au service d’une croissance transformatrice et inclusive

(1)

au service d’une croissance transformatrice et inclusive

RAPPORT 2017 LE DÉVELOPPEMENT

ÉCONOMIQUE EN

A ^F RIQUE

C O N F É R E N C E D E S N A T I O N S U N I E S S U R L E C O M M E R C E E T L E D É V E L O P P E M E N T

(2)

“Pour des millions d’Africains, le tourisme est un secteur vital dont la contribution potentielle à une croissance transformatrice et inclusive doit être exploitée.”

Mukhisa Kituyi

Secrétaire général de la CNUCED

(3)

New York et Genève, 2017

C O NF ÉRE NC E D ES NAT I O NS U N I ES SU R LE CO M ME R CE E T L E DÉVE LOPPEME NT

Le développement économique en Afrique Rapport 2017

Le tourisme au service d’une croissance

transformatrice et inclusive

(4)

Le développement économique en Afrique Rapport 2017

ii

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Glossaire

TOURISME CONTINENTAL ET TOURISME INTRARÉGIONAL

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DÉPENSES DE TOURISME RÉCEPTEUR

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[L TOURISME INTERNATIONAL

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DÉPENSES DE TOURISME ÉMETTEUR

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CONTRIBUTION TOTALE AU PIB

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DÉPENSES TOURISTIQUES

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(15)

INTRODUCTION

Le tourisme au service d’une croissance

transformatrice et inclusive

Pendant que le continent renforce ses capacités productives, approfondit son intégration régionale et SRXUVXLW VD GLYHUVLƄFDWLRQ ÆFRQRPLTXH OH WRXULVPH FRQWLQXHGHFURËWUHHQ$IULTXH$ƄQGHPLHX[H[SORLWHU la contribution potentielle du secteur touristique à une FURLVVDQFHLQFOXVLYH½ODWUDQVIRUPDWLRQVWUXFWXUHOOHHW

½ODUÆDOLVDWLRQGHVREMHFWLIVGHGÆYHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH les pays africains devraient adopter des politiques TXL FRQVROLGHQW OHV OLHQV LQWHUVHFWRULHOV VWLPXOHQW OH WRXULVPHLQWUDUÆJLRQDOHWSURPHXYHQWODSDL[

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Contribution totale du tourisme au produit intérieur brut réel, 2011-2014

(en pourcentage)

Maurice Seychelles Cabo Verde

43.4

26.7 61.5

25 % et plus entre 10 et 24,9 % entre 5 et 9,9 % En dessous de 5 % Aucune donnée disponible

Maurice

26.7

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Le présent rapport se compose de six chapitres.

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Le FKDSLWUHÆWXGLHODUHODWLRQHQWUHOHWRXULVPHHWOHVFKDQJHPHQWVVWUXFWXUHOVDLQVLTXH OHVPR\HQVGHUHQIRUFHUOHVOLHQVH[LVWDQWHQWUHOHWRXULVPHHWOpDJULFXOWXUHOpLQIUDVWUXFWXUH HWGHVVHJPHQWVSDUWLFXOLHUVGXPDUFKÆWRXULVWLTXHWHOVTXHOpÆFRWRXULVPHOHWRXULVPH FXOWXUHO OH WRXULVPH PÆGLFDO HW OH WRXULVPH GX ELHQÇWUH VXUWRXW GpXQ SRLQW GH YXH HQWUHSUHQDULDO ,O PHW OpDFFHQW VXU OHV OLHQV LQWHUVHFWRULHOV HW H[DPLQH FRPPHQW OH WRXULVPHSHXWVHUYLU½SURPRXYRLUOHGÆYHORSSHPHQWÆFRQRPLTXHORFDOHQFUÆDQWGHV HPSORLVHWHQVWLPXODQWOHGÆYHORSSHPHQWGHVHQWUHSULVHV,OYLVH½PLHX[FRQQDËWUHOD SRUWÆHHWOpLQWHQVLWÆGHVOLHQVLQWHUVHFWRULHOVGXWRXULVPHHW½PLHX[GÆƄQLUODFKDËQHGH YDOHXUGXVHFWHXU

Le FKDSLWUHÆWXGLHOHUÑOHTXHOHWRXULVPHSHXWMRXHUGDQVODSURPRWLRQGpXQHFURLVVDQFH LQFOXVLYH HQ $IULTXH ,O H[DPLQH OH VHQV GH OD QRWLRQ GpLQFOXVLYLWÆ HW GpXQH FURLVVDQFH LQFOXVLYHHWODPDQLÅUHGRQWOHWRXULVPHSRXUUDLW\FRQWULEXHUHQRIIUDQWGHVSHUVSHFWLYHV DX[ JURXSHV YXOQÆUDEOHV GH OD VRFLÆWÆ HQ SDUWLFXOLHU OHV SDXYUHV OHV MHXQHV HW OHV femmes.

Le FKDSLWUH DQDO\VH OHV SHUVSHFWLYHV HW OHV FRQWUDLQWHV GX GÆYHORSSHPHQW GX FRPPHUFHLQWUDUÆJLRQDOHQ$IULTXHHQH[DPLQDQWODIDÄRQGRQWOHWRXULVPHLQWUDUÆJLRQDO pourrait être stimulé par une intégration régionale plus poussée dans les domaines de la FLUFXODWLRQGHVSHUVRQQHVGHODSROLWLTXHWRXULVWLTXHGHODFRQYHUWLELOLWÆGHVPRQQDLHV et du transport aérien.

Le FKDSLWUHÆWXGLHODUHODWLRQHQWUHOHWRXULVPHHWODSDL[QRWDPPHQWODPHVXUHGDQV ODTXHOOHOHWRXULVPHFRQWULEXH½ODSDL[HQ$IULTXHHWYLFHYHUVD

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(22)

(23)

CHAPITRE 1

Le secteur du

WRXULVPHHQ$IULTXH}

Faits stylisés

Le chapitre 1 présente des faits stylisés sur les recettes du WRXULVPHHWOHVHPSORLVFUÆÆVSDUFHVHFWHXUDLQVLTXHVXUVD FRQWULEXWLRQDX3,%DXFRPPHUFHHW½OpHPSORL/D&18&(' Vp\HIIRUFHÆJDOHPHQWGHGÆWHUPLQHUVLOHVUHFHWWHVGXWRXULVPH VRQW SOXV RX PRLQV VWDEOHV TXH OHV DXWUHV ƅX[ H[WHUQHV OD VWDELOLWÆ ÆWDQW XQ ÆOÆPHQW LPSRUWDQW SRXU OD SODQLƄFDWLRQ ÆFRQRPLTXH/HSUÆVHQWFKDSLWUHDQDO\VHHQVXLWHOHUÑOHMRXÆ SDUOHWRXULVPHGDQVOHVSODQVQDWLRQDX[GHGÆYHORSSHPHQW DLQVL TXH OHV DPELWLRQV TXH QRXUULVVHQW OHV JRXYHUQHPHQWV SRXU FH VHFWHXU 2Q WURXYHUD HQ SUHPLHU OLHX XQH GÆƄQLWLRQ GXWRXULVPHHWODFODVVLƄFDWLRQGHVGRQQÆHV\UHODWLYHVGDQV OpDQDO\VH ÆFRQRPLTXH FH TXL SHUPHWWUD GH FRPSUHQGUH OD PDQLÅUH GRQW OHV SULQFLSDX[ FRQFHSWV VRQW XWLOLVÆV GDQV OH présent rapport.

(24)

En moyenne,

1/14

emploi a été créé par l’industrie du tourisme en 2011-2014

= 21 millions

+6%

^{par an}

en 1995−2014

+9%

^{par an}

en 1995−2014

~$47 milliards

par an

en 2011−2014

7%

du total des recettes d’exportation, en moyenne, en 2011−2014

~56 millions

par an

en 2011−2014

Arrivées de touristes internationaux en Afrique

Recettes d’exportation du tourisme en Afrique

46%

des recettes d’exportation des services, en moyenne, en 2011−2014

tes

auxx

que

(25)

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(Q RXWUH LO HVW VRXYHQW GLIƄFLOH GpDSSOLTXHU OD GÆƄQLWLRQ GX WHUPH }touriste} dans la SUDWLTXHHQSDUWLFXOLHUHQ$IULTXH3DUH[HPSOHXQFRPPHUÄDQWTXLIUDQFKLWXQHIURQWLÅUH

(26)

GHPDQLÅUHLQIRUPHOOHHWXQWRXULVWHHQYR\DJHGpDIIDLUHVVHGÆSODFHQWWRXVGHX[SRXU YHQGUHRXDFKHWHUGHVELHQVGDQVXQOLHXRÖLOVQHSHUÄRLYHQWSDVGHUÆPXQÆUDWLRQ,O HVWGLIƄFLOHGpÆWDEOLUXQHGLVWLQFWLRQHWTXDOLƄHUXQHSHUVRQQHGHWRXULVWHDGpLPSRUWDQWHV UÆSHUFXVVLRQV/HFKDSLWUHH[DPLQHFHWWHTXHVWLRQGHPDQLÅUHSOXVGÆWDLOOÆH

Le présent rapport fonde son analyse sur trois formes de tourisme}

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• /HWRXULVPHÆPHWWHXUGÆVLJQHOHVDFWLYLWÆVWRXULVWLTXHVLQWHUQDWLRQDOHVGHVYLVLWHXUV UÆVLGHQWVHQGHKRUVGXWHUULWRLUHÆFRQRPLTXHGXSD\VGHUÆIÆUHQFHFpHVW½GLUHGHV UÆVLGHQWVTXLYR\DJHQWGDQVXQDXWUHSD\V

Le rapport porte en outre sur le tourisme continental et le tourisme intrarégional.

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&HV GHX[ IRUPHV GH WRXULVPH VRQW GHV VRXVFDWÆJRULHV GX WRXULVPH LQWHUQDWLRQDO HW sont examinées dans le présent rapport.

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(27)

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Figure 1

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10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

En milliers de personnes

En millions de dollars

Recettes d’exportation du tourisme (échelle de gauche)

Arrivées de touristes internationaux (échelle de droite) Recettes du tourisme international (échelle de gauche)

(28)

7DEOHDX}

$IULTXH}$UULYÆHVGHWRXULVWHVLQWHUQDWLRQDX[(En milliers de personnes)

MOYENNE TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUEL MOYEN

7RWDO$IULTXH

Algérie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Angola 32 205 564 592 22 83 16 9

Bénin 145 183 226 255 4 3 2 5

Botswana 598 1 684 1 708 .. .. 13 13 ..

Burkina Faso 138 268 221 163 4 9 4 -7

Burundi 22 189 190 131 16 -28 9 21

Cabo Verde 41 248 477 520 16 23 13 5

Cameroun 181 328 706 .. .. 37 .. ..

République centrafricaine 18 18 79 121 12 -33 35 14

Tchad 27 53 96 120 8 30 32 17

Comores 25 21 22 24 -2 6 -21 6

Congo 31 50 298 .. .. -20 21 21

Côte d’Ivoire 250 .. .. .. .. 17 .. ..

République démocratique

du Congo 39 53 181 .. .. 11 -7 ..

Djibouti 21 41 60 .. .. 0 19 ..

Égypte 3 317 9 949 9 874 9 139 8 4 15 -2

Guinée équatoriale .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Érythrée .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Éthiopie 116 325 643 864 12 5 18 14

Gabon 158 269 .. .. .. 16 .. ..

Gambie 75 131 148 135 5 25 11 13

Ghana 316 553 886 897 7 7 18 1

Guinée 17 36 79 35 .. .. -21 -37

Guinée-Bissau .. 13 36 44 .. .. 51 0

Kenya 896 1 423 1 516 1 114 4 -5 -5 -10

Lesotho 129 308 345 .. .. 19 .. ..

Libéria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Libye 57 49 .. .. .. -20 -24 ..

Madagascar 95 327 225 244 6 18 11 -3

Malawi 203 638 788 805 10 5 19 2

Mali 75 163 151 159 6 19 10 2

Mauritanie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Maurice 501 847 991 1 152 4 10 8 3

Maroc 2 866 6 922 9 762 10 177 8 7 11 4

Mozambique .. 802 1 891 1 552 .. .. 26 -5

Namibie 462 868 1 151 1 388 6 29 7 9

Niger 53 60 109 135 5 5 5 19

Nigéria 707 1 162 600 1 255 .. 1 9 ..

Rwanda .. 522 823 987 .. .. .. 10

Sao Tomé-et-Principe 6 14 12 .. .. -6 -3 ..

Sénégal 307 844 989 1 007 8 8 4 1

Seychelles 128 148 216 276 3 2 8 7

Sierra Leone 14 35 59 24 9 -12 -4 -2

Somalie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Afrique du Sud 5 028 8 612 9 153 8 904 4 8 9 5

(29)

7DEOHDX}VXLWH

MOYENNE TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUEL MOYEN

Soudan du Sud .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Soudan 33 363 597 741 22 4 22 8

Swaziland 292 834 919 873 9 -3 -3 3

Togo 68 84 286 273 9 13 -4 1

Tunisie 4 247 6 685 6 815 5 359 3 5 3 7

Ouganda 176 623 1 205 1 303 14 6 21 3

République-Unie de Tanzanie 349 664 1 016 1 104 6 16 9 9

Zambie 283 784 910 932 8 30 8 2

Zimbabwe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

&20081$87¦6¦&2120,48(65¦*,21$/(6

CEN–SAD 13 628 28 996 32 342 31 117 6 5 9 1

COMESA 7 754 17 003 19 098 18 585 6 5 13 0

CAE 1 443 3 290 4 750 4 639 8 1 10 1

CEEAC 512 813 1 718 964 8 18 9 -9

CEDEAO 2 201 3 778 4 115 4 901 5 7 8 -4

IGAD 1 242 2 774 4 005 4 022 8 -2 8 0

SADC 9 689 16 695 19 497 17 822 5 10 10 6

UMA 7 169 13 656 16 577 15 536 6 6 7 5

&/$66,),&$7,2165¦*,21$/(6

Afrique de l’Est 4 365 7 221 10 479 10 488 6 8 12 1

Afrique centrale 491 624 1 528 833 7 21 10 -12

Afrique du Nord 10 519 23 967 27 047 25 416 7 5 10 3

Afrique australe 6 508 12 229 12 762 11 165 5 9 9 8

Afrique de l’Ouest 2 201 3 778 4 115 4 901 5 7 8 -4

6RXUFH}Calculs de la CNUCED, d’après des données provenant de l’OMT.

Le tourisme n’a absolument pas la même importance dans les différents pays et sous- UÆJLRQVGHOp$IULTXH3HQGDQWODSÆULRGHFRQVLGÆUÆHOp$IULTXHGX1RUGDÆWÆODSULQFLSDOH GHVWLQDWLRQ WRXULVWLTXH GX FRQWLQHQW (OOH D HQUHJLVWUÆ GH ORLQ OH SOXV JUDQG QRPEUH GpDUULYÆHVVXLYLHSDUOp$IULTXHDXVWUDOHHWOp$IULTXHGHOp(VW(QODSDUWGHV DUULYÆHV GH WRXULVWHV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[ GH FKDFXQH GH FHV VRXVUÆJLRQV VpHVW ÆOHYÆH ½ HW UHVSHFWLYHPHQW FRQWUH VHXOHPHQW HQ $IULTXH GH Op2XHVW HW HQ $IULTXH FHQWUDOH &HWWH UÆSDUWLWLRQ PRQWUH TXH OHV SD\V Gp$IULTXH FHQWUDOH GÆSHQGHQWIRUWHPHQWGHVLQGXVWULHVH[WUDFWLYHVHWTXHOHVVHUYLFHVMRXHQWXQUÑOHELHQ PRLQV LPSRUWDQW GDQV FHWWH VRXVUÆJLRQ TXH GDQV WRXWHV OHV DXWUHV VRXVUÆJLRQV Gp$IULTXH&HODPRQWUHDXVVLTXHOHWRXULVPHHVWSOXVSUÆVHQWGDQVOHVVRXVUÆJLRQVRÖ OHVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVVRQWSOXVGÆYHORSSÆHV

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2QHVWLPHODYDOHXUWRWDOHGXWRXULVPHHQWDQWTXHVHFWHXUGpH[SRUWDWLRQHQDGGLWLRQQDQW les recettes du tourisme international et les dépenses de tourisme récepteur afférentes DX[VHUYLFHVGHWUDQVSRUWLQWHUQDWLRQDOGHYR\DJHXUV/DƄJXUHPRQWUHTXHOHVUHFHWWHV GpH[SRUWDWLRQGXWRXULVPHRQWVXLYLODPÇPHFRXUEHDVFHQGDQWHPDLVOHXUFURLVVDQFH DÆWÆHQFRUHSOXVIRUWHVRLWHQPR\HQQH}SDUDQ$XFRXUVGHVGHX[GHUQLÅUHV GÆFHQQLHV OHV UHFHWWHV GpH[SRUWDWLRQ GX WRXULVPH RQW SOXV TXH WULSOÆ SDVVDQW GH }PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUVHQWUHHW½PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUVHQWUHHW HWDWWHLJQDQW}PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUVHQWDEOHDX(OOHVRQWHQUHJLVWUÆXQH SURJUHVVLRQSDUWLFXOLÅUHPHQWLPSRUWDQWHDSUÅVHWMXVTXp½ODFULVHƄQDQFLÅUHSXLV RQWGLPLQXÆDYDQWGpDWWHLQGUHXQQLYHDXUHFRUGHQ&HUHFXOGRLWÇWUHH[DPLQÆDYHF SUXGHQFHFDUODFRXYHUWXUHGHVGRQQÆHVHVWSOXVOLPLWÆH.

La répartition régionale des recettes du tourisme international et des recettes GpH[SRUWDWLRQGXWRXULVPHHVWVHPEODEOH½FHOOHGHVDUULYÆHV(QOp$IULTXH GX 1RUG D HQJUDQJÆ HQ PR\HQQH } GH FHV UHFHWWHV VXLYLH SDU Op$IULTXH DXVWUDOH }HWOp$IULTXHGHOp(VW}6LOpRQFRPSDUHOHVUHFHWWHVGpH[SRUWDWLRQDYHFOHV DUULYÆHVRQYRLWTXHOp$IULTXHDXVWUDOHUHÄRLWSOXVGHUHFHWWHVGpH[SRUWDWLRQSDUDUULYÆH TXHOp$IULTXHGX1RUGFHTXLPRQWUHTXpXQHSDUWLPSRUWDQWHGHVSURGXLWVWRXULVWLTXHV SURSRVÆV HQ $IULTXH DXVWUDOH VH VLWXHQW GDYDQWDJH GDQV OH KDXW GH JDPPH TXH FHX[ SURSRVÆV HQ $IULTXH GX 1RUG 3RXU OH FRQWLQHQW OHV UHFHWWHV GpH[SRUWDWLRQ GX WRXULVPHSDUDUULYÆHGHWRXULVWHLQWHUQDWLRQDORQWDXJPHQWÆSDVVDQWGpXQHPR\HQQHGH }GROODUVHQ½}GROODUVHQSXLVVHVRQWVWDELOLVÆHV½FH QLYHDXHQYDOHXUQRPLQDOH}HQHOOHVVpÆWDEOLVVDLHQWWRXMRXUVHQPR\HQQH

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