THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

U N I T E D N A T I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

U N I T E D N A T I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

Geneva, 2001919

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This work is available open access by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.

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Acknowledgements iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Table of contents v

LIST OF BOXES

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A Introduction 1¹

3HRSOHDURXQGWKHZRUOGDUHFRQWLQXRXVO\DIIHFWHG E\VKRFNVIURPGLIIHUHQWVRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJHFRQRPLF crises, health emergencies, social conflicts, war DQGQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUV)RUH[DPSOHLQQDWXUDO disasters killed over 11,000 people and affected more WKDQ}PLOOLRQWDEOH,QWKHHFRQRPLFGLPHQVLRQ WZRUHFHQWEURDGEDVHGVKRFNVtWKH(XURSHDQ VRYHUHLJQGHEWFULVLVLQtDQGWKHJOREDO FRPPRGLW\SULFHUHDOLJQPHQWVLQtt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ĶKRNXHDUWKTXDNHLQ0DUFK6XFKVKRFNV can derail and even set back progress towards VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW

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A. INTRODUCTION

Table 1 Global impact of hazards, selected indicators

Type of hazard Impact 2017

Annual average (2008–2017) Air pollution-related

disease

Death 7 000 000^c ..

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Natural disaster Affected (injured, homeless

Industrial accident or requiring assistance)

Natural disaster Displaced

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7 000 000

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considerations for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders.

(11)

B Science: Understanding resilient communities and engaging participation 3

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B. SCIENCE: UNDERSTANDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES AND ENGAGING PARTICIPATION

Social sciences 27

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2. HARNESSING TRADITIONAL, LOCAL AND INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE

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3. CITIZEN SCIENCE FOR BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

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,FH :DWFK YROXQWHHUV FRQWULEXWH WR VFLHQWLILF XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFOLPDWHFKDQJHE\KHOSLQJWRUHFRUG and analyse when ice forms and thaws on bodies of water. They provide critical data to cover gaps LQWKHFXUUHQWPRQLWRULQJQHWZRUN7KHSURJUDPPH allows people of all ages to participate in discovering KRZDQGZK\WKHHQYLURQPHQWLVFKDQJLQJ,WLVSDUW RI WKH 1DWXUH :DWFK VXLWH RI &DQDGDpV QDWLRQDO YROXQWHHUPRQLWRULQJSURJUDPPHVGHVLJQHGWRKHOS identify ecological changes that may be affecting the environment.

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C Technology for building the resilience of communities 9

C. TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING THE RESILIENCE OF COMMUNITIES

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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

THE ROLE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NOTE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF BOXES

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

A. INTRODUCTION

B. SCIENCE: UNDERSTANDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES AND ENGAGING PARTICIPATION

Subject areas (percentage)

Number of publications

C. TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING THE RESILIENCE OF COMMUNITIES