ áßc @ bÈÛa @ µg @ wßaŠi @ åß @ bèãd‘ @ æc @ ÕÔ¤ @ pbíbÌÛa @ òÜràn½a @ ¿ @ òÛbàÈÛa @ òÜßbØÛa @ Éωë @ pbíìnß @ ò’îȽa @ Šucë @ åàší @ a†y @ óã…c @ åß @ ôìnß @ ò’îȽa @ Éîìmë @ Öbİã @ paõaŠug @ æbàšÛa @ ïÇbànuüa @ ÏìnÛ @ Ý… @ ïbc @ Éîঠ@ ´ubna C I@N @LïÛë†Ûa@ÝàÈÛa@Š·ûß 2008 @Z 06 @NH @ @ ü @ åع @ c†jàÜÛ @ ïãbrÛa @ åß @ ù…bjß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ æc @ ání @ •üg @ a‡g @ æb× @ c†j½a @ Þëþa @ Ýßb× @ LÕîÔznÛa @ c†j½bÏ @ Þëþa @ åع @ énîàm @D c†jß @ ûÏbØm @ ˜ŠÐÛa C@ aˆç @ þa @ ðˆÛa @ ïÌjäí @ æc @ ÕÏaìí @ éîÜÇ @ Ý× @ …aŠÏc @ Éàna @ ê‰bjnÇbi @ c†j½a @ ëc @ ÕÜİä½a @ ÕîÔznÛ @ Éàna @ LÞ…bÈÛa @ éîÜÇë @ k¯ @ æc @ æìØm @ ù…bjß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ pbÇbäÓ @ bèÜà° @ Ý× @ åß @ ÒaŠþa @ ´ÜîÇbÐÛa @ ¿ @ ‰ìn… @ òäaì½a @I †ÔÈÛa @ ïÇbànuüa NH @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 250 æg @ âaŒnÛ⁄a @ ù…bj¶ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ òîÇbànuüa @ ïšÐí @ µg @ åíìØm @ Éàna @ Þ…bÈÛa @ Ý×b’½aë @ Ûa @ æìØm @ ñȆjnß @ LÉànbi @ ÞëŒm @ ÝØ’i @ ïöbÔÜm @ …ČŠv¶ @ æc @ êˆç @ ù…bj½a @ oz™c @ pbÇbäÓ @ “îÈí @ ¿ @ bèÜà @ L…aŠÏþa @ bäçë @ †×ûí @ ŒÛë‰ @ óÜÇ @ ñ‰ëŠ™ @ âbzÓg @ Ý× @ …aŠÏc @ Éàna @ ¿ @ ò‰bà½a @ LòîbîÛa @ åß @ sîy @ áè×ýnßa @ ñ‰†ÔÜÛ @ ò튧aë @ ¿ @ ØÐnÛa @ jÈnÛaë @ õa†igë @ õa‰Ła @ Þìy @ pb‘bÔäÛa @ LbíbšÔÛaë @ óÜÇ @ ‰bjnÇa @ æc @ ðc @ òbî @ ÕČjİm @ LáèîÜÇ @ ïç @ †èu @ Ú’ß @ ÕÜİäí @ åß @ c†j½a @ ÷bþa @ ¿ @ òíŠÄã @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ òËbî–ÛbÏ @ òîbîÛa @ Ýa… @ òÛëȆÛa @ ïç @ ò׉b’ß @ òîÇbº @ ØÈm @ ñŠÄã @ Éàn© @ µg @ òܺ @ åß @ bíbšÔÛa @ îÛë @ ñŠÄã @ òÔj @ Lòà×by @ ¿ @ ´y @ æc @ ïÓbi @ …aŠÏc @ Éàna @ æ왉bÈß @ Lb @ bà× @ bÇ… @ ŒÛë‰ @ µg @ â†Ç @ ÷b½a @ òíČŠ¡ @ …aŠÏþa @ LòÏbz–Ûaë @ Éäßë @ ÞbÔnÇüa @ ïöaì’ÈÛa I@N @Læìnãìu@†îÐí… 2012 @Z 256 NH @ @ æg @ aˆç @ x‡ìàäÛa @ ðˆÛa @ éyÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @ òÛa†ÈÜÛ @ òîbîÛa @ ìç @ bß @ ÝàÈn @ pbíüìÛa @ ñ†zn½a @ óÜÇ @ énîjrm @ Ýa… @ bèmbûß @ ìçë @ bß @ ꆕ×ûí @ pŠië‰ @ Þa… @I 1915 â M 2014 â @ H ´y @ ÞìÔí @ Z D æc @ ñbî§a @ òîbîÛa @ òîØíŠßþa @ ŒČîànm @ …ȆÈni @ ÞýÔnaë @ Œ×aŠß @ ‡b¥a @ Lpa‰aŠÔÛa @ üë @ †uìí @ ¿ @ Ýà @ aˆç @ …ȆÈnÛa @ ïbîÛa @ òj® @ ëc @ òÔj @ …ìm @ ñbî§a @ òîbîÛa @ ëc @ Šİîm @ LbèîÜÇ @ Ýi @ óÜÇ @ ØÈÛa @ †uìí @ †í†ÈÛa @ åß @ ñ…bÔÛa @ åíˆÛa @ æìcŠí @ pbÇbº @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 251 Lò•ÜÔnß @ õüûçë @ æìÏbäní @ bãbîyc @ æìÐÜmdíë @ bãbîyc @ ôŠc @ ÝØ’i @ ŠČîÌí @ ñ‰ì• @ Éàna @ ýi @ ÑÓìm @ o¤ @ òibÓ‰ @ kÈ’Ûa C I@ N …bÈ @ @ ðëbÓŠ’Ûa @L 2007 @Z 261 NH @ @ ¿ë @ Ðã @ …†Č–Ûa @ †×ûí @ pŠië‰ @ Þa… @ ¿ @ éibn× @D åÇ @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa C@ ôìÇ… @ ŒÛë‰ @ Þìy @ ñ‰ëŠ™ @ ò׉b’½a @ òîbîÛa @ sîy @ ÞìÔí @ pŠië‰ @ Þa… @Z D îÛc @ åß @ kuaìÛa @ æc @ æìØí @ ´äaìàÜÛ @ Õy @ Lò׉b’½a @ Õyë @ jÈnÛa @ åÇ @ áèöa‰e @ ¿ @ ‰ìßþa @ LòîbîÛa @ æcë @ aìÈàí @ bß @ †íŠí @ æìäaì½a @ æ늣a @ æc @ LêìÛìÔí @ æcë @ aì’Óbäí @ ‰ìßþa @ òîbîÛa @ Éß @ ´äaìß @ _åíŠe @ ëc @ ŠÄääÛ @ µg @ bß @ éj•Üİní @ Õy @ Loíì–nÛa @ æcë @ ȆÈm @ áèmaì•c @ LòçaŒäi @ Ýr½bië @ Éß @ îíbÔß @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ ôŠþa @ Z åàÏ @ |™aìÛa @ æc @ ´äaì½a @ k¯ @ æc @ æìØí @ á @ Õy @ òa‰… @ LÝöa†jÛa @ Õyë @ ò׉b’½a @ ¿ @ ŠíŠÔm @ bß @ x‰†í @ ¿ @ Þë†u @ ÞbàÇþa @ òîÐî×ë @ éua‰…g @NN aˆØçë C I@N pŠië‰ @ cN @Þa… @L 2000 @Z 49 NH @ @ †ÔÛ @ Êbİna @ ŒÛë‰ @ æc @ ŠČjÈí @ åÇ @ Ýöa†jÛa @ òí‰ëŠšÛa @ x늂ÜÛ @ åß @ Lpbß‹þa @ âȆÔíë @ bc @ õbäjÛ @ Éàna @ LÞ…bÈÛa @ †ÔÛ @ åße @ Õ§bi @ ¿ @ LÒýnüa @ óÈë @ µg @ Éîìm @ é’ßaìç @ éãþ @ ôŠí @ ¿ @ é–îÜÔm @ bj•Ü–m @ ´íaŠ’Û @ ŠØÐÛa @ LŠ§a @ ðcŠÛaë @ LŠ§a @ Ýa… @ bãaìÓ @ òî§a @ N aˆç @ ìç @ ŒÛë‰ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 252 ðˆÛa @ @ ÉİÔäí @ éäÇ @ ïyë @ †ÔäÛa @ ïmaˆÛa @ Þý @ éÇëŠ’ß @ †nà½a @ Ç @ Ñ–ã @ æŠÓ @ åß @ LåߌÛa @ ‰bna @ éîÏ @ énèuë @ üc @ ïçë @ òèuë @ LkÈ’Ûa @ aˆç @ bß @ éÜÈu @ ÉÏa†í @ òmbànbi @ åÇ @ b–Ûa @ âbÈÛa @ …Ȇäíë @ ñ†’i @ ÝØi @ bß @ ¿bäí @ òzÜ–ß @ kÈ’Ûa @ âbÈÛa N @ @ †ÔÛ @ ŠÄã @ ŒÛë‰ @ µg @ ÉÓaë @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ¿ @ LlŠÌÛa @ àÜÏ @ püýn⁄a @ Ýa… @ pbßìÄä½a @ óäjÛaë @ òíŠØÐÛa @ Ûa @ LéÈä–m @ sîy @ @ åØí @ ŒÛë‰ @ åß @ Ýçc @ ÑèØÛa @ ë @ åØí @ “îÈí @ ¿ @ pbj @ ÕîàÇ @ óny @ ÉİÔäm @ éäÇ @ ‰bjc @ òbîÛa @ …b–nÓüaë @ ¿ @ Léäë @ ÝjÔîÏ @ âbÓ‰di @ æë… @ ÉÓë @ Š×ˆí @ óÜÇ @ lìîu @ ´äaì½a @ óÜÇë @ áè’îÈß @ LïßìîÛa @ ónyë @ ÝjÔí @ âýØi @ Ë @ ÊìÐ’ß @ òibvnbi @ òîÔîÔy @ paŠ‘û½ @ …b–nÓüa @ LïØíŠßþa @ óÜÇë @ ÷c‰ @ òàöbÔÛa @ Š‘ûß @ ÝîÌ’nÛa @ ñ‰†ÔÛaë @ òîöaŠ’Ûa @ õbİjÜÛ @ bßë @ Šr×c @ õbİjÛa @N @ @ aˆØçë @ æhÏ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïšnÔm @ ñaëb½a @ ¿ @ ˜ŠÐÛa @ ðc @ æc @ Ý× @ ÞbÐþa @ Ýa… @ Éàn© @ bß @ á @ Ðã @ Õ§a @ ¿ @ áîÜÈnÛa @ òíbÇŠÛaë @ Lòîz–Ûa @ æë… @ ðc @ òÓŠÐm @ bàîÏ @ Láèäîi @ ÝÄíë @ c†jß @ ÏbänÛa @ ð…ŠÐÛa @ ìç @ ê†yë @ ðˆÛa @ ïİÈí @ ñ‰ì• @ ñŒî¾ @ …ŠÐÜÛ @ ¿ @ LÝjÔn½a @ bäçë @ wnäí @ Òýn⁄a @ ëc @ ñaëbß•ýÛa @ LÁÔÏ @ ïçë @ oîÛ @ åß @ xbnãg @ Éàna @ b¸gë @ åß @ xbnãg @ …ŠÐÛa @ éma‡ @ òvînã @ bßg @ ê…bènuü @ ëc @ éÇbÔm @ åÇ @ õa…c @ LémbßaŒnÛa @ bß @ ÝÈu @ énîÈ™ë @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 253 Þëûm @ µg @ bß @ ïç @ LéîÜÇ @ óny @ Éß @ Òýna @ pa‰†ÔÛa @ ëc @ â†Ç @ Þì–§a @ óÜÇ @ ‰a†Ôß @ ðëbnß @ åß @ ÉÏbä½a @ aŠÄã @ áîÔnÛ @ ÝàÈÛa @ †•ÔȽa @ æhÏ @ åí†îÐn½a @ ÝÓþa @ ñìÄy @ åß @ LÉÏbä½a @ åíˆÛaë @ æìÈš± @ ù…bj½ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bà× @ bèyŠ‘ @ ŒÛë‰ @ áèÜȯ @ bàČi‰ @ ¿ @ òîÈ™ë @ ÝšÏc @ òã‰bÔ½bi @ áç…ìuìi @ Ýa… @ pbjî׊m @ òîÇbànua @ ôŠc N @ @ Čæg @ ŒÛë‰ @ â†Ôí @ bu‡ì¸ @ åÇ @ áîÔm @ LÉÏbä½a @ †•×ûí @ éîÏ @ óÜÇ @ æc @ Òýn⁄a @ k¯ @ æc @ x‰†äí @ ¿ @ …ë†y @ ÞìjÔ½a @ bß @ Ýȯ @ pb÷ÐÛa @ ÝÓþa @ bj× @ ¿ @ Éàna @ ¿ @ òîÈ™ë @ åyc @ åß @ LòîçbÏŠÛa @ êˆçë @ ïç @ òjî×Ûa @ òîbþa @ Ûa @ ïÌjäí @ æc @ æìØí @ bèîÜÇ @ LÉàna @ ïØÛë @ ü @ āČŠÈnm @ ðc @ ò÷Ï @ bČíc @ æb× @ ‰a†Ôß @ bèj× @ ëc @ bèÇbÐnãa @ µg @ Òbzu⁄a @ áÜÄÛaë @ LŠèÔÛaë @ bäçë @ D āŠÐí @ c†jß @ Òýn⁄a @ ðˆÛa @ Č—äí @ óÜÇ @ ñ‰ëŠ™ @D æc @ æìØm @ püby @ pëbÐnÛa @ ïÇbànuüa @ ð…b–nÓüaë @ @ NNN ¿ @ òzÜ–ß @ …aŠÏþa @ åíˆÛa @ æìÜ–° @ óÜÇ @ ÝÓc @ kbؽa @ ¿ @ Éàna I@ N pŠië‰ @c N @ Þa… @ L 2000 @Z 259 @NH aˆØçë @D āŠÐí @ Čæc @ áí†Ôm @ ˜ŠÐÛa @ òíëbn½a @ …aŠÏþ @ Éàna @ |ä¹ @ ‰ìÈ’Ûa @ LÞ†ÈÛbi @ ìçë @ bß @ Œ•×‰ @ éîÜÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ ¿ @ éníŠÄã @ œÌi @ ŠÄäÛa @ åÇ @ wöbnäÛa @ LòîöbèäÛa @ bäçë @ ÞìÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @Z D æg @ ÝßbÈnÛa @ Ýr½bi @ ÙÜm @ òÇŒäÛa @ …ŠÜÛ @ óÜÇ @ õï’Ûa @ b¶ @ éÜqb¹ @NNN ìç @ òÔîÔy @ òîuìÛìØî @ òÔîàÇ @ ‰ëˆ¦a @NNN bèČãg @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 254 ñ‰†Ó @ óÜÇ @ ÷by⁄a @ òÛa†ÈÛbi @ òîäjß @ óÜÇ @ pbibvna @ òÜqbànß @ ¿ @ LÊìäÛa @ ë†jíë @ bèãc @ †yc @ Â늑 @ “îÈÛa @ Ú’½a @ ´i @ Š’jÛa C I@N pŠië‰ @c N @Þa… @L 2000 @Z 262 @NH aˆØçë @ oãb× @ òíŠÄã @ æìu @ ŒÛë‰ @ Ýठ@ ò™‰bÈß @ ñ†í†‘ @ òvèÜÛa @ òÐÜÐÜÛ @ LòîÈÐäÛa @ òÛëbª @ ÕÜ @ æbØß @ bèÐäÛ @ Ýa… @ òíŠÄäÛa @ òîÓýþa @ LòîbîÛa @ ò•b @ æcë @ ë‰ @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ Ûa @ sÈjm @ óÜÇ @ Òýn⁄a @ …†ÈnÛaë @ ïç @ Ûa @ |àm @ ´äaìàÜÛ @ òÇbä–i @ ‰aŠÔÛa @ †î×dČnÛaë @ óÜÇ @ bß @ åع @ æc @ áèzä¹ @ ñ…bÈÛa @ bà× @ bèãë‰Čì–ní @ ðc @ òÈibČäÛa @ åß @ Õ§a @ I òÛa†ÈÛa @ H ü @ ÙÜm @ Ûa @ ánèm @ òà×aŠ¶ @ ÉÏbä½a @ œÈjÜÛ @ æë… @ å튣a @N I ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @ L I… @M ÷ @ ZH 139 @ NH ìèÏ @ ČŠ–í @ óÜÇ @ æc @ æìØm @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïç @ òíbÌÛa @ œÌi @ ŠÄäÛa @ åÇ @ wöbnäÛa @ òİjmŠ½a @ LbèÔîjİni @ ìçë @ bäç @ ÞìÔí @ Z D òÛa†ÈÛa @ œÏŠm @ æc @ æìØí @ æa†ÔÏ @ œÈjÛa @ áèníČŠ§ @ bjöb• @ éãþ @ ð…ûî @ µg @ @ ×c @ éànÔí @ æëŠe C I@ N pŠië‰ @c N @ Þa… @ L 2000 @Z 167 NH @ @ âČ†Ó @ ŒÛë‰ @ åß @ Þý @ éníŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ byaÓa @ òîÜÔÈÛ @ òîÓýc @ †Èm @ òí‰aŠàna @ wèäÜÛ @ ïİãbØÛa @ †Óë @ ČŠ• @ ÙÛˆi @ ´y @ ÞbÓ @Z D òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ïç @ õŒu @ bàČi‰ @ Šr×þa @ òČîàçc @ åß @ òíŠÄã @ ‰bînüa @ ïãýÔÈÛa C I@ N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… @M ÷ @ZH 138 @H ïÛbnÛbië @ æhÏ @ Êì™ìß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ k¯ @ æc @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 255 “Óbäí @ ûíë @ éÛ @ óÜÇ @ éãc @ ÷bc @ Ý× @ LÝöbšÐÛa @ Ýi @ ìç @ òÜîšÐÛa @ µëþa @ Ûa @ ïšÐí @ É™ë @ ‰Čì–m @ b @ µg @ Ýy @ LbäÜ×b’ß @ ÙÛ‡ë @ É™ìi @ ù…bjß @ †îÈã @ åß @ bý @ õbäi @ bämbûß @ bäàîçbÐßë @ òîÓýþa I@ N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… @M ÷ @ZH 138 @NH sîy @ æc @ c†jß @ òîÈÐäÛa @ “Čàç @ kãaì¦a @ òîÓýþa @ anÈß @ bçbíg @ ü @ Ýr· @ üg @ pbÇbjİãa @ òî–‚‘ @ bèÜà° @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ óÜÇ @ ñ†y N @ @ @†äÇ@òÛa†ÈÛa@òíŠÄã@oÓü@†ÔÛ D ŒÛë‰@æìu C @ @òÈaë@ÞbÈÏc@…ë…‰
@ Þbrßc@ ´ØíŠßþa@ ò•b@ ´îbîÛaë@ òÐýÐÛa@ ÝjÓ@ åß D @pŠië‰ Ùí‹ìã @M @ Robert Nozick C @ @åß@ ”bÔäÛa@ aˆç@ ¿@ a슮a@ åíˆÛa
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@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 256 oäßdÏ @ oàäÏ @bí @ ŠàÇ @D N@ @Õjí@òÛa†ÈÛa@ŠÏaìm@æc@bäÛ@Ñ’Øí@ÞìÔÛa@aˆçë ÞëÿÛ@÷bØÈãa@•üg@ìç@bß@þa@aˆç@Čæc@sîy@L‰aŠÔ⁄aë@åßþa N @ @ æg @ lbn× @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa C @ †äÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ æb× @ òí‰aŠàna @ òíŠÄäÜÛ @ òîÈÐäÛa @ ‰†Ôi @ bß @ Ý•Ø‘ @ a…bÔnãa @ b @ óÜÇ @ ‰bjnÇa @ bèãc @ oš‚· @ åÇ @ òÇìà© @ åß @ òÐýÐÛa @ ´íìj‚äÛaë @ åíˆÛa @ a늕Äã @ ÉànvàÜÛ @ ïiŠÌÛa @Z â…f× @ Lsî @ æìuë @ p‰aìîn @ Ýîß @ †îÏ…ë @ âìîç @ åíˆÛa @ aìßČ†Ó @ a‰Čì–m @ ÉànvàÜÛ @ ¿ @ ÝØ‘ @ ð…b–nÓa @ LŒČîànß @ éČäØÛ @ †ÔnÐí @ µg @ ñ†ÇbÓ @ òîÓýc @ ïçë @ ÙÜm @ Ûa @ Þëb° @ ŒÛë‰ @ îdČnÛa @ b @ ¿ @ éibn× @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa C@ åß @ Ýuc @ ‹ëb£ @ êˆç @ —öbÔäÛa I@N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… @M ÷ @ZH 139 NH @ @ æg @ òÏbÔrÛa @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ ïç @ bç†yë @ Ûa @ åع @ æc @ bäzä· @ ñ‰†ÔÛa @ óÜÇ @ ñ…bÇg @ xbnãg @ òíŠÄäÛa @ òîÈÐäÛa @ ñ‰ì–i @ Šr×c @ bàîÄäm @ Lòbië @ bèjÇìní @ Éîà¦a @ †¯ë @ ŒÛë‰ @ òÔíŠ @ aˆ @ îÌnÛa @ ¿ @ òÐÜÏ @ †ÔÈÛa @ ïÇbànuüa @ Ûa @ pŠİî @ óÜÇ @ æŠÔÛa @ åßbrÛa @ Š’Ç @ ìèÏ @ …ëbÈí @ bç‰bšzna @ åß @ Þý @ ‹Šic @ åíŠÄä½a @ b @ óÜÇë @ áèc‰ @ æbu @ Úbu @ Lìë‰ @ †îÈîÛ @ bèÐîÃìm @ Ýa… @ òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ åß @ Þý @ òÏb™g @ œÈi @ paîÌnÛa @ LbèîÜÇ @ bäçë @ ôŠã @ ŠØÐÛa @ ïÜ•aìnÛa @ †äÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ ´y @ É௠@ ´i @ lbİÓc @ òÐýÏ @ †ÔÈÛa @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 257 ïÇbànuüa @ ðc @ ´i @ Ý× @ åß @ æìu @ Úbu @ ìë‰ @ æìuë @ ÚìÛ @ LÁãb×ë @ æd×ë @ òíŠÄã @ †ÔÈÛa @ ïÇbànuüa @ áèí†Û @ ñ†yaë N @ @ éãg @ Šàrní @ kãaì¦a @ òîib¯⁄a @ ¿ @ òíŠÄã @ †ÔÈÛa @ †äÇ @ Ý× @ ÒìÜîÏ @ åß @ òíŠy @ ØÐnÛa @ †ÔnȽaë @ Ûa @ ô…bã @ bèi @ ÚìÛ @ µg @ ò튧a @ ñaëb½aë @ òîbîÛa @ Ûa @ ô…bã @ bèi @ ìë‰ @ bß @ áväí @ éäÇ @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa @D @ ¿ @ òíbèäÛa I@N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… @M ÷ @ZH 140 NH @ @ æg @ émbç @ òíŠÄäÛa @ ü @ Ò†èm @ µg @ îÌm @ Éàna @ ïaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ Ýi @ †àÈm @ µg @ ñ…bÇg @ énËbî• @ éöbäië @ b¶ @ éîšnÔí @ Þb§a @ ðc @ xbnãg @ âìèнa @ Ýa… @ Ðã @ Þba @ ïbîÛa @ åß @ Ýuc @ òí‰aŠànüa @ ñ‰†ÔÛaë @ óÜÇ @ òÜ•aì½a @ æë… @ òãbØnüa @ òÜyŠ½ @ ònibq @ ÕÏë @ bß @ ó‘bàní @ Éß @ pbߌîãbØîß @ Éàna @ ŠÔn½a @ áÄä½aë @ ðˆÛa @ óÔjí @ ìç @ Lìç @ …bÈîÛ @ éubnãg @ âbÄä× @ Þ…bÇ @ åß @ æëbÈnÛa @N I ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… @M ÷ @ZH 140 NH @ @ æg @ ‰bØÏþa @ Ûa @ bèÜà° @ lbn× @D òíŠÄã @ ¿ @ òÛa†ÈÛa C@ ¿ @ éÜ–Ï @ ïãbrÛa @ Ýȯ @ ŒÛë‰ @ bäßûß @ òîãbØßhi @ Õîjİm @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ýa… @ pbû½a @ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @ Lòí‰ìnȆÛa @ ïèÏ @ oîÛ @ …ČŠ© @ âýyc @ Lòíëbiì @ lŠèm @ åß @ îdČnÛa @ ÉÓaìÜÛ @ ûnÛ @ áÜzÜÛ @ Ýi @ LØÈÛa @ Čæg @ òíŠÄã @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ Ýठ@ ñaëbß @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 258 aûÏbØmë @ ¿ @ ˜ŠÐÛa @ åß @ Þý @ bèö…bjß @ Ýȯ @ âbÄäÛa @ ïÛaîÜÛa @ x‡ìàäÛa @ Ýrßþa @ ÜÛ “îÈ @ Ú’½a @I òíbèã @ ƒí‰bnÛa NH @ @ bßc @ òÛdß @ pbíbÌÛa @ ñ…ȆÈn½a @ ÞìÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @Z D òí…ȆÈm @ …aŠÏþa @ Ûa @ b @ òàÄãc @ ïènäm @ pbíbÌÛ @ òÜ–Ðäß @ ïç @ Éib @ òЕë @ òíŠçìu @ pbÈànvàÜÛ @ òîãbã⁄a C I@N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @L I… M ÷ @ZH 142 @NH áq @ æg @ c†jß @ ò튧a @ ÝîÐ× @ æbàši @ òíb» @ pbÇbäÔÛ @ …ŠÐÛa @ Lò•b¨a @ bäçë @ ÞìÔí @ ŒÛë‰ @Z D Ñä•d @ c†jß @ ò튧a @ ðˆÛa @ Þ…bÈí @ Ý× @ õï‘ @ ìçë @ ÝjÓ @ c†j½a @ ðˆÛa @ tȆzní @ åÇ @ ñaëbß•ýÛa @ òí…b–nÓüa @ òîÇbànuüaë C I@N ý• @ ïÜÇ @ Òìîã @ @ L I… @M ÷ @ZH 143 @ NH ÙÛˆÛë @ æhÏ @ ñaëbß•ýÛa @ ü @ åàØm @ ¿ @ ÙÜ· @ òÔj @ æë… @ òÔj @ b¸gë @ ¿ @ ñ‰†Ó @ …ŠÏ @ óÜÇ @ xbnãg @ ñŠØÏ @ òzubã @ ¿ @ Ýà @ LéníŠy @ ŒvÇë @ å튣a @ åÇ @ LÙÛ‡ @ bäçë @ åàØí @ pëbÐnÛa @ ð…b–nÓüa N @ @ ÝČr¹ @ …b¤⁄a @ ïië‰ëþa @ x‡ìàäÛa @ ‹Šiþa @ @†îvnÛa@ åÇ@ ŠČjÈí@ðˆÛa ŒÛë‰@†äÇ@òÛa†ÈÛa@òíŠÄã@éîÛg@oÇ…@b½@ïÜÈÐÛa @ @óÜÇ@éîÛg@‰b’í@ðˆÛaë ôìnß @ ÝßbØnÛa @ ÖìÏb½a @ ë @ µg @ ôìn½a @ Lð‰bÔÛa @ sîy @ æc @ ïûß @ aˆç @ Š–Ûa @ ð…b–nÓ⁄a @ ïbîÛaë @ ïÇbànu⁄aë @D NNN aìÈ•Óë @ óÜÇ @ ò÷ß @ ÑÛc @ òzЕ @ Šr×cë @ oäČàšm @ ´ãaìÓ @ òßbÇ @ óÜÇ @ ôìnß @ …b¤⁄a @ ïië‰ëþa @ N á•Ääm @ Ý× @ õï‘ @ åß @ áÜÇ @ òbîÛa @ µg @ òíb» @ LÙÜèn½a @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 259 o‰cë @ íbȽa @ Þbߣaë @ Lò×’½a @ aëû’ãcë @ bšíc @ òàت @ Þ†Ç @ òîië‰ëc @ †èn£ @ ¿ @ ‡bÐãg @ ´ãaìÓ @ êˆç @ òzö•ýÛa N NN @ aìÈšë @ òbîÛ @ òí†Ôã @ ò×’ß @ bçŠí†í @ ÙäjÛa @ ðŒ×Š½a @ ïië‰ëþa @D N@ I @LÙ퉅ë‰@ïãa… 2014 @Z 228 NH @ @ æg @ paŠČ‘û½a @ òí…b–nÓüa @ ØÈm @ ô†ß @ âbvãüa @ ´i @ pbí…b–nÓa @ Þë… @ …b¤⁄a @ ïië‰ëþa @ Òý¢ @ ïÓbi @ Þë… @ bÈÛa @ ìçë @ bß @ éØÈí @ Áìnß @ ÝȆÛa @ ð…ŠÐÛa @ ¿ @ ÞëȆÛa @ òÈjČÛa @ å튒ÈÛaë @ òÜ•Ø’½a @ …b¤fiÛ @ ïië‰ëþa @ D NNN †väÏ @ Čæc @ Ý… @ …ŠÐÛa @ ¿ @ bçŠr×c @ õaŠ‘ @I a†äÛŠíc @ ky @ paŠí†Ôm @ 2008 â @H ü @ éÓìÐí @ ¿ @ bçŠr×c @ aŠÔÏ @I bí‰bÌÜi @H •üg @ ‰a†Ô¶ @ 3.3 @ paČŠß @ ÁÔÏ @ DN @I @LÙ퉅ë‰@ïãa… 2014 @Z 230 NH @ @ a ò·b¨ @Z @ @ æg@þa@¿ë @ Êì™ìß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ÝÄî @ ´ç‰ @ szjÛa @ a‰a†ßë @ pbibnØÛ @ òÐýÐÛa @ bàöa… @ La†icë @ a‡gë @ oãb× @ òÛë†Ûa @ ïç @ æbîØÛa @ ïÈîjİÛa @ ðˆÛa @ ŠÈ’ní @ éîÏ @ æbã⁄a @ Lénîãbãg @ bç‰bjnÇbi @ ŠČjÈm @ åÇ @ òíbèã @ ƒí‰bnÛa @ ÝØ’Ûaë @ Ýrßþa @ ñbîzÜÛ @ ´i @ LŠ’jÛa @ éãhÏ @ ïÌjäí @ æc @ ⤠@ ÞëȆÛa @ bèÐã @ ÙÛ‡ë @ b߆äÇ @ âŒnÜm @ ´ãaìÔÛbi @ mb†Ûaë @ Ûa @ æìØm @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ bèîÏ @ ïç @ òÜîšÐÛa @ µëþa @ Ûa @ bèàÜí @ Ý× @ …ŠÏ @ “îÈí @ Ýa… @ ðc @ †u @ ïbî N @ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 260 Čæg @ Ý× @ lbîË @ òÛa†ÈÜÛ @ Ýa… @ Éàna @ éjz–m @ ü @ òÛbª @ Lñ‰ìq @ Þëb¤ @ æc @ †îÈm @ õbäi @ †¦a @ ïbîČÛa @ ÕÏë @ bß @ |àí @ ëc @ åàší @ òîãbØßg @ ‰aŠàna @ “îÈÛa @ Ú’½a @ Ýa… @ †ÔÈÛa @ ïÇbànuüa @ I ‰ìn†Ûa HL @ éîÜÇë @ æhÏ @ ò°ŠČ’Ûa @ òšíŠÈÛa @ åß @ Éàna @ ïç @ bç†yë @ bç‰ë†Ô¶ @ æc @ |ä· @ ‰aŠÔn⁄a @ LòÛëȆÜÛ @ ÝàÈÛbjÏ @ óÜÇ @ ´¤ @ LbèÇb™ëc @ åàšã @ ‰aŠÔn⁄a @ ïbîÛa @ ïÔîÔ§a @ ðˆÛa @ âë†í @ éãþ @ i @ óÜÇ @ ÷bc @ oibq @I òßbÇ @ kÈ’Ûa NH @ @ †ÔÛ @ ŠČjÇ @ ʉb’Ûa @ ïiŠÈÛa @ aŠûß @ åßë @ Þý @ †í†ÈÛa @ åß @ pa‰ìrÛa @ Ûa @ oßbÓ @ bèi @ éiìÈ‘ @ åß @ Áîa @ µg @ Lwîܨa @ ¿ @ ‰bg @ bß @ |Üİ•a @ óÜÇ @ énîàm @ ÉîiŠÛbi @ ïiŠÈÛa @ åÇ @ ÙÛ‡ @ ÑÌ’Ûa @ ðˆÛa @ kyb• @ ŒÛë‰@ æìu @ ¿ @ ér¡ @ òÛa†ÈÛa@ åÇ @ ÙÛ‡@ Þý@ åß @ †è¦a @ š½a @ ðˆÛa @ óäÏc @ ŒÛë‰ @ émbîy @ åß @ Ýuc @ æc @ éàÜí @ Ýa… @ Éàna @ ïÛaîÜÛa N @ @ @ïaŠÔ¹†Ûa@‰ČìİnÛa@‰bß@áČànîÛ@õbu@òÛa†ÈÜÛ@ŒÛë‰@Š@Čæg
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@ΉbÏ@ŒÛë‰@éyÔí@ðˆÛa@òÛa†ÈÛa@Ê늒ß@|j–í@òîbîÛa@áèmbîy @‰Čìİm@ ‰bß@ áČànnÛ@ põbu@ éí†Û@ òÛa†ÈÛa@ òíŠÄã@ æþ@ óäȽa@ åß @õbšÐÛa@Ýa…@îÛë@pbû½a@òÛë…@ðc@ñČŠ§a@òîiŠÌÛa@òîaŠÔ¹†Ûa @òÛë†i@énîàm@óÜÇ@ðŠib¦a@|Üİ–í@ðˆÛaë@ïÈàÔÛaë@ð…a†jn⁄a òÜîjÔÛa N @ @ åÛ @ æìØí @ ÙÛbäç @ óäÈß @ ÉîiŠÜÛ @ ïiŠÈÛa @ ðˆÛa @ âbÓ @ åß @ Ýuc @ ÕîÔ¤ @ áçc @ òàîÓ @ òîÓýc @ †äÇ @ ŒÛë‰ @ ïçë @ LòÛa†ÈÛa @ a‡g @ @ †Žflí @ Õİäß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ ¿ @ ÕÜ @ ˜ŠÏ @ ÝîÌ’nÛa @ aˆ×ë @ †§a @ åß @ òÛbİjÛa @ É™ëë @ âbÄã @ Þ…bÇ @ L‰ìuÿÛ @ ŠČîÌní @ …a…Œíë @ Éß @ òjã @ á‚šnÛa @ ÅÏbzîÛ @ óÜÇ @ “îÈÛa @ áíŠØÛa @ LåaìàÜÛ @ë @ òßìÄäß @ òîj튙 @ ïÐÈm @ õaŠÔÐÛa @ åß @ LbèÈÏ… @ bà× @ bè–Ü‚nm @ åß @ pb׊’Ûa @ ëc @ …aŠÏþa @ bÈjm @ bi‰ÿÛ @ òÔÔa @ †äÇ @ Ý× @ ÒŠ N @ @ ¿ë @ pa‡ @ ÖbîÛa @ æhÏ @ Õİäß @ òÛa†ÈÛa @ âìîÛa @ bã…ìÔí @ ÞìÔÜÛ @ â†Èi @ òîÇŠ‘ @ köaŠšÛa @ Ûa @ bèÈφã @ Ýa… @ ðc @ òÛë… @ oãb× @ a‡g @ @ àÜã @ Čæc @ bäÛaìßc @ ÙÜm @ Ûa @ bènju @ òÛë†Ûa @ åß @ bäiìîu @ †Ó @ pŠàrna @ åß @ Ýuc @ åaì½a @ bçaÛ @ ¿ @ ʉb‘ @ ÑîÄã @ ŠÏìní @ óÜÇ @ Lñ‰bã⁄a @ ¿ @ †ÈÔß @ ¿ @ ò‰†½a @ ÷‰Č†ÜÛ @ LÝî–znÛaë @ ¿ @ ŠíŠ @ ¿ @ LóÐ’n½a @ ¿ @ ÙÏ @
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 262 òÛŒÈÛa @ åÇ @ Šíëaë†Ûa @ LòîöbäÛa @ a‡gë @ @ Éİnm @ òÛë†Ûa @ Ïìm @ aˆç @ k¯ @ æc @ ÑÓìm @ ˜ý‚na @ LköaŠšÛa @ aˆç @ ìç @ Õİäß @ òÛa†ÈÛa N ÉuaŠ½a@òàöbÓ Z @ @ 1 @M ŒÛë‰@æìu I 2009 âH LÒb–ãh×@òÛa†ÈÛa@L @ Šm @Z ŠÈÛa@òàÄä½a@LÝîÇbg@xby@‰†îy @LòºÜÛ@òîi Â@LæbäjÛ@Lpëi 1 @L 2009 N @ @ 2 @M @@ ŒÛë‰@æìu I 2011 âH @¿@òíŠÄã@L Šm@LòÛa†ÈÛa @Z óÜîÛ @ @LÝíìİÛa @òßbÈÛa@ò÷îa@pa‰ì’äß nØÜÛ@òí‰ìÛa bí‰ì@LÕ’ß…@Llb N @ @ 3 @M |İz@ …aûÏ@ †Ûb I 2009 âH @Læ늑bã@ âìÜÈÜÛ@ òîiŠÈÛa@ ‰a†Ûa@ Lƒí‰bnÛa@ òÐÜÏ@ ¿@ L
Â@LŠöaŒ¦a 1 N 4 @M @ Ù퉅ë‰@ ïãa… I 2014 âH Šm@ Lò½ìÈÛa@ òÜšÈß@ L @ Z @òûß@ Låí†Ûa@ ý•@ lby‰ @LŠ–ß@LòÏbÔrÛaë@áîÜÈnÜÛ@ðëa†äç  1 N 5 @M æìnãìu@†îÐí… @I 2012 âH @L Šm@LòÛa†ÈÛa@ƒí‰bm@Š–n« Z @ ìÛa@Üa@LŠ•bã@óÐİ–ß oíìØÛa@Lla…Łaë@æìäÐÛaë@òÏbÔrÜÛ N @ @ 6 @M c@pŠië‰ N Þa… I 1993 âH Šm@Ls톧a@ïbîÛa@ÝîÜznÛa@L @Z @âaŠçþa@Œ×Šß@L†í‹@ìic@ýÇ Â@LŠ–ß@LñŠçbÔÛa@LŠ’äÛaë@òºÜÛ 5 N 7 @M c@pŠië‰ N Þa… I 2000 âH @LòîaŠÔ¹†Ûa@åÇ@L Šm @Z @ò튖½a@òîÈà¦a@LÝà¦a@´ßc@†»c ÔrÛaë@òϊȽa@Š’äÛ Â@LŠ–ß@LñŠçbÔÛa@Lòî½bÈÛa@òÏb 1 N
@ @ Al Naciriya Vol. 10 N° 1 Juin2019 263 8 @M ì@ éîuë‰ I 2003 âH Šm@ LòİÜČÛa@ òèuaìß@ ¿@ ïㆽa@ Éàna@ L @ Z @ý•@ ‰ìn׆Ûa LÒìîã presses de sciences @L í‰bi N@ 9 @M b•@ Šš@ òîßb I 2005 âH òíŠÄã@ pbçb£a@ òîaŠÔ¹†Ûaë@ òîbîÛa@ ò׉b’½a@ L @ Š–ß@LòîiŠÇ@kn×@Š’äÛa@‰a…@LbäÛìy@åß@bÈÛa@áèÏ@¿@áçbm@òrí†y@òîvèäßë N 10 @M ðëbÓŠ’Ûa@…bÈ I 2007 âH Š–ß@LŠ•bȽa@bÈÛa@¿@òîbîÛa@áÄäÛa@L N @ @ 11 @M @ Òìîã@ ïÜÇ@ ý• I… @M p H xLïiŠÌÛa@ ïbîÛa@ ŠØÐÛa@ µg@ ݆ß@ L 1 @L Ú‰b¸a†Ûa N @ @ 12 @M ïãŠÓ@pŒÇ I 1980 âH @òîiŠÈÛa@òšèäÛa@ŠvÏ@¿@ò튧aë@òÛa†ÈÛa@L @Lòr톧a oíìØÛa@Lla…Łaë@æìäÐÛaë@òÏbÔrÜÛ@ ìÛa@Üa N @ @ 13 @M ñ‰b’i@ïßŒÇ I 2013 âH @L D òÛa†ÈÛa@æd’i@òÜa†ß @Z @ïiŠÈÛa@ÖbîÛa@¿@Þaû Š•bȽa C ÇLåČîjm@òÜ©@L …† 5 N @ @ 14 @M pìibß I 1985 âH Šm@LÖýþa@¿@ò߆Ôß@L @Z @LïÜÇ@†àª@‰…bÔÛa@†jÇ@Šçbß æbäjÛ@Lpëi@LŠ’äÛaë@òÇbjİÜÛ@òîiŠÈÛa@òšèäÛa@‰a… N@ @ @ 15 @M ïÛë†Ûa@ÝàÈÛa@Š·ûß @I 2008 âH @æd’i@òîÛë†Ûa@ÝàÈÛa@òàÄäß@æýÇg@L ñ‰ë†Ûa@LòÛ…bÇ@ò½ìÇ@Ýuc@åß@òîÇbànuüa@òÛa†ÈÛa @ aŠíì@LÑîäu@L´ÈnÛaë@òÈibÛa Â@L 1 N @ @ @ @
