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Cognitive functioning and decline in relation to urban environmental characteristics

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12/18/2018

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Cognitive Functioning and

Decline in Relation to Urban

Environmental Characteristics

Anja Leist, University of Luxembourg

H2020 MINDMAP Workshop ‘Promoting mental

well-being and healthy ageing in cities’, 30 November 2018,

Rotterdam

Absence of  environmental toxins Opportunities for play  and exploration Quality of schooling Cultural, social  activities, sports • Occupational  complexity • Commute between  work, home, leisure Aging in place Social integration  versus isolation

Cognitive Reserve as Guiding Framework to

Explore the Role of Urban Characteristics

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URBAN CHARACTERISTICS • Walkability • Complexity • Cognitive‐friendly environments • Recreational activities • Green and blue spaces/Nature availability

Early Childhood Education Working Life Later Life

COGNITIVE STIMULATION IN CITIES AND  COGNITIVE HEALTH

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How much ‘city’ are older adults actually

being exposed to?  Concept of Life-space

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L3: Neighborhood

L0: Room L1: Other rooms of home L2: Porch, hallway, garage L5: Outside town L4: Outside neighborhood COMMON MEASURES  OF URBAN  CHARACTERISTICS • Affluence,  deprivation • Land‐use mix • Community  centres • Micro‐scale  …. Do these measures  capture the urban  characteristics within  reach of older adults? Historic and Cohort‐specific (Life‐course)  Exposures • Lead in petrol • Cumulative effects of living in high‐ and low‐SES        neighborhoods • Probability of being       exposed to heavy‐ traffic roads • Self‐selection into  neighborhoods Air pollution • Proximity to heavy‐traffic road • Measures of pollutants • (Noise pollution)

Life-Course Exposures Make Causal

Inference Tricky

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Relevant Concepts

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• Complexity to conceptualize cognitive-friendly environments

• Compact cities

• Child-friendly cities

• Age-friendly cities, dementia-friendly cities

• Mobility (disablement process)

• Environmental restorative properties (green space)

• Epigenetics, ecodiversity, aerobiology?

Equity Perspective Beyond Cumulative

(Dis)Advantage

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Individual

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