基于频移反馈激光器的高精度射频调制激光雷达

基于频移反馈激光器的高精度射频调制激光雷达

杨宏志

UDC 分类号：621.38

基于频移反馈激光器的高精度射频调制激光雷达

作 者 姓 名 杨宏志

学 院 名 称 光电学院

指 导 教 师 赵长明教授

答辩委员会主席 高春清教授

申 请 学 位 工学博士

学 科 专 业 电子科学与技术

学位授予单位 北京理工大学

论文答辩日期 2019 年 06 月

High-precision RF-modulated lidar by using a

frequency-shifting feedback laser

Candidate NameM YANG Hongzhi

School or Department: School of Optics and Photonics

Faculty Mentor: Prof. Changming Zhao

Chair, Thesis Committee：Prof. Chunqing Gao

Degree Applied: Doctor of Engineering

Major： Electronic Science and Technology

Degree by: Beijing Institute of Technology

The Date of DefenceM JuneK2019

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Abstract

Conventional lasers rely on multiple passes through a gain medium to reinforce a preselected frequency, thereby obtaining near-monochromatic output. For many purposes, such as optical arbitray waveform generation, it is desirable to have light spread over a broader range of frequencies. One means of fulfilling that objective is to introduce a frequency shifting element into the laser feedback loop such that successive passes of a wavepacket take place with different carrier frequencies. The operation of such a frequency shifting feedback (FSF) laser has been investigated by several research groups [1–46] and it has been used for a number of practical applications, including the ultrahigh repetition rates pulse, optical real-time Fourier transformation, RF-chirped waveform generation. In the early 1970’s, the concept of frequency shifted feedback loop incorporating an active medium was introduced for pulsed lasers as a possibility for electronic frequency control. The prediction was that cavity modes were chirped because of the frequency shift introduced during each transit through the cavity. By satisfying a resonant condition between the applied frequency shift and the loop fundamental frequency, it was possible to generate a pulsed output with a repetition rate equal to the modulator frequency. And a theoretical work has shown the possibility of further increasing the repetition rate by adjusting the frequency shift and the loop fundamental frequency as the ratio of two coprimes. Then some scholars provided an experimental demonstration of the idea by injecting a dye FSF cavity with a dye single-mode seed laser: the generation of 6-ps Fourier-transform-limited pulses was demonstrated with repetition rates tunable by steps of 80 MHz between 0.24 GHz and 36.6 GHz, this is, over two orders of magnitude. Finally, franch scholar H.Guillet de Chatellus explains this result in depth by providing an extensive description of the fractional Talbot effect in cw-seeded FSF lasers. Then we called the resonant condition as the integer Talbot condition and the fractional resonant condition as the fractional Talbot condition. When the modulating frequency is slightly detuned away from the integer Talbot case, the FSF loop seeded by a single CW laser is demonstrated to generate the RF chirp wavform. Based on these unique properties of the FSF laser, I propose some new methods to enhance the accuracy of the velocity and distance measurement by using the frequency shifting loop. Besides, I also do some researches on

the dual-sidebands frequency-shifting loop (FSL) and find some originally results, such as pulse doublets, optical real-time Fourier transformation and temporal fractional Talbot effect. In the following, I will present these academic researches systematically.

(1) The investigation of the coherent dual-frequency lidar-radar system. We construct a frequency-shift Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) to generate a fibered dual-frequency laser source and apply it to range measurement. Different from the traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the case of long delay time, we theoretically investigates the beat phase noise under the case that delay length is far shorter than the laser coherent length. The effect of laser phase noise and acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) noise in the beat note phase noise of the dual-frequency laser is theoretically investigated. General expressions are presented for the power spectral density and phase spectral density of the beat note. From the simulations, we find that high AOFS noise introduces a much greater phase jitter into the beat note noise conversion. Based on the theoretical results, an outdoor experiment is conducted to demonstrate the ability of the phase-shift method in the absolute distance measurement and beat note Doppler frequency-shift method in the velocity measurement. By conducting the experiment in the outdoor environment, we finally obtain 8 mm range resolution at a distance of 1.5 km and the velocity resolution is better than 0.5 m/s.

(2) The investigation on the RF up-conversion and waveform generation using a frequency-shifting amplifying fiber loop, application to Doppler velocimetry. RF-modulated laser based on the frequency-shifting amplifying loop has the ability of generating high-order harmonics. Here we focus on a direct application of this source: a velocity measurement with different order harmonics. The emitted wave from the frequency-shifting amplifying loop is directed through a fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 1:99. The 99% output is connected to a fiber circulator, and the other one (1%) is directly detected by photodetector PD2 (3.5 GHz bandwidth) and used as a monitor signal. The light beam emitted by the circulator is collimated by a 10-cm-diameter lens and transmitted to the moving target. The target moves toward and away from the laser in one cycle at a speed ν adjustable from 0.1 m/s to 0.8 m/s. We find (i) a good linear dependency of the frequency shift versus motor velocity, and (ii) the expected n-fold

enhancement of the slopes. This measurement confirms that RF up-conversion permits to significantly improve the experimental accuracy at low velocities.

(3) The investigation on a novel hybrid TOF/phase-shift method for absolute distance measurement using a falling-edge RF-modulated pulsed laser. Traditional range-finding techniques often take advantage of two methods: pulsed TOF laser ranging and phase-shift laser ranging. The pulsed TOF laser ranging technique is appropriate for long-distance measurement because of the long unambiguous distance and high peak power. The range resolution, which is determined by the pulse width, is typically on the order of meters. In comparison, phase-shift laser ranging offers good precision but exhibits 2π phase ambiguity, making it suitable for measurements of incremental displacement. To address the limited ambiguous distance, two or more measurement rulers are usually used in the phase-shift rangefinder. Therefore, the TOF method has the characteristic of a long unambiguous distance, and the phase-shift method has the characteristic of a high precision. They are thus complementary in terms of the unambiguous distance and accuracy. Combining the characteristics of the long, unambiguous distance of the pulsed TOF method and the accuracy of the phase-shift measurement, a hybrid TOF/phase-shift method may achieve long-distance and high-accuracy absolute distance measurement. Then we investigate a falling-edge RF-modulated pulsed laser by using a frequency-shifted amplifying loop. A single-frequency fiber laser (seed laser) is coupled into a fiber link through coupler 1. The output port of coupler 1 is sent through an amplifier, followed by an acousto-optic (AO) switch back to the input of coupler 2. The second coupler allows us to extract a fraction of the optical field in the pulsed frequency-shifted amplifying loop. The AO switch is used as a frequency shifter and beam chopper. A Yb3+-doped fiber amplifier is inserted to compensate for the loss in the loop. The RF modulation within the pulse results from the interference of the frequency-shifted pulse with the seed laser. Then we directly use the falling-edge RF-modulated pulsed laser to measure the object distance. To verify the capability for long-range absolute distance measurement, we make a distance measurement inside the fiber by inserting a 2-km fiber in the receiving port. The experimental results show that the TOF/phase-shift method can compensate for the timing error caused by the TOF method and significantly improve the distance precision. Finally,

we show experimentally that the hybrid TOF/phase-shift method is a promising technique that achieves 3 mm precision in the 1.5 km measurement range (in fiber), corresponding to a relative precision of 2×10-6_.

(4) The investigation on the temporal and spectral properties of frequency-shifting loop. Frequency-shifting loops usually rely on the use of an acousto-optic frequency-shifter. While it features high frequency conversion efficiency in the sub-100 MHz range, AOFS have limited efficiency in the GHz range, and offer limited tunability. In this respect, EOM offer much higher modulation frequency and bandwidth. Besides, EOM are compact and easy to integrate with other fibered devices. Thus we propose to investigate an all-fibered frequency-shifted feedback loop when a widely tunable common electro-optic amplitude or phase modulator (EOAM or EOPM) is employed. Instead of the single side-band AO frequency-shift, the EO loop will produce at each round-trip two side-bands with opposite frequency-shifts. The carrier will also circulate together with the multiple frequency-shifted sidebands. In order to predict the time response of the FSL, a general time-delayed interference model is deduced under the cases of the integer Talbot condition and fractional Talbot condition. When the integer Talbot condition is satisfied (𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝), the output

traces show a periodic pulse. However, different modulators also show some differences. The phase-modulating FSL is demonstrated to achieve the optical real-time Fourier transformation. And the amplitude-modulating FSF loop features double-pulse regime which the interval between the two pulses can be continuously adjusted by changing the static phase retardance and the modulation depth. Besides, when the fractional Talbot condition is satisfied (𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞), the time response of the amplitude-modulating FSF

loop could observe the temporal fractional Talbot effect, that is a periodic pulse with the repetition rate 𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑓
. Phase-modulating FSF loop features the arbitrary waveform

generation due to the destructive interference of higher-order harmonics. Experiments involving the temporal and spectral properties of the amplitude-modulating FSL and the phase-modulating FSL are conducted to demonstrate the above results.

Key Words: Frequency-shifted feedback loop; Talbot laser; Frequency-to-time mapping;

目

目录

录

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1 ˿̩ͽ

_{... 1} 1.1 Ƀͽȓˤ˸ˑ˖ˑĨǐi ... 1 1.2 Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ˤ˸ζƇ ... 2 1.3 Ƀͽȓˑfͬˤ˸Æű ... 20

̂

2 ˿ łsň¶˴Гˑ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή

_{... 29} 2.1 Ƨ͵ ... 29 2.2 ĈГʪ¶ʢƒćįňÔɒM ... 30 2.2.1 ĈГʪ¶ʢ̞ǖ ... 30 2.2.2 ǬГ¤Ęˑįňɦŀ ... 31 2.2.3 ŭНˤ˸ ... 38 2.3 ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή ... 39 2.3.1 ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήǼʐĂ˂ ... 39 2.3.2 ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̞ǖ ... 44 2.3.3 ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήŌĺǼʐŭН ... 55 2.4 ̣ͽ ... 57

̂

3 ˿ łsň¶Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑŹГ·ßʪ¶ćÂΈʇōȰìʐχ

_{... 57} 3.1 Ƨ͵ ... 58 3.2 Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑ̞ǖ ... 58 3.2.1 ¶̾̕ěĮΩʹLJ ... 59 3.2.2 ¶̕ʿΜʹLJ ... 60 3.2.3 ň¶˴ГʹLJ ... 63 3.3 Г˴ĉЙʿΜ˂ͽÔɒ ... 65 3.4 Г˴ĉЙʿΜŭН ... 67 3.4.1 ˆǐʇưĊˈ ... 68 3.4.2 ŹГГʽUΡǷ ... 70 3.4.3 ϠɦʹLJ ... 71 3.5 ОϵΈʇ Doppler ʐχ ... 73

3.5.1 ǬГōȰìʐχĂ˂ ... 73 3.5.2 ОϵΈʇ Doppler ʐχŭН ... 74 3.6 Lj̣ ... 75

̂

4 ˿ łsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑŹГ·ß͇Éʪ¶ćÂО̍ơΛ˭ʐϖ

_{... 76} 4.1 Ƨ͵ ... 76 4.2 łsň¶ȗʇ·ßˑŹГ·ß͇Éʪ¶˂ͽÔɒ ... 77 4.2.1 ˂ͽɦŀ ... 77 4.2.2 ‰˜ ... 79 4.3 ŹГ·ß͇ÉŭН̣ɓM ... 81 4.3.1 ŭН̵ͪ ... 81 4.3.2 ŭН̣ɓ ... 81 4.4 О̍ơŹГ·ß͇Éʪ¶ʐΛ ... 85 4.4.1 ŋěƦ͇É/˘”ʐΛĂ˂ ... 85 4.4.2 О̍ơŹГ·ß͇Éʪ¶ʐΛŭНM ... 87 4.5 Lj̣ ... 91

̂

5 ˿ Г˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀć‰˜Ôɒ ...

₉₃ 5.1 Ƨ͵ ... 93 5.2 Talbot ȌƟ ... 93 5.2.1 ˹ϭŁ Talbot ȌƟ ... 93 5.2.2 ȣŁ Talbot ȌƟ ... 96 5.2.ˌ¶·ßĮˑΩʹLJ ... 96 5.2.1 ˌ¶˘”·ßʹLJ ... 96 5.2.2 ˌ¶Ƭơ·ßʹLJ ... 98 5.3 Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑφˉ˂ͽɦŀćÔɒ ... 98 5.4 łsˌ¶˘”·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀ ... 100 5.4.1 Ȓȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 100 5.4.2 Ôȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 104 5.5 łsˌ¶Ƭơ·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀ ... 107 5.5.1 Ȓȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 108 5.5.2 Ôȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 110

5.6 łsň¶Гʽ·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀ ... 116 5.6.1 Ȓȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 116 5.6.2 Ôȑ Talbot Ɍ† ... 118 5.7 Ƀ˿ẓ̇ ... 120

̂

6 ˿ ĈέƕГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ŭН

_{... 121} 6.1 Ƨ͵ ... 121 6.2 ĈέƕГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ŭН;ͷ ... 121 6.2.1 ŭНțɠ ... 121 6.2.2 ¿ϣĮ† ... 122 6.3 łsˌ¶Ƭơ·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ ... 125 6.3.1 Ĉ͇ÉŭН ... 125 6.3.2 ŹГʇưĊˈ ... 127 6.3.3 ȟ˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹ȣˑĈ͇ÉϠɦʪ¶ ... 129 6.3.4 Ôȑ Talbot ʪ¶ ... 130 6.4 łsˌ¶˘”·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ ... 132 6.5 ̣ͽ ... 133

̣ͽ

_{... 140}

Ą̺ȓʼ

_{... 143}

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1.1 本

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究的

的目

目的

的和

和意

意义

义

Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ȫĸƖͰˑ_{Fabry-Perot ͉ǘ̻ʿư͉Æȃ¹˴ГĮ, ›ƺʪ¶ɳɨ} φί˴ГĮȣ¶ʇГʽϏĊˈčïK˴ГĮˑƧ¹ƲĪq̧ʪ¶ˑρГɦƦK›ƺ Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ÃȽqWĜsƖͰʪ¶ˑȣϭ_{-ГʽʹLJFȢĸ 1970 ƚK̶ĵșĿˬŏ}

ţƼʇŭНůˑ_{William Streifer Ĩ John R. Whinnery ȎǺĊˀKƮʪ¶͉Æè¹ň¶} ˴ГĮȣKΩÒˑθ̪ʪ¶ĥˀГʽīĬʹLJFϿĞK‹ōˤ˸ţ̻Ƥśˤ˸Г˴ĉ Йʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJKƛͿŭqÂĸΗОϕГ͇ÉEƼʇ¤ĘˑˆǐʇưĊˈEīĬ¶ ʢXŲΊ¶ʢzˈEŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήE¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷIʇϩ_{-ȣϭȩŹJ̃R} ̏ÖțЋȽ˝ƜʆˑƟˉáȱF Ǵʳʪ¶͉ˑǵ͘Ɍ†KГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĔƒÔe͉Æ͌ˊǵ͘Г˴ĉЙʪ¶Iȟ ˯޶ʈ¹JĨŌ͉ƦГ˴ĉЙʪ¶I˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹JF€̣ɑU˛K͉Æ͌ˊǵ͘ Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ĨféϠɦʪ¶β’FféϠɦʪ¶ȫĸʪ¶͉Æȃ¹RūГʽˑ·ß ĮKŷ¶ɋζͣǵƗ·ßǘ̻˘”·ßK›ƺĚ`ɦƦˑǵ͘ʪ¶̫DzĴūˑГʽϭ ЀĨĴūˑ˘ŷ˘”¿̏Kƒŭˀ͇Éʪ¶ˑΩÒFɝǸˀȽŭН̣ɓKƮ·ßГʽ Xʪ¶͉ϩơʤΚRūɌ†ȣK͉Æ͌ˊǵ͘ˑГ˴ĉЙʿΜ͆zˈ˶ūˑ͇Éʪ¶F ƃ̇XϠɦʪ¶ŭНˀ΋̊’K“ε˯ǎËVˑ͇ÉʹLJΦeŋɇKʕćÞņ˓~Ύ ˑéæţʹLJĨ¶ţЉ̝LJȌƟ̃F̼˘ɴ͌ˊǵ͘Г˴ĉЙʪ¶KŌ͉ƦГ˴ĉЙ ʪ¶͆ŎĸRū˵ơUϊ¸ʕćņ˓~ΎˑʹLJK̼ǣˤ˸ϕƾȋĸГ˴ĉЙ͉ɃΞ ˑʹLJUFɃȓǛˤ˸ˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶fͬȫdzŌ͉ƦГ˴ĉЙʪ¶F Ō͉ƦГ˴ĉЙʪ¶IŚWʹdzKVȓǛΆГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĻƈsŌ͉ƦJȻȢȫ ˊ̶ĵˤ˸ţ̻F.V. Kowalski[1-3] ȂÒMźθ̪ He-Ne ʪ¶ʈ¹ÞȟʢГ˴ĉЙ͉Æ Iȟʢʹdz͉ÆʂȽ¶ţȋŏĮ†JKφί·͒ň¶˴Гϖ̃sȒȑ¥ˑȟʢ͉łГK ƺÞq<sub>ns̗ˑ͇ÉΩÒFϿĞK‹ōˤ˸ţ̻ƤśŷГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑ͇ÉʹLJζͣˤ</sub> ˸KŭНUzˈqΗˣI<sub>psϖ̗JEΗОϕГIÐòGHzJˑ͇ÉFĸε`ί˵aK</sub> ˤ˸ţ̻ĊˀφίĸГ˴ĉЙʿΜaƧ¹¶ţȋŏĮKĔƒͦ®ʪ¶ĸ͉ÆˑΩǶ œK›ƺ˯Şʪ¶ĸʿΜaˑГ˴ɨȑŏŏņèFĸɬł˦UKГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĸŹГ

ˆǐʇưEŹГīĬʇưĨɵ̉ʇzˈ̃Ƽʇ¶ŞţБŁ͚ƺqȬ͜ǖɓKȬ˪q ϕͬˑˤ˸‡©FƼʇ¶ŞţȫβƚɍÀΖˑRϪˤ˸ƼʇĨ¶ţ˘t™ˉˑxĆţ ˰KÂ˖ˑȫÜˉˀ‚¶ŞǢɄˑŏŲƕĨ•Ƕ̽ʹLJͳÊƼʇƌ˵БŁˑ˅ВϬДK ˤ˸ÆűfͬîDZƼʇ¤Ęˑ¶ŞzˈEʼn˂EΩĨǾßFГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĸƼʇ¤ Ęˑ¶ŞzˈțЋƺÞqƜʆˑˤ˸F˘ɴƼʇˑ¶ţzˈțƦKГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ ÃȽ̣ɑ̅÷EȌʽОE˶ūLJƬ̃ŒʮF ϽɬjŌKƒГ˴ĉЙʪ¶™eʪ¶ʢˑŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήoƺÞqƜʆˤ˸F ŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήIîDZ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήJȫƒʪ¶™eΥʇKŹГ™eǼʐ¤ĘK φίǼʐ˖əȏŹˑıʇKƺÞ˖əˑΛ˭Eχơƒć˹ϭ”̵̃¤NjˑR˯Ѕή̏ ̧F˘ɴsƼʇЅήKʪ¶ЅήΥʇˑʇϩˣEГʽОKĔƒŭˀОˑ˹ϭÔΫʽN ˘ɴsȰφʪ¶ЅήK¤NjˑȂċɍ͌sŹГ¤ĘKÃȽƼʇЅήΦƬˑǦŏɷƘ Ǡ͆æFIJɬĔƒΆKŹГ·ßʪ¶Ѕήọ̈̄ěqʪ¶ЅήĨƼʇЅήĚ͌ŒʮˑR ˯Ț–ßʪ¶ЅήFWίKŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήoЋc˝RwЁДKŚǬГ¤Ęˑ˘” ϠūϬДIýϺįϬДJK•χ˖əˑΗ•ōȰì˴ГI_{mHz-Hz ͗ijJͳ̆ϬД̃F} ̼Ō͉ƦГ˴ĉЙʪ¶IJÂОГ·ßEŲƕГʽīĬEГʽɣʹLJ̃eͳÊUμϬД ȂqR˯ĔͣˑțɠKƺÞqƜʆˑˤ˸F Г˴ĉЙ͉ÅÃʪ¶͉ˑρГʹLJĨʿΜГ˴ʹLJK›ÂÃȽqWĜsƖͰʪ¶ ˑȣϭ_{-ГʽʹLJKĸƼʇ¶ŞţĨŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήБŁȽ˝Ȭ͜ˑƟˉáȱFɃͽ} ȓƓȿφίŷГ˴ĉЙ͉ˑˤ˸KǼ̑ŹГ·ßʪ¶Ѕήĸ˖əχơEΛ˭ʐϖ̃Б ŁˑȚțʅKeε˯Ț–ßʪ¶ЅήˑĊƇƟˉŘūRūǢɄł˦NĜȣoƓȿeŹ ГˆǐʇưĊˈK¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷKОϕГ͇ÉˑzˈȂR˯Ĕ¨ϘˑțƦF

1.2 频

频移

移反

反馈

馈激

激光

光研

研究

究进

进展

展

ɝǸГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑˤ˸ÆűKź€ƒVÐțЋƇƤM1JΗˣEΗОϕГ͇É ʪ¶N2JГʽīĬʪ¶N3J¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷN4J¶ţˆǐʇưĊˈEɵ̉ʇ zˈ̃N5JŹГ·ßʪ¶ćÂĸʪ¶ЅήˑƟˉFÂaK̶ĵˤ˸ţ̻ F.V. Kowalski Ĩʅĵˤ˸ţ̻H.Guillet de Chatellus ȫ΍ʼΦŏˑ^”ţ̻K…ŷГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ ζͣqϩɀEʖ¹ˑˑˤ˸K͚ƺqͼōǖɓF I I1JJΗΗˣˣEEΗΗООϕϕГГ͇͇ÉÉ

1987 ƚK̶ĵˤ˸ţ̻ F.V. Kowalski Ȼµˤ˸q÷Гθ̪ He-Ne ʪ¶ʈ¹ȟʢ Г˴ĉЙʿΜȣˑ͇ÉΩÒʹLJKŚĶ_{1.1IaJǛ˪F÷Г˯Şʪ¶̢ĉŹϧ M1 Ĩ} M2 Ğʈ¹ÞГ˴ĉЙʿΜaKʿΜˊ M3-M6 İ`ĉŹϧĨň¶˴ГĮ̞ǖI8 Šŀ ʿΜJF˯Şʪ¶WȘˑĸ M3-M4-M5-M6-AOM-M3…jϭƻʿKZɳɨφίň¶˴ ГĮȣʪ¶ГʽźņèǘÎŽň¶Г˴ϖ<sub>𝑓𝑓</sub>
FŭН;ū<sub>𝑓𝑓
= 80 MHzKφί·͒İ`ĉ</sub> Źϧˑ˘ŷ”̵K›ƺʿΜłГIý̛ɦϭЀKʿΜłГ_{𝑓𝑓
= c LKce¶χKLʿΜ} ϩơJ̃sň¶˴ГϖK_{𝑓𝑓
= 𝑓𝑓}
FŭНUͯŵÞqϕГ_{80 MHzK͇Ų2 nsˑΩÒ͇ÉK} ŚĶ_1.1IbJǛ˪F Ķ1.1IaJȟʢГ˴ĉЙʿΜ̣ɑNIbJ˪ʇĮΩÒ͇ÉǙĶ ϿĞK_{F.V. Kowalski ̃|ʖ¹ˤ˸q÷Гθ̪ʪ¶ʈ¹ȣˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦ} ŀKƛɝǸ˂ͽɦŀǿʐƮʿΜÆˑГ˴ϖXʿΜłГʤΚ_{𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞I𝑝𝑝K 𝑞𝑞ÔÝ} etΎȒȑJȣK͆ΩÒϕŋГʽe_{𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓}
ˑ͇Éʪ¶F_{1993 ƚKøŨȰȐŏţˑ} M.W.Phillips ̃|ĸГ˴ĉЙ͉Æè¹qņ˓~ΎNdMYLFKˉɍͦ®˯Şʪ¶ĸʿ ΜaΩˑǶ̽KȂО˯Şʪ¶ĸʿΜaˑГ˴ɨȑKŭН̣ɑŚĶ1.2 Ǜ˪Fʇϩ e_{1047 nm ˑ÷Гθ̪˯Şʪ¶Iª;¶Гʽe𝑓𝑓}
Jφί_{M3 ʈ¹ÞГ˴ĉЙ͉aK} ̢ίň¶˴ГĮĞzˈ<sub>+1̗ͤŹ¶I¶Гʽe𝑓𝑓
+ 𝑓𝑓
, 𝑓𝑓</sub>
eň¶˴ГϖJƛ̢ºĉϧĉ ŹKÇɨφίň¶˴ГĮK^ɨ˴ГĞI¶Гʽe<sub>𝑓𝑓
+ 2𝑓𝑓</sub>
Jˑ˯Şʪ¶̢M3 Ĩ M2 ĉŹζ¹ņ˓~Ύ_{Nd: YLFaζͣȋŏKͦ®ʿΜaˑǶ̽Kņ˓~Ύɂ̀ϥ͊Ƚ} 1047 nmºĉK802 nmņσˑĉŹ͊ M1KȋŏĞˑ˯Şʪ¶̢σϧ M2KM3 ĉŹÇ ɨφίň¶˴ГĮKĉŋUμί˵Fň¶˴ГĮˑЉͤŹ¶ΩÒǽ¶ˌǼʐĮĨ¶Ί

„KˉɍͯŵΩÒГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑȣГŁʹLJFň¶˴ГĮˑaƾГʽ_{𝑓𝑓
= 80 MHzK} ˊsʪ¶ĸ͉ƏΩRħȣ^ɨφίň¶˴ГĮKŭϸUƧΖˑГ˴ϖe_2𝑓𝑓
= 160MHzFφί·͒ĉŹϧK›ƺň¶˴Гϖ̃Xʪ¶͉łГˑ^¥Ký𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 2F ŭНUͯŵÞqΩÒ¶ΊŲơe_{140 GHzĨǽβ¯ϔėΡǷɐϻˑ31 psΗˣ͇ÉF} Ķ1.2 ˯Şʈ¹ˑГ˴ĉЙ͉Kʪ¶͉ÆȽ Nd:YLF ņ˓~Ύ 2004 ƚKk·½ĵŰ˰ţϼʸ˂ˤ˸Ǜˑ Yatsenko ̃|̬ějáˑˤ˸ǖɓK Φȩ̏EºЋˑˤ˸qГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJKîDZ͇ÉʹLJEГʽīĬʹLJ̃K ƛϚŷÂʹLJƣ˾qГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ˂ͽɦŀK΄̟Ôɒq͇ɃćГʽīĬzˈˑ ĂIJF΃͇É˂ͽɦŀȠîDZqŋɇˑņ˓~ΎʹLJEГ˴ĉЙ͉ˑ˴ГEρГʹLJK o³Ô̺͟qʿΜņ˓ĨǶ̽ĄȑŷΩÒ͇ÉˑƲĪFȻ̠φίȑ©‰˜ζRɭͿŭ qƮʿΜˑ˴ГϖXʿΜłГʤΚ_{𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞ȣKĔƒzˈϕŋГʽe𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓}
ˑ͇Éʪ ¶K‰˜̣ɓŚĶ1.3 Ǜ˪F Ķ_{1.3 Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑ͇ÉʹLJM𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓}
ÔÝe_{1K3 2K4 3K5 4}

ŒïŭН̣ɑź͇ÉˑϕŋГʽȂО͍_{37 GHzKÂŭН̣ɑŚĶ 1.4IaJǛ˪F÷ɦ}

ʪ¶I_{SM laserJφίň¶ 0 ̗ͤŹ”̵ʈ¹ÞГ˴ĉЙʿΜaK˯Şʪ¶ΩÒçʽ}

e_{30 mWKʇϩe580 nmFň¶˴Гϖe40 MHzKˊs^ɨφίň¶˴ГĮKIJɬ} ˯Şʪ¶ΩRħƧΖˑГ˴e_{80 MHzFΩÒ̾ěĮ TS1 ˉsǾßГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ} ΩÒKeq͆θ̪·͒Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑϩơK_{TS1 Ũͪĸˌé”˴ĕUƒǾßʿΜˑ} ϩơFφί·͒ʿΜϩơKŭˀqʿΜłГ€_{240 MHzÞ280 MHzjϭˑθ̪Ĕ·F} ĜȣKeqǤßʿΜaņ˓~Ύˑ͌ĊΨŹƧΖˑ͌ʪЇ͘I͌ǵ͘Г˴ĉЙ͉JK ·͒˯Şʪ¶ˑˑƌ™Гʽ”s«˭͌ĊΨŹaƾГʽ̖_{100 GHz ʼnKŚĶ 1.4IbJ} Ǜ˪F Ķ1.4IaJГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ŭН̵ͪNIbJ͌ĊΨŹĨ˯Şʈ¹ˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶¶Ί Ķ1.5 Ǜ˪eΩÒˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ГΊĶF̂Rͣˑ^Ķe͌ˊǵ͘Г˴ĉЙʪ ¶ˑǬГçʽΊN̂rĨ̂Tͣe÷Г˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹ȣWĜʪ¶͉łГǛzˈˑǬГ çʽΊFŭНUÔÝ·͒ʿΜϩơITS1 ˑ”̵JK›ƺ·ßГʽ𝑓𝑓
XʿΜłГ_𝑓𝑓
ʤ Κ_{𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 = 1 3 ， 2 7 ， 4 13 ， 8 25K€ĶaĔƒ˛Òʪ¶ГƎe𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓}
ˑʪ¶ʇϩ˘Ƙ ˘ϩKȦȬОsГʽK€ȣŁUͯŵƀͧˀeϕŋГʽe_{𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓}
ˑʪ¶͇ÉFȻ̠K φߌị̈ɑŭˀq¶ΊŲơ_{150 GHzƒćŷƟ6 psˑ¯ϔėΡǷɐϻ͇ÉFŭНU} ƺÞq€_{0.24 GHzÞ37 GHzˑθ̪ϕŋГʽĔ·͇ÉF΃ŭН˗ǽͿȦqMƮ·ßГ} ʽĨʪ¶łГʤΚ_{𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= p qȣKĔzˈϕŋГʽe𝑞𝑞𝑓𝑓}
͇Éʪ¶Fýφίě˂;̵ʿ Μ͉ϩĨ·ßГʽˑ¿̏KĔƒŭˀ•ГŹГ¤ĘzˈΗОϕГ͇ÉKεeОϕГ͇ ÉˑzˈȂqR˯̅÷EОȌˑțʅF

Ķ1.5 Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ΩÒǬГˑçʽΊM͑͝eȟ˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹ȣˑ͌ˊǵ͘¶ΊN̔͑ÔÝe p, q = 1,3 , 2,7 , 4,13 , (8,25)ȣˑΩÒʪ¶çʽΊŴơ

ĜƚKH.Guillet de Chatellus ɝǸГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ˂ͽɦŀKζRɭǿŸqÔȑΈ

ǵɌ†_{𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓
= 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞VˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀKĊˀÂĚϵɨΈʇˑ˘”IJŞĨʪ¶}

ĸʿΜaˑГ˴ɨȑĥrɨț¿̏KXȣŁÔȑ_{TalbotȌƟ˘ĤěKƛĸɬł˦UȂ}

ÒqÔȑΈǵɌ†VˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ȫR˯ʉ‘ʪ¶I_{Talbot LaserJFTalbot ȌƟȻ}

ÛȫdzR˯͌ǖ°ȌƟKÖeƮ÷͑ƙЋʇʳŹÞħɀLJ¶ɘȣK€¶ɘĞˑɔw

ʹūΛ˭ĔƒͯŵÞħɀLJˑ¶ɘ͌ǖ°FϿĞKȣŁ Talbot ȌƟoϿjzˈKÂ

ƦF˖áKȣŁ_{Talbot ȌƟˑR`fͬƟˉțğȫŭˀ͇ÉϕГˑ¥ГFłsГ˴ĉ}

ЙʿΜˑ_{Talbotʪ¶ŚĶ 1.6 Ǜ˪KÂaĶ 1.6IaJeГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑĂ˂ĶKĶ 1.6}

I_{bJe˂ͽ¶ΊĶF}

Ķ1.6 IaJ÷Гθ̪ʪ¶ʈ¹ˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ɦŀMAOFS eň¶˴ГĮNIbJГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ

ΩÒ¶ΊMω
e˯Şʪ¶ГʽKω
eň¶˴ГϖN_{∆ωe¶ΊŲơNge¶Ίî̥} I I2JJГГʽʽīīĬĬʪʪ¶¶ Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ˊsĸΈǵ͉ÆƧ¹qГ˴K›ƺʪ¶ɳɨ̢ί˴ГĮĞГʽϏĊ ˈȊčKε˥ļq̧ʪ¶ˑρГɦƦK›ÂÃȽqʻʹˑȣГŁʹLJFɝǸáȓǛ μKΈǵɌ†VΩÒˑГ˴ĉЙʿʪ¶eΗˣEΗОϕГ͇ÉF“Ʈ·ßГʽXʿΜ łГWʤΚΈǵɌ†ȣKɬȣˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ØͧˀeŲƕθ̪ʪ¶ΩÒFˊsΩÒ

ˑŲƕʪ¶ʂȽĴūˑ̛ɦKIJɬ˳jeȟɦʪ¶I_{Modeless LaserJFȻȢˤ˸΃ˀ}

΋ˑȫ̶ĵșĿˬŏţˑWilliam Streifer Ĩ John R. WhinneryF1988 ƚK̶ĵˤ˸ţ

̻_{F.V. Kowalski ŷ΃ˀ΋ζͣq΄̟Eʖ¹ˑˤ˸KŭН̵ͪŚĶ 1.7IaJǛ˪Mɕ}

ȕņ˓~Ύ _{R6G ȋ̵sʿΜaưǖq͌ˊǵ͘ˑГ˴ĉЙ͉Fφί·͒ň¶˴Гϖ}

ĨʿΜϩơK›ƺ^̻WʤΚΈǵɌ†KŭНaͯŵÞq_{0.75 nmˑθ̪Ųƕʪ¶Ω}

ÒKŭН̣ɓŚĶ_{1.7IbJǛ˪FϿĞKIan C.M. Littler ̃|ζRɭĹˤ˸qĸʪ¶}

Ķ1.7IaJłsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑŲƕθ̪ʪ¶KÂa AOM eň¶˴ГĮKDJ eņ˓~Ύ R6GN M1-M4 eĉŹϧIbJГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ΩÒθ̪¶ΊK¶ΊŲơ̖e0.75 nm ϿĞKîDZ F.V. Kowalski ĸÆˑ‹ōţ̻Ƥśˤ˸Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑŲƕ¶Ίʹ LJKƛĊˀÂÃȽ¶ГīĬʹLJF1993 ƚKIan C.M. Littler ̃|Üˉ^`ň¶˴ГĮ IÔÝeʪ¶ГʽUΡǷĨVΡǷJˑ˴ГГƎKŭˀq͉Æ<sub>200 kHzÞ8 MHzˑθ̪</sub> ˴ГKŭН̣ɑŚĶ1.8 Ǜ˪FˊsʂȽ˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹K΃̣ɑoȫ͌ˊǵ͘ˑГ˴ ĉЙʪ¶KZʿΜˑłГГʽe<sub>188 MHzKηŏsň¶˴ГГʽF^`ň¶˴ГĮˑ</sub> ͤŹȌʽÔÝe_{87%Ĩ93%FĸʿΜaȃ¹^`əÍÃɍǾßʿΜǵ͘ˑ¶ΊŲơK} Â͌ˊ¶Ί͗ijÔÝe_{200 GHzĨ100 GHzFƮ·͒ň¶˴ГĮ›ƺȽȌГ˴e} 200 kHzȣKΩÒʪ¶¶ΊŲơήÞ1.5 GHzFĶ 1.9IaJĨIbJÔÝeГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ ̢ЉǟȁFP ĞˑȣŁÔƑĨ̢ǟȁ FP ĞΩÒˑʪ¶ƬơXǟȁГʽjϭˑ¿̏Fφ ί˂ͽÔɒĊˀKʪ¶ˑīĬχʽ̃s_{𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑣𝑣
 𝜏𝜏
}KÂa _𝑣𝑣
ͧ˪ʿΜaˑȽȌ Г˴ϖK_𝜏𝜏
eʪ¶ĸʿΜaΩRħˑȣϭĨsʿΜłГˑ¦ȑJFĶ 1.9IcJ-IeJÔÝeʿΜȽȌГ˴e320 kHzK640 kHz Ĩ1280 kHzȣˑŹГīĬȣŁÔƑĶF Ʈ_{𝑣𝑣
 = 320 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘ȣKʪ¶īĬχʽ𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 6×10}
 _𝑠𝑠

KÂa_{𝜏𝜏
 = 5.3 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛F€Ķ 1.9} IcJĔƒ˛ÒKʪ¶Гʽ€0.25 µsϷβƤśτʜņŏKÞ̖e1 µsȣǬГГʽήÞ 60 MHzFŷɴĶIcJ,IdJĨIeJĊˀKǬГīĬχʽϿ˝ň¶˴Гϖˑņŏ̼ņ ŏF

Ķ1.8 łsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ¶ГīĬʹLJŭН̣ɑĶ Ķ1.9IaJΩÒʪ¶̢ FP Ƙʕ„ĞˑȣŁĶNIbJΩÒʪ¶̢ǟȁƦ FP Ƙʕ„Ğˑʪ¶¤ĘX ʪ¶Гʽˑ¿̏KĶaîDZ^`ǟȁħɀNIcJ-IeJeГ˴ĉЙʿΜΩÒʪ¶X˯Şʪ¶ŌƎ ƘʕĞˑŹГǬГ¤ĘKÂaГ˴ϖÔÝe_{320 kHzK640 kHzĨ1280 kHzF} ƒ _{K.Nakamura e‚ͧˑˤ˸ţ̻ŷĚ˯ņ˓~Ύˑ¶ГīĬˀ΋ζͣqˤ˸K} ƛτɭίʝÞÜˉЉΈǵɌ†VˑГʽīĬʪ¶ζͣȐÖˑƟˉˤ˸KîDZ¶ГŁ

ʐΛE¶͑̕ȏʐϖEŲƕŹГīĬ¤Ęˑzˈ̃F¶ГŁʐΛI_{Optical frequency}

Ă˂KφίǼʐıʇʪ¶XĄ̺ʪ¶ˑǬГƎɍŭˀŷΜƵƎˑʐϖF¶ГŁʐΛʅ ÃȽʐϖ̍ơОEʐ˵ηˑʹʮFГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĸЉΈǵɌ†V͆zˈīĬχʽɐО ˑГʽ·ßʪ¶KЉƖοě™e¶ГŁʐΛˑʪ¶ʢF_{2000 ƚKK.Nakamura ̃ˤ˸} |ĦÜˉГ˴ĉЙ͉zˈˑГʽīĬʪ¶ζͣq¶ГŁʐΛțʅˑˤ˸KГ˴ĉЙʪ ¶ŚĶ _{1.10IaJǛ˪F¶ГŁʐΛʅˑʪ¶ʢϒˉNd: YVO4™eņ˓~ΎKЇ͘ϯ} ©e_{70 mWKȖȌʽ0.3FĶ 1.10IbJǛ˪eīĬ¶ʢˑȣϭ-ГʽʹLJK¶ГīĬχ}

ʽe_{𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑣𝑣
 𝜏𝜏
}KŭНaʪ¶͉Гe_{𝑣𝑣
 = 1 𝜏𝜏
 = 1.265 GHzKň¶˴Гe} 𝑣𝑣
 = 80 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀Kʪ¶īĬχʽήÞ𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 202 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃/𝑠𝑠F¶ГŁΛ˭ʐϖŭН̣ɑŚ Ķ_{1.11 Ǜ˪MГ˴ĉЙʪ¶̢1: 1ÔɋϧÔe^ɋ¶ĞKÔݙeĄ̺¶Ĩ¤Ę¶ζ} ¹ΰ·žςƘʕ„aKˉɍʐϖƘʕ„^ɌȈΜˑΜƵƎFŭНUÜˉ_19832ϵɨˑ ǬГ¤Ęŭˀq_{18.6 kmϩơVˑ20 mmˑʐϖ̍ơF} Ķ1.10 IaJłsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽīĬʪ¶NIbJīĬГʽɣˑȣϭ-ГʽʹLJ Ķ1.11 łsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ¶ГŁʐΛŭН̵ͪ

łsГ˴ĉЙ͉ˑθ̪īĬʪ¶δĔƒˉsʐϖ¶͑̕ȏˑŏżF¶͑̕ȏφƖ ȫdzˊsWĜГʽIǘʇϩJˑ¶¤Ęĸ¶̕aƒWĜˑχơȅKƮΩRūΛ˭ ĞWĜГʽˑ¶ƢȣWĜR˯ʸ˂ˀ΋FφƖK¶͑̕ȏʐϖȫÜˉWĜʇϩˑʪ¶ φί¶̕ĞˑȣϭƎɍĉʨÒ¶̕ˑ͑ȏʹLJFłsЉΈǵɌ†ˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ȫR ˯ŲƕīĬʪ¶KƮÂĸ¶̕aΩȣKˊs͑ȏˑƲĪWĜГʽˑ¶χơWĜK Ÿ͎Ųƕ¶ʢˑīĬχʽĊˈȊčKφίʐϖΩRūϩơĞˑīĬχʽˑȊčϖĔ ƒͷ̆Ò¶͑̕ȏˑŏżKĂ˂ŚĶ1.12 Ǜ˪F łsЉΈǵɌ†ˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ʐϖ¶͑̕ȏˑŭН̵ͪŚĶ_{1.13 Ǜ˪Kʇϩe} 1.48 µmˑʊʑʪ¶φίʇÔŋˉĮIWDMJʈ¹¶̕ʿΜaKȀ Er3+¶̕ȫ͌ˊǵ ͘Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑņ˓~ΎF¶̕Ѐ˭Įϊ¸qʊʑ¶ĸʿΜaˑǵ͘KZ¢›Г˴ ĉЙʪ¶}͆ʃ˝πȣϚțğΩF«ǵǾßĮˉɍǾßʿΜaˑʪ¶«ǵǃK¶ţ ƕφʥʇĮˉsǾßʿΜaǵ͘ʪ¶ˑʇϩI_{1.55 umJĨГΊŲơFφίĸʿΜa} è¹_{90: 10¶̾̕ěĮKŭˀГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑΩÒFň¶˴ГĮˑМéГʽe120 MHzK} ʿΜˑłГe_{7.6 MHzKŷƟˑʪ¶īĬχʽe912 THz/sFˊsΩÒˑʪ¶çʽΦżK} ĸʐϖ¶͑̕ȏjáµŷÂζͣ¶̕ȋŏFȋŏĞˑʪ¶φί¶̾̕ěĮĨʿưĮɑ ǖƘʕ„KÂaƘʕ„ˑRɌȈΜUȽƶʐϖˑ¶̕KȻж̕Ƙʕ„ΩÒˑǬГ¤ Ęǽ¹ГΊ„aKφίͯŵǬГ¤ĘˑīĬχʽŭˀŷ¶͑̕ȏˑʐϖF Ķ1.12 ГʽīĬʪ¶ʐϖ¶͑̕ȏˑĂ˂ĶMƍĶeŲƕ¶ʢΩÒʇϩXȣϭˑ¿̏IȖʽeī ĬχʽJNĖĶe̢ίƶʐ¶̕Ğˑȣϭ-ʇϩ¿̏Ķ

Ķ1.13 łsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑ¶͑̕ȏʐϖ

ŹГīĬ¤ĘIRadio-frequency chirped waveforms: RFCWJˑ¶ţzˈțʅȫƼ ʇ¶Şţˑˤ˸ʰʮjRFťφƖȫdz˞ȣГʽϿ˝ȣϭĊˈȊčIīĬʹLJJZĔ ƒǾßIĔ̯˵LJJˑŲƕƼʇ¤ĘK΃¤ĘͩƜʆˉsЅή̧̏aKÃȽΦОˑˤ ˸ĨƟˉ‡©F̧ˑŹГīĬ¤ĘȫˊˆǐʇưĊˈĮIˌŞĮ†JzˈˑK“ šĸȐÖϬДKŚƌ™ƕŲφƖΦ•IR͏ĸ_{10 GHz ϷβJK¤ĘˑȣϭƕŲ˲Č} Þˌ޲Į†ˑϻßȟʅȬ͜ȂО̃F˘ɴˌŞţțʅK¶ţțʅzˈˑŹГīĬ¤ ĘÃȽƕŲОKįň•̃ʹʮFɝǸáȓǛμKЉΈǵɌ†VˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ÃȽ¶ ГīĬʹLJKIJɬφίʪ¶ŌƎƘʕˑțʅĔŭˀ¶ţГʽīĬÞŹГГʽīĬˑΡ ǷKȇ™̅÷ОȌF_{2018 ƚKʅĵˤ˸ţ̻ H.Guillet de Chatellus ŷ΃ʹLJζͣq΄} ̟Ĺ˂ͽÔɒĨŭННͿKφί›ˉΗ˼̝Ųʪ¶ʢĨº£«Į†ŭˀqŹГƕŲ 28 GHzKȣϭƕŲ˲ŏs 1000 ˑŹГīĬ¤ĘˑzˈKŭН̵ͪŚĶ 1.14 Ǜ˪F Г˴ĉЙʿΜϒˉΗ˼̝Ųʪ¶™e˯Şʪ¶K̢̾ěĮÔe^ɋKÂaRɋζ ¹Г˴ĉЙʿΜaKđRɋ™e¤Ę¶XΩÒˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ζͣǬГKŭˀīĬʪ ¶ÞŹГˑΡǷF¶̕˼ƕʥʇĮIƕŲe_{200 GHzJˉsǤßʿΜˑ͌ʪǵ͘K£} ͿʿΜƌ™s˯Şʪ¶˴ГˑɦƦF¶̕ȋŏĮˉsͦ®˴ГĞˑʪ¶¤ĘKȂО˴ Г¶ˑƕŲIoȫΩÒŹГ¤ĘˑƕŲJFň¶˴ГĮˉsŭˀʪ¶Гʽˑ·ßKŭ НÔeM_{1JОГ·ßKý÷`ň¶˴ГĮĨ 2J•Г·ßKý^`ň¶˴ГĮIÔÝ} ŷƟГʽUΡǷĨĨVΡǷJ^ώÔɍÔɒГ˴ϖŷΩÒŹГīĬ¤ĘˑƲĪF

Ķ1.14 ЉΈǵɌ†VˑГ˴ĉЙʿΜzˈŹГīĬ¤ĘˑŭН̵ͪMÂa TBPF eĔ·Έƕφʥ

ʇĮNEDFA e¶̕ȋŏĮNAFG eˆǐÓȑĊˈĮNAOFS eň¶˴ГĮ

Ķ1.15 Ě`ŭНĄȑŷŹГīĬ¤ĘˑƲĪMIaJ¶ГīĬˑȣϭ-Гʽͧ˪NIbJΩÒŹГī

Ĭ¤ĘˑĚ`ĄϖͧήƦ

ÔɒœΈϖ_∆𝑓𝑓
I_{𝑓𝑓
− n𝑓𝑓}
Kn ȒȑK𝑓𝑓
eʪ¶͉łГJŷΩÒīĬ¤ĘˑƲĪFĸœΈ ˑǎËVK˂ͽɦŀX͇Éʪ¶ˑ͑ȏɦŀ˘βKφίŷɴÔɒǿŸÒqœΈϖE· ßГʽƒćʿΜϩơŷŹГīĬχʽEŹГƕŲEīĬȣϭŲơˑƲĪḲɓŚĶ_1.15 IaJĨIbJǛ˪F Ķ_{1.16 Ǜ˪eWĜŹГГʽIŷƟWĜˑœΈϖJVˑŹГīĬ¤ĘˑȣŁÔƑ} ƒćŷƟˑ̫ɞ̚ÔƑFφƖK¯ϔėčǷˉsŭˀ˶ǃʇưˑȣϭŁ_-ГʽŁΡǷF ŷsЉ˶ǃʇưK¯˾ėčǷƛȟʅºЋĹÔɒÂʹLJF̼̫ɞ̚ÔƑ(Wigner Distribution Function)ƖͩˉɍÔɒЉ˶ǃ¤Ęˑȣϭ-ГʽʹLJFƮ·ßГʽe -77.353 MHz ȣIŚĶ 1.16IaJĨIcJǛ˪JKĔƒ˗ͯĹ˛ÒŹГ¤ĘˑГʽĥˀ īĬʹLJKZτʜņèFĜȣŷ΃¤Ęζ̫ͣɞ̚ÔƑͷ̆KĔƒĊˀϿ˝ȣϭˑņ èKŹГГʽϿjņèKͧȦ΃ŹГ¤ĘÃȽ̝LJГʽīĬʹLJFƮ·ßГʽϺ•͍ -77.303 MHz ȣIŚĶ 1.16IbJĨIdJǛ˪JK€ȣŁÔƑĨ̫ɞ̚ÔƑoĔƒ˗ͯ ˑ˛ÒKŹГ¤ĘĥˀȬ͜ˑīĬʹLJFXĶ1.16IaJĨ 1.16IcJ˘ɴKÂŹГī Ĭțğ˘ĉFεȫIJeƮ·ßГʽȊčȣKЉΈǵГƎ_∆𝑓𝑓
ˑ́ĘĊˈȊčI _∆𝑓𝑓
ƛɁ ȊčJKĉƟĸȣГŁUýȫŹГīĬˑțğȊčF Ķ1.16 ΩÒˑŹГīĬ¤Ę̣ɓNÂaIaJĨIbJeŹГ¤ĘȣŁÔƑĶKIcJĨIdJeʐ ϖƺÞŹГ¤Ęˑ̫ɞ̚ÔƑNIaJĨIcJˑГ˴ϖe-77.353 MHzKIbJĨIdJˑГ˴ϖe-77.303 MHz I I3JJ¶¶ГГŁŁŭŭȣȣ¯¯ϔϔėėččǷǷ

¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷφƖȫdzÜˉГʽ-ȣϭȩŹIfrequency-to-time mapping, FTMJǢɄź¶¤ĘˑçʽΊŴơIГʽJŭȣȩŹÞȣϭΤUKƒɬɍÔɒ¶¤Ę ГʽʹLJˑR˯ǢɄFƮáK¶ГŁŭȣ¯ϔėčǷIǘ̻ΆГʽ_{-ȣϭȩŹJfͬȫ} łs~Ύˑ͑ȏʹLJźWĜГʽˑ¶ʃ˝ȣϭΤÔƤF“ȫˊs~Ύˑ͑ȏȽϻKφ Ɩ¤ĘІ̢ͬί˘Ʈϩˑ͑ȏ~ΎǝĔƒźWĜГʽˑ¶ũºÔƤKεɐŏĹϻßq ΃ǢɄˑƟˉF̼Zĸ͑ȏŏżĴūˑǎËVK¶ГˑÔΫʽΘОǛІͬˑΩΛ˭ ƀΘηF 2016 ƚKʅĵţ̻ Chatellus ̃|ĸƢȣ͌ŌƎƘʕɦŀˑł˦UKˤ˸qȒȑ Talbot Ɍ†VГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑ͇ÉȣŁÔƑXʈ¹ˑ˯Şʪ¶Гʽjϭˑ¿̏K‰˜ ̣ɓŚĶ1.17 Ǜ˪F€ĶaĔƒ˛ÒKƮʈ¹ˑʪ¶ˊō`Гʽ̞ǖȣKĸГ˴ĉЙ ʿΜˑΩÒ̀K¶͇Éʃ˝ȣϭΤũ̶ĹȩŹqΩ¹ˑ˯Şʪ¶¶ΊK˂ͽUͿȦq Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽ<sub>-ȣϭȩŹʹLJF</sub> Ķ1.17 Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑʈ¹ʪ¶ГʽXΩÒʪ¶͇ÉȣŁÔƑˑ¿̏ łsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑŭȣ¯ϔėčǷŭН̵ͪŚĶ<sub>1.18 Ǜ˪Kň¶˴ГĮМéГ</sub> ʽ<sub>80 MHz ± 5 MHzK˯Şʪ¶ʇϩ1550 nmK̝Ų100 HzK¶ţƕφʥʇĮƕŲ</sub> 200 GHz K Г ˴ ĉ Й ʿ Μ ˑ ł Г 𝑓𝑓
= 12.89 MHz F ŭ Н a ň ¶ М é Г ʽ ; ū e 𝑓𝑓
= 6𝑓𝑓
= 77.34 MHzKƒʤΚʪ¶͉ˑȒȑ Talbot Ɍ†KΩÒ͇Éʪ¶FeqͿȦ Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽ-ȣϭȩŹʹLJK˯Şʪ¶µ̢ίˌ¶˘”·ßĮzˈō`Гʽέ ƕKʲĞź̢ί·ßˑ˯Şʪ¶ʈ¹ÞГ˴ĉЙʿΜaKŭН̣ɓŚĶ_{1.19 Ǜ˪FƮ} ˯Şʪ¶̢ί˘”·ßĮzˈ^`ГƎe_{450 kHzˑέƕȣKΩÒˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĸ} ȣŁUĜɛͯŵÞβ’˯Şʪ¶¶Ίˑ͇ÉÔƑFεͿȦqГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ĔƒȽȌĹ ŭˀʪ¶Гʽ_{-ȣϭˑȩŹKýŭȣ¶Ł¯ϔėčǷKZÔΫʽήÞqkHzϖ̗F}

Ķ1.18 łsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽ-ȣϭȩŹŭН̵ͪM˯Şʪ¶̢ˌ¶˘”·ßĮIEOPMJzˈ

έГKМéʢeˆǐÓȑĊˈĮIAFGJ

Ķ1.19 łsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽ-ȣϭŹГŭНĶM˯Şʪ¶ˊō`Гʽ̞ǖȣˑΩÒ͇ÉʹLJK

Âa͑͝e·ßГʽ_{50 kHzK̔͑e450 kHzK̭͑e1050 kHz} I

I4JJƼƼʇʇ¶¶ŞŞţţББŁŁMM¶¶ţţˆˆǐǐʇʇưưĊĊˈˈEEООГГƼƼʇʇ¤¤ĘĘˑˑzzˈˈ

˯ϕͬțƦFƮáK¶ţˆǐʇưĊˈōϒˉŲƕϠɦʪ¶™e¶ʢKφί͇Éǖŀ

ĮI_{Pulse ShaperJĨ͑ȏȌƟKǾß͇ɶˑŲơE˘”ĨƬơKƒŭˀˆǐ¶ţʇ}

ưˑzˈF“ȫČϻs͇ÉǖŀĮˑГΊÔΫʽI_{GHzϖ̗JKzˈˑʇưˑȣϭϩơ} φƖĸ_{nsϖ̗FβɀKChatellus ̃|Ċˀφί·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑ˯Şʪ¶ŭˀq¶} ţˆǐʇưˑĊˈFГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑŭН̣ɑŚĶ _{1.20IaJǛ˪Mʪ¶ĸʿΜa} ΩRħˑȣϭe<sub>𝜏𝜏
= 105 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛IŷƟˑʿΜłГe𝑓𝑓
= 9.482 MHzJKÜˉ^`Г˴țğ</sub> ˘ĉˑň¶˴ГĮŭˀГ˴ϖ<sub>𝑓𝑓
= 𝑓𝑓</sub>
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ɃͽȓfͬîDZ^ŏώÔÆűM1JŹГ·ßʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ˤ˸MîDZ˘ƘĈГ ʪ¶ЅήĨłsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήN_{2JГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJˤ} ˸FŹГ·ßʪ¶ЅήȫƒŹГ·ßʪ¶™eǼʐΥʇKÃȽʪ¶Ѕή˹ϭÔΫʽО ˑʹʮKĜȣąÜˉǬГzˈˑƼʇ¤ĘζͣǼʐKÃȽƼʇЅήǦŏɷǠé͆æK

ȫR˯̣ěqʪ¶ЅήĨƼʇЅήĚ͌ŒʮKąĸRū˵ơU·Ⱦr̻WΚˑR˯Ț ŀʪ¶ЅήFɃȓφίʖ¹Ôɒ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJKȂÒqłsōʐƁ˘”ʐ ΛʅĨƎГōȰìʐχʅˑ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ǽʐ–ßFeqНͿ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑО̍ơ ʐΛEʐχ͆æKȄƣq˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑĂ˂ɛɆKƛĸŌĺζͣqŭННͿFĸƤ Ƈ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ˤ˸ˑĜȣKϚŷ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJKˤ˸q÷Г˯ Şʪ¶ʈ¹Г˴ĉЙʿΜȣˑȣГʹLJĪƟKÚȚLJĹȂÒqłsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑО ϵΈʇDoppler ʐχʅĨŋěƦ͇É/ŹГʐΛʅ̃FĜȣʖ¹ˤ˸qWĜ·ß̊ŀГ ˴ĉЙʿΜˑȣГĪƟKКɨĊˀƛͿȦqłsƬơ·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑĈ͇Éʪ¶E ȣŁÔȑ_{Talbot ȌƟƒćłs˘”·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑ¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷFͽȓ¾} îġ7 ˿Kfͬˤ˸ÆűîDZM ̂R˿e̩ͽFɃ˿€Г˴ĉЙʪ¶X̧ʪ¶ˑñÝ˝ǜKÔɒqÂʻʹˑȣ ГʹLJɍʢFĸɬł˦U΄̟Ĺ~̡qГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑˤ˸ζƇKÔɒqÂĸƼʇ¶ ŞţKʪ¶Ѕή̃БŁˑˤ˸ζƇF ̂r˿e˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ˤ˸F˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήȫÜˉĸȣϭUĨ˹ϭ Uũºϕěˑ˘ƘĈГʪ¶™eǼʐʇŷ˖əˑΛ˭EχơζͣʐϖFˊs^`¶Г ʽČÞŏɷʟʎˑƲĪȫĜ˘ˑKĔƒ˘tǩʔKIJɬ΃˯–ßˑʪ¶ЅήÃȽǦŏ ɷƘǠˑ͆æFĸζͣʪ¶ǼʐȣKĈГʪ¶КµÔeɃǵʪ¶ĨǼʐʪ¶KÂaǼ ʐʪ¶™ˉs˖əͩȏŹĞˊǽȉ¶ţ̧̏ǽȉKʲĞ^Μʪ¶̢ǼʐĮǽȉKưǖ Ą̺¤ĘĨǼʐ¤ĘKÜˉ^Μ¤ĘˑГʽƎǘ˘”ƎK͚ƺ˖əˑ˘¿¤NjFIJɬ ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ÅÃʪ¶ЅήО˹ϭÔΫʽˑʹʮKą¨ϘƼʇЅήǖʵˑ¤ Ęʼn˂ǢɄKȫ̬ěqʪ¶ЅήXƼʇЅήr̻ŒêˑR˯Ț–ßʪ¶ЅήFͽȓК µ€˂ͽUˤ˸q˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑǬГįňʹLJK΄̟ÔɒqƲĪǬГ¤Ęˑįňɍ ʢIîDZʪ¶˘”įňEň¶˴Гįň̃JKȂÒq˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑŌƎƘʕįň˂ ͽɦŀF˂ͽĨŭН̣ɓĜȣͧȦKĸˣ¶̕Ƣιˑ͌ŌƎƘʕ¶ţ̧̏aKŹГ˘ ”įňĔƒ˗ǽΡǷeǬГˑ˘”įňKȫƲĪǬГįňˑȻfͬIJ̐Fĸɬł˦U ŷ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήǼʐ̧̏ˑƌ™Ă˂ĨĚ̞ǖώÔζͣqʖ¹ˑÔɒXˤ˸Kƛ ȄƣΖRŗ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήĂ˂ɛɆKĸŌĺŭˀq_{1.5km ˖əˑ 8mm ̍ơˑʐ} ϖNĜȣŷ˴é˖əˑχơζͣʐϖKНͿq˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήˑƎГōȰìʐχĂ ˂F ̂T˿ełsň¶Г˴ĉЙʿΜˑŹГ·ßʪ¶ćÂОϵΈʇōȰìʐχˤ˸F

Г˴ĉЙʪ¶ȫdzĸƖͰˑFabry-Perot ͉(ǘ̻ʿư͉)Æȃ¹˴ГĮ, ›ƺʪ¶ɳɨ φί˴ГĮȣГʽϏĊˈčïKφίÔɒĚϵΈʇƬơƒć˘”ʹLJKŭˀΗˣEΗ ОϕГ͇ÉzˈE¶Łŭȣ¯ϔėčǷE¶ţГʽɣEīĬ¶ʢXŲΊ¶ʢˑzˈ̃F ɃȓɝǸГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑρГE˴ГʹLJƣ˾qƢȣŌƎƘʕ˂ͽɦŀKȑ©‰˜q ʪ¶ʿΜϩơEň¶˴ГϖE¶̕ȋŏĮņ˓̏ȑŷŹГ·ßʪ¶ȣŁʇưĨГΊŲ ơˑƲĪFŭНUŷUμ˂ͽɦŀζͣqНͿKφίě˂;̵ʿΜϩơEň¶˴Гϖ zˈq͇ÉETͲʇEțʇ̃ʇưFeȊĭ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕήĸχơʐϖȣɐ•ōȰ ìГ˴ˑϬДKКɨȂÒqłsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶_{(FSL)ˑОϵΈʇōȰìʐχʅF΃ț} ʅȫłsГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑŹГUΡǷʹLJKÜˉzˈˑОϵŹГΈʇζͣ˖əˑ Doppler ʐϖF˘ɴs˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήKÂȽȌĹȊĭq•χ˖əˑɐ•ōȰìГ ˴ϬДKȬ͜ȂОqȻżĔǼʐχơĨχơÔΫʽF ̂İ˿ełsГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑŹГ·ß͇Éʪ¶ćÂŋěƦ͇É_{/˘”ʐΛŭНF} ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήȫÜˉōʐƁ˘”ʐΛˑțʅŭˀ˖əˑΛ˭ʐϖK“ŭНί ˵ašĸ˘”Νč̼ƧΖʐϖ΅ƎˑϬДKĜȣˊsōʐƁʐϖțʅƧ¹KŸ͎ ˌΜ;ͷΦeŋɇK˶ūLJϺ•FeqͳÊUμϬДKɃ|ȂÒqłs͇ÉVϺ ʃŹГ·ßˑŋěƦ͇É/ŹГʪ¶ʐΛǢɄK΃țʅ̣ěq̢ÄˑȣϭЗͣʅ ʐΛǢɄIÜˉ͇ÉUóʃ̌ˏʐϖJĨŹГʐΛIÜˉ͇ÉVϺʃˑŹГ̍˧ ʐϖJζͣΛ˭ʐϖKȽȌȂОq͇ÉʐΛˑΛ˭ÔΫʽFeqȽȌḶ́ěȣϭ ЗͣʅĨ˘”ʐΛʅKεͬɺʪ¶ʢІĜȣÃȽ͇ÉĨŹГ·ßʹLJFĸɬ̓ȱ VKɃ|Üˉň¶ȗʇĮɑƣГ˴ĉЙʿΜKŭˀq˶ūˑ͇ÉÆŹГ·ßFČ ϻs͇Éʪ¶çʽKǗ…φίůÆʐϖ¶̕ϩơŷ΃ŋěƦ͇É_{/˘”ʐΛʅζ} ͣqĂ˂LJНͿFȻ̠Kŭˀq1.5 km ϩơ¶̕Uˑ 3 mm ʐΛ̍ơI˘ŷʐ Λ̍ơ _{2810-6JF΃ŋěƦ͇É/ŹГʐΛțʅȫŷ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ʐΛǢɄˑȽ} Ȍͦ³KŷsО̍ơ͇Éʪ¶ʐΛζͣqȂqR˯ĔͣˑțʅF ̂u˿eГ˴ĉЙʪ¶˂ͽɦŀć‰˜ÔɒFɃ˿ɝǸWĜ·ß̊ŀˑ ΩÓȑʹLJĨʿΜˑρГʹLJKȂÒqГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑφˉ˂ͽɦŀK΃˂ͽɦ ŀĔˉsˤ˸WĜ·ß̊ŀˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑȣГŁʹLJFĸɬł˦UK΄̟Ô ɒqȒȑ Talbot Ɍ†ĨÔȑ Talbot Ɍ†VˑƬơ·ßĨ˘”·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜ ˑΩÒʹLJKȑ©‰˜·ßГʽE·ßʖơE«̵˘”EʿΜłГĨ˯Şʪ¶Г ʽ̃IJ̐ŷΩÒʇưˑƲĪKКɨȂÒqłsˌ¶Ƭơ·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑĈ͇

É˂ͽɦŀĨȣŁÔȑ Talbot ȌƟƒćłsˌ¶˘”·ßГ˴ĉЙʿΜˑГʽ-ȣϭȩŹʹLJF ̂¼˿eГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ŭНFĸ̂u˿˂ͽÔɒˑł˦UKζRɭƤƇŭН ˤ˸KНͿłsĈέƕ·ßˑГ˴ĉЙʪ¶ˑȣГʹLJKfͬîDZłsˌ¶Ƭơ·ß ˑĈ͇ÉʹLJKȣŁÔȑ_{Talbot ȌƟĨłsˌ¶˘”·ßˑʪ¶Гʽ-ȣϭȩŹʹLJF} ŭН̣ɓX˂ͽÔɒЉƖĤěKeОϕГ͇ÉzˈEˆǐʇưĊˈE¶Łŭȣ¯ϔė čǷ̃ȂqR˯ȚˑDŽΜF ̂S˿eºȓLj̣F

第

第

2 章

章

基

基于

于声

声光

光移

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频的

的相

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干双

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频激

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雷达

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2.1 引

引言

言

˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήȫÜˉĸȣϭUĨ˹ϭUũºϕěˑ˘ƘĈГʪ¶™eǼʐ ʇŷ˖əˑΛ˭EχơζͣʐϖFˊs^`¶ГʽČÞŏɷʟʎˑƲĪȫĜ˘ˑKĔ ƒ˘tǩʔKIJɬ΃–ßˑʪ¶ЅήÃȽΦОˑǦŏɷƘǠ͆æFĸζͣʪ¶ǼʐȣK ĈГʪ¶КµÔeɃǵʪ¶ĨǼʐʪ¶KÂaǼʐʪ¶̢˖əͩȏŹĞˊǽȉ¶ţ̏ ̧ǽȉKʲĞ̢ί¶ˌΡǷưǖĄ̺¤ĘĨǼʐ¤ĘKÜˉ^Μ¤ĘˑГʽƎǘ˘” ƎK͚ƺ˖əˑ˘¿¤NjFIJɬ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ÅÃʪ¶ЅήО˹ϭÔΫʽˑ ʹʮKą¨ϘƼʇЅήǖʵˑ¤Ęʼn˂ǢɄKȫ̬ěqʪ¶ЅήXƼʇЅήr̻Œê ˑR˯Ț–ßʪ¶ЅήF ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ȫdzRɋʪ¶aĜȣġȽ^`Оơ˘Ƙˑ¶ţГʽI_𝜔𝜔
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JKφ ί¶ţǬГI_{𝜔𝜔
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JˑțƦŭˀ¶ţГʽÞŹГIǘƼʇJˑΡǷF˖á˘ƘĈ Гʪ¶ˑzˈțƦȽͼō˯KŚłsň¶˴ГˑЛΔȹƽž͌ŌƎƘʕ„I_MZ-DSHIJE Ĉ_{λ/4ʇʶIĈǧŹȌƟJEńȸȌƟ̃KÂaΦeǖʵˑR˯țʅȫź÷Гθ̪ʪ¶} Ôe^ɋKÂaRɋ¶φίň¶˴ГĮ†ȊčÂГʽKÇź^ɋ¶ζͣěɋK΃̣ɑ φƖ˳jeЛΔȹƽž͌ŌƎƘʕ„Fˊs^ɋʪ¶φίqWĜˑΩΜƵKĸěƛ eRɋȣšĸRūˑƢιȣϭKεĸRū˵ơƲĪǬГ¤Ęˑ̙ÌơFЛΔȹƽž ͌ŌƎƘʕ„IMZ-DSHIJȫR˯Äŀˑ¶ţƘʕ„KÂƜʆƟˉsʪ¶˘”įňʐ ϖĨ¶ţ˘ƘȘƅǟȁ̃БŁFĸUμƟˉaKǬГˑ˘”įňÞqƜʆˑˤ˸KŚ Armstrong˂ͽÔɒq^ɋʪ¶˘”Љɫx«̵ǎËVˑɥʽŴơÓȑĨ˘”ΊÓȑN MohammadǿŸqʪ¶ГʽįňEːįňƒć÷ɦ¶͑̕ȏŷƘʕ„̧̏ˑƲĪKƛ ƺÞqįňçʽΊÔƑÓȑ̃FϿ˝ˤ˸ˑʖ¹KφίĸƘʕ„ˑRɋ¶ΜUƧ¹Г ʽ·ßĮ†KĔƒźǬГaƾГʽ€ЄГ”˴͍·ßˑŹГʇɰK΃țʅȬ͜Ϻ•q ЄГϷβįňŷ̧̏ʐϖˑƲĪFɃ˿φί;ͷЛΔȹƽž͌ŌƎƘʕ„ŭˀq÷Г θ̪ʪ¶ğ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑΡǷKƛZɝǸϿɆί˵˂ͽǿŸq˘ƘĈГʪ¶ˑǬГ ¤ĘçʽΊŴơĨ˘”įňÔƑˑͧήƦK΄̟Ôɒqʪ¶̝ŲEň¶ŹГʢ̝ŲĨ Ƣιȣϭŷ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ǬГˑƲĪF˂ͽ̣ɓͧȦKĸˣ¶̕ƢιˑЛΔȹƽž͌ ŌƎƘʕ¶ţ̧̏aKŹГ˘”įňĔƒ˗ǽΡǷeǬГˑ˘”įňKȫƲĪǬГį

ňˑȻfͬIJ̐FĸÔɒqĈГʪ¶˘”įňˑł˦UζRɭǼ̑˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή ĸΛ˭EχơǼʐțЋˑLJ͆F ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏fͬîDZİ`ώÔKÔÝe˘ƘĈГʪ¶¶ʢEʪ¶ĊŹ /ǽȉώÔE¶ˌǼʐ̧̏Ĩ¤Ęʼn˂ćȬǾ̧̏FÂaK˘ƘĈГʪ¶ȫÜˉŌ·ß ň¶˴ГĮ̞ǖ¶̕ЛΔȹƽžI<sub>MZJƘʕ„Kŭˀq÷Гθ̪ʪ¶Þ˘ƘĈГʪ</sub> ¶ˑΡǷFʪ¶ĊŹώÔÜˉÔɋɴe<sub>1:99¶̾̕ěĮź˘ƘĈГʪ¶ÔǖĄ̺¶ɋ</sub> ĨǼʐ¶ɋKǼʐ¶ɋ̢¶̕ȋŏĮȋŏĞˊĊŹ¶ţ̧̏ĊŹ͍Ǽʐ˖əUFǽȉ ¶ţ̧̏ź˖əȏŹıɍˑ¶¤Ę˗ǽ̾ěζōɦ¶̕aF¶ˌǼʐ̧̏ũǖǼʐ¶ ɋĨĄ̺¶ɋˑ¶ˌΡǷKƛǤßĚ˯įňKȂОǬГ¤Ęˑ¤įɴF¤Ęʼn˂ώÔ ÔeT`ϵɰM̂Rϵɰȫŷ¶ˌǼʐĮΩÒˑǬГ¤Ęζͣɦǯʼn˂KfͬîDZŹ Г•įňȋŏEʘГĨʥʇF̂rϵɰȫŷaГ¤ĘζͣȑŠïʼn˂KũǖȑŠ¤Ę ˑʥʇĔʅʼn˂̃ƌ™FȻĞR`ϵɰȫɝǸ̆ʅʐϖ˖əˑΛ˭Eχỡ¤NjF Ƀ˿φί΄̟Ôɒ˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή̧̏ˑǼʐĂ˂Ẹɑ̞ǖKˤ˸qłsº˘” FFTΊÔɒˑ˘”ʐΛʅĨłsǬГōȰìГ˴ˑʐχʅKũǖq˘ƘĈГʪ¶Ѕή ˑȒ–țɠ;ͷKȄƣΖRŗ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ЅήĂ˂ɛɆKƛĸŌĺŭˀq_{1.5 km˖} əˑ8 mmˑʐϖ̍ơKȬ͜ȂОqŌĺʐϖΛ˭FĜȣKÜˉ˘ƘĈГʪ¶ŌƎƘʕ zˈˑŹГ¤Ęŭˀq˴é˖əˑχơʐϖKʐϖ̍ơŒs_{0.5 m/sF}

2.2 相

相干

干双

双频

频激

激光

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源以

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声分

分析

析：

：

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