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The News of the Death of Welfare Economics is Greatly Exaggerated

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ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE

CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE

The News of the Death of Welfare Economics is Greatly Exaggerated

Marc Fleurbaey Philippe Mongin

July 2004

Cahier n°

2004-019

LABORATOIRE D'ECONOMETRIE

1rue Descartes F-75005 Paris (33) 1 55558215 http://ceco.polytechnique.fr/

mailto:labecox@poly.polytechnique.fr

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The News of the Death of Welfare Economics is Greatly Exaggerated

1

Marc Fleurbaey

2

Philippe Mongin

3

July 2004 Cahier n° 2004-019

Résumé: Après qu'Arrow eut démontré son théorème d'impossibilité, les "fonctions de bien-être social de Bergson-Samuelson" (FBS) firent l'objet d'une controverse qui opposa les théoriciens du choix social aux économistes du bien-être. Une version nouvelle du théorème parue dans les années 1970 visait à établir que les FBS "ou bien font des comparaisons d'utilité interpersonnelle, ou bien sont dictatoriales". Refusant cette conclusion, Samuelson réaffirma l'existence de FBS "ordinalistes" et, cependant, non-dictatoriales; plus généralement, il nia la pertinence des résultats arroviens pour l'économie du bien-être. L'article formalise et réévalue les arguments avancés de chaque côté. Bien qu'il critique également ceux de Samuelson, il approuve sa conclusion, voulant que l'économie du bien-être soit sortie indemne de la controverse. L'article propose de rapprocher les FBS de certaines constructions de l'économie normative contemporaine.

Abstract: The paper reexamines the controversy about Bergson-Samuelson social welfare functions (BSF) that took place between welfare economists and social choice theorists as a consequence of Arrow's impossibility theorem. The 1970's witnessed a new version of the theorem that was meant to establish that BSF "make interpersonal comparisons of utility or are dictatorial''. Against this, Samuelson reasserted the existence of well-behaved "ordinalist'' BSF and generally denied the relevance of Arrovian impossibilities to welfare economics. The paper formalizes and reassesses each camp's arguments. While being also critical of Samuelson's, it eventually endorses his conclusion that welfare economics was left untouched by the controversy. It draws some connections of BSF with contemporary normative economics.

Mots clés : Economie du bien-être, théorie du choix social, fonction de bien-être social de Bergson- Samuelson, fonctionnelle de bien-être social, Arrow, Bergson, Samuelson

Key Words : Welfare Economics, Social Choice Theory, Bergson-Samuelson Social Welfare Function, Social Welfare Functional, Arrow, Bergson, Samuelson

Classification JEL: B21, D60, D63, D71

1 The authors thank J. Bone, P. Hammond, S. Kolm, A. Lapidus, F. Maniquet, J. Roemer, D. Schmeidler, N. Sigot, K. Suzumura, and K. Tadenuma, for helpful comments or discussions. They also benefited from presenting the paper at conferences held in Strasbourg, 2003, and Boulogne-sur-Mer, 2004.

2 CATT, IDEP, Université de Pau, BP 1633, F-64000 Pau. Courriel: marc.fleurbaey@univ-pau.fr

3 Laboratoire d'économétrie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris. Courriel: philippe.mongin@shs.polytechnique.fr

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