Communication du délégué de la Somalie sous administration de tutelle Italienne

CO~fi1ISSION

ECONOMIQUE POUR L'AFRIQUE

CYCLE D'ETUDES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT

COMMUNAU1J,IRE

14-25 Septembre 1959 ADDIS-ABEBA (Ethiopie)

co~rr·lliNICATION

DU DELEGu" DE LA

SO~ffiLIE

SOUS ADMINISTRATION DE TUTELLE

ITALIEN~"

59-241

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WP. 16 Page 2

Monsieur Ie President, Messieurs les Delegues, Mesdames et Messieurs;

Jlai l'honneur et l'agreable devoir de vous presenter la communication suivante au nom du Gouvernement de la Somalie. Jlaccomplis ce devoir avec un sentiment d'orgueil et de satisfaction, etant heureux que la Somalie soit presente a ce Seminaire dletudes sur Ie developpement eommunautaire qui est aussi Ie premier projet pratique entrepris par la Commission Economique des Nations Unies pour l' Afrique'.

Je voudrais en premier lieu exprimer Ie plaisir que j'eprouve a ^me

trouver parmi les delegues des pays africains los plus importants, ces

_m~mes

pays qui depuis dos annees, et quelques uns depuis des siecles ont atteint leur independ£lnCe. La Somalie est maintenE¥1t proche de ce mome but qui est d'une si grande importance dans l'histoire d'un peuple. Grace

£lUX N~tions

Unies, l'annee prochaine la Somalie sera a son tour independante et souveraine;

elle pourra ainoi se joindre a tous les autres peuples freres qui habitent notre continent africain bien-aime. Ce n'est pas sans anxiete ni emotion que le peuple Somali attend ce momont.

La Somalie dont je vous parle, c'est-a-dire, In Somalie sous Administra- tion Italienne, est Un pays d'environ 500.000

km.2

donnant sur l'Ocean Indien,

entre Ie 1

⁰

de latitude Sud et Ie 12

⁰

de latitude Nord. Elle est limitee au

Nord, par le haut plateau de la Mijourtinie et au Sud par une grande plaine

que deux fleuves 8, debit, courant baignent: Le vJebi Shebeli et Le Djouba ,

Dans les zones cotieres de la Somalie il ya dlagreables petites villes

dont la population s'adonne au commerce et

~

la poche; dans la zone des

fleuves

i l

existe

WP.16 Page 3

des communautes agricoles laborieuses, alors que dans la zone des brousses vit une nombreuse population composee de bergers et d'eleveurs de betail.

J1algre les conditions difficiles de son "habitat", mal.gre un certain manque d'ewl et de riches _p~turages, les populations somalies ont su _r~aliser une entente avec le milieu et parvie~entainsi a vivre sur une terre souvant peu genereuse

a

leur egard.

Or, c'est surtout vers la population de la brousse que sont diriges tous les efforts que le Gouvernoment deploye pour ameliorer leur vie.

Cependant je me dois d'affirmer qU8 jusqu'a ce ~oment un veritable programme d'ensemble de developpement communautaire, congu dans un sens pre- cis et complet, n1est pas en cours en Somalic.

Ceci ne signii'ie pas qu 'ccn n^Iai t pas accompli des efforts haut.oment;

appreciables dans Ie but d'accroitre Ie developpement economique

ae

base partieulicrement dans

l~s

socteurs de l'agriculture 6t de l'elevage du betail desquels depend, ainsi qu'il a ete deja dit, une grande partie de la population somalia pour sa subsistance. En memo temps on a continue

a

etendre 1e service sanitaire et celui de 1¹1ns t r uct i on dlunG fagon tres

active, moyennaht uno d'epense qui, on 1958, s'est mont.ee

a

^{environ 25% du}

bilan du GOuvernement central.

Quant

a

l'oeuvre accomplie spec1fiquement dans Ie domaine du develop- poment co~~unautaire, ollc rosulte de l'histoire de trois plans realises par l'UNESCO et connus par leurs initiales qui sont: DAUFEP, AUNEP, SUFEC.

II _s'~git de projets-pilotes d'education de base et d'education pour 1es nomades.

Pour ce qui C0ncerne les progrmlli~cs particuliers de ces trois projets,

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4

les methodes app1iquees, 1cs"difficu1tes auxque11es on s'ost hourto, vous

\

pourrez otro ~ioux oclaircs par In relation du Professeur Bonnani qui par- ticipe

a

ce Seminuiro on sa qualit6 de membro do la Delegation UNESCO. 11 connait bion la matiore car il a pris part, soit directemont soit indirec- tement, aux travaux de chacull de cos trois projets. 11 vous Sera distribue cetto relation dnns los prochains jours. Uno vi ai,to en Somali0 , au mois d^Ioct obro 1957, do Mtldcmois011e Julia Henderson, Directrico" du Bureau pour les Affairos Soc ir.Le s rlos Nc.t.Lons Unies

0.

No"W York, pcrmi.t d^tenvi aagcr' 10.

possibili

to

^{dtun voyage ciIetude sur 10} ·:16vcloppcmcnt communautairo que cor- tains ronctionnairos at technicians somalis _~urQiont ell

C

offoctucr. En sui- vant llidGS de fbdcmoiscllo Honderson, llAdministrution italicnne,

n

^{la date}

du 18 mars 1958, domanda officiollonlent aux Nntions Unios, et plus pr6cise- mont

0.

}1Administro.tion (10 I.';uJsistanco r.rechrliquo, I'accompl.Ls scmenbd'un voyage d 'etude do La par-t d 'un groupo do haut.s fonctionnaircs do La Somalia, dans los Pays af'r-Lcnins , y c>OlJ¥lriu l'Ugar,da, ot cc; clans Lo but d'etudicr les progres accomplis par los Nations Uni",s etfricainos dans le doma.Lno du devc;lop- pement com~unrrutairo. Clost

n

l~ suito ~c cola que six fonctionnaires somali, parmi Lcsque.l.s uric f'ornmo , furent choisis o f'Ln de prendre: part

a

co voyago d1.studo. Pr.rrai ^{QUX S(;} trouvo.it aussi S.Eo Pbhamod .Iuauf' tilon, Ministro de l'Education ainai quo l'auteur de la presente co~municatiollqui occupe la charge de Chef du Dupartement de 1^rInstruction Publique :

Grace nux NQtionJ Unios ninsi q11'U lQ cooporation _do~ Nntions

Q

visi- tor (Uganda , Sudan et P',kistetn), la mission sorna.Li o quitt.a !,logadiscio Le lor Juin 1959. La voyago dlotud~ fut offcctuG SOliS la diroction do

M. Goorge T.Daniol, charge des Affairos 3ccialcs aupres du Gonsei1 Consul-

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5

tatif des Nations Unios

a

Mogadiscio, ot sa termina Ie 27 juillet 1959. II a ete extrememellt profitnblo et riche d'experiencG pour les'six participants.

Los realisations que nous avons vues dans les pays qui nous ont rogus nous ont vraiment frappes. Naus naua sommes rondus compte do 1[1. mosure dans laquellc

un peuple pcut progresser en prenant part directemcnt, avec enthousiasme ct esprit d'initiativ0, au bien-etre de toute la Nation.

1e rapport sur les rcsultats do co voyage d'ctude est actuellement en voio de redaction ot sera soumis au GouvernOTIlent do la Somalie, auque1 cst reserve Le pouvoir d: mot.t.ro ensui t.o en oeuvre un programme do developpemont communautairo un SomaliB. Je suis certain que C8 programme aura Ull£ vasGO

portee car nous sonmos convnincus du bien fonde des affirmations du Secre- taire General des Nations Unios, M. Dag Hamrnarkj08ld,

a

Ia '70geme reunion du Consei1 de Tutc11c, 10 19 jllin 1959. En CGtte occasion, en 8ffot, 10

Sccrt.~tairo Gonorttl a dit: "1G8 progrrunmos do d6vcloppomer~tconrmunautairG no

sont plus ccns'i.dor-os COrJIne des prograrcmos soconoai.r-os , Les peup.l.cs qui les mcttcnt en oeuvr-e commcnccnt.

a

comprondre que cos pro.i cts pcuvont transfor- mer ontiere:nont Lour v.i o , Ccs pt-ogr-ammo s rcprcselltcnt uno promesse de rf che sso Gt c1u bi.en-Et.ro car los b'i cnf'n.lt s que L' on aura obtonus seront'

fondes sur les posslbilites latentGs qui existent deja aupres de!> bCnOfici-

, A ,

flJ.TCS eux-rneme s , Co mOUVCJTlont c'e dove.Loppencnt comouneuteLrc a commo carne-

teristiquo ossolltiellc colle de conduira los populations

a

prendre cons- eiGnce d'alles-memes ainsi quo do leur force, afin qu'elles puissent l'em- ployer pour forgor leur propre destin".

Convaincus ce In bonte de eos profondes considerations, nous tacherons de daployer, en Somalie, toutes nos forces dans Ie but de favoriser une

wp.16 Page

6

collaboration plus profonde entre les services du Gouvernement et les efforts de la co~nunaute. En d'autros termes nous tachorons de realiser de grands et sUrs avantages en joignant l'action du Gouvernement

a

^colle

de la communaute qui·ne manquera,

a

son tour, de nous donner son aide ot son appui.

Avant de clore cette courts communication, jo desire encore une fois vous romercier pour votre attention, vous exprimer rna satisfaction pour le fait de mo trouver parmi vous et, en mcme toops, vous assurer et vous pro- mettre que les resultats de ce Seminairo seront suremont pour DOUS d'une grande utilite et revetiront uno signification particuliere car ils fixeront les directions d1apros lesquellos seront poses les principos, les lignes et les techniques

a

suivre dans Ie domaine du developpement communautaire en Somalio.

HOHAMUD HASSAN NUR Delegue de la Somalie.

/ -

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U N E C A

,IDRKSHOP ON COIn-UNITY DEVELOPJTNT - ADDIS ABABA - 14 - 15 September 1959 REPORT ON ACTIVITIES CARliIED OUT BY UNESCO

- - - - - ^_. ---_._----,

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IN SOMALIA'

In Somalia there is not ~ progrrmme of community development as such.

However, the Italirn Administration before (AFIS) and now the Somali Govern- ment have made very _gre,~t efforts in the field of socd eL end economic develop- ment of t'1e Country, improvinr the ':>friculture, the enimal huobandry, extend_

inr in fnr villnges of the bush heclth centres and schools for children end

"dults. 20% of the tot,ol _Som~li budget for 1959 is Allotted for the social development of the country.

I 2m sure that if in the future these progr~mres are linked together and ar-e suoported by the enthusiasm and Lrrt ftd at.Lve of the LoccL populaticn certoinly the country will ccnsidcrebly benefit.

Whet has been done inthG field of'community development Can be found in the re2lizations of the two F.E. projects of Dinsor and Villabruzzi (Alto Giuba end Benadir) andalso in the experiences gQined from the fpilure of the project for Nomadf,c Educ,oticn in Afrnodo^I (Ol't,regiuba). ThoGC projects h,ove been the results of dolloborction between Unesco and It~lien AdministretioD bofore rnd between Unesco end Som"li. Gover-nment. now.

These three projects be~~n on 27 July 1951, when the Director of the UNTAA, Hr. Kec.nlysi de 8n:i the It,olicn pf.rmonent dele?cte to the U.N. : Nr.

Guidotti sipned the first besic agreoment bEt>reen the U.F. the spec-i a.lized Agencies end the Trust Territory of Som~liG, in order to promote the adv~nce­

ment; of the inhe.bitcnts of the territory in the spirit of Chapter

XU

of the Chnrter end Trust Agreement. Aft8rl'1prds two other agreements >rere si,med bct.vecn Unesco ,onel t.hc Government of ltdy ^,?S i1dministoring Authority for the Trusteeship, on 5 Au,:ust 1952 ond on 26 F<.lbruary 1953, fixing tho' future fundnmenta'L educot.Ion ,oTId Communit.y Development Progrnnnnes in Somalia.

Havi nr Lonr: been connected with these projc cts my principal task now

" is to mention t.heir pr-ogremmcs , results and hand'i.caps and difl'iculties which I have oxperienced.

The DAUFEP ( Dfnsor - AF1S - Unesco - Fundr-mcnta'L Educetj on - Project) st?rted its activities in J eDU2ry 1954 in Dinsor. Dinsor is ~ iillage of about 3,000people, sj tuoted in the Alto CD-ube refion, between BddoD. and Brrdera, 45 miles from the Giubr river rnd 220 from tho· canst.

It wos ehosen fer the following rensons :

1!)

Chief place for the first District cdministered in 1954 by _Som~lia Authori_

ties.

b) Very importrnt ·w~tering pLrce where the shepherds, of the region gathered in _th~ dry S€Qson.

c) thE: pr-esence of m2ny Dxtisi?ns woodc~rvers, blpcksmiths, potters, veavcr s and lc~th(^I' workers.

c) Its positi,'n _~w,,-y from the main r-c-ds of the repion, ensuring less externnl influences.

The eims of tho DflUFEP Qrc : n) to trrin Somnli personnel in order to expend F.E. in the Territory. b)

to

develop Dinsor and its surroundinr communities in the field of Educrt.ton, rublic Ho,elth, iICriculture, Arts and Crnfts.

The t.ellffi of DllUFEP "D.S compcsed of one 'Hc.olthAssistnnt, on" Mid- wife, two t.er-choj-s , one chicf-n.,;sist,o.nt, one chj.cf-corpenter, two carpent.er s , two ,Jatchmnn, one driver iJ.nd one expert in Africulture lent by the Rericnol Bure~u of j~riculture in Beidoe.

So. 50.000 ($7,000) WE:re allotted in 1954 Somdi bUdget for the expenses of the opor-at.Lon and for the payment of DAUFEP dF'ily-labciur.

Wro.le Unesco odd th~, salpry of th<, Expcr-t "nd contributed the equipment, amounting' to

~

15.000, the so.me F'moimts were n.llotted to the Project in the foihlowin" year.

=

2.

The tepm directed by f'rofesscr Barrer,o Vn'S~cz, Uoo~o Expert, of vrhom

I was the assistant, b"i",on its work iInm€di!'"telYI In the beginninp: i t ^WI'S not very easy to rein the conFidence of the population. I remember thet the popu- Lat.Lon did not even w<:mt to rive us " little plot where we could build our hut. But nftor some months the behnv'i.our-s of the pop'll,otj on changed, ,,00 little by little a rood undcr st.cnddng and coopcr-at.Lc.n wns estpblished betweEn us.

The vilbf!e of Dinsor which is inhebited by mer-chr nt.s , employees,

and povornment offici21s shews a different petterh of life from 211 the surroun- dingrerion, which is entirely rur"l nnd pestorn1. Fer thot repson, the DAUFEP h,odto have two dift'erent prorr,ol'"nes; one, for the cr-nt.rr L village, -nd one for the ppstore1end rur,"l districts.

In this ccnt.rr-L vill,","e, the project gives its ccoper-atoon tc the government school 1'00 di spensnr-v aIr cady operl'.tinr there .. established'n er-r-pen- try scheo1 ettended by 20 boys, e, Sawing, Tnilorinc pnd """broidery Cour-se

nttended by 15 girls, n Goci~l Centre where the people of Dinsor ccv1d re~d

newspapers ~nd listen to Bropdccst from f~~io Mogndiscio. In this Centre, the SOITwli t.oacher-s held weekly lessons in renerd culture ,lith the help of Audio- Visual means.

Besides the .Protect. tried to .help the p.rtis~ns, toe.chini' them new t.ochni ouoa o,r' vror-k, offcring them,

,n

th good terms, nov tools, and send.inr to MOgadiscio their better products, in order to estpoldsh commercicl links between Dinsor »nd the C~pit"l.

The Project tried »Lso to stimubt8 ^,0 close pnrticip"tion from .~ll the po!,u1::tion in D. better Ij f'e of the vi11r/?e. As D result some t.rccs wcre p Lant.ed on the roads of Ul< vilJ_N'e, and benches were pLrced for public use nea r t.hc Office of the D.C, A very fine Hos('uc (12m x 10" ^,ioS b,j 1t in' Dinsor by the Pl'oject ,oided by the Money, >Jerk pnd llssistonc8 of the people.

I~ t.he field of recrection"l ".cti vities, the h'cjcct t.rr Lncd two t""ms of f'oct.br-Tl, and bo sketbc l.L p Inycrs "n". o!'f'pni.zed some mr.t.chcs in the nearby vi11af'es. The Project .nlso prescnterl· somE plnys with oduc!'.tioncl themes.

In t,11. S1,-}~". ;:.l:·'j.,1~'" r· .' L ·;:',h., lrt.j:-c·~ c,··.:-:::ci_:~t.,~ y::rcF·T·....m...me of Agriculture, }JJ.Orlth ;-;ncl Literrcy tc['cLjrF,::.

, ' Asthc' popu.Ir.t.j.c.n of the region is serririoraadi.c , very .t\31..J" people nrc eD['8.€,ed in o,;;ricu1ture. They rro", sorghum ond bcr-ns , l'he DAUFEP est.nb'li.shed an exper-Lmcrrtr-L f'e rm, in order to snov hotr the plough dr-awn by oxen can be used, where possible, how to ^S01'; r-ows 81 _scrfhur.~ -( so as to cnccur-ar e i.hem to usc mecn-rric-L tools) using only selected seeds, Tho prcgr-imme had SUCC8SS and in few months many fnrmers fol Louod our adv.i.cc, The yokes for the oxen were made in our carpcnt.ry schoo'L :'nel ~lso the project t.Pllfht the blacksmiths of the lll."ke the iron for the.yokes. j~ter this, the Project tried to orgcnize soms co-operc- tive f~rming, with ~ supp1emEntpry budget of 50.'100.000 riven by the Govern- ment, but for mnny rcqsons,' it was impossible te re"oh 2ny results 2nd we Were forced to cbnndon our plans.

In the fi old of Hec1th -n d Srnit~tien the Froject orrtamzed the visits of the He" lth as'sd st.r-rrt and the mid-v'j fa to the vi11ar-es of the sur-rcund.i.nr:

region of Dinsor. The vil1cges ~re :b0ut 25 miles from the centre 2nd "re cnlled : Misr," , lack Brav,"i, Haf'ct., Casader-e , Rohol, _Aorm~lc. They treated t.h.

peeple r.nd fPve some lessons on Hygiene ~n,-j Sonitatten. Th2 commonest d.i.se osc s of tho Dinsor I;XC[' c.rlS intcstin'll r-nd pu lmonor , p.lrs l11el'-'rio (on doer-case now owing to the' Oover-nnc nt. end UNICEFc·ntim"lcria ,cD,mp!"\irn) end n pener2l

mnlnutrition.

Before spe,nkinrnb<_ut 0"1' work in Lit0recy te~ohil1f in the bush

centres, I mI.1st oxpIr.In t.h-vt. t.he Som^{o 1 i} lal1['Ucfe has not, until now, an 'Jffici··l written f'or-m, It is po ssib Ie t.o writ.e it in Lr t.Ln scri.pt , or in ."r"tic script, or in ::l somnl.i, originn.l script C,"Tlod Osm~ni"', but the decision 28 to whether Some1i 11i11 be tho n"ticnel 1,oncuc!'8 .nnd how the l:'Iwucge should be ,,,.ritton, . ,1i11 be t,cken by tho Govornment Df~,er the Indcpenc"Dco.

Until now, ^.;'0 have used in our Litero,cy tee ching ^C' urS8S one of the two official 1eW','cVe:, of t.he cc.i.nt.r-y : Ito.1ien or :.r,obi_e.

TUJ Centres of Liter2cy Tc:'chi.ng hove been, e st.abLa nhed in the bush, a.an Rahole nnd in C,ose.dere. The Project supplied them with n tec.chcr ,ond simple

school furniture m~.d8 by our C4".ITentr.r scheol. j.not.h"r contre of Literncy te2ching was ost".blishtd for the shepherds, g<:cthercd neer the Dinsor wells in the dry senson colled rUnl (Jnnu<:cry, F'cbruo.ry cnd Narch). Till s is the only period ,.hen the shepherds ef the reF:ion bct"'een the two rivers settle ne;:r the wells. For thet recson these shepherds ere censidered seMinomedic.

'" ,

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The Peo;:ole of the other reg; ens of Somnlic such (1.S l'ludugh and Oltreriuvl1, ".1'0

pure nom~ds 2nd' never settle for lonR. I ,nsh to Give you more info~otion about this exper-Imerrt , One day in Je.nu~ry 1956, at ten o'clock in the morningt my Sompli _~ssist2nt111'. Mohammed _Ab~c(1r ond I reached the watering place. _{~t w~s} full of animcls. The shepherds havinr finished irnwing the wpter they took a litt.le ,rest. ~Je put am Loudspeaker' on the roof of the jeep l'nd, br-or-dcaat.ed some somali songs, nlreDdy recorded. ~".ny shepherds appt-ccchod us ,?nd s,cng with us. We st.c.rt.od " littlE: conversation with SOme 0" them a,sking about their 'health, their cows end comels ond how long they would renk'in _na~r the Dinsor wells. Then we invited them to come in th8?fternoon to cvr- socf.oL Centre.

~s a result, we had in our Ccnt.r-e about, 20 shepherds 1>rillinv to follow our course. The _litor~cv t8nchj.D!" wcs rjven in Itolin,n and they reoeived some other Lessona in Hypiene, in ~nimpi ^husb.-ndry, in the history and gEJofrnphy of Someli",. They left the cour-se at the beginnin[' of the rp; ny season to look for bot"er l:r:1SS pnd wnter c,nd they returned to Dinsor pnd to cur Centre in the now dry seascn of 1958, with enbhusd.asm nnd good >liiI.

i,lthour,h the Dinsor Project is 2 modest one, I think thot it has been very useful ~nd the oxoer-Icnco pined by me and ~11 tho Some,li ~ssist,~nts will be of greet importnnco' in the ~lture of C.D. ~nd

F.E.

"ork in Somnli2.

Som,o.li

The second

F.E.

Preject of Unesco, It~li~n J~nistr~tionnnd Government, c~r:ri(3d ^CI1.'t in SOlTlrli8, \<10.8 the AUI~EP.

Expert, hod the rc,cponsibility of the f'roje ct.

onthrope1o?ice1 end ethnographic"l survey of his s·"rvey W8l"e the following :

Oi the rerion ~re sprec.d out Inrp,ely over the in very sm,oJl fT'.'''PS of two or three fronilies, The AUNEP ( .AFIS - Unesco - NOlTlA,d _

its p.ctivHies in 1Iurust 1956, in the rerion of by pure nomodic puoplo.

Mr. L.Zohrcr, Unesco He beg,"n ills Hc'rk with " fener." 1 of the ncmed's life. The results ,,) the somali nome,di'c peepIe

immense

B~sso Giub~ 2re~,

And qevor stc.y to~othcr.

Edueotion - Preject) Af,nado (Oltret:iuba),

sk.rted inhnbited

b) a nomad.io group of' fnmilies movine; from well to >loll, from grDzil1[' ground, >rUhout pcsdnC the bcunder Ie s 'of its region, rl1i11Ys use di.fferent prths , r.ccor-d: rr- to r,cin-fn.ll.

c) the nomadic groups are continue 11y movl nr »nd they obt,oi.n a complete symbiosis ',lith the cottle. The shepherd le".ds the cc Lt.Le to",crds' tho '\-J'c,ter [mel the ["rESS o.nc: rlso keeps it frc:m dise<"ses r-nd wild £'..nimt:ls.

The crtt.Lo ;,ives th, shepherd milk, sometimes rw ,o.t znd c feeling of we2.lth.

el)

The catt.Lc f or the shepherds is not only an economic esset, but has nlso 0, prestire vr.Iue , The prosperity of the shepherd is linked to the prosperity of the cO.t'le. For thct r-erson i t is impossible to convifi@C c. shepherd to s811 ,"COW or ~ cnmeL, jn crder to buy t.hi.nrs which we . conrrider- to be useful.

f) At In-st the nomrd ' s life seem's the best life possible accor-dLng to the difficult conditions offered by the crid -md t.l.or-nv somo.Li, bush.

Therefore t.he EXI'c,rt considered t.hs-'; to ,'0 r:"nc hclpinr; pnd riving cdvi.cc to the lJoIlkods d";l'evor they ern be I'ound , dj scussinv ,,jt.h t.hom their problems »nd plccsing them t1^1rol.l.rh films Sl"OWS {'Del radio, trou Ir! be [' very slow process anct ,r.j.t.hcut 'my re'3ults, since they ere so ",tte.<lhed to their pr'omor'd'i.a'l, ne ode ,ond cermet. ecsily d.ve us their time. Then he suri'estcdcrcotinp some bush centres net f,or from the nomads mor-e Import-nt meotin;--ploce. Some Korcnic seheol

t.cr-cher-s , who c.re ~,lre,"dy Ii-vine wit.h their nom,odic fcmili e s couLd rat,her there, inorder to t.rcin them, tcccll': nr Hyriene, S,on:ftnti on, Animnl Husbnndry, the

history and the reo?rphy of Somelip. After som months t.hc so to",chers shcu1d CD bock to their groups, in or-der to continue, their KDrn,nic tccchinf' md ».Lso to promote scc'ir-L ond oconomi.c devo Lcpment , asouming spontaneously the

leadership of their people. "

4

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•

•

• Tpis sugrostjon, m2ybo, would h2ve been the best possible for on _initi~l

solutiono£ the gref't probLcm of the Som2li ncmadic people's educ-t.ton, On account, of the dHfidence of the popuLatd cn 2.nd also sometimes of the S21TlC Korunic t~cchers 2nd elsa of 2cute difficultiesenccuntered, Qfter two years of work, the project wcs nbQndoned.

. The Government budget: or 1956

and

1957 amounted to

abc.rt

100.000So • . ($14.000). The Unesco 2.llotmcnt for this project ,,"s "bout $50.000.

The eC'lCipment sent by Unesco WI'.S handed over to the F,E, hujcct skrtinr' in Villn.bruzzi.

The teom workinr with ~~. Zohrer in AfmQdo WeS composed by one 'Sompli ~~"chey,t,~Kor2nic tC2ch'rs, two drivors. '

However the expericfice [cincd in this porioc must nct bo lost • . A new systemat.Lc effort must jJegin in the ner-r- "u Lur-e , It llk"y then become

.. an effort c2llinl? on the r-escir-ces and the speci.e.Li.st.s of several UN specLa- .lized ARencies, 21so the closest ce-operpticn from the SomDli Government

"nd the Sompli peopla. It is necessnry, for the future development of the Som~li C(J1'ntry, tekin):; into account th2.t threc-qunrters of <:\11 the Som<:\li popuLntdon is nomadf,c',

Tho third F.E. Project born from thl ceoperdion behrecn Unesco D.nd the Som21ia Government is the SUFEC. (Som21iQ-UnGsco-Fundpment~1 Education

Centre ).

111thourh the ^IDrk done by the DAUFEP in Dinsor h-d good results, Unesco 2nd the Som,olic Government were 2cvised in crecting' SUFEC to concentrate their of' arts on tr2iniYlh some soci nL le,oders, who cou'Ld be sent to the distant villagos of the Country, since t.ho orVI'njzP.~jon of many t.c-ms , operating as in Dinsor, would cost too much ~nd wouLd I-Tcigh too ·he".vi1-Y on the budget of

the new Somali St"te. '

The SUFEC started its activities in August 1958, in the presence of Mr. Adises1:'j,oh, our As'ist,~nt Generc>l Director. Its pr-LncipoI purpose is to cre2te t€2chors tr2inod in the problems end methcds of C.D. 2nd F.B., who will work in the frpme work of the Public Instruction system 2S rur"l teaChers, to promote the socinl cnd economic development of the Country. The Centre must also domonstrpte whDt cpn be done in F.E. _2~d C.D.with a minimum bUdget, usine school t.cr.chc rs "s ,wents of fundamcntoL educnt.Lon ,

The Centre in situ"ted in Villcbru3zi, a big villC>fe of abcut

5,000 peop'Ie , which is ne2r the Uebi Sceb0U river Dnd net _f~r from Ho!"ndiscio (50 miles). In the Vilbbruzzi surrC1mdinr, re[,o.cn it· is e,"sy to find aLl. the principe.l aspoct s Of tho Scm21i trodition,l cul:!l.ures. There is agriculturp.l pooplc ~long the Uebi Scebeli river, seminimndic shepherds end dry-fcrminp

ngriculture in the Hobilen aro,: ond nomad.i.c pnstor" 1 people in t.he _G~.l gi"l are".

The SUFEC has an accomodc>tjon for 30 students of " primc>ry school sk.nda.rd, W'10 hc.ve boen chosen from the somali rocj ons , The troinees will st"y in the Ccntrefor two schoIr-st.Lc yer.rs. In the first yec'r they Hill receive

soma theorotice.l and pr-oct.Lcv L training. In tho second they will wor-k in the communities of the SUFEC surroundinv revi on, underthe guida.nce of the experts.

The te,om >lorking in the SliFEC, is composed of two Unesco' experts, three So~,li tC2chLrs, ana He21th pssistcnt, and some day-l"bourers.

The budget of the SUFEC for 1959 is So. 50,000 given bv Somdi Gcvernment ($7,000) So 60.000 ($8,500) given by the Iklim Administrrtion r-nd

$

25.000 riven by Unesco.

1 • _,

•

5

In tho neer futuro .we hope to sec the problem of the Somali l"n~pge solved by the first Somcli independ~nt Assembly. The Somrli people will cert~inly

consider'the Somcli lr.n['u~r8 ns the offici"l one end t.hr-t; docision will r How fer

a.

lOTre crmpdgn of Literrcy te2ching in the ccunt.ry ,

The lock of technicd st~ff in the Country must be solved <'.lso progr-os sf.vcIy, In the .1'1rst YC(1.r of our work ~-te muct trrin some qu,.::lif~bd

people, who con .rssuno in the future complete respcnsibility of the F.B.

P.nd C.D. projects. We have nov three Som"li yvunr tec.chers sturying in the Ins_

titute of Educrticn uf the London University the problems of l~'"lt Educrtion and Community Development. When they return in Some.li,'., certrinly our 1'lOrk will becomo e:!si"r r-nd more succe s sf'u'Ll.,

For the leck cf funds We must Qllow for tho f~~cicl difficulties existing in r. now COl'ntry rnd >1h~n it is possible, O'Jr efforts must demonstrrte whet cen be done clro IN.i.th n minim:\llTl budr,et.

\Ve hone elsa to sec in Somo.li". D. new Dcmnrtment· este-bUshed in tho Government "hieh ,rill t,o.ks cere or Community Development.

With the hopeful solut.icn ^of those pro'::lems, Som"lin wHl put itself in tho wake of these nov countries, such ,'"'8 Inli.i:-" F.':!.kist~,n, Indonest r , Ghc,n:;, Lybi;." Tun5.sia, Horocco. Thesc:; ct.·untries h2VC r-cccived PT(!'t benefits t.h... nks to the SUC08SS obtdned by the C.D. pn:pr"mmc in chon,qil1['

tne

bo.h~viour of tho people, in [O."'D.kenine ^:2 civic spirit, in Fivin[' to the ponulrtion fnith 'in their

own

capacity of improvinf the soeiel end economic life of their country.

C~.rruiJll(j BOMnni

HG?d of Unesco '"rojects in Some.Ii,"'.