References, Electronic Tools & Other Forms of Assistance
References
Bibliography/Webography
magazine/journal article: author’s name, year of publication, article title, publication title, month & day (+ web site address)
Jorge Chapa, February 18, 2008 : Harvest Fuel from the Air with GREEN FREEDOM http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080307191300.htm
ScienceDaily, March 12, 2008 : Synthetic Fuel Concept To Steal Carbon Dioxide From Air http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/02/18/los-alamos-laboratory-harvests-fuel-from-air/
books: author’s name, year of publication, title, publisher’s name, pages referred to (+ web site address)
Electronic Tools grammar check: yes/no
spell check: yes/no translation software: yes/no
Other Forms of Assistance someone has given you ideas: yes/no
someone has helped you to write up your document: yes/no someone has looked over your work and made suggestions: yes/no someone has corrected your work: yes/no
Signed: ... Date: ...
AH, 2008
References
February 18, 2008
Harvest Fuel from the Air with GREEN FREEDOM by Jorge Chapa
Most of us are worried about increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the air - and if you aren’t yet concerned about this, you should be. However, now there is a reason for hope:
researchers from the Los Alamos National Laboratory have just announced a groundbreaking new project called Green Freedom, which will extract CO2 from the air and convert it into fuel to power cars and airplanes. Talk about killing two birds with one stone! Not only will this remove some of the greenhouse gas currently in our atmosphere, but it will prevent future CO2 from being added to our air, by providing a new renewable form of fuel to power our lives.
Green Freedom would provide a large-scale production method for carbon-neutral, sulfur-free fuels and organic chemicals from air and water. The technology essentially extracts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and, using a form of electrochemical separation, turns it into fuel. Their goal is to create a fuel that will work with existing vehicle and aircraft
infrastructure.
As for the catch, the program would rely on large cooling towers and nuclear power plants from which the CO2 would be gathered. Green Freedom would use existing plants with carbon-capture equipment, so instead of constructing new facilities, the primary
environmental impact would be limited to the footprint of the plant alone.
Whether this concept is viable or not remains to be seen. Hopefully we will learn all the details of this technology soon. Even so, it is exciting to add another technology to the growing list of alternative energy sources.
http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/02/18/los-alamos-laboratory-harvests-fuel-from-air/
Synthetic Fuel Concept To Steal Carbon Dioxide From Air
ScienceDaily (Mar. 12, 2008) — Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed a low-risk, transformational concept, called Green Freedom™, for large-scale production of carbon-neutral, sulphur-free fuels and organic chemicals from air and water.
Currently, the principal market for the Green Freedom production concept is fuel for vehicles and aircraft.
At the heart of the technology is a new process for extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and making it available for fuel production using a new form of
electrochemical separation. By integrating this electrochemical process with existing technology, researchers have developed a new, practical approach to producing fuels and organic chemicals that permits continued use of existing industrial and transportation infrastructure. Fuel production is driven by carbon-neutral power.
"Our concept enhances U.S. energy and material security by reducing dependence on imported oil. Initial system and economic analyses indicate that the prices of Green Freedom commodities would be either comparable to the current market or competitive with those of other carbon-neutral, alternative technologies currently being considered," said F. Jeffrey Martin of the Laboratory's Decisions Applications Division, principal investigator on the project.
In addition to the new electrochemical separation process, the Green Freedom system can use existing cooling towers, such as those of nuclear power plants, with carbon-capture equipment that eliminates the need for additional structures to process large volumes of air. The primary environmental impact of the production facility is limited to the footprint of the plant. It uses non-hazardous materials for its feed and operation and has a small waste stream volume. In addition, unlike large- scale biofuel concepts, the Green Freedom system does not add pressure to agricultural capacity or use large tracts of land or farming resources for production.
The concept's viability has been reviewed and verified by both industrial and semi- independent Los Alamos National Laboratory technical reviews. The next phase will demonstrate the new electrochemical process to prove the ability of the system to both capture carbon dioxide and pull it back out of solution. An industrial partnership consortium will be formed to commercialize the Green Freedom concept.
Martin presented his talk on the subject at the Alternative Energy NOW conference in
Lake Buena Vista, Florida, February 20, 2008.
ar cFo r ti
n– 1 IN
A ssi g
nm ent4– W r i
ttenSc i
e nt i fi
cRe port
M
ay2 2 ,2 0 08
Sc e
n ar i
o
As
ac o n s
u l
t
an tw
o r k i
ngforTo t
a l
, a
w
o r l d'sl e
a di
ngp et
r o l e
uman d
p et
r och e
m i
ca l
c o mpany
,
myjob is
t
oh e l
p l
aunch i
ngaproj e
c tt
h a tw
ou l d
mak e
t
h is
c o mpany l
o okm or e
e
nv i
r o nm e
n t
a l l
yfr ie
n dl
y
, i
na d di
ti
o n t
omak i
ngpr of its .
Th e
r e
for e
Iama s
k e d
t
o w
r i
te
ar e
por t
o n t
h e
op po r t
un it
y t
o de
v e l
opar e
c e
n t
te
c hno l
ogy
ba se d
on th
ee
x
tr actio n
of
C O2
, agr
e e
n hou se
ga s
, f
r o m th
e
airto
c o n
v e
r titinto
fu e l.
Th is
r e
po r t
mu st
h e l
p t
h e
m t
o de
c ide
w
h et
h e
r t
h is
co nc e
p t
iss
o m et
h i
ng t
ha t
dese
rv esl
a rg e -
s le
i es
t e
t.
Fr o m:mar c .
f o r
tin tota
c om
To:p e
t e
r .
g l
a s
go w
@t
o t
a l.
co m
S
ub
j e
ct
:R e
po r t
o n th
eG
r e e
nFr e e d
o mc o nc e
p t
I
n t ro d u c
t i
o n
Th eG
r e e
nFr e e d
o mpr oj e
c t
m i
gh t
b e
ana t t
r ac ti
v e
oppor t
un it
y t
o s
ho wt
ha t
To t
a l
is
a d
op ti
ngpr ac ti
c es
b e
n e
f i
c i
a l
t
o t
h ee
nv i
r o nm e
n t
, bypro
d
uc i
ngfu e l
fr o mC O2
an d
t
h e
r e
for e
r e d
ucingth e
amount
of gr e e
nhou se
ga ses .
Th is
r e
po r ti
n t
e
n ds
t
opr ov i
de
s
o m ee l e
m e
n ts
t
h a twi
ll
h e l
p de
c i
d
i
ng i
f t
h is
pr oj e
c t
mu s
t
r e
c e
i
v e
fur t
h e
rfun d
i
nga n d
i
nv est
m e
n ts .
T heG
r ee
nFr ee
d o m c
o n c e
pt
Th eG
r e e
nFr e e d
o mc o n c e
p t
is
apro c ess
f o rr
e
mov ing
c ar bo n d
io
x i
de
fr o m th
e
air
an d
t
ur n i
ng it
back i
n t
oga s
o l
i
n e.
Ai
r w
ou l d
b e
b l
o w
nov e
ra li q
u ids
o l
u ti
onof po t
a s si
umcar bo na te
, w
h i
c h w
ou l d
a b s
o r b t
h e
c ar bo n di
ox ide.
Th e
car bon di
ox ide
w
ou ld
t
h e
nb ee
x t
r a c te d
an ds
ubj e
c te d
t
och e
m i
c a l
r e
actio n s
thatw
ou l d
t
ur n itinto
fu e l
: m
e
tha no l
, ga
s
o l
in e
o r
j e
t
fu e l.
Be
n e
f
i
ts f
o rt hee
n v i
ro nm e
nta n d f
o r T
ota l
Th is
pr oc ess
c ou l d
t
r an s
fo rmcar bon di
ox ide
fr o manun w
a n te d
, c
li
m a te -
chang i
ng
po l l
u t
an ti
n t
oava st
r es
our c e
fo rr e
n ew
ab le
fu e ls.
Th e
c l
o se d
cyc
l e—eq
ua l
amoun ts
of
c ar bo n d
i
ox i
dee
m itt
e d
a n d
r e
mov e d—
w
ou l d
m e
an t
ha t
c ar s
, t
ruc k s
an d
a i
rp l
a n es
u si
ng
t
h e
s
yn t
h e
ti
cfu e ls
w
ou l d
no l
o ng e
rb e
c o n t
r i
bu ti
ng t
og l
o ba l
w
ar m i
ng .
P
ub li
cc o nc e
r n s
o n e
nv i
r o nm e
n tw
ou ld
f i
n d
anap pr opr i
a te
a n sw
e
r i
n t
h is
pr oj e
c tw
h i
c h
w l d
s w s
dete
i ti t
es e
t
l et.
F e
as l i
t y
, c
o n ce
pt'sv i
a l i
t y
P
r e
v i
ou s
r ese
ar ch s
ho wst
ha tt
h e
c o nc e
p tis
te
c hn i
ca l l
yv i
ab l e.Alt
hough t
h e
pr i
c e
of
t
h e
ga s
o l
i
n e
pro d
uc e d
is
abov e
cur r e
n t
ma r k e
t l e
v e ls
, wit
han es
ti
ma t
e d
pr o d
uc ti
o nco s
t
of
$
1
, 40
/
ga l
, se
v e
r a l
pr o m isi
ng t
e
chno l
og i
c a lde
v e l
opm e
n ts
cou l d
r e d
uc e
co stssi
gn i
f i
can t
l
y
,
an d
mar k et
pr es s
ur es
a r eli
k e l
y t
o i
ncr e
a se
ga s
o li
n e
pr i
c e
t
oapo i
n tw
h e
r eG
r e e
nFr e e d
o m
ga s
o li
n e
is
comp eti
ti
v e.
C
o n c
lus i
on
Th eG
r e e
nFr e e d
o mc o n c e
p t
se e
m s
t
o dese
rv e
fur t
h e
rfun d
i
nga s
it is
a de
p e
n d
a b l e
w
ay t
opr o d
uc e
ga s
o li
n e
w
h il es
ho wi
ng t
ha t
To t
a lis
i
nvo l
v e d
i
n e
nv i
r o nm e
n t
is s
u es .
Al
t
hough itwi
ll
n e e dl
a rg e -s
ca le
in
v estme
n ts
, itwi
l l
a ls
opr ov i
de
u s
with
ar e l
iab le
s
ourc e
of
l
o ng -
t e
r mpr of it.