Climatological Data Needed for Daylight Design

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Technical Note (National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research), 1961-01-01

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Climatological Data Needed for Daylight Design

Galbreath, M.

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DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH

No.

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

319

NOTlE

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E

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JH[

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II CAlL

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FOR INTERNAL USE

PREPARED BY M. Galbreath CHECKED BY APPROVED By _RFL

DATE 'January 1961

PREPARED FOR Committee E 3.2, International

Commission on Illumination

SUBJECT CLTIdATOLOGICAL DATA NEEDED

FOR DAYLIGHT DESIGN

(A survey of Canadian stations that record these data and description of measuring

techniques.)

This paper lists the stations in Canada that are at present engaged. in the measurement of daylight and sun-light and details of the instruments and techniques used.

The information has been prepared in reply to a questionnaire

received from Mr. A. Dresler, Chairman of the Committee E 3.2 on Daylight of the International Commission on Illumination

(C.I.E.). The questionnaire has been sent to corresponding

members of the committee in several countries. The following

information will be used by the committee in preparing an

official C.I.E. guide to the methods employed in the recording of such climatological data.

(3)

2

-Copies of the questionnaire (Appendix A) were sent to six organizations which were believed to be engaged in this

work. Replies have been received from the following:

1. The Meteorological Branch,

Department of Transport, 315 Bloor Street West,

Toronto

5,

Ontario.

(Representing about 1200 stations in Canada.)

2. The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario,

620 University Avenue, Toronto 2, Ontario.

3.

The Division of Building Research,

National Research ｃｯｵｮ｣ｩｬｾ Ottawa, Ontario.

4. The Agro Meteorology Branch,

Central Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario.

In order to assist the committee, the information has been assembled in the same form as that of the

question-naire. As requested, the quantities, in which the station

(4)

International Commission on Illumination (C.I.E.) Expert-Committee 3.2 : "Daylight"

QUESTIONNAIRE

on Measuring Techniques Used in the Recording of Climatological Data Needed for

Daylight Design Purposes

E. Questions

1. Country: Canada

2. Station or Service:

METEGROLOGICAL BRANCH, Department of Transport,

315 Bloor Street West,

Toronto

5,

Ontario.

3.

Quantities Measured.

3.1 Illumination

3.1.1 Total illumination (from sun and sky) x

on a horizontal plane in an unob-structed position.

3.1.2 Illumination from sky alone on a

horizontal plane in an unobstructed

position.

3.1.3 Illumination received from the sun on

a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

3.1.4 Illumination reflected from the ground

and received on a horizontal plane facing do\vnwards.

3.1.5 Total illumination received on any

vertical plane.

3.2 Luminance.

3.2.1 Luminance of the sky at the zenith.

3.2.2 Luminance of specific regions of the

(5)

'-.

4

-3.2.3 Average luminance of particularly

representative surfaces, such as -the ground

any vertical surfaoes any other surfaoes. (Add brief desoription)

3.3 Refleotanoe.

ground

any other surfaoes (Add brief desoription)

3.4 Irradiation

3.4.1 Total irradiation from sun and sky x

on a horizontal plane in an unob-struoted positlon.

3.4.2 Irradiation from sky alone on a x

horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.3 Irradiation reoeived from the sun on x

a plane perpendioular to the sun's rays.

At about 20 stations.

3.4.4 Albedo.

3.4.5 Total irradiation reoeived on any

vertioal plane.

3.5 Duration of Sunshine.

At about 115 stations.

4. Meteorologioal Conditions During whioh Readings

are Normally Taken.

x

4.1 Clear sky.

4.2 Partly overoast ｳｾｊＮ (Note: Do you reoord x

types of oloud and degree of haziness?) (Types of cloud and haziness are reoorded at some stations.)

(6)

5 •. Brief Description of Instruments, etc. and of the. Methods Employed in the Measurement of:

3.1 Illumination

Leeds and Northrup, Weather-Bureau pattern, Illuminometer.

3.2 Luminance

3.3 Reflectance

3.4 Irradiation

Leeds and Northrup, Weather-Bureau pattern, Illuminometer.

3.4.1 Eppley 1800

- pyrheliometer, Kipp

Solarimeter, or Robitzsch Bimetal EJTsnograph.

3.4.2 Eppley 1800

- pyrheliometer.

3.4.3 Silver Disk Actinometer, Angstrom

Pyrheliometer, Linke-Feussner Actinometer, ｍｩ｣ｾ･ｬｳｯｮＭｂｵｲｲＮｮ･ｲ

Actinometer or Eppley Normal-Incidence Pyrheliometer.

3.4.4. Eppley 1800

pyrheliometer, Kipp Solarimeter.

3.5

Duration of Sunshine.

Campbell-Stokes Sunshine Recorder.

6. Units in which Results are Usually Expressed.

3.1 Illumination

3.2 Luminance

Foot-candles (foot-candle hours)

3.3

Reflectance

3.4 Irradiation G cal cm2

hr

(or min or

day)

Hours of duration

3.5

Duration of Sunshine

7. Presentation of Data=

(7)

«

6

-7.1 Tables

Graphs Nomograms

Any other methods

7.2 For which period of time?

Hourly, daily, monthly?

If

mean values are given, state period of

time over which means are taken.

8. Are your data published?

Regularly? Irregularly?

Quote

form

of publication, e.g. Bulletin, Articles

in Journals, Station ｎｯｴ･ｳｾ Etc.

Regular

"Monthly Radiation Summary" published in Monthly Record of Meteorological Observations in Canada, Department of Transport, Meteorological Branch.

9.

Give general bibliography with regard to

instru-ments and methods used.

IGY Instruction Manual Part VI

Radiation Instruments and Measurements Annals of the IGY, Pergaman Press.

This contains an extensive list of references and

describe very well the techniques used in

meteoro-logical radiation measurements.

10. Any remarks you would like to add, particularly

in connection with the proposed C.I.E. Guide. The GUIDE should include precise definitions of all radiation and illumination terms and units of

measurements plus unit conversion tables. A

bibliography of sources for definition, units,

etc., might also be helpful. If radiation terms

are to be includ.ed, the C. I. E. would do well to consult with the International Radiation Commission

(International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics),· Prof. W. Morikofer, Physikalisches - Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos-Platz, Switzerland.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

E. Questions

1. Country: Canada

THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMJVIISSION OF ONTARIO, 620 University Avenue,

Toronto 2, Ontario.

3.

3.1 Illumination

We measure total illumination from sun and sky on a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.1.3 Illumination received from the sun

on a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

and received on a horizontal plane 'facing downwards.

3.1.5 Total illumination received on any

vertical plane.

3.2 Luminance :None

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8

-3.2.2

Luminance of specific regions of the

sky (Add brief description).

3.2.3

Average luminance of particularly representative surfaces, such as

-the ground

any vertical surfaces any other surfaces. (Add brief description)

3.3

Reflectance. None

ground

any other surfaces (Add brief description)

3.4

Irradiation None

3.4.1

Total irradiation from sun and sky on a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.2

Irradiation from sky alone on a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.3

Irradiation received from the sun on a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

3.4.4

Albedo.

3.4.5

Total irradiation received on any vertical plane.

3.5

4.

Meteorological Conditions During which Readings are

Normally Taken.

4.1

Clear sky.

4.2 Bartly overcast sky. (Note: Do you record

types of cloud and degree of haziness?)

4.3

Completely overcast sky.

Ontario Hydro take" no records of weather or sky conditions, instead they use the data reported hourly at Malton airport.

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5. Brief Description of Instruments, etc. "and of the Methods Employed in the Measurement of:

3.1 Illumination

We use cosine and colour corrected barrier-layer-type illuminometers connected to an electronic strip-chart recorder.

The illuminometers were made in our Instru-ment Model Shop and are based on the design

of the U.S. Weather Bureau. The Leeds and

Northrup Company have similar illuminometer under their Catalogue No. 6580.

The recorder is a Brown Recording

Millivolt-meter Model No. Yl53XIIV-X-27{V). The

comparable Land N instrument is their No. 60980 Speedomax Recorder.

Both of these recorders comply with the requirements of the U.S. Weather Bureau Specification No. 451.83.4, dated May 1, 1947.

3.2 Luminance

3.3 Reflectance

3.4 Irradiation

3.5 _{Duration of Sunshine}

6.

_{Units in which results are Usually Expressed.}

3.1 Illumination Foot-candles. 3.2 Luminance 3.3 Reflectance 3.4 Irradiation 3.5 _{Duration of Sunshine} 7. Presentation of Data:

(underline the method{s) used)

7.1 Tables

Graphs Nomograms

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10

-7.2 For which period of time?

It

mean values are given, state period of

time over which means are taken.

The illumination value at each hour is

abstracted ｾｲｯｭ the ｂｲｯｾｶｮ millevoltmeter

record and a mean hourly value of

illumina-tion is calculated. Since we are interested

in the darkness of the day with regard to a "sunnylt or "clear daylt each hpurly mean

illumination is expressed as a percent of the lt sunny day" value for that hour on the same day of the year.

A mean value for the following three hour periods

08.00 - 11.00 incl. Eastern Standard Time 09.00 - 12.00 incl. Eastern Daylight Time 14.00 - 17.00 incl. Eastern Standard Time 15.00 - 18.00 incl. Eastern Daylight Time

Quote form of publication, e.g. Bulletin, Articles in Journals, Station Notes, etc.

The data is not published. Both the original

records and the abstracted averages are filed in the Estimates and Resources Section of Ontario

Hydro. Also the average illumination for each

hour of recorded illumination is forwarded to Mr. C. L. Mateer, Meteorological Division, Department of Transport.

9.

We have very little in the way of a bibliography. The file of correspondence leading up to the

decision to install illuminometers ｾｳ quite bulky,

but I do not believe its contents to be what is wanted.

10. Any remarks you would like to add, particularly

in connection with the proposed e.I.E. Guide. Since this illumination data is used for corre-lating with the daily demand for electricity we are not in a position to comment on the proposed C.I.E. Guide to be used in daylight design work.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

E. Questions

1. Country: Canada

DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH, National Research Council, Ottawa, ,Ontario.

3.

3.1 Illumination None

3.1.1 Total illumination (from sun and sky)

horizontal plane in an unobstructed

position. '

on a plane ｰ･ｲｰ･ｮ､ｩ｣ｵｬ｡ｾ to the sun's

rays.

3.1.4 Illumination reflected from the

ground and received on a horizontal plane facing downwards.

3.1.5 Total illumination ｲ･｣･ｩｶ･ｾ on any

vertical plane.

3.2 Luminance.

3.2.1 Luminance 'of the ｳｾｊ at the zenith.

ＳＮＲｾＲ Luminance of specific regions of the

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- - - - --

-- 12 ...

3.2.3 Average luminance of particUlarly

representative surfaces, such as ... the ground

3.3 Reflectance.

ground

3.4 Irradiation.

3.4.1 Total irradiation from sun and sky on x

a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.2 Irradiation from sky alone on a x

3.4.3 Irradiation received from the sun on

a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

Only occasionally.

3.4.4 Albedo.

No - May start in 1960.

3.4.5 Total irradiation received on any

vertical plane.

On walls facing north, ｳｯｵｴｨｾ east

and west.

3.5 Duration of Stmshine

4.

Meteorological Conditions During which Readings

are Normally Taken.

Readings a:;-:e normally recorded. continuously under all weather conditions.

4.1 Clear sky. x

4.2 Partly overcast sky. (Note: Do you record x

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Cloud types and amounts, obscuring phenomena ceiling height and visibility are available hourly at Rockcliffe Airport about one mile away.

4.3

5.

Brief Description of Instruments, etc. and of the

Methods Employed in the Measurement of:

3.1

Illumination

3.2

Luminance

3.3

Reflectance

3.4

Irradiation Eppley Pyrheliometer ＳｾＵ Duration of Sunshine.

x Duration of Sunshine

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Illumination Luminance Reflectance

Irradiation Calories per square centimetre

7.

Presentation of Data:

(underline the method(s) used)

7.1 Tables

Graphs Nomograms

Any other methods

Data abstracted from the recorded charts prepared only when required.

If mean values are given, state period of time over which means are taken.

8. Are your data published? No.

Quote form of publication, e.g. Bulletin, Articles in Journals, Station Notes, Etc.

(15)

14

-9. Give general bibliography with regard to

10. Any remarks you would like to add, partioularly

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International Commission on Illumination ＨｃＮｉＮｅｾＩ

Expert-Committee 3.2 : "Daylight" QUESTIONNAIRE

E. Questions

1. Country: Canada

ａｇｒｏＭｍｾｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙ BRANCH,

Central Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, ottawa, Ontario.

3. '3.1

Illumination

on a horizontal plane in an unoo-structed position.

on a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

and received on a horizontal plane facing downwards.

3.1.5

Total illumination received on any vertical plane.

3.2 Luminance

3.2.2 Luminance of specific regions of

(17)

16 -3.2.3

Average luminance of particUlarly representative surfaces, such as

-the ground

3.3

Reflectance.

ground

3.4

Irradiation.

3.4.1

Total irradiation from sun and sky x on a horizontal plane in an

unob-structed position.

3.4.2

Irradiation from sky alone on a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.3

Irradiation received from the sun on a plane perpendicular to,the sunts rays.

3.4.4

Albedo

3.4.5

Total irra·diation received on any vertical plane.

3.5

4.

Meteorological Conditions During which Readings

are Normally Taken.

Readings are taken under all meteorological con-ditions.

x

4.1

Clear sky. x

4.2

Partly overcast sky. (Note: Do you record x

types of cloud and degree of haziness?) Cloud types etc. are available hourly at Rockcliffe Airport.

(18)

5•.

Brief Description of Instruments, etc. and of the Methods Employed in the Measurement of:

3.1 Illumination

Leeds and Northrup Illuminometer.

3.2 Luminance

3.3 Reflectance

3.4

Irradiation

Eppley Pyrheliometer and Leeds and Northrup Speedomax

3.5

Campbell Stokes Sunshine Recorder.

6.

Units in which Results are Usually Expressed.

3.1 Illumination

3.2 Luminance

3.3 Reflectance

3.4

Irradiation

Foot-candles

Gram calories per square centimetre

3.5

Duration of Sunshine Hours

7.

7.1 Tables

Graphs Nomograms

Any other methods

If

mean values are given, state period

of time over which means are taken.

ｒ･ｾｬ｡ｲｬｙ＿ Irregularly?

Quae form of publicat1on, e.g. Bulletin, Articles in Journals, Station Notes, Etc.

9.

(19)

- -

18

-10. Any remarks you would like to add, partioularly

in oonneotion with the proposed

C.I.E.

Guide.

Analysis of speotral oomposition,of light is 'essential in the design of plant growth rooms . and supplementary lighting for green houses.

Mr. Robertson of the Agro Meteorology Branoh is developing a method of measuring daylight within four narrow wave bands, by means of filters in order to study the effeot on plant growth.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

A. Purpose of the Questionnaire

The Questionnaire has been prepared to enable on an international basis the compilation of relevant information on the measuring techniques used by various organizations to record those climatological data which are needed in daylight design work.

It is intended to use the information obtained in this way to prepare an official C.I.E.-Guide whose aim it will be to assist in standardizing the methods employed in the recording of such climatological data.

The Questionnaire has been largely based on the "Guide for Measuring and Reporting Daylight Illumination"

prepared by the Illuminating ｅｮｾｩｮ･･ｲｩｮｧ Society of U.S.A.

and published in their journal Illuminating Engineering"

in April, 1958 (Vol.53, No.4, pp.2l3-2l6).

B. From Whom the Information is Wanted

The individual members of C.I.E. Committee 3.2 "Daylight" have been asked to submit in their respective countries copies of this questionnaire to both official and private organizations (meteorological services, observatories etc.) which make daylight observations and/or record any of the relevant climatological data.

C. How to Complete the Questionnaire

Mark with a cross those quantities listed in subsections 3 and 4 of the Questionnaire of-which your

organization takes readings. Give a brief yet

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A - 2

D. How to Return the Completed Questionnaire

Please return the completed Questionnaire as quickly as feas'ible but not later than 15th March, 1960 to the member of our Committee who got in touch

with you. His name and address are as follows:

•••• • • •• ••• • ••• •• ••

•

• ••• ••••••• •

·.

.

..

.

...

.

...

· .

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

...

.

....

.

E. Questions 1. Country: 2. Station or Service:

(Name, Address, Nature, etc.)

\

3. Quantities Measured.

3.1 Illumination

3.1.1 Total illumination (from sun and sky)

on a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.1.2 Illumination from sky alone on a horizontal

plane in an unobstructed position.

3.1.3 Illumination received from the sun on a

plane perpendicular to the sun's rays.

and received on a horizontal plane facing downwards.

3.1.5 Total illumination received on any vertical

plane.

3.2 Luminance.

3.2.2 Luminance of specific regions of the sky

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3.2.3 Average luminance of particularly representative surfaces, such as

-the ground any vertical ｳｾｲｦ｡ｯ･ｳ

any other surfaoes. (Add brief description)

3.3

Reflectance.

ground

any other surfaces (Add brief desoription)

3.4 Irradiation.

3.4.1 Total irradiation from sun and sky on

a horizontal plane in an unobstructed position.

3.4.2 Irradiation from sky alone on a horizontal

plane in an unobstruoted position.

3.4.3 Irradiation reoeived from the sun on a

plane perpendioular to the sun's rays. Albedo.

Total irradiation reoeived on any vertical plane.

3.5

4. Meteorological Conditions During which Readings are

Normally Taken.

4.1 Clear sky.

4.2 Bartly overcast sky. (Note: Do you record

types of cloud and degree of haziness?)

4.3

5.

Brief Description of Instruments, etc. and of the

Methods Employed in the Measurement of:'

3.1 Illumination 3.2 Luminance 3.3 Reflectance 3.4 Irradiation

3.5

· t

··

(23)

.

_.

A -

4

3.1 Illumination 3.2 Luminance 3.3 Reflectance

3.4

Irradiation 3.5 Duration of Sunshine

7.

7.1 Tables

Graphs Nomograms

Any other methods

If mean values are given, state period of time over which means are taken.

Quote form of publication, e.g. Bulletin, Articles in Journals, Station Notes, Etc.

9.

Give general bibliography with regard to instruments

and methods used.

10. Any remarks you would like to add, particularly in

connection with the proposed G.I.E. Guide.

S.12739 30/9/59

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