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Local knowledge about how ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation are related to trees in silvopastoral systems

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(1)

Local

knowledge about

how

ecosystem services and biodiversity

conservation are related to

trees

in

silvopastoral systems

FunciTree Final Conference

Trondheim, Mali

May 25

th

2013

Ditter MOSQUERA, Carlos CERDAN Cristobal VILLANUEVA, Isabel GUTIERREZ

Fabrice DE CLERCK ---

Alexandre ICKOWICZ, Pierre CLINQUART Dalia SANCHEZ, Régis PELTIER,

Nicole SIBELET, David BARTON

(2)

Outline

Why did Funcitree study local knowledge?

How did funcitree study local knowledge?

What are the main results funcitree found?

How useful (or not) results are?

(3)

Starting points

Local people know best

– Local people have some useful knowledge that is complementary to science (e.g.

phenology of tree species). This can be more efficiently and effectively used in design of AFS than attempting to collect the same information scientifically.

Scientists know best

– Local people have gaps in knowledge with respect to the role of trees in the provision of ecosystem services. Identifying and then targeting these gaps in FUNCiTREE outputs will make the outputs more effective than designing them without evaluating what people already know.

Talk the talk

– Analysis of how local people understand and communicate their knowledge can improve the design and effectiveness of FUNCiTREE outputs.

A local voice

– Documentation and analysis of what local people know can ensure that local knowledge is used to plan FUNCiTREE activities and so improve their local relevance.

What is transferable?

– Comparative analysis of local knowledge across FUNCiTREE regions will allow a rigorous analysis within and between countries of the degree of transferability of knowledge about the role of trees in ecosystem service provision and livestock production, enabling more effective targeting of future research and development initiatives.

(4)

Illustration of Barton (2009)

Phase I

I

Phase 11

Phase III

Phase

IV

"

-

~

li

C

••

••

••

1.

WP 7: Field TNI' f ..r>ctlon Prod. Dr;1lt BI<><Ito.

ILILIL

we11'ModtmMSR.illI'mbld

SliM<!onlrIil b"McI ..laIlOtlllrip

And IOCJIIfunctional""edl: 1) D'OUllhlToklr,nc• 2) Ino;tn...d lIlenc. 3) ImprOVed lm.1 Nult1t1on 4).t.... we5:Spllci. .by FlInct10n Specie. by.-glon WP~:

era. . R.gloMI ""'alyal,

I WP 5: Portfolio O<o¥.loped I I I I I I I

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WP 3: Spoodoo, I"-nllfied

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lypG, WOOd donllly, I I WP3&4;

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WP 2: AdopoUORINonAd"9l1onofMSI

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r

Sy.IoIm WP 1: Project Management

(5)

Local knowledge within FunciTree

WP3 Farmers perception of AFS tree species and their traits

Task 3.2 Local knowledge of species traits (use of AKT)

WP2

What are the critical ecosystem functions that farmers desire?

What are farmers hoping to get out of AFS implemented on their

farms?

Task 2.1 Farmers production goals (Community capitals framework)

WP6

Task 6.4 Causal network using Bayesian belief network to determine

cause-effect relationships with predictive models

(6)

Scoping

Delimiting

Generalisation

AKT methodology

Secondary data Key informants Reconnaissance { small Sample { stratified { purposive Semi-structured interviews Iterative, triangulated Qualitative { large Sample { stratified { random Questionnaire Quantitative analysis

!r

HSEVIER

ArNOd'",aI Sy"...,. Vol. Sll. No, l. I'f'3'1-)6). , _

4;J rmEl><...ScI<_~Id

All nJhll...:l.rn."",inG....,llritai. PI I: S.lf •• 5ll11I'1) . . . _, OlOl·,:rXI'I!119.0()+POO

Acquiring Qualitative Knowledge About

Complex Agroecosystems. Part t: Representation as

Natural Language

(7)

akt.bangor.ac.uk

Who's using AKT? News Software Manual Technical issues References and Readings

Contacts, Links and Questions

AKTS Reading materials

• Knowledge bases for oublished articles • Key references for AKTS

• Guide bogk

Knowledge bases for published articles

Waliszewski, W.S., OppOrlg, 5., Hall, J.8., arld Sirlclair, F.L. (2005) Implicatiorls of local knowledge of the ecology of a wild super sweeterler for its domesticatiorl arld commercialisatiorl irl west arld cerltral Africa. Ecorlomic 8otarlY.

AJso see the ERO guide book

Tflaumarococcus danitNIii (Bef1fl.)6eflth. a rhizomatous hefb with a rlarural rilO9" exteodiog through thol Guioolo-Coogoliao rain forest. It is a robust forest hefb, usualy forming extllflsive coloniols with p"tiolols to 3 m long arising from thol subtllfTilOOlao rhiz""",. It has long IMlIlfl used as a """ timber forest product, with stems I>eiog used to produce mats and lolaves used for roofing

(8)

A total of 429 tree Species!

Illustration of Ickowicz (2010) Potou (Senegal) Rivas (Nicaragua,) Tiby(Mali)

No.. Species Name

1 Azadirachta indica 2 Cafotropis procera 3 Citrus fim'on 4 Gliricidia seplum 5 Jatropha curcas 6 Mangifera indlca 7 Prosopis jufijlora 8 Psidlum guajava 9 Tamarindus indica 10 Tecoma stans 11 Ximenia Americana

(9)

Increasing our knowledge regarding the

complexity of local knowledge

Tree uses

Firewood Fodder Food Medicinal (humans) Medicinal (animals) Timber Fences

Tree functions

Soil formation Drought tolerance Stream protection Biodiversity hosting Cultural (Mali) SHADE

These classifications

are regarding to

tree attributes

Height Canopy phenology Crown openness Leaf size Leaf thickness Root abundance

Example from Nicaragua:

Shade

(pastures) Narrow crown, deciduous

Guanacaste, Genizaro, Guacimo, Acacia, Jicaro

Wind

protection Tall tree, dense crown, deep roots

Guanacaste, Eucalipto, Mango, Espavel, Pochote, Jabillo

(10)

Woody growth rate Height Leaf size Leaf texture Ease of pruning Root abundance Root texture Root depth Leaf production Crown openness Canopy phenology Compatibility with coffee Water regulation Maintenance of soil moisture Soil fertility Soil erosion control

Illustration from Cerdan (2012), inspired by De Bello et al (2010)

Most common tree attributes related to

ecosystem functions

'881

Soli f"rtJUly

Blocon1rol

rvl

Soli 8tabIlIty Natu ral .,B%Brd prElveniilon FltHe provision Water regullatI on Aesthetic value"" Climate regulation (lIloCludinuc::-.q....l7alio,n) y. Ca 0 S .an an: ltectll ,S 'e = . 0 '0 ,0

UJi

)0 c:

(11)

Complex (Nicaraguan) farmers’ knowledge related to the

relation among trees and water

Crown density of trees good for

water

Roots depth of trees good for

water Leaves size of trees Roots amount of erosion controlling trees Trees density Trees density Roots texture of

trees good for soil Natural regeneration of native trees Eucalyptus deglupta density Water conservation rate Water evaporation Water infiltration Run-off Soil moisturizing Sun shining Water storing

(12)

Outline

Why did Funcitree study local knowledge?

How did funcitree study local knowledge?

What are the main results funcitree found?

How useful (or not) results actually

(13)

Utility of the results for

WP3 Farmers perception of AFS tree species and their traits

Task 3.2 Local knowledge of species traits (use of AKT)

WP2

What are the critical ecosystem functions that farmers desire?

What are farmers hoping to get out of AFS implemented on their

farms?

Task 2.1 Farmers production goals (Community capitals framework)

WP6

Task 6.4 Causal network using Bayesian belief network to determine

cause-effect relationships with predictive models

WP5

Cross regional analysis of Species, traits and classifications

x

+-

(14)

Utility of the results for us

How much multiple ecosystem services are important to

farmers?

(Sean)

Guasimo greather than Jicaro as fodder, shading livestock,

interacting with pasture

(Marcel)

Can we relate physiological traits (Scientifics) to agroforestry

functions (farmers)?

(Philippe)

How can be local knowledge better used (IPBES)?

(Nina Vik)

Examples of synthesis of local and scientific knowledge

(Hubert)

Shape, size and density of crown in forage Species

(Hubert)

Integration of local knowledge in agroforestry engineering

(15)

ccerdan@uv.mx

http://akt.bangor.ac.uk

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