Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics
Section: Water Stress Management, Prof. Dr. Asch
Morphological traits and de elopment of sorgh m
g
,
Morphological traits and development of sorghum
ideotypes for coping with climate variability in Mali
Alhassan Lansah Abdulai, Holger Brueck, Mamoutou Kouressy,
Michel Vaksmann, Folkard Asch
Developing
RI
ce and
SO
rghum
C
rop
A
daptation
S
trategies for climate
change in vulnerable environments in Africa.
¾ Sorghum contributes immensely to the economy of the
¾ Sorghum contributes immensely to the economy of the
arid and semi-arid tropics (ASAT)
¾ A major staple in most of the ASAT of Africa (
j
(
24 M ha;
mean yield of 0.8 t/ha; Maredia et al., 2000)
¾ Cultivation in Mali
• Savannahs and Sahel
• Rain-fed
• Subsistence
¾ Climate change is predicted to increase variability of
¾ Climate change is predicted to increase variability of
climate
¾ Thi
d th
f
t
ill ff
t
h
d
ti
¾ This and other factors will affect sorghum production.
¾ Tactical and strategic adaptation of agriculture to variable
climate require:
Appropriate ideotypes (several traits)
Component technology (eg cropping calendar)
¾ Gene-pool might contribute to development of ideo-types
o
‘Ready-for-use’ genotypes
V l
bl t it
o
Valuable traits
¾ Knowledge of relations of various traits with yield
¾ Why Morphological traits?
¾ Measurement not as elaborate as other traits
¾ Do not require specialized equipment
Objective
¾To identify morphological traits with strong and stable
3 sites on a N-S transect
Site
Climate Features
• Latitudinal gradient
• Rainfall gradient
Cinzana
Sahel
Sotuba
Sudan Savannah
Rainfall gradient
• Variable photoperiods
Farako
Guinea Savannah
Di
h
t
St
d
i
d t
Diverse sorghum genotypes
¾ Split plot arrangement
¾ RCBD with 3 Reps
¾ Appropriate agronomic practices
Traits Measured
¾Area of largest leaf
¾Area of largest leaf
¾L X W X 0.7
¾Length of largest leaf
¾Width of largest leaf
¾Width of largest leaf
¾Rank of largest leaf
Fig.1: Grain yield response of sorghum to
DN Durra
400 500 RS OMDSD Durra
date of sowing and genotype interaction at
Farako, Sotuba and Cinzana
200 300 400 OMD TMD 0 100
DN Guinea
m
-2)
400 500SD Guinea
Grai
n
y
iel
d
(
g
m
100 200 300 0DN Caudatum
400 500SD Caudatum
100 200 300 0DN Durra 800 1000 RS OMD SD Durra
600
700
y = -40.7+ 0.36x
R
2= 0.21
200 400 600 TMDeld (g m
-2
)
400
500
600
R
0.21
0 DN Guinea ea f ( cm 2 ) 600 800 1000 SD GuineaG
rain yi
e
100
200
300
A rea of l a rg es t l 0 200 400 600Area of largest leaf (cm
2
)
200
400
600
800
1000
0
0 DN Caudatum 600 800 1000 SD CaudatumFarako Sotuba Cinzana 0
200 400
Farako Sotuba Cinzana
Location
DN Durra
100 120RS
OMD
TMD
SD Durra
600
700
y = -76.2+2.6x
R
2= 0.11
20 40 60 80TMD
n
yi
el
d
(g m
-2)
300
400
500
0DN Guinea
t leaf ( cm ) 80 100 120SD Guinea
Gra
in
0
100
200
Le ng th o f l a rg es t 0 20 40 60Length of largest leaf (cm)
40
60
80
100
120
140
0DN Caudatum
60 80 100 120SD Caudatum
Farako Sotuba Cinzana 0
20 40
Farako Sotuba Cinzana
y = 100.4 + 0.2x
R
2= 0.06
)
600
700
y = 79.2 + 17.5x
R
2= 0.11
y
ie
ld (
g
m
-2
)
300
400
500
G
rain
y
100
200
300
Leaf Area duration (days)
0
200
400
600
800
Maximum LAI
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
-2
)
500
600
700
y = -126.7+30.6x
R
2= 0.20
y = -53.5+ 1.23x
R
2= 0.112
yield (g m
-300
400
500
Gr
a
in
100
200
Width of largest leaf
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
Rank of largest leaf
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
W dt o a gest ea
a
o a gest ea
700
y = -17.1+ 7.2x
R
2= 0 12
y = 122.2 + 0.1x
R
2= 0 01
(g m
-2
)
400
500
600
R = 0.12
R = 0.01
G
ra
in
yi
el
d
200
300
400
10
1
20
2
30
3
40
G
0
100
0
100
200
300
400
00
600
Total number of leaves
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Plant height (cm)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
DN Durra 40 50 RS OMD TMD SD Durrag
m
-2
)
500
600
700
y =47.4 + 5.3x
R
2= 0.45
10 20 30G
rai
n
yi
el
d
(
g
200
300
400
0 DN Guinea n dex (% ) 30 40 50 SD Guinea0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
G
0
100
Harv est I n 0 10 20 DN C d SD C dHarvest Index (%)
DN Caudatum 20 30 40 50 SD Caudatum LocationFarako Sotuba Cinzana 0
10 20