Appendix 9.

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Appendix 9 – Trend Comparison 1 Appendix 9. Trend comparison

Spatio-temporal population change of arctic-breeding waterbirds

Table A9.1. Breeding population trends estimated for 20 waterbird species in our study compared to examples of other studies in both the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska (ACP) or

elsewhere in Alaska, the Arctic, or North America. We provide trend direction as increasing (+), decreasing (–) or stable (Ο) with references as footnotes that include the date range examined bolded in parentheses. This list is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather showcase agreement or disagreement in population trends for each species.

Species Our Study ACP Elsewhere

Lesser Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens

caerulescens) + +^4,19 +^1,9,13,18

Greater White-fronted Goose (A. alibfrons) + +¹⁹ +^17,18

Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) + +¹⁹ +¹⁷

Cackling Goose (B. hutchinsii)^a + +¹⁹ Ο^13,17,18

Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) + +¹⁹ +^11,17,18

Northern Pintail (A. acuta) Ο +¹⁹ –^16,18

Scaup (Lesser and Greater combined) (Aythya sp.) + +¹⁹ –¹⁸ to Ο¹⁶

Steller’s Eider (Polysticta stelleri) Ο Ο¹⁹

Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) Ο Ο¹⁹ +¹⁶

King Eider (S. spectabilis) + +^2,19 –¹⁵

White-winged Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) + +¹⁹

Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Ο Ο¹⁹ –³ to Ο¹⁶

Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) + +¹⁹ Ο³ to +^14,16 Jaeger (Pomarine, Parasitic and Long-tailed

combined) (Stercorarius sp.) Ο Ο¹⁹ –¹⁶

Sabine's Gull (Xema sabini) + +¹⁹ +¹⁶

Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) + +¹⁹ –^7,12 to Ο^6,16

Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) + +¹⁹ –^7,10

Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) – Ο¹⁹ –⁸ to Ο¹⁶

Pacific Loon (G. pacifica) Ο Ο^5,19 Ο^8,16

Yellow-billed Loon (G. adamsii) + Ο⁵ to +¹⁹

a Trend results for Taverner’s goose (B. h. taverneri) where applicable.

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Appendix 9 – Trend Comparison 2 2. Bentzen, R. L., and A. N. Powell. 2012. Population dynamics of King Eiders breeding in

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13. Reiter, M. E., D. E. Andersen, A. H. Raedeke, and D. D. Humburg. 2013. Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay. Waterbirds 36:20-33. (1987 – 2008)

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Appendix 9 – Trend Comparison 3 15. Suydam, R. S., D. L. Dickson, J. B. Fadely, and L. T. Quakenbush. 2000. Population

declines of King and Common Eiders of the Beaufort Sea. The Condor 102:219-222.

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17. Swaim, M. A., and H. M. Wilson. 2018. 2018 Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Coastal Zone Survey of Geese, Swans, and Sandhill Cranes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7, Migratory Birds, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. (1985 – 2018)

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19. Wilson, H. M., W. W. Larned, and M. A. Swaim. 2018. Aerial survey indices of waterbird populations on the Arctic Coastal Plain, 1986–2017. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7, Migratory Birds, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. (1986 – 2017)

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