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(1)

Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics

Section: Water Stress Management, Prof. Dr. Asch

Morphological traits and de elopment of sorgh m

g

,

Morphological traits and development of sorghum

ideotypes for coping with climate variability in Mali

Alhassan Lansah Abdulai, Holger Brueck, Mamoutou Kouressy,

Michel Vaksmann, Folkard Asch

Developing 

RI

ce and 

SO

rghum 

C

rop 

A

daptation 

S

trategies for climate 

change in vulnerable environments in Africa.

(2)

¾ Sorghum contributes immensely to the economy of the

¾ Sorghum contributes immensely to the economy of the

arid and semi-arid tropics (ASAT)

¾ A major staple in most of the ASAT of Africa (

j

(

24 M ha;

mean yield of 0.8 t/ha; Maredia et al., 2000)

¾ Cultivation in Mali

• Savannahs and Sahel

• Rain-fed

• Subsistence

(3)

¾ Climate change is predicted to increase variability of

¾ Climate change is predicted to increase variability of

climate

¾ Thi

d th

f

t

ill ff

t

h

d

ti

¾ This and other factors will affect sorghum production.

¾ Tactical and strategic adaptation of agriculture to variable

climate require:

ƒ

Appropriate ideotypes (several traits)

ƒ

Component technology (eg cropping calendar)

(4)

¾ Gene-pool might contribute to development of ideo-types

o

‘Ready-for-use’ genotypes

V l

bl t it

o

Valuable traits

¾ Knowledge of relations of various traits with yield

¾ Why Morphological traits?

¾ Measurement not as elaborate as other traits

¾ Do not require specialized equipment

(5)

Objective

¾To identify morphological traits with strong and stable

(6)

3 sites on a N-S transect

Site

Climate Features

• Latitudinal gradient

• Rainfall gradient

Cinzana

Sahel

Sotuba

Sudan Savannah

Rainfall gradient

• Variable photoperiods

Farako

Guinea Savannah

Di

h

t

St

d

i

d t

Diverse sorghum genotypes

(7)

¾ Split plot arrangement

¾ RCBD with 3 Reps

¾ Appropriate agronomic practices

Traits Measured

¾Area of largest leaf

¾Area of largest leaf

¾L X W X 0.7

¾Length of largest leaf

¾Width of largest leaf

¾Width of largest leaf

¾Rank of largest leaf

(8)

Fig.1: Grain yield response of sorghum to

DN Durra

400 500 RS OMD

SD Durra

date of sowing and genotype interaction at

Farako, Sotuba and Cinzana

200 300 400 OMD TMD 0 100

DN Guinea

m

-2

)

400 500

SD Guinea

Grai

n

y

iel

d

(

g

m

100 200 300 0

DN Caudatum

400 500

SD Caudatum

100 200 300 0

(9)

DN Durra 800 1000 RS OMD SD Durra

600

700

y = -40.7+ 0.36x

R

2

= 0.21

200 400 600 TMD

eld (g m

-2

)

400

500

600

R

0.21

0 DN Guinea ea f ( cm 2 ) 600 800 1000 SD Guinea

G

rain yi

e

100

200

300

A rea of l a rg es t l 0 200 400 600

Area of largest leaf (cm

2

)

200

400

600

800

1000

0

0 DN Caudatum 600 800 1000 SD Caudatum

Farako Sotuba Cinzana 0

200 400

Farako Sotuba Cinzana

Location

(10)

DN Durra

100 120

RS

OMD

TMD

SD Durra

600

700

y = -76.2+2.6x

R

2

= 0.11

20 40 60 80

TMD

n

yi

el

d

(g m

-2

)

300

400

500

0

DN Guinea

t leaf ( cm ) 80 100 120

SD Guinea

Gra

in

0

100

200

Le ng th o f l a rg es t 0 20 40 60

Length of largest leaf (cm)

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

DN Caudatum

60 80 100 120

SD Caudatum

Farako Sotuba Cinzana 0

20 40

Farako Sotuba Cinzana

(11)

y = 100.4 + 0.2x

R

2

= 0.06

)

600

700

y = 79.2 + 17.5x

R

2

= 0.11

y

ie

ld (

g

m

-2

)

300

400

500

G

rain

y

100

200

300

Leaf Area duration (days)

0

200

400

600

800

Maximum LAI

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

(12)

-2

)

500

600

700

y = -126.7+30.6x

R

2

= 0.20

y = -53.5+ 1.23x

R

2

= 0.112

yield (g m

-300

400

500

Gr

a

in

100

200

Width of largest leaf

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

Rank of largest leaf

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

W dt o a gest ea

a

o a gest ea

(13)

700

y = -17.1+ 7.2x

R

2

= 0 12

y = 122.2 + 0.1x

R

2

= 0 01

(g m

-2

)

400

500

600

R = 0.12

R = 0.01

G

ra

in

yi

el

d

200

300

400

10

1

20

2

30

3

40

G

0

100

0

100

200

300

400

00

600

Total number of leaves

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Plant height (cm)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

(14)

700

DN Durra 40 50 RS OMD TMD SD Durra

g

m

-2

)

500

600

700

y =47.4 + 5.3x

R

2

= 0.45

10 20 30

G

rai

n

yi

el

d

(

g

200

300

400

0 DN Guinea n dex (% ) 30 40 50 SD Guinea

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

G

0

100

Harv est I n 0 10 20 DN C d SD C d

Harvest Index (%)

DN Caudatum 20 30 40 50 SD Caudatum Location

Farako Sotuba Cinzana 0

10 20

(15)

Current gene pool of sorghum could be exploited for ideo-types

for coping with climate change

for coping with climate change

Morphological traits respond to G X E interactions but are

weakly related to grain yield.

Other traits seem to mask or mediate the effects of

morphological traits on grain yield.

(16)

Scout for other physiological traits that correlate well with

both morphological traits and yield.

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