• Aucun résultat trouvé

Quelle est la contribution des lisières forestières à la structuration des assemblages d’abeilles sauvages dans les paysages agricoles ?

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Quelle est la contribution des lisières forestières à la structuration des assemblages d’abeilles sauvages dans les paysages agricoles ?"

Copied!
295
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: tel-01203346

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01203346

Submitted on 22 Sep 2015

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Quelle est la contribution des lisières forestières à la

structuration des assemblages d’abeilles sauvages dans

les paysages agricoles ?

Samantha Bailey

To cite this version:

Samantha Bailey. Quelle est la contribution des lisières forestières à la structuration des assem-blages d’abeilles sauvages dans les paysages agricoles ?. Sciences agricoles. Université d’Orléans, 2014. Français. �NNT : 2014ORLE2056�. �tel-01203346�

(2)

UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS

ÉCOLE DOCTORALE

ENERGIE, MATERIAUX, SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L’UNIVERS

Irstea Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Equipe Biodiversité

THÈSE

présentée par :

Samantha BAILEY

soutenue le : 02 octobre 2014

pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Ecologie des communautés d’abeilles

Quelle est la contribution des lisières forestières à

la structuration des assemblages d’abeilles

sauvages dans les paysages agricoles ?

THÈSE dirigée par :

Christophe BOUGET Ingénieur-Chercheur HDR, Irstea Nogent-sur-Vernisson

Philip ROCHE Directeur de Recherche, Irstea Aix-en-Provence

RAPPORTEURS :

Françoise BUREL Directrice de Recherche, CNRS de Rennes

Pierre RASMONT Professeur, Université de Mons (Belgique)

____________________________________________________________________

JURY :

François LIEUTIER Professeur, Université d’Orléans

Françoise BUREL Directrice de Recherche, CNRS de Rennes

Aude VIALATTE Maitre de Conférence, INP-ENSAT Toulouse

Philippe JEANNERET Directeur de Recherche Agroscope (Suisse)

Pierre RASMONT Professeur, Université de Mons (Belgique)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

! " ! #$%&'( ) * + ,$!- ) . " " / ' 0 ' 1 . 2 & 3 4 - 4 ( 56 7 8 # + , ". + # 9 0 9 " . % ! : ; " " <=>> 8 #?= ) " " # : 7 . " " " ' 1 . $ 1 &

(7)

) 2 + " 8 5 5 @ "0 > 0 + " 8 # " " + , " 8 "% " " " " AAA " " B " " AAA " " ! ; "0 "C &10 !0 +,$ &0 ; !(D7; ! 2 "0 2 ,(' $:7 : ) )9 9 E F " " <=>> AAA " , ! 2 ,(' D " " D + & & # - 0 9 2D& 7 0 , ! # ,(' 7 & 2 ; E F 7 8 1 1 # & 9 # 2 # 2 ; & + # 5 " 5 : 4 ! AAA "

(8)

' 1 ), " D ! "$ "0 * "D:,0 ( 1 + ! 0 $ G H # 1 9 # ; # D 9 -" 5 I J " I J # K J " " ' " ' L #(0 " " "B "

(9)
(10)

! " # $ # % & ' %( ) * %( % " %% ! " + %, ! "" # $ - . $ * / 0 !! - - * & 1 $ $ * $ 2 $ * & 3 ! - " $ $ 4 $ 5* 1 * + ! - % " $ $ 4 $ 5* 1 ,! - ! $ * $ 2 & ,# - , $ $ $ * % % & % && % ' ( $ & % )* $ & % + & - 6 $ 2 1 $ 7 5 * #

(11)

- 85 $ 5 $ & 5 $ 2 $ 5 #9 - " * & # - : 5* ; * $ 4 < 3 9# = " $ + *; 99 = > ? @ 8 99 = % > ? A 9' = ! ? *; 9 = , > $ 9 = : * * $ ' = "* 1 & *; + ' * 2$ & $ 2 & 3 B $ ? 1 C & $ $ D ' = "* % 1 $ * %! = > 5 % = % "* E $$ %9 , - . / , 0 1 1 = ! "* 4* $ 2 % = , * !( , 2 ( 3 , " 3 3 , " 3 , ( 454 3 = A C $ $ ! = # + !9 , 6 3 " / = 9 & + !' = "* ! 1 7 ; ; E 1 ! $ B 1 & D !

(12)

= "* , 1 85 $ ; ; C + 5* + F * $ C 2 2 5 + ? 3 B * D # = - "* 1 G5 2 2 $ $ 2 $ ; * $ & $ ? B < C ? *; C D 3 B D 9! =- "* # 1 8 5 * 2 ; 2 E 2 + $ * ; 3 " * 2 5 ; E + 5 & * E $ 7 * & E 3 85 < * 2 2 E & 3 " + $ 5 * H =- "* 9 1 % ! =- $ + % =- % 8 $ 3 % # ,% 7 ( 6 ,% ' . 1 6 =- ! > % ' ,% ,% 7 (8 ( 1 ,% 0 9 1 8 8 $ 3 ,% ' 8 8 3 ,% ' 8 8 ,% ' 8 8 ( / =- , > $ $ $ 1 H $ * + %%' =- > I 5 A J %% =- # > 5 $K 5 A %% =- 9 ; 5 $ $ 2 + & $ L+ %!( ,% / - 8 : 8 . ; 1 $ 3 ,% / 8 8 : 1 * <1 ,% / = 8 &

(13)

8 I $ J M %!# @ * %!9 % 1 >* * %# % 1 8 C & $ + %# N C & $ + %# % 8 %## ! 1 " 5 %# , 1 $ + $ 5 + N %9 1 8 *; %9! # 1 > 5 $ $ %9 ; ; 7 %9 % ; ; 7 %9 ! ; ; 7 5* %99 , $ %99 9 1 - *; 5 $ %9 $ %'!

(14)

& ) > ? 8 @ A B 8 ? &C ) % > ? ( 1 * & ) ! > D 4 E B ( > ! + C 6 ) , > D . 8 ) > + F ( B7A ! -C B A C ( . B CA ( 3 ) # > ? B G C B 8 ( G HC ) 9> ? . 1 1 BG ( C BG C 7 A 8 ( ; . . * ( 1 1 B@ 336C & ) '> B A C 8 6 ) > - ( . 6 ) (> - 8 G ( : / ) > ? " BI =)?C * * J 8 A * ) % > + G B ( C :G: 3 ) ! > ? * ) , > . B7C B!C ) > B2 : * C & ) # > + * 8 1 ; & ) 9 > 5 .1 ( 1 8 6 ) ' > ? ( 1 K B4 CA . B4 CA B! CA . B! CLA A A / ) > A ) %( 1 BG ( C BG C * 3 ) % > 2 8 * 1 M ( : E

(15)

6 ) %% 1 8 . * ) %! > - ( : E 1 ) %, > ' . B C A B C . ) % > - 1 ( 1 F * & ) %# > ? * B C F B C & ) %9 > ? ( 1 B CA . B C N . ( / ) %' > ? ( 1 ( : / ) % > ( : * J A B C . B C ) !( > - G 2 -( &3 ) ! 1 ( ? ( 1 B 8 ( C B.C G ( B C & ) !% > + * BOM: * C 8 B7C ( " E G B P /C B P /A 8 C B!C E G ( " B P /C B P 6A 8 C & ) !! > D G ( * 8 " 1 && ) !, > B7C 2 ( E 1 . ( " A B!C 8 " 1 . ( B! " 3 C &/ ) ! > B? C 6 ) !# > 2 ( ( # 6& ) !9 > - # 66 ) !' > * B C B C * 6 ) ! > - / ) ,( > 4 . -G ( : ( / ) , > 4 . -( : * 8 / ) ,% > * ( 1 B : C B :EC B C /& ) ,! 1 ' 8 ( M B > ) ( ! *C // ) ,, > 8 8 A B CA 8 8 " 8 B C / ) , > 4 ( 8 1 454 /

(16)

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

(17)

) ' > D * =)? 7= ( & ) '% > ? 3 ) '! > - 3 ) ',> . 3 ) ' > - A & E 3 B) > ( >MMRRR (* C 3 ) '#1 ) F 7 8 ) '9> ) . (9 8 4 T ! B //C ) ''1 D * ) ' > D* 1 1 6 ) ( > ' 8 A A G 8 ) > 8 A B C 8 B C ) % > - * 1 * * & ) ! 1 ) B : C G BG ( C BG C 66

(18)

A > . 8 ! 1 2 4 " ? 33/C A % > 0 1 1 1 B . " C B . C & A ! > B- DA IC . B? P C U ? 6 ' 33 ' 8 -7 ? - A 2 -(* BV 3 C 6 A , > 1 G G ( * B 4 ( J 33&C 6/ A > . ( 6 A # > ( * A 9 > ? ( J ( ) 4( ( " * ( 3 / A ' > ? ( W . J ( X J :W ( ) 6 4( ( " * ( 3 3 A > - 6 A (> - 8 6 A > ? 1 1 1 . A %> BOM: ) C S " 7 2 . 2 A ( A 4DA & A !> ? ( - 7 * - ( ( 63 A ,> ? 7 S * / A > ? ( S ( 6 A # > ? ( * ( ( A 9> ? ( 7 ( ( A '> ? ( % * A > ? ( 2 * ( H . 7 : ( : * A %( > D . A ( - " M? 33 A % > ? 8 ' Y G ( ( " Y G ( ( ?4 3/ > 5 : % > D #

(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)

= E ( G &333A 8 B= 4 ? R C G 333A 8 @ B? &C D 8 2 ( B 33/CA 1 1 8 9 " G ( A G A E ( ( @ A / 3 I 8 1 9 1 B C ' ( . 1 1 A 1 B . C . A @ A * 8 1 G Z B 8 [CA 1 B 8 [CA 8 1 B 8 ! " [CA 8 1 \ A G B 8 [C ; 1 1 : 1 N 1 N B 8 C ' A :G: 1 @ > ? 8 @ A B 8 ? &C # B IC B IC # ! $ IC B6IC B IC B IC " B IC

(23)

B 33&C B . C ' . 1 ] B A [ C B A A .[ C A 8 8 A 1 A 1 ] 8 B 8 % [ C ' E :G: 1 ( 1 8 A U ( 1 E 9 > 1 U ( 1 A 1 . ( B C * B2 ( / C - A 8 A A ] : B .:0 / C ' A 8 1 1 8 B . > # ! A 2 ( " * 33&C . 8 * 1 1 . . .A BV J 3 C -E ( > B C 1 ( 1 A G Q B C ( 1 Y B 33 C Q B C 1 . 1 B) * 3 C = * A ( B C : 7 ( A A F ; 1

(24)

& : ' A A 8 F 1 ' B 8 . 8 C : ' 1 8 @ > ? ( 1 * A #A :G: 8 ( " 1 ; A A B . ? 336C -1 E ( . 1 ( 8 ( 1 ( U ' 8 1 8 1 A 1 A A * ( ( A 8 B)( 33 C ' A * 8 A 1 B A A C 1

(25)

6 @ > D 4 E B ( > ! + C :( G BW ( 6C 7 A V ( B 3 3 C . 8 1 G " D ' 8 .( . BS ( 4 ( J 33 A ! 33 A W J J 33 A V ( 3 3 C ' . S B 33/C 6 8 A B C A 8 . 8 D 8 A 1 . 8 1 1 8 333 8 8 V ( B 3 3 C . B C - 8 . -; G ( . A S ( 4 ( J B 33 C G 1 F ( G * D A

(26)

/ G 1 1 8 . V ( B 3 3 C 8 G ( ( 1 . : 8 1 1 1 . ( 8 > ( : 1 : BV ( 3 3 CA * B! 33 CA BV ( 3 3 C B 1 33 C = 1 8 . E G . 1 8 A 1 8 B ! 3 3C ) A 8 * 33 333 A * ' 8 . F ( ( E 1 1 8 . F ( ( A E A A 1 8 A . ( BW ( 6C 1 A A A ( A 1 . BW ( 6C

(27)

@ > D . 8 ' . V ( B 3 3 CA 1 8 8 (8 % D * A * * ' ( ; 8 ! B!( ( * 33 C 1 ; X * B 33 C 1 8

(28)

( 1 . 8 1 : 1 : + :V A R B 3 C 1 E 1 G 633 - D J B 33 C 8 1 ; ; \ 8 G D 8 1 * 8 BD* 33 C -( 8 8 1 * 8 F ( 1 B% S 3 3C -1 - B 3 C 1 * B &C ' 1 F ( G ( ' > B C F ( ( A B C 1 B C 5 * B 3 C . : A ( A 1 . * 1 ( 8 8 1 * . F ( ( (

(29)

3 @ & > + F ( B7A ! -C B A C ( . B CA ( 7 * 1 > B C ( A : F ( ^ S: > SP 3 3A _3 3 B C 8 ( A : F ( ^ S: > SP 3A _3 3& B C ( 3 . A : F ( ^ S: > SP 36 A _3 3 B- 3 C A 1 A * ( 1 8 BW 3 3C @ ( 7 N . A * = 3 G &3I 7 1 B C G ( B * --DA * C & G 3I B 33 A 33 A 3 3C < 1 8 B? 336A S 33 C ' * BS ! * : ! C 8 3 B! E 336C ' ( 1 3 G

(30)

63 I 8 & I S :! 6/ I * :! - A 1 3A 1 ; * B- ( 3 C D A A \ 1 8 ( ; 8 B C A 1 ( 1 8 . ( ' 8 G 8 ( . . 1 BS D 33 A S 33&A X 33/C 1 A & G 6&I 8 4 > . 8 ! 1 ' B A C ! 1 D 8 * A . ; ' 4 " ? 33/C

(31)

% -. 1 BS " ":% 3 A % 3 C B 6C ' ( 8 & ( " 7 1 B 2 A 33&C . 1 8 B 2 . A 3 3C A > : B C 1 BW( ( 3 A 5 * 3 C Q : B C 8 . 8 1 8 B 3 3A 5 R " X 3 CA ; 1 ( 8 G BS A 3 3 W( ( 3 C ; 1 B S C Q : B C ( 1 1 : ( B2 33/CA ( 1 8 1 1 B5 33 C Q : B C (* 1 . ( ( ( BD ) A 2 ( 2 33 A ? 336A - 336C Q

(32)

: B C ( . 1 B? 33&A S 33&C Q : B C A A ( A G BS 3 C 1 . : B C ( <1 * 8 B! 3 A ) :D R 33 A ) :D R W ( 33 C @ 6 > ? B G C B 8 ( G HC B C ( Q B C ( 1 Q B C 8 Q B C ( 8 B % ( A 3 C A 1 ; 1 . A 8 1 ( 1 1 8 1

(33)

( : G G ( BW 3 3C ! - 1 1 8 A 8 * * 8 A G B * 1 A . CA 1 A ( A A 1 8 A . EG 1 ( 1 G ( 1 B5 " ( ( 33/A @ ` 3 3C 1 336A @ . ' . 8 1 ; B * ( C B C ' . ( 1 ; B 1 6 $ 2 D A @ ( B 3 C 1 ( : ' ( : 1 8 > B C E ( B F ( CA B C 8 ( A B C 1 ( 1 .

(34)

& C B C B /C ' 8 G 1 1 1 1 8 G 1 . G * A 1 . * A 8 . 1 . @ /> ? . 1 1 BG ( C BG C 7 A 8 ( ; . . * ( 1 1 B@ 336C A @ B 3 C ; * 1 G 1 8 B # ! C 6 8 1 8 1 G . 8 B C 1 1 8 ( . . B C D A 1 8 A ( 1 B C

(35)

6 @ > B A C B A . * 8 C 8 B ( 1 A P C 4 9 > A 8 Q * ( Q A 8 G ' * OM: * 9 B+P Q C ' E B2 ( :2 C Y G ( A G A . Y 1 Q ( B@ 3 C @ > - ( . ' 8 8 G 1 ) ( A Q A . . A 8 1 8 B ( C 1 . 8 B C ' ( ( 1 8 ' 8 ( A 1 B@ 3 C - . . 8 > : - ( 1 1 8 *

(36)

/ : -: - 8 7 : GA E > ( 1 8 1 8 8 B-( A 5 ( 33 C 8 . ! ` ( X B 3 C G B 3C @ 3> -8 G ( : B 8 ! ` ( X 3 C 7 ( A 1 ! E B 336C 1 1 ? * :a A /& 8 1 3 8 F G * :!

(37)

D A A 8 A A 1 ( * . A 5 " ( ( B 3 C " A 1 " * B C ' 8 8 . 8 EG B2 4 33 A !E J 33/C 8 8 8 " > B C 8 Q B C A 1 . A " A * Q B C E @ > ? " BI =)?C * * J 8 A * B > P A @P 3 A P3 33&C ' 8 E " 4 P E G ( " A P B5 " ( ( 3 C A 8 A 1 * 8 G 8 B 1 C D 8 ( 1 0 ( 1 . 1

(38)

* 8 > B C 1 A 1 G E . ( 8 ( Q B C A 1 1 8 A 1 * 8 8 M # Q B C 8 A 1 A 1 8 ; Q B C ( 1 8 G 8 A 1 1 ( 1 8 1 B4 ( J 33& C D * 8 A 1 1 1 ( B ; I 8 C > B 8 > A A A ; ( A A CA B CA Y (8 B A C ' 8 8 8 B " A 8 C B . C ! b G 8 - 1 X B 33/C & G > ( 3I # G # B C 1 &I B C ( 63I ? A &I A 3I (

(39)

3 @ > + G B ( C :G: ' @7= 33 + G ( : A 1 G ?9 > P 3 I Q ( ( P 3 G 3 I Q P 3 G 3 I Q P G 3 I Q P Q J R P 1 1 4 X B 33/C A 1 G & 33& 1 G ( BS 33 C ' ( B 3 CA @7= . 63 1 A * U 33 1 G A * G ! 1 a)7A H * B C

(40)

@ > ? * ' ! G 33 N * B' ( B 3 C ! " B 3 C 1 1 1 G A 1 J 1 * A 1 J N 1 3I * ' 1 J 1 33& 3 3 7 * * J 1 N; 1 * 1 A

(41)

8 1 1 G . * G G 1 D A ( A 8 1 BX 33 A S X 336 A 5 ( 33 A W X 33 C ! "" # $ D A S( " B 33& C A 1 1 1 ) : D R B 33&C * ) S( " B 33& CA 1 1 B A "C 1 " . U 8 . D A U * 8 A 8 1 ) :D R B 33&CA ( " 1 A BX 33/C - A 1 (* 8 1 1 D A 1 A 1 1 1 B! 3 A S 3 C ' 8 A ; 1 B! " 3 A S 3 C

(42)

A 1 . > B C G B C * 8 * B . C - . $ * / 0 ' G B C E G - J W B C G 3I G 1 A S( " B 33& C . 1 1 1 1 1 8 - A ( ( 1 1 . ; 1 A ; * 8 A G 1 N 1 BW J S 333A = 3 C ! " B 3 C 1 1 ? * : a 33/ I /3I A A * & I A 8 9 \ W A 1 1 &I ( B4 " ? 33/C W B 33/C 1 6 I 81 1 " I + R H * * W B 33 C 1 &3 G 3 I A 81 ( .: . . U ( A 1 ( D ; A 7 8 1 * -1 6 6 & 1 8 BH J 33 C D 2 ( A B E

(43)

8 ( C . --D ; B4 33 C D 7 A 1 M 1 . B5 " ( ( 3 C B C @ > . B7C B!C ' . . 333 63 ' 1 B _3 3&C B c3 3&C B5 " ( ( 3 C ? A : * A S B 3 C . * 8 G 1 1 - ? B 33 C 1 ; 1 1 A . D ; : * A W B 33 C 1 1 ( ' * 8 . B &C

(44)

& @ & > B2 : * C ' G &I ' 1 ( ( " ' ( (8 ' ( B . CA A . 8 A F A A BW 33 C 1 A Y 8 ' E 9 A A A ; A 1 BX 33 A S X 336 C . A ( A A 5 ( B 33 C 1 G 1 B 6C @ 6 > + * 8 1 ; ' 8 . ' 9 A G ( A B5 ( 33 C ' 8 G B /C

(45)

6 @ / > 5 .1 ( 1 8 ' * : * + G ( 1 8 > > ' ( ) ! ' * ) ' + ) , ' - ) ' . ) " ! ' / ) 0 ! ' 1 ) ! ' 2 ) ' 34 ) ' 33 ) ' 3( ) B5 ( 33 C D - A ! B 3 C . B C 1 G U A ( 8 7 8 1 1 Bc G & : CA U 1 1 U 8 E - . 1 EG 1 (

(46)

/ @ > ? ( 1 K B4 CA . B4 CA B! CA . B! CLA A A ' G 8 E 1 1 B C 1 . G \ B C ' ( . B CA A 8 B C D G B! 3 C a ! B 3 C 1 - B C ) G 9 B C - G S X B 336 C 1 8 G A ! B 3 C 8 G 1 A G . > : B C > G 1 B% ! ( 333A - 33 A 4 3 3CA EG 9 E \ G Q

(47)

: B C 1 8 EG B " 336C > 1 EG 1 B) S 33 C ' G @ > A ( 1 * A G ( 9 1 A G E 1 G * 1 B! 3 C D A A 8 . * 8 . 1 8 ' 1 ; G . D % 7 ( /3A 8 B < CA G E B CA . 3 G & B4 A C 1 6 8 8 A G @ A . 8 1 A 1 1 A G . 1 8 A 1 G 8 D . (

(48)

A B-( 7R:5 3 C 7 8 A G ( . + ( 1 ( 1 1 1 . - - * & 1 $ $ * $ 2 $ * & 3 - - M ( > ( 1 D B C . 1 . G ( * 1 A . > : B C A B ( 1 > A [C ( ( B * 1 . . * ( C 1 ; 7 A A G A G A ( ( = 8 :( : B C A ( ( * : ( 1 1 * ( ; * B 3C

(49)

3 @ 3 > BG ( C BG C * D A 8 * ( B A A C * 7 ! D A 8 ( . B CA * 7 ! B 8 D C -8 > B4 ( J A )( 33 CA B= 33 A D 3 CA ( BD CA . B@ 33 A ! 33 A 2 33 CA ( : B ( @ ( 3 CA ( B 333C A 1 G . * * ( B4 ( J 3 C A : B! " 3 C A 1 8 ( ( : B! ( 336A -( :X 3 C ' ( : \ 1 G . A D # B C ( : ' ( : B (9 A A " ( [C A 1 B4 ( J 33/C

(50)

? B 336C 1 # . ( : 1 ( 1 # A * 8 8 A 1 " A G A " A 1 * G B C 7 A A . BX 5d 333CA ( ( : 1 @ > 2 8 * 1 M ( : E B ? 336A ? 3 C A ( ( : 1 G . Q A # ( Q A ( G F G Q A A ( : A ( - . . * ( 8 1 . ( G 1 ( : - A ( B2 7 ( J A 66CA 1 1

(51)

. . \ G . 1 B 1 1 1 CA 1 1 . G U 8 A :G: D A . ( A 1 A B5 " ( ( 3 A ? 3 C B C @ > 8 . * B ( C ? B 336C 8 1 # . ( ; ' 8 . . ( . 1 B C @ > -( : E 1 7 8 * ) ( : ' ( :

(52)

A A 8 1 ; G B2 3 A ? 3 A % 3 C - % - M ( > ( " & 1 G * B . C > A A . U . G A . U . U ( " * 1 B C - A 8 # 1 ( 1 . * ) A 1 ( 1 1 8 G B4 7 33 A % J 3 C D A * ( 1 % 1 I J + ( 8 # ( G G B! " 3 C A ( U * A F ( (

(53)

@ > ' . B C A B C . 1 ( * A : 8 . ( * . ( 1 * B 8 - 33/C ' 8 8 1 ( # W ( B 6C D A F G A F . A 1 7 8 B C #A F 7 8 U ; B JR 3CA G B! 6&A 4 T / C 1 F ( # F B4 / A 7* 33 C - 1 (* 1 * 1 ( . B &C * B 6C D \ 1 . 8 1 . 8 G ) U ) U ) U ) ) U ) U .

(54)

& @ & > - 1 ( 1 F * ) A ( " F ) F A 1 ( " B C 1 D ; B C 8 8 G (9 G * B- C 'G * (9 ; B 6C @ 6 > ? * B C F B C

(55)

6 @ Y 1 G ( * . 1 1 ( 1 ( 1 1 B . > F A (9 C D ( B% Q % % & C . * ( 1 . A 1 ( : + . 1 1 . * ( - ! ( : * ' * ( A * 1 ( : B5 J. 33/A ' @ 3 3A W 3 A X 3 C * D A A ( : E BW 33 C - ( : : $ ' 1 * - E 1 * D . ( ' * ( > B C ( ( : ( B C . * B ( : C ( G 1 . ( 8 . " : ( B) :D R 4 ( J A ? J 33 A -( 33 C D : * A ? J B 33 C 1 . ( &3I G 66

(56)

/ ( ( 1 G &33 B /C @ / > ? ( 1 B CA . B C N . ( ' * 1 G 1 ( G &3I &33 ( 1 B C 66 . B C B? J 33 C D 1 . ( B) :D R 33 A 2 33/A ! 33 A X 3 C -' @ B 3 3C * * = B C @ > ? ( 1 ( : A ! 1 A @ A * ! ) C B' @ 3 3C 5 " ( ( B 3 C 1 . 7 A ( :

(57)

* J a 3 G &3I ( * &3I B C @ > ( : * J A B C . B C ' . . 333 63 ' 1 B _3 3&C B5 " ( ( B 3 C A 9 ( : -B 33 C 1 ( 1 . : = ' A \ A 1 1 ( : 1 * B' @ 3 3A W 3 A X 3 C 1 G A G 1 81 . 1 B C 7 A G ( . A 7 ( B 3 3C . " A G 1 ( B( C * # B' J C 1 F ( e( @ A F ( e( #A F ( F ( ( # F ( ; 1 " ; #

(58)

G " 1 A G G 1 ( G # ( G ( 33 5 J. B 33/C . ( : . 1 ( A A * 7 . G F ( ( 1 ( 'G . - A 1 8 A 1 * 8 * F ( ( . G F ( ( ( . G = E ( 1 8 \ 8 . * B@ ( 3 C 7 A ( ( : G - B 33 C 1 ( : A ( 1 G ; 1 * ( 1 D ; ( ( # ; ' B 3 C ( 8 8 * 1 1 8 B 3C ' ( . 1 # * 8 . ' A : .A 1 : A . 1 ; ( 1 B( ( . C 1 . B( 9 . CA 1 . G B( ( C ( - 1 1 ( ( E 9 8 . 1 ( BX 33/C

(59)

&3 @ 3 > - G 2 -( B7C ' 5 ! B C A ( G B A C B' 3 C 7 1 ( G $ ' B 3 C 1 - #A ! W B 3 C ' ( 7 1 ( A :G: ( * 8 8 ( ( - ( ( Y U Y ( # ' ( ! E . Y ( # 1 1 ' 1 A B 8 ( C 1 ( A 8 . B 8 ( C A ( - - # D A ( . A 1 A # A 1 E G A a * < - A ; ( 8 A ( B2 7 ( J A 66C EG ( A 1 1 * 9 1 ( ( A

(60)

& ' ( ( # 1 A 1 G ( * E A B . :G: C * 1 # @ A . 1 1 ( 1 G ( * A 1 8 . EG * ( -; @ > ( ? ( 1 B 8 ( C B.C G ( B C 8 ( A . ( . A B7C ( * 8 8 ( ( Q B!C 1 . . A Q B-C -1 # 1 ( B! W 3 C A G 8 A . G . . : B! 33/A ! * 3 C G ( : B) : D R 33 A S X 336 A X 3 C 8 ( A 1 ( * 8 A G A G ( A A 1 ; . 1 *

(61)

& - , ( 7 8 ( : * 8 A G G ( A G ' * <1 F ( ( G ' F ( ( : 1 B f C 1 \ 8 B2 C A G * (8 A B C # ; # B C ( Y 1 A 8 A G * B4 ( J 33& C 9 A ( G A ( ! B 33 C 1 ( 1 G ( : G & * J / * - ( : % 1 G 1 ( G A 7 A W ( B 33 C 1 N

(62)

& E ( G ( B " E C * 1 ( 8 8 BW ( 336 C ' . 5 B 33/C ? B 3 C 1 1 * 7 6 ( 7 A A * U " a W ( 33 1 G 1 " N B F C 1 8 " A -1 " E 9 A A . 1 1 E G 1 " 1 A 1 ( - G ( ( : ) 6/ A 5 " ( ( B 3 C ( " : G ( 1 1 " G & I 1 G . A G " D A 1 &&I E " G B C D A " " E " A G " A "

(63)

& @ > + * BOM: * C 8 B7C ( " E G B P /C B P /A 8 C B!C E G ( " B P /C B P 6A 8 C B5 " ( ( 3 C D * 7 A H J B 3 C .A 1 E A 1 " A " ( : 1 .A 8 " 1 ( : D A 8 * 1 A 1 8 " 1 ( ( ( : 7 1 A 6 ( 7 A * 1 " ( : B? 3 C - * ( EG ( ( : ! B 33 C - A G ( * 8 A " 8 . * D 8 A * * A 1 1 " ( BW (

(64)

&& 33 C ( A 8 G * 1 G . BH J 3 C % . 1 * 1 1 A ( 8 * 1 G ( : . A 5 " ( ( B 3 C 1 7 A " * A B C @ > D G ( * 8 " 1 ' 1 B C * U " G B C * U " A ' " 1 B5 " ( ( 3 C A 1 * B " CA G A 1

(65)

&6 B5 " ( ( 3 3C A 1 A A * B4 ( J 3 C Y ) . * 1 " A 5 " ( ( B 3 C A " - : . ' G G G D A ( 1 E ( ' ' " B C - . ( 8 # G ( ' 1 * " B . C G 8 B5 " ( ( 3 C b G A 8 " A G A A 1 G B! " 3 C A ? B 336C (* (8 1 ( A ( 7 A G 1 " A 1 1 . B # EG 1 ( C B C

(66)

&/ @ > B7C 2 ( E 1 . ( " A B!C 8 " 1 . ( B! " 3 C - A " :; 8 D JT B 3 3C 8 G B0 C . * 7 1 1 " 1 1 G 8 " * 7 A 1 G 8 " * ' G " 1 8 a 1 " 1 8 8 G A G D A G \ 7 A 8 G ' 8 G . 8 G

(67)

& % ' ( $ A G A . * > A 1 8 A A . 4 > 0 1 1 1 B . " C B . C " B $ 1 E D " B $ 1 D * B:C 7 BOC B:C BOC Q A 7 A 1 1 U ( 1 G * = D A ( U ( + . * A " B C + ( % (8 % )* $ ' 1 G G ( 8 8 A

(68)

& ( : B? 3 C 1 : $ ' \ A = - ( B 3 C 1 7 1 ) A 1 G < . ( : A . U -: ; 8 A 1 G A 5 " ( ( B 3 C . 7 (* (8 1 1 1 ' 1 A B1 G CA A E 9 % + A : . 1 G A A = X B 336C 1 - F G G A G A 1 G '

(69)

63 1 1 1 ( 1 ( ( : 1 D A ( ( : G A ) * ) B 3 CA ( ( A 1 . A 1 * A :; ( G ( A H ? B 33 CA . a A F G G A 1 8 1 9 1 D 8 G . A . : a A )( B 33&C 1 A 1 1 1 U 2 H ? B 33 CA ; A 8 7 - A )( B 33 C * ( : ( 1 ( ( 1 ( : G a A 336A 1 8 ( 1 ( : ( A A 1 # A A ( : 1 1 *

(70)

6 ' 8 1 ( : ( * 8 ; * 8 ' ( : * 8 . ( . G - 5 : > G ( D A E * 8 ; . ( * 8 3 A Q 1 Q * 8 3 3 D A ( ( G ( 3 A V 8 ( A ( ' B 33 C 1 1 ' 8 G 1 . ( a 1 ( A 8 1 ! . 33 A 1 G 8 7 8 A 8 > B C G Q B C 8 -7 ? B! " 33 C -=? + ' - 333

(71)

6 ( Q B C E 8 1 1 1 B- A CQ B C U ; . B . > C ' 8 . 8 B? C B &C G A 1 ' ? 3 U 3 1 * 8 G . G ' ? G " U A G . @ &> B? C ? G G BV 3 C

(72)

6 ( S B 33 C A 1 G ( 1 G ' > =U B- DC G A D E B IC E G A 5gE B CA A E B ( 1 5)2a P J C ? E * ( 1 B5)2aC - 1 ? E B * ( 1 C G B . C 1 U 1 * ' : 8 A U A I 8 -7 ? 7 A 1 & I 8 -7 ? 6I B? . P C ' G 6I * ( 1 B? 1 3 1 &C

(73)

6 4 > B- DA IC . B? P C ? & ' 33 ' 8 -7 ? - A 2 -(* BV 3 C 4 E 1 ( * 1 A ) ( B 3 C G # G ( B 6C X B 33/C S B 33 C 1 &I 1 8 I ( * A I J G ( A " . . X B 33/C D A " U 8 D ; 8 A # A ( .

(74)

6& ( J ( 8 ? J B 33 C @ 6 > 2 ( ( # B) ( 3 C ( # A 1 ( . A B /C 1 > B C ( . * <1 " Q B C B 1 3 &I C & G 3I 1 G I Q B C 8 ( Q ( " U " U

(75)

66 @ / > - # B) ( 3 C @ A 8 EG G ] 8 A * 8 . * <1 * 8 D \ 1 1 ( : 1 . 1

(76)

6/ - 85 $ 5 $ & 5 $ 2 $ 5 ' G . ( > * B4 ( J 33&C B C 4 > 1 G G ( * B 4 ( J 33&C 1 G ( ( A 1 ( ( BD ) A 2 ( 2 33 A ? 336A - 336CA 1 1 8 BX 336C A A 1 BW( ( 3 A 5 * 3 C D 1 G ( * 8 ( : B5 J. 33/A ' @ 3 3A W 3 A X 3 C ( B5 33/A W ( 33 A 33 C 1 E 9 * B5 " ( ( 3 A ? 3 C

(77)

6 H 1 G . . 1 G ( 1 G ( 1 ( . A 1 . * 5 " ( ( B 33/CA ? T B 33 C 5 " ( ( B 3 3C 1 1 1 ' . * 1 1 1 * ( 8 B :G: 1 C X E ' B 336C 1 G . A . * 1 ( * ( : . * ( : D ; 5 B 33/C F ( 1 . * ' 1 G ( : B27 C . * 4 ( J B 33&C X E B 3 C B C @ > * B C B C * BX E 3 C

(78)

6 D A * 8 B I ( : C B CA 27 A * G . ( D * . B 3I ( : C B CA ( .A \ A 27 \ # G ( * A * 8 A ( : # B ( 8 : C ( G 1 1 27 9 ( A * B 3I ( : C B CA U * A 27 . ; ( : . 1 E - " * & ( 1 ; " A ( 1 ; 1 ( - ; 8 A A BX 33 A ! 33 C ' ; G . G . D A G . > : X B 33 C 1 ( G ; 1 8 : D 2 - ( B 33 C * B7 *

(79)

/3 G . C 1 G . 6I A : ? J B 33 C 1 G 33 ; - ? \ 1 ' ( 1 . * : ? J B 33 C ; 1 ; 1 ; * X 3I 1 1 # B C /I 333 G 33 A . G 63 333 ha) - . : X B 336C ( 1 G ; : G ; A B 33/C 1 8 1 G E 1 G I ( E 1 G I . ( B . * 33 C : X B 33 C . U ( 1 ; 1 ( ; B &33 C 1 ( 1 G ; 1 ( 1

(80)

/ ( 1 G ; ' ( 1 * 1 G . ; 8 . 1 8 : ( A % ! B 33 C B )( C - 1 ( 1 ; . : D ; A ! J B 3 C 1 E G ; 1 ( D A 6 1 A 1 = 8 M E B 66 (* 8 C ) 8 A ; ; ' ; D 8 -( B 33 CA 1 " 7 3 G 333 ; A 1 3I Q 1 8 1 1 8 G ; B-( 7 " 336C ! ( B 336C 7 * 0 B# ! C B ! C 1 . ( ; ) A ; . 9 G ( : . * -- * 8 A W B 33/C ? *

(81)

/ B 33/C 1 1 N ( 8 G 8 * D * 8 : A 5 ) J B 33 C 1 . ( ( G " ; 7 A * 8 U G 5 ) J B 33 CA 7 " @ B C ( D " N A ( 1 1 D ; A W B 3 C 1 8 * N 'N 1 W B 33/CA ? * B 33/C 5 ) J B 33 C N 1 7 " @ B C W B 3 C 1 = A G 7 A ; 1 : D A 8 A " % 7 8 A . A ; 9 A 8 ( ( A 8 A * 1 D ; 2 > : X B 33 C 1 . ( ( B G C U B" C ; B! 2 C : X B 33 C 1 * 8 3 . -( 1 .

(82)

/ ( * 1 ( * . * 33 A 33 A 33 33 * 633 D ; . ( 33 33 A * G 1 ( A ; B! 2 C : X B 336C A A . ( ( 1 . ( ( B! 2 C B C @ > -' ( * 8 BX 336C : S X B 336 C 1 . . B C -. ( 8 8 G B! 2 C B 3 C

(83)

/ @ 3 > 4 . -G ( : ( 1 8 ( : B C 1 B C -( 1 . B * E C ( ' G ( : B ( A * ; (; C ( ) S ' 3 BS X 336 C @ > 4 . -( : * 8 1 ( : * B C 1 B C -( 1 . B * E C ( ' G ( : B ( A * ; (; C ( ) S ' 3 BS X 336 C : 7 ( B 3 3C 1 G 1 ( * 33 ( * B! 4 C : 4 J B 3 3C 1 . H ' " B 8 1 C 1

(84)

/& G ( * J " ( B! 4 C : 2 B 3 C A . * B * A ; C 1 U * ; ( 1 1 . . * 1 ; 1 . B! 2 C B C @ > * ( 1 B : C B :EC B C ' * B A A A 5 A \ C G &I ' ( 1 B2 3 C : X B 3 CA . U * J ' G ( 1 1 B! 2 C D 8 A 2 : A ; 8 " U G

(85)

/6 N ; A * ' ] ; G G - ; 8 ( ( E 7 A 8 A : 8 1 9 ( ( D ; ( A ( 1 E G 1 ] 1 A 9 8 . A ) :D R B 33 C ; " " ; B 3 ; C N . * . 1 " ; - : 5* ; * $ 4 < 3 ' 8 8 ( : 1 . G ( * G 8 A * : . B C A 1 1 A A 8 E A 1 ; : E B? /6C

(86)

// = " $ + *; = E ! ' )) - (8 N 8 G i i E ! ' )) B-! ' ) 8 ) 1 $C 1 ( ( !S@ 3 3: 3 B! S @ 8 CA 1 ; A 8 8 . E B C ' E ! ' )) * : . 1 8 8 * 1 A G A 7 < A . ?( 8 @ > ' 8 ( M B > ) ( ! *C

"

@

$

B

8

A

A (

C

8 ;

B

A (

C

B

8

C

A

$

$ $$ ;

B

8

C

A

G

8

;

B

8

C

(87)

/ @ > 8 8 A B CA 8 8 " 8 B C = % E ?4 ' ? 8 33 333 J 1 G ( B54C 8 ( B454C @ B &C - 8 E 7 1 A ; 9 8 D A ? D 33 A ? E Y G 1 G 3 A 1 ( 8 1 454A ? @ & > 4 ( 8 1 454

(88)

/ = ! = E (8 + ( 1 . : 1 . ( * A ( . 1 * D 1 A ( A G ( * 1 ( ( ' 8 8 A * ( . G A " ' E (8 > B C 9 B C 8 8 B A C A 8 . ( B " C G ( B * 8 C - E G E 1 ( 1 + ( = , . ) 6 ( ( : * 8 1 (8 ( + 1 A 1 . 1 ' . 1 (8 ( 1 . .1

(89)

3 @ 6 > ) ( ( * 8 1 (8 ) A (8 A 1

2

) - 5 : 5 ! ' 8 8 ' 8 E (8 ' 8 H (8 [ @ @ ; D * * 8 - ( S -' @ 4 -" E -S 1 = - ( -) 4 ( ?4 * > D ( 7 ( . D M

(90)

-= 0 ( ( - (8 ( G 1 > "* 1 ' B A C : B C * 1 ( . : . . 1 . G 8 8 # ( * # $ - 1 E * (8 ( 1 G 7 A * # @ / > 0 ( - : ( ( A 6A .1 ( @ > ( "* % 1 2 (

3

O

3

D * * 8 * > D ( 5 : ! ' 8 8 @ ;

(91)

"* ! 1 - G 8 8 : : " $ - 1 E 1 * # @ > 0 ( - : ( ( A 6A .1 ( @ &3 > (

3

3

3

3

D * * 8 - ( S -' @ " E * > D 5 : ' 8 8

(92)

"* , 1 ' 8 8 A 1 ( . 1 ] ( A : : 1 E $ - 1 E ( @ & > 0 ( - : ( ( A 6A .1 ( @ & > ( % >

3

- " >

3

5 : ! ' 8 8 ' 8 E (8 ' 8 D * * 8 - ( S -' @ 4 -" E -7 ( .

(93)

"* 1 g : : : 8 ( * . E B ; A E (8 A C $ -1 @ & > 0 ( & - : ( ( A 6A .1 ( @ & > ( & ' 8 8 > A : A O A O $$ $$ ' 8 8 > A : A O A O $$$$ ' 8 E ( 8 > A : A O A O $$ $$ - " 5 : ! ' 8 8 ' 8 E (8 ' 8 D * * 8 - ( -) S -' @ 4 -" E

(94)

-& "* # 1 ' ( : 8 : " : 1 ( 8 $ - ( : 8 " 1 . * ( " G ( . * " $ ' ; ( : : " * $ - 1 ( \ 0 > ' ( : 8 : " : 1 ( 8 $ @ && > 0 ( 6 - : ( ( A 6A .1 1 @ &6 > ( 6A 1

3

5 : 4 ( ?4 -) D * * 8 - ( S -' @ " E

(95)

6 0 > - ( : 8 " 1 . * ( " G ( . * " $ @ &/ > 0 ( 6 - : ( ( A 6A .1 1 @ & > ( 6A 1

3

3

7 7 8 - . * ( " - . * " 5 : 4 ( ?4 -) D * * 8 - ( S -' @ " E * > ( )

(96)

/ 0 > ' ; ( : : " * $ @ & > 0 ( 6 - : ( ( A 6A .1 1 @ 63 > ( 6A 1 "* 9 1 D

3

3

5 : 4 ( ?4 D * * 8 - ( S -' @ " E D M * > (

(97)
(98)

=

"*

1 & *;

+

* 2$ & $ 2 & 3 B $ ? 1 C & $ $ D ! *A ) jA D ; A 2 jjA ? ( A jjjA ! A - j j+ ? ( ) 4 ( * 7 B CA e@ * ( A D ! A @: & 3 + : :% A @ jj' 8 a *A S . 7 ! 4 ( BS.:7!4C ! * ' a A D A A ! &3 3 S .A ! jjj+ ? ( ) 4 ( * 7 B CA e2 * J ( A /& - " A -) 336 A 7 .: : - . &A @

3

O

3

D * * 8 * > D ( 5 : ! ' 8 8 @ ;

(99)
(100)

$ D 9 ( : * 1 B : C G . - A . N * ( + 6 \ ( G . ; # ; * # ' . E N N N N( ( 1 . N 1 . . 1 . 1 D . . B 1 C : B F . C . + 1 N ( ( Q N ( + 1 N . ; ; * 8 .> B C ( A B C . 1 ( N A B C U N - 8 G N N( ( ( G . * 1 . 2 * ( ( : ( * B : C 5 R A ( * ( * ( ( * W R ( 6 ( R ( . * ( 4( E ( * ( ( ( R( ( ( . * ( ( ( ( . * * : * ( * 4R E B C : B C . W ( ( ( ( * * ( Q ( R :

(101)

( W ( ( ( ( ( . * * ( > B C ( *A B C ( 1 ( * A B C ( R( ( * J 4( * ( " ( ( ( ( ( . * ( R * P &2Q 1 * A A A A . *A S ( J * ( ( * B! ( 3 3CA ( ( * B 3 Q ! 336Q 5 33&C 7 ( ( * A ( * A *A ( R ( ( : ( A ( " " ( B! J* 3 Q ) 33 Q X 2 A 3 C 4( ( ( * * ( B? ) ( 33 C 4( * ( ( . ( * * > B C ( * B C ( * B C ( * 7 * ( * * * ( *A R * * R ( * B) * 336A 5 ( 33 C 4( ( ( ( 4( A : BV( 33/CA * 4( ( * ( *

(102)

* ( ( ( 1 * M R * ( ( R BV( 33/C - * ( ( ( * ( @ . A W ( B 33 C 5 B 33/C * ( R ( R * R ( ( ( 5 R A ( ( B1 C ( * ( BW ( 33 C 4( . ( R ( * ( ( ( ( ( * BX 33/CA R( ( * . * ( k l ( 7 ( 1 * * ( Q A ( * * k ( l R( ( * A R ( BW ( 6Q ? ( 3 3C % * R A * A * * ( ( ( * B7 33 C ? ( ( R ( : ( J k J l ( ( BS 3 Q ! ( 336C + : ( * ( ( R( ( 7 ( ( 4( * A A A R A ( R ( A A R ( 2 A ( * ( R R ( R ( A * ( ! R R ( . . ( R R * W R B) C ( ( ( ( * * . * B C M B C ( R( ( ( 2 E * ( 4 ) * ( ( . * ( ( : 5 R A ( . *

(103)

* ( ( * R( ( ( ( ( ( * R (* ( " B) C ( ( . * ( ( ( * ( * ( ( ( ( ( B2 4 C R (* ( " ( ( R R ( R ( ( ( R( ( W B) C ( ( . * ( R B C ( 1 R( ( ( * A A * * * ( ( ( * R * ( ( ( * * ( ( ( * * * ( W B) C B C * ( ( B C ( ( 2 E * ( 4 4( ( R ( R W R B)&C ( ( B4 C @ *A R (* ( " B)6C ( ( * B C: B* C * ( ( B ( C ( * ( * ( ( J B4 &C * = ( R ( ) W J R A R ( ( * J R * ( ( W ( ( ( J

(104)

& : ( : ( * : ( W ( ( ( . * ( ( R ( * . @ . A R R ( ( ( W J R ( ( A * ( R J *:R ( > k lA k lA k lA l lA l lA l lA l lA k * lA l ( l ? ( R * * . ( R ( ( ( ) *: . R ( ( R 2 ( B P / CQ R * B P C * ( BR ( C W ( ( * ( . * ( ( Q R ( 3 A ( * ( B 6C 4( * R ( // Q ( R 7 ( // *A ( R ( 33 Q ( R A * J * * R( ( ( 3 ( R B! E 336C = * * . * R ( ( : R * @ A R ( 3 R R ( E * R 33 3 *A R * * J Q A R @ *A R * R 1 A ( 333 3 A J *

(105)

6 % $ W ( ( > B C B : C * A B C A B C * A B C ( *A B C * W ( R ( ( *> R A A ( * A A ( A ( A " ( " A * ( A (* ( 4( ( R ( ( > * B R A * ( A CA B ( CA B " ( " CA B A ( * CA B A ( C * B (* ( C W ( R ( ( *> A A J* 7 ( ( R *> * @ ( * R A : ( * ( R A *A * R ( ( : A R B C @ A R R A A R ( 4 R A ( * A R * R( ( * ( B C R B C R( ( ( B C W( ( A R ( R( ( R ( : R( ( R ( 4( A R . ( & * ( ( ( B3:&33 Q &3 :

333 Q 33 : &33 Q &3 : 333 Q 33 :&333 C a *A (

(106)

/ k% l ( : R : J R A : ( ( ( BS ( 5 A 33 C W ( A ( 4 ( R . * A R W . J B R C X J :W B ( C A* * * & & $ & 4 * Q* * $ * B D @ A A ( ( ( R : B M &A M6 3M 3 *C 7 / 4( A R( ( ( * * A * ( * B /M C 4( : ( " * * " B A A 6A 6C 7 A ( * * ( ( ( * B M C ) . . ( * * R & 3IA ( " * ( 3 B+ P C

(107)

4( A R( ( ( : * * A * ( * B C ( ( " * ( 3 ( ( % $ & $C $ & * * * Q* * A $ B %D W : A B 3M A M M 6 *C 7 - * R( R . ( W . J ( R R ( . * B : > 3 C ( ( W . J ( R R ( . * B : > 3 &6C . 7 A ( W . J ( R R ( . * B : > 3 & C ( * R( R . 2 A . * ( " * ( 3 R W R ( ( R B . * C ( R * ( . *

(108)

@ A R R ( . * ( A R ( * ( ( . * B(* ( 6C R ! ) $ & * Q B D Q* & & * Q B !D @ A ( : B 6M/ M & *C R ( ( 7 - * R( R . A ( W . J ( R R ( . * B : > 3 / C ( R a *A A . * ( " * ( 3 R 7 A ( W . J ( R R ( . * ( B : > 3 &&C * R( R . @ A . * ( " * ( 3 R

(109)

33 , B D $ & * * B D B ,D - * R( R . A ( W . J ( R R ( ( B : > 3 & &C @ ( . *A ( " * ( 3 R 7 $ $ Q* & * & $ B D2 B D @ A ( ( ( ( R : B M 6 &M *C 7 W ( R ( &

R ( &A ( 3:&33 ( ( B 3 ICA

R * ( 333: &33 B 3IC 5 R A ( X J :W J ( R R ( B : > 3 C & R ( & ( A ( 3:&33 ( B 6 IC 7 A ( X J :W J ( R R ( ( B : > 3 C

(110)

3 # $ $ * & $ B D2 $ & * * $ $ B #D 6 4( 6A R( ( ( ( * B C: * ( ( A * ( W . J B : > 3 3 &C ( 4( . * ( " * ( 3 R 7 6 - * A 6 * ( W . J B : > 3 &3C ( 4( . * ( " * ( 3 R 7 6 @ ( ( . *A ( ( " * ( 3 R B C -A* * * & & $ & 4 * Q* * $ * B D *A R ( ( ( ( R : 7 ( A R

(111)

3 B IC B & IC ( B3 3 I /I *C R . 4( R * * 4( R ( BD * 4 ( J A 33 Q 2 ( A 33 Q 4( A 33 C ( ( ( 5 R ( * * ( R ( 4( ( * ( * R 4( ( A ( ( * B2 336A 5 RJ ' R / 7 J R 3 2 ' 6C @ ( ( * B2 ' 6CA ( R B? 3 C B! * 3 C + ( A ( ( A ( * * ( A ( B? ( 3 3C * R * B &IC ( B &IC ( R * * 4( ( ( ( ( * ( R . ( ( . * ( ( R ( B' 336C @ . A 7 A B 3 3C ( ( R R * ( : 4( ( R ( * A : R * R ( A R( ( ( A R * J * ( % $ & $C $ & * * * Q* * A $ B %D W (* ( " ( ( R * . * ( A R( R (

(112)

3 . * R ( ( A ( * R ( 5 R A R( ( . ( ( R A ( * ( ( . R(* R * R ( ( J R . * ( * ( ( ( ( : ( R * B &C = ( * R ( 2 B : C A ( . * R ( R ( * : B &C 4( . R * ( * ( R R 4( A R ( ( ( . * ( ( ( ( * ( ( ( *" ( @ . A A ) :D R B 33 C ( B 3 *C ( . ( 4( * * ( ( : ( ( 4( * ( ( * ( ( ( * 4( J * ( R ( 4( ( ( ( ( ( ( * A : * R( ( * A ( R ( R * R ( ( . ( BW 33/A ? * 33/C R( ( ( BW 3 C ) *A : * A 5 ) J B 33 C ( ( ( R R ( ( ( R R R( 7 " @ B C ( ( R * R ( 1 R = ( ( ( W B 33/CA ? * B 33/C 5 ) JA

(113)

3 B 33 C ( R( 7 " @ B C W B 3 C * - * R( ( ( *A : ( * * ( ( R ( * 7 A ( * R ( R 2 * : ( R ( * 4( R ( A " % 7 * A ( * R ( ( = ( ( 1 * A ( ( ( A 4( * R ( ( R( ( R ( R ( 7 ! * B 3 CA * @ A ( ) R J ( ( ( ( J * ( R " R B! a ( A Q 2 Q 33 C 4( 1 * ( R * * R ( * ( A ( ( ( J R B4 ( ( A &C ( * @ ( ( ( @ . A ! * B 3 C ( R * @ ) ( B 33&CA 8 A * ( * E ( A R ( A ( R( ( (

(114)

3& ! ) $ & * Q B D Q* & & * B !D * A R * R ( ( ( BS( " 33&Q S 3 C 2 A ( * * * * ( R R( ( ( * W R ( ( ( ( * ( * R * 5 R A ( ( J ( ( * A ( A R( ( * * ( @ ( A R R * * . * * R( R . ( 1 B 6C 7 R A B C ( R * * . * B &C 7 * ( R R ( 1 A " A ( A * * * B2 ( 33/C 4( ( . * ( ( R ( ( * B f % C ( * ( B4 ( J 33/A ! 3 3A ? 3 C , B D $ & * * B D B ,D W ( ( R * ( ( B &C a *A *A R * R ( . * Q R ( ( R * ( 7 4 ( J B 33& A 33/CA ( ( A ( ( *A *A * ( *

(115)

36 2 A ( ( ( R * ( ( k *lA R( ( ( * ( ( R * ( B? 3 C 4 A ( R J A + ( A ( ( J * ( ( ( B4 ( J 33& A ' 33 A 2 * 3 C $ $ Q* & * & $ B D2 B D @ A R ( 3:&33 333: &33 R( R &33: 333 333:&333 5 R A A ( R * * 4( . R ( ( * ( * ( 2 ( J * ( ( . @ . A ( ( * R( R ( . A R ( * BX 33 A 7 ( 3 3A ? J 33 A X 33 A S X 336 A ! ( 336A ! 33/A 33 A 4 J 3 3A W 3 A ! * 3 C R ( ( ( ( R A ( R ( * * * &33 * ( * * ( BS ( 4 ( J 33 A X ( 33&C @ ( A A R( ( ( ( * * ( * R ( B2 ( A 33/C ( ( @ ( : J * * (

(116)

3/ BD A 4 * C - * ( R( R * A R * . 4( * ( ( ( * * . ( ( B X 33 C @ ( ( A ( * ( ( ( ( B!( @ ( A - 3 A X R J 3 C @ *A R( R R . " * * ( A J R ( 1 ( R( * A ( R ( ( ( . * # $ $ * & $ B D2 $ & * * $ $ B #D W ( : * ( . ( B &C ( R * * @ . A @ ( /3 A ( R * B C B CA . * : : : * B4 A C * ( . ( ( ( R R ( ( . ( A ( ( A ( * A * * ( ( R( ( * R * J ( ( ( A ( * W J ( R * R * @ . A -( B 33 C . ( 1 1 * ( * * * B C 4( * ( ( R ( ( R ( B ( : C ( . A ( * ( R R ( ( R ( 7 *A

(117)

3 ( k l ( ( R ( ( * B C R ( ( A ( . R ( ( R * * ( ( R( R 4( ( R ( ( R ( R( R . ( ( * B CA ( ( R A R * B C @ *A R ( R( A * ( : ( R( * ( ( * 9 $ & $ $ $ 4( E ( R R > B C ( ( ( B C R( ( R A . * A ( * : * ( W ( ( ( ( * * ( R ( ( * R( R . W ( ( ( ( ( ( B . *C * ( E > B C ( * A B C ( 1 R ( ( * ( ( * B C ( * R ( 1 : 4 ( ( ( A R ( R J ( ( . ( ( ( R > ( A ( : ( R ( ( R ( * W ( ( ( R( ( * . ( ( ( ( ( B5 ) J 33 A '* 33 C

(118)

3 ( RA R ( ( ( 5 R R ( ( R ( ( ( @ . A ( A J B!( @ ( A - 3 A 5 * 3 C 4( * J R * ( 1 * A R B4 J 3 C R J B! A 5 V( 33 C ( * ( ( ( * R ( ( A R B5 ( 3 3A ) * ) E 33/C 4( A R( ( ( * R A R R ( R R ( 5 R A R ( ( * * ( R * R ( ( A ( ( A ( R( ( A ( * R R ( ( * @ *A R ( R * ( R ( ( : ( B? J 33 C ( R ( . B! ( 336C ( ( ( * ( * * R ( ( ( ( ( ( ( R A * 5 R A ( R ( J * ( R R ( ( * B? A /6C 4( A R * ( ( " ( ( @ ( A * * ( E * R( ( ( * *A * ( A R ( * ( ( R * ( * R * R ( A * . A ( * A A ( ( * B2 J 3 C

(119)

3 4 A R : R ( ( : ( ( ( : ( ( : ( * * ( / Q $ W * ( J % J 2 ( J ( ( 4( ( R * ( @ ( 2 * -( ( * ( ( ( !S@ B ! 3: 2!SD:!S@: :-%):3 A m-5=?a) 33 &3 C ( R J R * R ( k- ? - l

(120)

4 &> . ( 6 6& * ) > ( ( ( * * . * M ( R( ( ( + ( ( ( ( ( * ( D * 4 ( J A B 33 CQ 2 ( B 33 CQ 4( B 33 C 7 . * B C * ( * : ( ( ( A R( ( ( * ( 7 B 33 C ! ( ( R * ( ( * ( ( * ( ( ( * W ( B 33 A 33 C ) ( ( ( * ( 2 ' B 6CQ 2 B 336C Q 5 RJ ' R B /CQ 7 J R B 3C 2 ' B 6C ) > * A . * ( ( ( R( ( 2 4 7 ( ( ( ( R A R . A * ( ( * * 2 ( B 33/C 4 ( A * * : R ( 4( A . * . ( R( ( ( A ( 2 : A * ( R ( R( R ( ( * 4( ( ( ( ( * 4( ( A ( ( ( ( W . ( R( ( ( 4( * ( ( ) k l J R E ( B # C ( A ( ( ( * B C B 33/C ) > @ . * ( R B C R( * * ( R @ ( * J * ( ( R ( R * ( * R * ( ( ( R( ( ( * * * ( * ( W R( ( ( ( ( * A ( B R A A ( [CA ( A ( E * ( 4( ( ( A R 2 ( B 33/CQ 7 ( B 3 3C R ( ( ( @ . * R( ( * ( ( 2 ( B 33/C ) > ) B C * ( ( B C * " ( ( A * ) * * ( . * ( ( * ( ( 4( * R ( ( ( ( * ( * 4( J * * ( R 4( ( ( *A ( * 4( * J * * ( ( ( R D ( B 336CQ + ( * A ) B 33&CQ ? 4 ( J B 33/CQ -( X B 3 C

(121)

) ( * ( R ( ( ( 2 B 336CQ 5 RJ ' R B /CQ 7 J R 3 2 ' B 6C )& > ) R( * ( * B C: ) 4 ( J 33& )6 > D ( * B C: * ( ( D : * . ( ( * * * * ( = ( *A ( B ( CA * . * ( ( A * * * ( 4( k Rl * ( J ( 4 6 > ( * ) M : ? - ' M ! 4* @. *M D 4* 7 ( 3 3 = 47 4 . * 3: 33 : * ? > 33 Q 333 ! * 3 = @ 4 4 . * 3: 3 * ! ( - ( 33& 7 * 9 7 7 4 4 . * 3 : J ! ! ( 336 # ! ! 7 4 4 . * k l > _ P &33 Q k l > : 3J ! ! 33/ -4 ? R . * > 3 Q_ &33 Q >c &33> c&33

* ! 33 -4 ? 4 ? 33 333 33 * -( 7 " 336 S " 7 4 ) . * 3: 3: 33:&33: 333 ! -( 33 S " 7 4 A A : . * 3: 33: 333 D 2 - ( 33 - " ! " 4 4 . * 333 S X 336 4 ) S a)7A -2 = J . JA ( . * 3: 3333 * ! 33 : /33

(122)

5 ( 33 J " 4 4 2 3.&3 X 336 ) R a)7A -2 2 JA ( B .C k l > c &I ( R ( J Q k l > _ I ( R ( J * X 33 - " 4 4 . * 3 ^ & * ! X 33 - " 4 4 . * 3 ^ & ! X 336 - " 4 4 . * 3 ^ & * X 3 7 a)7A -2 2 B J ( C . * 3:&3M63 B ( C 3: 33M 3 B ( C ! ? > 333 X 33 W " a)7A -2 = J A ( ( k l > c P 3I ( R ( J Q k l > _ I ( !

X 33 W " a)7A -2 = J A ( ( A ? > 633A 33A33 33A 33 !

' 3 A A A R( A 7 A + R ) ( W 4 * R 333 * 2 * 33& = -4 ? 4 . * k l 33: 33> &: & Q k l > ! ? J 33 - " -4 ? 4 . * 33 > &3: 33: 33: 3333 > &3: 33: 633 ! ? J 33 - " - ? 4 4 . * k l > R ( 33 Q k l> /33: 33 Q k l > 33: 633 ) (` 3 ' 4 )R )( A ( R A ( A . * : R ( Q 33^ 33 ( . A ( ( * : " R * ( ( ( R B C ( ( ( * R * ( * ? > &33

(123)

4 J 3 3 ! JR( 4H

+ ( R . R ( (*

H

? > &33: 333: &33: 333: &33: 333: &33: 333 ! % ! 33 - " 2 . A % " 4 4 R * B ( * C ( ( * B ( * C ! W 3 = ( # a)7A + ( W 4 4 R ( ( " ? > &3:&33:/&3: 333: 333 * W 33/ ' a)7A + R H4 * a A R ? > 33: 33:33: 3333: 633: 333: * W 33 4 A B" CA J B" C R a)7A + R H * * 4 4 . * D R > _ 333 ! &33: 333: &33: 333: &33: 333

! a ( - A aXA4 J 4 . * 3: 3 * ! ( 33& ! + (4 4 3 J : : : 3J - 33 - a)7A ( - * 4 4 . J D 33 = 74 A % 4 ? &3 333 &3 * X 33 7 a)7A ) *A ( -2 % * ( A J R ( . * 3:& Q&3:63 Q 33: 3 ? > 333 33 7 a)7A ( D J 4 4 6. 6J * 33 -a)7A ( D J 4 4 . J S 33 ' A * a)7A R A 2 ( A W 4

(124)

& S 33 ! + ( A W 4 4 . * @ 3 * 5 " ( ( 33 ' S 4 *A S D . . * @ A ( * 336 ' A % * 2*A + (W 2 . * $ * X 336 - " 4 4 . * 3: & * ' 3 - a)7A - A 2 2 3 &J &J * 2 ' 6 ' A " a)7A4 ( - * 4 . J 2 2 " a)7A -2 ( 4 4 3J 2 33 ' A " a)7A4 ( - * 4 . J 2 * ( 3 S -4 H + ( R . R ( (* H ? &3: 33 &33 33 * 2 33 + 4( 5 * 4 . * A A * = 33/ -)R A a ! B C ! ? > &33 * = " " J 3 3 2 " 4 4 . * 3: 3: 3:63: 3 * = 3 - A *A a)7A ) ( S 4 4 . * : 3 3 3 -7 A + R ) ( W 4 A ( A R B C 3:/&3: &33: 333 ? 3 ' @ 4 A S * 4 . * * ) ( 33& ' @ 4A ) ( W 4 . * A A * ) (` 3 ' 4 )R : R . * 3 Q 33: 33 * " R * ( Q 33: 33 *

(125)

6 ? > &33 ) 3 2 " ! " A )4 ' 4 . * 3: 3: 3: 3: 63: 33 * ) " 3 -( * )R " A + ( R ! A 4 D R . * 3 Q 33: 33 * " R * ( Q 33: 33 ? > &33 4( 5 3 3 % * ) ( 7 2 2 A ( . * @ R ( &3 * 4( 5 3 % * ) ( 7 2 2 . * ? B& 6 R R C * V 33 = 74 A % 4 ? &3 333 &3 D ! 33 ' J + ( 4 4 ? > 333 Q &333 ! )* X 33 7 a)7A ) *A ( -2 * ( A J R ( . * 3:& Q&3:63 Q 33: 3 ! ? > 333 @ R 33 ) R 4 )R 4 . * 3: 33 ! ? > &33 5 @ ( 333 7 -4 A = R W * R * R ( E ( ( ( ( ? > 333 * = 3 - A *A a)7A ) ( S 4 4 . * : 3 ! 3 3 -7 A + R ) ( W 4 A ( A R B : C 3:/&3: &33: 333 !

(126)

/ ? 3 3 - a)7A )4 ( - 4 . * - E ( R ( ! ) 3 2 " ! " A )4 ' 4 . * 3: 3: 3: 3: 63: 33 ! ) 33 ' 4a)7A =( . (* ( (: ) ( * ) " 3 -( * )R " A + ( R ! A 4 D R . * 3 Q 33: 33 * " R * ( Q 33: 33 ! ? > &33 % :2 33/ = @ 4 ( A ( R ( . * ( A ( R ( ! 4 / > ? ( J ( ) 4( ( " * ( 3 B D2 - " " N N > N N 2 N N >BD O . * 7 : & 6 & 3 333 A : / 6 3 333 A . * : / 3 33 A O . * 7 : 6 3 333 A : 3 / 3 333 A . * : 3 33 A O . * 7 : + 3 3 / 3 / @ : 3 &33 @ . * : . 3 3 + 4 311 : O . * ! 4 6 3 3 33 A 4 / 3 33 A . * 4 3 &33 @

(127)

O . * 4 6 3 3 333 A 4 3 & & 3 3 3 A . * 4 6 & 3 33 A O . * ! 4 3 333 A 4 / 3 33 A . * 4 6 3 36 @ O . * 2 6 3 3 33 A 2 1 + + 4 4 4.* : . * 2 1 + + 4 4 4.* : . * 4 - ( * 4 4 (-4 : O . * ! 4 + 6 3 &33 @ 2 3 4 3 4 7 7 . * 4 * 4 4 * 4 3(- : O . * * R / 6 3 333 A R 3 333 A . * R & & 3 33 A O . * 7 3 @ 7 . 3 - 4 4 -44 : . * 7 . ( * 3 4 -44 : O . * * & & 3 33 A 3 3 A . * 6 / 3 36 @ O . * & 6 3 36 @ / 3 @ . * * ( 3 4 4 (-4 : O . * 3 3 333 A & 3 3 3 A . * 1 / 3 4 4 441 O . * 6 & & 3 333 A

(128)

3 33 A . * 3 3 / 3 3 6 A O . * 3 3 3 A / 3 3 3 @ . * - * ( 4 4 3(- : O . * 3 333 A 3 3 3 33 A . * 3 3 A O . * + / 3 @ 2 3 . ( 4 -44 : . * + 3 3 ( 4 -44 : O . * / 3 * * 4 *3* : - 3 * 3 4 /-4 : . * ( 4 4 ( 4 (-4 :

(129)

3

4 > ? ( W . J ( X J :W ( ) 6 4( ( " * ( 3

$ " N R >BD

) ! B4 C _ . * /M P / Q . * P 6 / 3 +)

! B4 C _ . * M P 3 6 Q . * P & & 3 & +)

! B4 C _ . * 3*;* < 3- + ' 7 < ** * 4 1*- %

! B4 C P . * 3M 6 P &3 Q . * P &/ / 3 &6 4

! B2 C P . * 1;1 < -4 ' 7 < -4 3 444 0 ) * BW C _ . * M P Q . * P 6 3 / +) * B C _ . * M P Q . * P 3 && +) * B7 C P . * .;. ! 7 7 * B C _ . * 3(;* < ** * ' 7 < .. . 4 *(2 % ) * _ M P Q P 3 & & +) * _ 3+;* < +( 2 ' < .. / 4 .(2 % )& 6M M 3M 3M / P 3 Q P 3 / Q P Q ( P 3 Q & ( P / 3 +) M /M 3M M P 6 Q P Q P 3 Q ( P 6 Q & ( P 6 3 +) )6 c M P / & Q P & 3 3 4

c M P Q P & & 3 &3 +)

c 2;- ! 7 7

c 1;*4 < +3 ( ' < ** * 4 +-( %

c -;32 < .4 ' < +/ + 4 .43 %

c +;( ! 7 7

(130)
(131)
(132)
(133)
(134)

& = ' - + : :% ' B &C U " 3 3 2 A 3 " 3 E ! ( 8 E ? D . " 3 5 : S B C 1 -( B C E ! 1 1 G (8 B 6 C ( * A . 1 1 A B 8 C B A A CA " G . @ 6 > ' 1 G (8 ' B &C -( 5 :S B C ? > 8 8 M ( 8 ! > 8 8 M " ! > 8 8 M

(135)

6 ' 8 : F G + 1 - A a2? Dg+7@=? +?7 4 1 B C 4 > -A& > - " -( -( B CA ' B &C g B CA SD7 . B &CA -7 ?= S7 ' 2 8 B &C % -( -( B C ' B &C 7 B 3CA 7 =+@ ; 7 * B CA -) 2 7 . * B C 4 ( 8 454 ) ? A 2 + : :% B &C ' " 9 ; 8 9 E (8 ' ( 8 ; 8 ' 8 3 4 3> - 8 A& ) < ? $ ? " E 1 : 7 8 : @ 8 : 7 &3 : - " 33 : - 8 E (8 : -- 1 : : 7 8 : 3 : : @ 8 : 7 &3 : -33 : - 8 E (8 : -A * ; A6A 1 : ( G : @ 8 : 7 &3 .

(136)

/ = % -( . " , - . ' " A ' A ( ( @ A6 N( 3 B@7=)474 3 C G ( ! 1 8 A 1 " /3I BD R * /3 B2 1 ? CC ' G 1 B) ( 33&A ) :D R 33 A 2 W 33&A H J 3 A 5 R " 3 A ) * 3 C ( B! 3 C ' 1 A A 1 ' " 1 1 ( A 1 B' C A ( 1 B) ( 336C 7 1 A A E G . 1 B' A ) ( 336C D A ( 8 A ( B2 1 ? C D A 8 BX H 33 A X R J 33/C - 8 " ( 1 G F G BD ? A ? 3 C F G * 8 B4 ! J

(137)

33 A 5 " ( ( 3 C D A 8 A 1 B- 333A ' @ 3 C ' # = ' . 8 ( @ 333 ( 3 A 8 B@7=)474 3 C 7 " A : A :G: 1 8 1 * B4 C ' . . BX 33 C ' 7 < ' 1 1 ( E B! ' C ' . B! = &A X 6CA 1 8 ( ( G . ' A G A ; B4 C G F G B-( / A /&A % ! ( 333 A 333 C F G * 8 BX / A ) ( 3 C D A 8 B2 3 C 8 BW 33&A )( 33 CA 1 @ 6 > "

(138)

, 0 1 1 @ A " 8 ' / ' 8 ( A ' " 1 1 B A C B ( [C - " A U & E - 8 ' " B A C D A . A . (8 A > 4 > ? 1 1 1 . " B $ 1 E D " B $ 1 D * B:C 7 BOC B:C BOC Q A = ! -( . M( : ' * <1 ( . U " - # . F ( 1 A A 8 Bg R 2 33/C + # 8 # 1 8 " A * B 6 CA 9 1 # " . ( B ( C

(139)

3 @ 6 > . (8 B C " M 8 A B C " M E (8 ' ( A A * A 8 * 1 B2 * 2 3 C ' 8 E 9 8 ( -1 A 8 1 A . 8 F ( ( 1 A 1 * 1 A A ( ' 1 8 F ( ( G ( E ( 8 # EG 1 ( - A 1 A # 1 . E ( BX E ) E /A ' -] 33 C 1 8 1 D (8 ( 8 A 8 8 * = , ( , 2 ( ' ( ( A ( A N BW ( 33 C a 8 G 1 ' B@-' 2 D - ) 7 ? ' A 3C ( Bn & C ' . G N E A A .

(140)

B' 4( A C B 3 3 U E C - N a%A E A ( A . G N . N G 1 G . . B ) ?7g -='=?A ) ?'C A . 1 (; B 6 C ( . G A . 1 ( A & ; A . 4 E ( 1 ' B//ICA : * 8 * B 3ICA 1 * B IA 4 oA H ( D * C A 1 N ( 7 ( 1 8 . ; ' 8 ( 1 B: m-C @ 6 > ( 8

(141)

, " 3 3 3 3A G ; A " A A " B C A 33 8 33 8 G ; 7 B 33 C ; E 8 8 ( ) A ( * > G 8 B3 8 CA 1 ( B&3 8 C 1 B 33 8 C B 6&C D . . E G ( 1 . & E " @ 6& > 3 3 " ' E . , " 3 3 A ( 3 3 G 8 " 8 8 G 8 G . = . . . " A G ; 3 3 A " A 1 3 ' 3 5 :S A A 33 8

@ ;

- "

50 m 200 m 0 m

(142)

8 8 A 3 G 3 B 66C 7 > G 8 B3 8 CA 1 8 ( B 3 8 C 1 B 3 G 3 8 C a E G ( 1 . & E " @ 66> 3 " ' E . 8 8 G 8 G " A .A A E A . A 8 8 8 8 B 8 E (8 C 0 > A . 8 B 6/C @ 6/ >

-@ ;

- "

10 m 30 m à 230 m 0 m

(143)

D . " G 8 8 8 E (8 A 1 . ; ; ' ( 3 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 E (8 A " 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 E (8 A A 3 " E .A A E A A G . 8 8 8 B 6 C @ 6 > 3 " ' . , ( 454 3 ' ( 454 3 ' B &C ' N E 3 B C 1 G " A " 3 A ( A " A " . 8 E D . .A E ( A ( - " ' 8 8 B 8 E (8 ' 8 8 a 1

(144)

& G > 8 8 B3 8 CA G 3 8 ( ( 6 @ 6 > 3 ( 454 ' . = 4 A ' . G G + : :% ' F ( 1 B ( A A -DD ) ! *C 7 8 ( G A 7 < ( 1 8 G ' 1 ) A 8 . B ( " ( " F C a 8 . N 8 A ( G - 8 BD ; 4 " 2 A C F * 1 . ' E 1 B4 " ? A CA 1 A E 1 NG N 8 F G B7 > ) ( : ) ( ( A 6CA ' 7 < 1 E 1 G 8 - ( : 8 8 4 ( 454 @ ; @ ;

($

($

(145)

6 B /3C N E N 1 A G 8 > ! " p E ' 1 E 1 G 8 > % " " " 7 8 8 # ! # # ! 0 a . . & @ /3 > 8 ( 1 ( : 8 B . 8 C ( > 2 ( " D A ? A 4 " 2 A % J + H A 3 5* 8 N A % A 7 7 > A A - G ? N ? 1 * 4 B F ( C M i i 1 F (

(146)

/ = # ? 1 , 6 3 " a 1 8 A 8 A / B'P A P CA B / C 4 8 A ( 8 8 > P : 3 A

P : 33 A P 3 :&33 A P &3 : 333 A &P O 333 B- 33 C a

B 0 CA ; B 0 CA # . B C B # C -( 1 1 . B C E ; @ / > ? 1 8 " ' . a . 8 1 A " A G 3 8 8 8 & q B * A C &3 8 B / C -G ( 1 8 \ > > _ G I A > _ G I A > _ G I

A > : 3I A & > : &IA 6 > 6: IA / > :&3IA > & :

/&IA > /6: 3IA 3 > : 33I 'G A (

' 8

0m 10m 12m 14m 24m

(147)

@ / > 1 " ' & = 9 7 * 1 ( * 1 ( 1 ( B / C @ / > ) ( * 1 (8 @ ; -0 2 ( % ) > : : ) 7--* 8 G 8 * * 8 8 7+=) 2 2 8 8 % % ( 1 * 8 G 8 * * 8 2 8

(148)

=

"*

! 1

7

;

;

E 1

$ B 1 & D ! * ) ( B CA ? 1 @ B CB CA + ! Y B CA ? ) 2 B CA ) SB CA ! -( ( B C B C + ? ( ) 4 ( 7 A ? a ! * & 3 + : :% A @ B C +?7A a &&A a A @: //33 ) 8 A @ B C - ! 1 -( " A -+?)A a ? A / 63 ! + A @ B C - 7 : ? ( B-7 ?CA a * ? A aX

3

3

3

3

D * * 8 - ( S -' @ " E * > D 5 : ' 8 8

(149)
(150)

$ ' G " B C EG 1 ; N ( : 1 8 N D ( ( G 1 8 8 " + . @ ' G 8 E " A G 8 8 - 8 8 ( a & A . . + 1 ( . G 8 8 4 A N 8 ' D 4 B : C ( 1 8 + 8 1 ( 1 + B C F 8 8 + A A 8 B / C % > - . 1 8 8 N + 1 8 8

(151)

$$ & W ( ( R ( ( B C ( J ) ( * ( R ( E ( ( : ( ( * * ( ( * R ( R @ ! R ( R ( * R ( R ( 7 A& A . . R W ( ( . ( R * * ( 5 R A 4( 4D B :4 C ( A .* A ( R ( ( W J B C A R( ( R A A ( B / C % 4( * ( . * ( R * * * * * *: J ( J ( ( . R ( P &Q > A A * A A A ( A R * * J * * B7 ( A 33 C A * A ( *

(152)

( E * ( R N B= 3 C W ( ( A * R ( ( R * BX C B A =)?C ( R ( @ R ( & 2( 3 3 B@7=)474 7 3 (A 3 C ? A ( ( ( =)? /3I ( ( : BD R * /3 2 1 ? C J R BH J 3 Q 2 W 33&C ! * B) ( 33&Q ) :D R 33 C ( B) ( 336CA ( ( J B! A 3 C 4( R * ( ( * B 'C R( ( R R B7 + 3 C 5 R A ( ( 1 * ( B= 3 C ( R ( * R B! " 3 Q X 33/Q W 33 C ? * S B 3 C R ( R : R * R R 4( * ( ( * . " A ( * * ( A R R ( a *A * ( * * B 33 CA R R B 3 3C 4( ( R W B! ( + ( C * 3 B! E 336C 4( ( * ( ( A ( A ( : ( B! 3 Q ) :D R 33 Q ) :D R W ( 33 C ) ( ( R ( : ( B- ( 3 3Q S X 336 Q X 33 A ) :D R 33 C 2 W B 336C ^ ( =)? * R ( 4( * ( * . " R ( 3I ( R ( /&3 = (

(153)

( ( ( ( * B! ( A ' R - ( 336Q -( 7 " 336Q D 2 - ( 33 C * B7 ( 3 3Q 5 RJ 6&Q 4 J 33/Q W A 3 C 4( ( : ( A * ( * k ( l BW ( 6C ( * A A ( ( * ( *A R ( =)? * @ ( A R( R ( : R ( =)? B' @ 3 C @ . A ( * ( ( : *: R ( 2 A A ( * ( R R ( A " % 7 ( * R D 3 3 3 A R @ A R . R . ( ( =)? ( ' J ( . A ( ( 1 A A * (* ) *A R (* ( " ( > B C A ( R ( ( ( ( BR( * A A ( A C ( ( Q B C ( * ( ( R( ( R R ( ( 4D B :4 D CQ B C ( * ( *: : ( R( ( * =)?

(154)

& $ * ) * 4( R J R 3 3 = A @ B / & / A / 3/&C 3 ( A 4 A @ B 3 3 A 3 / 3C 4( R * /33J ( ( 3 3A R ( R R ( 3 ( B /&C 4( R R ( ( * E R ( B * ? A " C W k l B ( . C / kR l B ( R . C ( -( * ( * 4( R 3 3 3 ( 33 ( 3 3A R ( R * A &3 33 = 33 * R ( * 33 3 A R ( R * A 3 ( ( 3 3 B /6C ! W * R R( ( =)? R Q ( ( BD 33& W ( 33 C 4( R R B . * 3 ( ( C R ( a%: B) ? 'A ) *: aXA ! A ! C * ( 4( * R R ( ( BW ( 33 C R ( . * ' R A 3 6' * * R 1 R A ( R . & * ( 3 3A R R ( > 3 B CA &3 33 ( 3 A R ( > 3 B CA 3 ( * R 3 3 ( - R " A ( A ( R( )

(155)

6 * ( B % C : B# C 4( R D * 5* ( > A ( R ( ( ( ( W . B?Q J C (* ( ( B * R C ( R A R * B P C B P C . ( * B P C ? * ( ( ( B4 C * ( A R 4 . ( R ( ( * R ( A R - 7 * - B-7 C B? J > A > C 4( ( R 1 * ( 1 B* A ( A C ( 1 B C W ( H * . ( A B . * ( ( C ( ( ( B7 W 33 C 5* ( > ( * ( ( 4 . ( R * R ( R . ( R ( 4D B :4 D > ( R ( ( R R C R ( 7 A R ( 4D . ( R

(156)

/ A R * B P C B P C . ( * B P C W R = * R ( R R ( * B R ( . C 2 R ( * 4D ( * J ( * Q ( 1 R ( R( ( = ( *A J ( ( * * ( R ( 2 A .( : ( * * 4( * ( =)? 4( B CA % R ( * ( 4D ( * J ( Q ( * J ( ( BW 3 3C 5* ( > ( * ( *: : 4 ( * R " . W * ( B C ( ( ( *: B C R * : ( ( B) J 33 Q W ( 33 CQ B C R ( * . R( ( * Q B C ( ( * ( R ( BD ? Q ' @ 3 C W ( * @ A ( R R * B P C B P C . ( * B P C ? * @ ( * R ( ( ( kR ( l B R C ( R S B4 C @ *A ( (* ( R . ( ( A (

(157)

7 A& . 6 R 4( R B I Q C B &I Q 6 C 4( A % B C B A 3 A 3 C *A I ( 4( B C * * & /I @ ( A R 1 ( ( * ( ( ( * 4( B $ @ $ @ $ @ C R ( / 3 6I @ . I R ( A3 & A * 3 I B C R ( J * / &I I B //C R ( 5* ( > A ( R ( ( ( ( D ( ( B4 C 4( R ( ( A ( A 4D B4 C W ( R ( R A R R ( R - *A R R ( B * C 5 R A ( A ( ( * R * -7 B- 7 * - C ( R ( ( ( B ICA (

(158)

. * ( D B IC D D R ( * R ( Q ( ( ( * E B4 C 5* ( > ( * ( ( D ( 4D B / C ( R A ( ( R * R ( A ( ( * R B4 C 5* ( > @ ( A ( R * * R * * * Q ( R A ( ( * R B4 C A R ( ( ( ( B /I ( C -5* ( > A ( R ( ( ( ( *A R ( D * = ( * ( ( =)? : * A ? J B 33 C ( R ( &3I ( . 66 R * ( ) ( ( R ( ( B -( 7 " 336Q D 2 - ( 33 Q 5 RJ 6&C 4 ( R ( A ( ( ( ( ( J * A . ( R ( *: :

(159)

&3 A ( * * ( ( ( * @ *A ( ( ( ( R A =)?A * * ( B2 W 33&CA ( R ( ( ( R ( * * ( W ( R 4( R ( ( 1 * Q ( * ( ( ( * R . 4( * * ( ( ( R . 2 A R ( A R * ( ( R( . ( 5* ( > ( * ( ( ' B 3 CA R ( R ( ( ( 5 R A ( ' 6 * ( ( R ( ( ( R ( 7 ( A 5 * - ( B 3 3C ( ( * =)? ( ( R ( Q R ( ( 1 : * *A R ( > B C ( . ( ( R * A B C . ( 3 ( ( =)? ( ( W (* ( " ( R ( A * ( 4D BS 33/C *A R ( 4D R ( = A R ( R ( . * ( @ . A ( ( ( * 1 * ( * R * 4( . A A * ( * . ( R (

(160)

& ( ( * B5 33/Q W ( A 33 C 7 *A ( R ( ( =)? * > ( ( ( R ( R * ( B7 ( 3 3C A ( ( * ( 33 BV ( 3 3 A 3 3 CA ( * ( * 4( * ( R ( BS X 336 C 5* ( > W ( BW 3 CA * * 4( A R ( ( J * * Q ( R * *A ( ( . *A ( ( B JR S 3C A J R ( ( ( B7* A . 4 33 Q 4 / C * ( B! 6&Q 4 / C 4( ( * ( * ( B- Q 4 ! //C *A ( ( R * ( ( A A ( 4( R ( - B 333C R( ( ( 1 R * ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 A R ( B ! C R( ( R 4( A * E k ( lQ ( * =)?

(161)

& 4( E ( * R R( ( ( =)? = * ( W ( ( J * M A ( @ ( A ( ( * R 4( A J ( R * ( * ( M B? S 3 CA W ( R ( * * : ( ( ( W ( ( * . * . ( 4( R ( * ( * ( " R ( 4( A * R * ( R ( B' 3 C ! B 33 C ( R . " * Q ( ( ( :* R ( R ( * A * : ( ( ( R J 5 R A * ( ( A ( J * ( ( * ( ( ( . B! 3 3C 7 ( ( ( * k ( l BW ( 6C 5 R A * R ( .> B C A B C B C ( " ( B) :D R 33 C a *A * * ( * R ( ( A R B5 ( 3 3C g A ( R ( * * ( B! ( 33&Q ) " 3 CA 1 * A R B4 J 3 C R J B! A 5 V( 33 C 4(

(162)

& * * ( ( R ( ( W ( ( : ( k R J l B( >MMRRR : M ( 2 DD2A 3 3C A * * W ( ( R ( ( : ( A ( R ( R A * ( ( ( ( * B5 ) J 33 Q '* 33 C / Q $ W * ( J D ; A D S A ) *A 7 *A ? A 2 ( Z 4 "T R ) ( ( A H @ *A + ' -2 R( J 7 = A 2 D ( A H 9 W A ( - A ! D 2 % ( ( ) ( @ W ( J ( ? ( A 2 J Z 4 "TA 2 J Z 5 *A ) S A D ; 7 ( E W ( R R( ( % J 2 ( J ( ( 7 R ! A 7 R ! J * R * ( ( 4( * ) S ) 2 ? R * ( )4 : E B) 4 A 3 3 ^ )4 ^ - ^ @ C 4( ( R * ( @ ( 2 * -( ( * ( ( ( !S@ B ! 3:2!SD:!S@: :-%):3 A m-5=?a) 33 &3 C ( R J R * R ( k-? - l

(163)

&

@ / > ' A + Q ( A

(164)

&&

@ /6> D *

(

(165)

&6

@ //> 7 W ( R

g: . * 2 k R l R (

(166)

&/

@ / > @ S722 ( 4D A * A

(167)

& 4 > BOM: ) C S " 7 2 . 2 A ( A 4DA * B C R *> +)P Aj _3 3& jj _3 3 jjj _3 33 ! . 7 D = B P C D@ j B P C @ * 2 4 7 jjj :3 336 3 33 +) +) ? ( jjj 3 36 3 33 jjj :3 3 6 3 33&& +) +) S @ 4D BR ( C jjj :3 33& 3 333 j 3 33 3 333& +) +) S

(168)

& jjj :3 33 3 33 +) jj 3 33 3 33 6 jjj :3 3 &6 3 33&& +) +) S jjj :3 3 6 :3 33 / +) jj 3 3 3 3 33 3 S

Références

Documents relatifs

Comme les ressources florales ou les sites de nidification ont des disponibilités temporelles différentes dans les habitats naturels ou semi-naturels, nous faisons

La Beauce Normandie Autour du lac du Salagou Un verger Cultures sous serres. Petit$ ²champ$ ²fermé$ ²et

tallation de nichoirs à pollinisateurs sauvages – Fortel et al., 2016 ; abandon des pesticides et gestion raisonnée des ressources florales – Garbuzov, 2015) pourraient ainsi

 Longueur totale d’interfaces entre les habitats semi­naturels et les cultures en fonction de la 

She has published several papers in this field, mainly based on previously conducted randomised trials performed by The Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group, DAHANCA, and in

Cependant, les abeilles sauvages utilisaient les ressources cultivées ou spontanées différemment des abeilles domestiques, ce qui impliquerait des mesures

Contribution des habitats semi-naturels arborés à la diversité d’abeilles sauvages dans les paysages agricoles.. Justine Rivers-Moore, Annie Ouin, Emilie Andrieu,

This article therefore provides an overview of the climate change – migration nexus: on the basis of available empirical findings, it investigates the key issues at stake, including