Development of the refractory products industry in North Africa

UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC and SOCIAL .\ COUIfCIL

ECONOMIC CO~1ISSION FOR aFRICrl

Distr.

LIHITED

E/CN.1VINR/WP/1

10 February 1969

ENGLISH

Original; FRENCH

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEF~CTORY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY IN NORTH aFRICa

M69-1024

TABIE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE CURRENT SITUATION

3. PROJECTION OF FUT\ffiE DENAlID 1) Indirect mothod

2) Direct aeseeonent

2.1 Requircmcnto in refractory products of the cement IndUJ3tr.Y

'2.2 Req'xiremnnta in rofractor"J products of the ceramics industry

2.3 Ro~uiremcnts in _rofract~productc of the metallurgioal induntry

2.4 R~uirements in refractory products of tho glaee induotry

2.5 Total requirements in refrC1ctory products of north Africa

4. ImJTS

t ) Raw materials 2) Elcctricity

3) Fuel

4) Unit priceo of .r-of'z-nctor-v rroducte

5. ~1AIN ECONONIC FEATURES OF THE NEvI FACTORIES 6. SU!'rnARY

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3 to 4 4 to 6

6 to 15 6

fl 8

9 9 10

11

15 to 18 15 16 17 18

19 to 21 21 to 22

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P"€,, 2

ANNEX I

Refrao.tory products - foreign trade, domestic production and con- sumption in North Africa

ANNEX II

Breakdown of expenditure involved in the manufacture of refractory products in North Africa

ANNEX III

23

24 to 25

Refractory products in the United Arab Republic·- production, dema~d,

employment and investments 1560-1966 p~

..

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1. INrRODUCTION

Industry and handicraft production require refractory products in all cases where use is made of temreratures above 800-1000⁰

c.

Ilhen a refractory product is required, use io made particul~rly of ceramic material in the form of bricks, stcnes, granular refractory material and refractory mortars. The chief consumers of refractory products are the metallurgical industry, the bUilding materials industry, glaso- works and energy. In principle, refractory products may be divided on the basis of their chemical conposition or the raw mat~rials used in their preparation. The commonest and most important are:

llefractory fire clay;

Magnesite in MgC03,

Chro~i~~·magnesite (~gC03 with chromite), Quartz dinas Qr quartzite;

Graphite.

Less common but equally important are the refractory products from mullite, sillimanite (andalusite and disthene), silicium carbide and a few others. IJlhe needs of the various .indus t.ri cs are as follows:

Metallurgical industry: Fire clay, magnesite, chromium- magnesite, dolomite, dinas

Ceme~t and limestone industry: Fire clay and magnesite

Glass industry: Fire clay, dinas

Aluminium industry; Fire olay

Energy: Fire clay

In certain cases, one type of refractory product may be sub- stltuted for another, up to a cGrtain ~oint.

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Refractory products are divided into the BTN a.nd SITC groups, BTN

69--02-00

69-03-00

SITC 662.3(2)

663.7

Other refractory bricks, etc,

Refractory cements or mortars.

Refractory prcducts other than refrastory construc- tion materials (e.g.

rc ~ort~; .r-uci bles, muffles, nozzles, plugs,

suvports, tubes, pipes?

shea"ths,l'ods).

Refractory bricks, blocks, tiles and similar re- fractory constructional goods.

Other refractory goods

(~.g. retorts, crucibles, muffl88, nozzles, plugs, supports, tubes, pipes, sheaths, rods).

2. THE CURRENT SITUATION

Refractory products are at present made in Mor·ncco and in the United Arab Republic. The other North African countries do not manu- facture refractory products, and their r equi r-ementa ar-e in all respects over-supplied by iwported products, with the partial exception of so-

called refractory bricks for th~ brick industry, which are used inside

the brickworks themselves for makins circular brick kilns of the Hoffman type.

In North Africa, the plants that are at present manufacturing refractory products are the folloWing'

Morocco,

SNAFREC - -the Soci~te Marocaine de Produits R~fractaires et C~ramiques

at Casablanca - which manufacGures refractory [roducts with an alumina content of up to 77··82 pc:::' cent A1 203' The capacity of this :plant is 12,000 tons per year of fire clay. Domestic raw materials are used by the plant to the extent of approximately 25-30 per csnt.

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E!CN.14!INR!hF!1 Fage 5

Uni ted Arab_1.':epublic

SORNAGA - the Societe EI NasI' - WhICh manufactures refr~ctory products and ston~ware. The plant prOQUc85 mortars, bricks, blocks, crucibles and other goods of fire clay with an alumIna content of as much as 72 per cent Al 203 • in addition to the silIca, magnesite, magnesite-chromium, chromium-magnesite and chromite content.

Imports into North Africa which are classified in groups 662.3(2) and 663.7 are shown in Annex I, together wi th exports, .domestr c production and consumption. It should be pointed out that, in certain cases, re- fractory products employed in errecting new plants are not included in the import figures.

Among the refractory products listed in the SIT'C and BTN

Nomenclatures, group 662.3(1) or 69-01-00, covering heat-insulating goods, will be found. These insulating materials are not refractory products, and the solution must be sought separately. For example, where metallurgy is concerned, slag fibre or basaltic fibre could be produced, which

might be substituted for infusional earth products up to a certain point.

During the period under consideration, the consumption of re- fractcry prod4~~s in Algeria shows a falling trend which corresponds with the decline in the national economy.. In the Algerian foreign trade statistics, only group 662.3 - refractory,products and .heat-insulating goods taken together - appears, and this distorts the picture of refractory products consum~tion. In M~rocco, the tr.end is upwards with a growth rate of about 7.3 per cent each year. In Tunisia, there is likewise a rising trend with a growth rate of approximately 25.7 per cent per year, which is linked with the expansion of the building materials industry _ brickworks with tunnel kilns, reconstruction of cement works, etc ••••

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The trend in refractory products consumption in Sudan is not clear, because the statistics cover im~orts only for the years 1964 and 1965.

with imports varying very widely.

3. FROJEGTION OF FUTURE ~;AND

To evaluate future needs in refractory products, two projection methods may be used in principle, and these are given below:

(a) An evaluation may be made of the growth of industries using refractory products, and the projection of this evaluation used to ascertain the needs in refractory products;

(b) A direct computation may be made of the _cons~ption in respect of industries making the greatesi use of refractory products, and an estimate, drawn up of the needs of other industries.

(1) Indirect method:

According to this method, the growth rat~ of industry in North Africa during the period 1964-1980 should be as follows:

TABLE 1

..

_----

^{.- ...--_.-.-~ --~.._.~...}

--

^."

^--_

^{. _.-.,~}••• _> • •_ . _ - - - _ •• - .---_._-.-..

-

1964-1970 197i):-1972. _19P,:l98~

",32

64- 1982

__

Algeria 4.47'- 5·01- 5.5jo _4.9~

Libya 14.9}~ 6.8% 6.9% 9.810

Morocco 4.0% 5.

Ofo

6.0% 4.9jo

Tunisia 5.7,/0 6.310 6.87' 6.2jo

Sudan 4.0% 5·

Ofo

6·010 4.9%

United Arab

Republic 5.5jo 6.070 7.OJ;. 6.1'/0

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Consumption of refractory products in 1964, the base year, may be establish8d as follows,

Algeria 1,700 tons per yea!'

Libya 70

.. _{" "}

Morocco 4,000

.. .. _"

Tunisia 4,100

" " ..

Sudan 500

.. .. _."

United Arab Republic 71,COO

"

^"

..

('O-E'ClT

If we assume that the growth rate of requirements in refractcry products is the same as that in industry, we arrive at the following requirements for the period 1964-1980,

TABLE 2

in North Africa (in tons)

1964-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 ... _{~§~-198~_}

Algeria 2,200 2,800 3,660 3,654

. Libya 160 220 310 312

Morocco 5,060 6,460 8,640 8,600 ,

i

Tunisia 5,720 7,760 10,700 10,732 ,

.'i

Sudan 630 800 1,070 1,075

United Arab

Republic 98,000 130,000 183,000 183,000 ^"....

. ---_.---'

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.0.

E/CN.14/INJ0IP/1

Pal) 8

(2) Direct assessment

The chief consumers of refraotory products are the metallurgical in industry, the building materials industry - especially the cement, glass, brick and ceramics industries - energy, and steam-operated power stations.

The requirements of these industries in refractory products a.re a.S follows:

2.1 Requirements in refractory products of the cement industry^{0 . _• • • • • • •} On the average, we may reckon on the need per unit of

about 1.5 to 1.7 kgs. of refractory products per ton of cement or clinker.

The refractory products used are overwhelmingly of fire clay, and it is only in the baking zone that use is made in certain cases of magnesite or a type of fire clay stones with a high percentage of alumina - in other words, fire clay of the highest quality.

Cement production and requirements in refractory products are indicated in Table 3:

TABLE 3

- - - _

^..

_.

^....

_-_._.

Cement production in 1000s of tons

5,300 7,950 3,780

5,840 8,770 3,915

Consumption of refractory __ . :yrodu~~in t?E.~__ ,,__ ._.._

1,500 2,100, _1+~3;) ,770 1,120: 675

, 1,100 1,450!,

540 820 135

4,770 6,570 3,195

,

.. ' 1964~,---,,--,-_,,:,,,,:,1970 1975 .1980 ;1

~+,400 -1.'900: 1,125 1,5CO 2,100 2,850, 270 1,65 0 2,175

i

,

1,650 2,250 3,150j 810 1,155 1,680

i

I

5,550: 7,950 11,925 ¹ 570 810. 1,230

I

I

i

4,230 7,155 9,855!

~,120 8,760 _lJ~155

I

i

750. 1,000 180 930 i, 1,100

450 ; 540 2,520 3,700 90,,, 380

j

2,130; 2,820

2,610.4,080 Algeria

Libya

Tunisia Morooco

UAR Sudan Maghrib UAR and Sudan

Sub-region 4,740 6,900 10,61015,340,7,110 10,35 0 15,915__23_t0 1Q..

E/CN.14!INR/WP!1 Page 9

2.2 . Re"{lliI:E3mel1t s. in refr:,:"!,,r;>'...^{pr()d,uc~s Of} the ceramics i..The refractory products required in the manufacture ofn.~ustry

..

ceramics depend upon the type of ceramics concerned. we may reckon with approximately the following requirements,

Fine ceramics Ceramic stoneware

3 to 5 kgs. per ton -)

) 3 kgs. per ton 1.5 to 2 kgs. per ton) on average

Ceramics production and consumption of refractory products will be found in Table

4.

TABLE 4

18 46

98 63

80 344

442

Ceramics production [Consurnpti on of refractory.

(in tons) Iproducts (in tons)

-- .~----"-.----~-..^---~,,. .r-r-: .-_.__._._.._-_... - _._ ..._-_..._-- 1964 1970 11975 :1980 11964 :1970 \ 1975

i

¹⁹⁸⁰

250!9,000!12,000h6,600 10.85 127

r-;T'~~'

!

! I

I :

I -

:36,000 146,000 1'1,500

i

^{1108 I 138 185}

i

! I I i I

- i

9,000 114,000 121,000 I I 27 I 42

I I I I I

1,800, 8,000 \11,000 115,400 ;5.4 [_ 24 ^J! 33

; I :

i

- i

^4,000

I

4,oOO! 6,200

i- /

¹²

I

¹²

9,400 ;13,500 118,600 126,500 128.2 -

!

41 I 56

I I , ,

I I

. ,

: ~

2,050 :62,000 !83,OOO !114,500 16.2 1186

!

249

I , - I

I

^,I

, I ,

9,400117,500 :22,600132,700 128.2 I 53

!

68

~ : I : I 1

11,450 :79,500 ;lOsQool147200 ;34.4 1239 1317

I I I

- - ' ' - - . , _~_.... _ i _* . . . _ _~_~_!.., ...:...._ _ . .•_ _ ... __._.,

Libya Algeria

Tunisia Morocco

UAR Sudan

Maghrib UAR and Sudan Sub-region

2.3 F(e.glJiJ:'ernent" ..in ,refr13,Qim:y prpQ1.l.ct.$..Q{ _th",_~tR.U.lU:gi9.";I.

indus.try

The consumption of refractory products in metallurgy varies widely and is dependent upon a number of factors. In an inte-

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Page 10 .

grated process of steel manufacture, we may reckon ";i th consumption of ''0 to 70 kgs -. of different refractory products for every ton of

..

^{' " .,.}

steel produced. Steel production and consumption of refractory products may be envisaged as shown below:

TABLE 5

Steel production and~ir8mentsin refractor~_~~~~s

--- _

^....

Algeria Morocco Tunisia

United Arab Republic

Su~region

Steel production (in 1000s of to?!)

1975 1980

300

I I

⁴⁵⁰

250 3M

150 220

1,500 2,25 0 2,200 3 ;300

Consumption of refractory!I

products (in ton~___ .

I

1975 1980

21,000 31,500 17,500 26,600 10,500 15,400 105,000 157,500 154,000 231,000

•

Consumption of refraqtory products in the glass industry may amount to approximately 10 kgs •. of such products per ton of

saleable production. Glass production and consumption of refractory products are indicated in Table 6 below,

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E!CN.14!lNR!WP/1 Fage 11

TABLE "

----~--

- - -

---^---

--- --

, 11975

i

Libya

--,--- --- ----

j

IConsumption of refrao- ItOry produots in 1980

(in tons)

Morocoo Tunisia Sudan

United Arab Replrlblio Maghrib DAR + Sudan Sub-region

2.5

, 7,200 I! 6,000II

I

54,90011

I

,

51,200'

I

Total requirements in refraotory produots of North Africa

_ . , '.~'-"'--'--,"--.

__

^{. ._-...},_.-~_. _.---~.~

---_._-

^~ _._- ....^-

-_._

...

"

Requirements in refractory produots for metallurgy, the

Algeria

cemerrt industry, the ceramics and g-lass industries, as well as for

other :ndustries, are indicated in Table 7'

TABLE 7

Total consumption of refractory products in 1'75 and in 1980 in tons - - - : - ---"13UTI(liiig'----0

ther-lri-::----'l'01"rcOii=---

- : Metallurgy materials dustries __ _sumption

_ _ _ _ __~ 1975 : 19§0 ,127.5_.:...12.~0-J:21519frO ^d" 1975 _1~8o. . 21,000 31,5002,540^i3,440 1,020;1,380 24,560,36,320 Libya

,

1,890;2,510- 760,1,000 2,650ⁱ 3,510 Morocco

Tunisia

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17,5002',600 2,640 3,720,1,060;1)480 21,200 31,800 10,500 15,400 1,320'11

2.1.0.":"._

530 760 12,350 181°70

E/CN.14/lNR/'tIP/1

Page 12

,

TABLE

7

(contd).

lIJetallurgy Building rnatBrjaIs

Other in- ,1ustries,

Total con- , sumption

105,000 !57,000 United Arab

Republic Sudan

1975' 1980 ,1975 1980: 1975 1980 : 1975₁ ' 1980_{1 - _..}

_.~.

~9,UO,

^13,64°:

3~680l

)5.460\ 117,890 176,100,

, I : ' ,

. ~ ^{I '}

i ;

980: 1,460' 3901 580 1,370: 2,040:

4,620, 60,760 i

,

8,390 11,570' 3,370_{. I}

49,000\ 73,500

,

_{, .}

105,000,157,50010,19015,1004,070, 6,040119,260' 178,640 154,000 231,000

18,580~6,670:7,4401~0,660

180,020268,330 Sub-region

Maghrib UAR + Sudan

Note: Consumption by other industries is assessed at 40 per cent of consumptioriby the bu.i.Ldi ng ma-bez-LaLs group,.,

In ord~r to provide a breakdown of the various r~ractory products, it isnecessary:to cotti~der two groups: metallurgy and other in-

dustries. The breakdown of refraotory products depends to a large extent upon ciroumstanoes. In this case, we may take the figures re- lating to the United Kingdom in 1965, where with prodHction amounting to 20 million tons of finished steel, consumption of refractory pro- ducts was 65,12 kgs. per ton. The breakdown was as follows:

Bricks and blocks dinas 94,500 tons

fire clay 493,600

"

^{38.0 II II}

•

super 'fire clay 47,700 ^II 3.6

"

^II

magnesite 70,400 ^II 5.4 ^{II II}

magnesite-chromium 16,100 ^II 1.2

" "

chromium 1,000

"

^0.1

^"

^II

chromium-magnesite 103,400 ^II 7.9

" ..

Granulated refrac-

tory products

-

burrrn magnesite ⁿ 115.,700

"

^8.9

" "

~ burnt dolomi t,e 360,000

..

_{27 .6}

_"

^II

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Divided into groups of basic materials:

silica bricks (dinas) 7.3 ^{per cent}

fire clay 41.6

" "

magn~site and chromium 23.5

" ^"

dolomi'ie 27.6

" ^"

The requirements in refractory products of other industries are generally met with fire clay. In any case, we can reckon that the cement i;dustry requires 10 per cent of cnr-omi um-rnagneei.te and the glassworks 15 per cent of dinas.

all industries is as follows:

Thus, the complete breakdown for

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TABLE 8

Breakdown o~refractory products in 1975 and in IJ80 (in 1000 tons)

E/CN.14/INR/WP/1, Page 14

The percentages shown for the various refractory products in Table 8 reflect the ccnditions existing in' other countries where there is also' a metallurgical industry besides various other industries.

The twc methods of projection have given us different results.

The second method appears preferable, in vi~w of the fact that it is based on direct~valuation, which is accurate, whereas, the first method reckons with growth occurring in the whole of the industry, and applies the same growth rates to the consumption of refractory pr.ducts as to industry itself. When the establishment of new industries which are at present virtually non-existent in North Africa is proposed - such as, for example, the iron and steel industry - it must be reckoned that con- sumption of refractory products will increase mere rapidly than the development indicated by the first method. Consequently, the seoond method will be used to prcject demand for refractory products, country by country.

At the present time, factories making refractory products are to be found only in Morocco and the United Arab Republic. The capacity of the Casablanca factory is about 12,000 tons, and that of the factories in the United Arab Republic totals 75,000 tons.

In the future, the largest conSumer of refractory products will be the metallurgical industry. Owing to the fact that the threshold of

..

profitability for a plant manufacturing refractory products is approxi- mately 8,000 tons per year, and that in the future we must reckon, ^' wit~

a threshold figure of 12,000 tens per year, it will not be possible to establish

a

'refractory pro'ducts industry during the per~od under con- sideration in any North African country that does" not have a metallurgical industry. This applies to Libya and SUdan, because the markets in t~ose

countries are not large enough to justify establishment of a factory.

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Page 15 ' Requirements.for new c&!'acity, 0xistingcapacity and re- quirements in refractory products in 1780 are shown 'in Table 7'

TABLE ;I

Estimated requirements for new capacity in 1980

Existing capaci ty (in tons)

Requirements for refrac- tory products in 1980

New capa- city required

Proposed Fire clay

plants Other

Algeria 37,000 37,000 20,000 + ^20,000

Libya _3,550 3,550

..

-

^.

Morocco 12,000 32,000 20,000 6,000 + ^15,000

Tunisia 18,300 18,300 10,000 + ^10,000

Sudan 2,150 2,150

Uni ted Arab

ReFubli<L: 75,000 176,000 101,000 40,000 + ^60,000.

---'._--_

, ^....

__ .---_._--_.

^__.

----._"- ---

^...--_.

__

^._.- '-~~ .."--'

Total 87.000 2"9,000 182,000 76,000 ·105,O~_O_

It must be mention8d that th~ new capacity required, as shown in Table 9, relates only to general maintenance.

exports are included.

4. INPUTS

(1) Raw materials:

Neither investment nor

It may be noted that at present deposits of raw materials in North Africa are not known, b~cause geological investigation has

scarcely concerned itself at all with their existence. It is probable that deposits of refractory clays, quartz stone and dolomite exist in

-'1' ....

Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

chrcmite and magnesite.

There are prob"bly nc deposits of

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Knowledge concernlng deposits of rJ.w materials is inadequate, and full information must be acquired. At all events, we may assume that raw materiale for fire clay, din~s and perhaps for dolomite re- fractories may be found, but it.is necessary to reckon with a propor-

tion of these raw materials havin6 to be im~orted, especially those of high quali ty. Imports2of magnesite and chromite must be envisaged.

Froposed new factories'_{~_..}_-_._-_._--~-'~_.._._._.

The assessment of demand for refractory pr-oducts in 1980 ^in.dicates

the necessity of putting forward prcposals for the establishment of a 'refractory products industry in North Africa. In the first pl~ce, the requirements of the metallurgical industry should be met by the ind~stry

itself, or by special pl~nts built to meet metallurgical needs. It would be for these plants to supply other industries with refractory

products. Naturally, we must reckon with a certain degree of specializa- tion by these plants, but such matters cannot be decided in this pre- liminary general study, in which we are mainly concerned with considering

,

.

the viability of the refractory products Lndustz-y,

Before embarking on calculations, it is necessary to lay down certain ~rerequisites in view of the fact that raw materials deposits and' other inputs are not really known.

It may be assumed th~t raw materials for dinas, refractory fire clay and dolomite m~y be found, but it is necsosary to reckon with the necessity of importing 30 per cent of refractory clays. Total re- quirements of magnesite and chromite will have to be imported.

(2) Elec't^r-tci ty,

The costs of electricity are shown in the United Nations document enti tIed "Report of the ECkIndustrial

Co-ordinAt~on ~dss~on,

to JilgCria,1I

11

E!CN.14!248 dated 5.2.1964

E/CN.l4/INR/~F/1 Fagel?

Libya, Nor-ecce and. Tun::'si.::l" ^fOT consumers with a maximum consumption of the order of 40 r',Wh, ,os follows:

Algeria 17.20 cent. ~;F!kWh or ;i34.4!1000 kWh

]/lQrocco 20.80 cent. NF/kWh or $41. 3/1000 kWh Tunisia 18.10 ^{c cnt ,} NF!kWh or J:.36.2/1000 kWh

DAh (estirr.Clted) $32 /1000 kWh

(3) Fuel:

The cost of fuel differs very hidely dS botween the different North Afric,~n countries. The world pric~ of fuel oil is approximately

n4

^{per ton.} At preseat, fuel oil costing $26.7 per ton

is

^beinG

used in the Tunisian brickworks. For the ~urposes of our computations, we sh"ll t~ke elG a belsis the followine prioes derived from the foreign

tr~de statistios:

Algeri::t _~25.5 per ton

Morace.:. $18.8 por ton

.1"'!

Tunisia $26·7 per ton

DilR $16.0 per ton

In

^{future, \cit:; must rc;ckon with l~ss hibh costs, not} Bxceet;li~€;

~16 per ton. It has not Ydt been est~blished that it will be possible to use natur~l g&s. ~lG US0 of this fu~l is vory Qdv~nta~~OU8 and

eh8~r, bee~us~ th~ Gquiv_lent of one ton of fUGl oil - th~t is, 1000 ou.m. - oosts only ~6 to ~8 per 1000 ou.m. If tn6 possibility exists of emj.Loyi n.; this nc tura I [COS in th~ manu rac tur-o o:f refr~otory pr-odscts , it will gre~tly ber,ofit the economics of th~ factory. Th' produce 1 kg.

of refr~ctory ~roducts, 1,800 ~o~l. ar~ r0qui~ed, which is equivalent to ~ consumftion of 0.1875

kt.

of fuel oil tc [roduce 1 kg. of re-

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P~ 18

fr~ctory products. (1 kg. of fuel oil ~ 9,600 kcal/kg.)~

(4) Unit prices of refr~ctory'products,

According to an l;,CA docum<>nt entitled "lJevelopment of the .Heel Industry in East and Cen^tr-aL Africa"

~

the unit prices of refractory products Qre 2S follows:

Chromium-magnesite bricks :in70 per ton Calcined dolomite ^,~ 80

" "

Fire clay bricks

" '"

⁷⁰

" "

Dinas bricks $.90

" "

According to the "UN World Trade Annu"l" (1563), costs are

3.S follows:

276.21 Refr'wtory clews ~; 15.7-~<'2·5 per ton 276.23 Dclomi te ^"_{" 9.2-~;36.5}

" "

276.24 Magnesit~

s

43.5-if63.0

"

^1/

662.32 Refractory bricks

'"

^" 00.0-1.268.0

"

^1/

662.33 Refr:octo:r;-y morti.1rs _~ 42.4-~225.0 ^{1/ 1/}

663.7 Other rofr'"ctory products U32·o-~505.0 ^{1/ 1/}

1/

E/CN.14!INR/87 pate 117

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E!CN.14!INR!WF!1 Page 19

5. MAIN ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE NEW FACTORIES

The manufacturin€; programme, expressed in tons per ye'J.r, is

2,000 7,000 6,000 9,000

Alg".ria 20,000

8,000

...•-. . .

_----_. ^{.,--_. -}

^..._-;-_._..

_ ^{.. , .,._._--}

Morocco

i

Tunisia

i

UAR

I

^Total

6,000

~

^10,000 40,000' 76,000

I

^{4,000 18,000}

i

^36,000

I

^{4,000.,: 35,000 55,000}

1

.. _..

~-=3::.J!L.:0:.:G:':O'---r-....::.~:...;.._-:i,-::.2.!.,

0;:..0::,.0_1 7,000 ^I 14,000

i.

..:..:..:...;..__.__i.

40,OO~. 3~!~9~_ ._ _3~,??0._..l_~00,?OO_il~l,OOO_..

Magnesi te Dolomite Dinas

as follows:

Fire clay

Total

Losses during firing:

,

ffia.gnesite 57 per ^cent (ratio

-

^2.3256)

dolomi te 50.5 ⁿ

"

^{(r ati o 2.0202)}

clay 5 ^u " (ratio 1.053 ) apprvxim2.tely

Requir~rnento in r3W materials in tons per _ye~r are as follows:

Total

80,000 ; Z16 per ton

._--_._--_

^.••..

41,9 00

I i

^{83,800 ;} ~40 per ton

l ^j

70,7001111,100 : _~15 per ton

i I

7,000

,

I 14,000 ,~12^' per ton 2,000

8,100 2,000

14,100 18,600 II 14,000 18,200

3,000

i .

_______;-.:;.A:.:l""'geri~ Morocco+-Tunis~,:+-..!:!.AR

.-+...::..::...:c:=-__

Un~_bry ^{cost !,}

, I ,

21,100 '6,300 10,500

I

42,1001 I

9,300

!

iI

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' - -..1.

Quartz Dolomite Clay ...

Magnesi tEl

T6g.:.QS

E/CN.14/INR/WP/1

Pll€9 20

The cost of r'"w mr.te r-i a.Ls in ;;1000 per y8c.r, is a s follows:

DAR 'I'ot a.L

Clay 338 100 168 • 674 1,280

lljagn.csi te Dolomite'

Tota L

7H

273

31>

1,3;1

5'0

" 212

i

372 :).22 .24 686

34

3,352 1,667 168

as follows:

Fire clay Maenesite I'olomi te Linas

- - -

Tota.l

hlE....:rio.. _, I\10rOCco Tunisi::>. UAR Totd - - - , . _ -.-".~..

-- --

1,400 420 700 2,800 5,320

1,360 1,020 680 3,060 6,120

720 560 320 2,800 4,400

276 180 180

i

630 1,21>0

..._--- --..

^~_

... ,. -,.- _... -+-_ .. -..----_... ,-.-

_______

~'1.50_._3,~8?_

^{. 1,880}

~.2~~9?

^17,100

These prerequisites h~vinb been l~id d~wn, i t is ~ossible

to show in Annex II thG bre~kC.cwn of eXI·,mdi ture involved. in the manut'ac tur e of r-e f'r-actc r'y jr-o uucte ,

follows:

T69-05

The resultinG figures are" as

E/CN.14/mR/IlP/1

PB€9 21 '['.,ELE 10

Ca...~~~_l._a.~~_G.ns relatin~_ __ _ ,- to the turnover or- .:~fr."c ory' Iro uc s p a n st d t 1 t

J.:~opo8_e_d-

Al c8ria ^!i;orocco DAR Tunisia Sub-

-,

^.._~.- -'_.'~-"-"---'-

_

^..-

^._-

,2'.-"gion Capacity tons/year 4°,UOO 21,O;>~; lCO,UOO 20,C00 :181, CGO

Investment ~lOCrO 4,400 2,400 10,000 2,400 lSi,2UO

Amortiz.::.tion

"

^{413.0 223. ° ;;5 0. 0 228. ° 1,324}

r'~Clintana.nce

"

^{160.6 87.6 3_5.0 87.- 701}

Interest

"

^{.6.0 36.0 150.0: 3•• 0 288 ;}

Insuro.nce and

miscellaneous " ^{44.0 24.0}

so.O

^{24.0 192 !}

, Hages and salaries

"

^{314.0 170. ° '87.0 170.0 1,3.. 1}

!

Ho li cuys and chc:.rgcs " ^{31.4 17.0 6Si.0 17.0 134,} ,

Profits

"

^{H6.0 336.0 1,400.0 336.0 2 688 .}

,

^,

Interest on working

cc.pitaI

"

^{48.0 24.0 90.0 24.0 18~}

.haw m::lteri,'J.,ls

"

^{1,3;;1.0: 896.0 3,494.0; _86.0 3,494}

Elactricity

"

^{123.8 78.6 288.0 '5.2 556}

Fuel

"

^{191. 0 . 74.0 300.0'}I ^{100.1 6-5}

Gross turnover

"

3,403.8 1,971.2 7,893.0 1773·9 15,042

Valu~ Cldded " ^{1,379.4 751. 0 3,106.0. 151.0 5,5;81i}

Currdnt s811inb" rricG

"

3,7')0.0 2,180.0 S, 2S'O.0, 1330.0 1"{,100

- - - ~ ~..

---_.

--~'---"-

-_.---_._---

^{-._. ---} ~'-"--'-

.----

In this report, ^l,;,'(j h ^"V0 ccnsi ce re d the ill. r-ket for r-ef'r-uctor-y products in the North .if'r-Lc an c cunt.ri e s us ~·.-ell 3.8 j r-e s ent c onaump t.Lcn ,

and >18 have e st i m-itc d the c c n s umj. tien at' t.he s e products up to 1980.

T69-05

E/cN.1,4/Bffij\IP

11

Page 22

The f'utur-e consumption of r-ef'r ac t.or'y products, justi t'Le s us in pr-opo'ei ng the construction of flants to mJnufacture such products, in order ~o

•

meet future requirem~nts. C~lcul~tions r61ating to turnover indic~t~

•

th~t the propos~d vl"nts would be viable, ~nd th~t it ~ill be possib18 to est~Llish the m~nuf~cture of !efr~ctory products in order to meet the total r-ef'r cct cr-y rieeds of the North Afric::m countries.

jLant wi th rroduction of

•

40,000 tons per ye"r;

The propobed ned plants ~re as follows'

, ,

Algeria:

,'f

One

~'lorocco:

.One pl",nt ,.,i th production of 21,000 tens per ye"rj 'I'uni s i.a e

One pLunt wi tIl pr-o duct i on, oiAt 20,00C: tons I'Br y aar ;

Unite~ Ar~b fiepublio:

Ond or t~o pl~nts _itt proQuction of 100,000 tons per year •

,. •

^,

A£greg~tBd figures r81~tin~ to thes~ new ~lants will be found

•

in 'r~ble 10. 111e conaider~tions expr8s88d in this report, 3n~ the

I ,

r-esuLtillg c oncLusi one , dEju:Qn8tr~te tht. ... dvant age e of c st c.bLi.ah i.ng th8 d.omcsti c manuf actur-e of r-e f'r-act cr-y products in Nor tr, ":lfricu. and in- di cⁱ te th8 pr-c ap e ct s of th at industry.

T69-05

,.

•

Al\NEX I

E/CIl.14/INR/'fP/l

PD€9 13

Refractory products - foreit;n trade^J c.omceti c production arid c oneumpt i on in Korth af'ri cc,

.--~._--- - - - -..

_---

^---_

.. - - - . _ . __ ^._---_. __

^....

32,391 29,678

--t~>

265 ,U.o::.._.R.

tons ~

.,

,

, 6,761 1,~53,G74 4,310 597 ,196

~

34, _B~

145,763 64,502 Sud'.m

tons

1,063 410

12 1 1

I ,

95,366 105 , 313 ;

3~,-,544 ; 659,156 605,3 15 1,103

1,750 2,7 8 0 5,3217 4,205

1,300 1l~,545 ' 77,547

105,475 :41,712 96 , 123 .47,060 96,583 30G,637 216,402 308,233

30':;',3(;(,

'-t·J6 , 7 j 6 752,':;',5

~,729

2,i;:51 2,020

3,~50

5,00, 7,406 . 444 ')38

1f48L~

4SS2')1 ')31 41,413

130,833 56,537 10,1:,0 2150:/

6321 5,356 393,150

1,600 2,OG7!/

1,700 176,017

ISba

I lS;bl .;:; : 1562

;,; ; 1963

~ 1964

""1 ._I 1965 , 1960

.;g .

19611962

"_o 15163 _. '" , 1964 . ..:; , 1965

I

Algeri2. Libya )'lorocco 'I'uni si a

tons t tons ~ 'to-ns... , tons ~,

..

---r--.-~----.----.--.--~-.--.-.--.-.--.--

...

---~-.---

-- ---

^{.~ ----~.}

_.-...-.._- - ---

^-~--

--- -

. 1960

3 :

1961 :;:; ; 1962 .:

g .

1963

g !

1964

t :

¹⁹⁶⁵

i

,

: 1960

3 ;

¹⁹⁶¹

.... . 1962

+'_{.... 17 0}[;/3

3 •

1964

i'J

'1965

'->o

5,356 398,150¹

1,600 2,007

1,700 176,017

215

'8

• ~• • • ,,__ • • _ 0 • • _ _ •_ _~._ _ , _

S,309

~,,31';

5,681 6,751 8,594 11,174

3,0~4

3,601 41,413. 4,345 130,833, :',000 58,537, 3,841 10,140 4,259

493,737 494,20;

:;28 3J3 627 ,182 801,660 1039,182

~o2,S79

363,275 461,757

4

19 , 005 361,984 383,320

1,360 1,103 1,75;0

~,7i30

5,325-

4,~65

1l~,5451

I

,

95,354' 13e ,313 ;_/

,

322,54.; . 659,156.

605 , 315 '

1,063 410

84,439 145,763 64,502

411°⁰⁰ 42,000 ,'~3,000 .63,000 , 78. ,000

:53,322 ,46,045

..

-

T69-05

E/CN.14/INRjWP/1 Page 24 .

•

~."ak5t0~_~~~JCE:n.<i~!:,r:. ~nv~l\T."d_iE_t~:...,:,::,m~!'.::~t:>r.e..~

r.

,,:e~!.'''!?tory

. -

products

---_.

in North^--. Afric~

.,..--- - , - - - . - - - - -..----.---.---..- - - "'lfilfted'i\rab-

~lgeria ~cr0cco Tun1si~ hepublj?

•

•

Pire clay

I~lagnesite Do Lomite lJinas

Total capacity

ton3/ye3~

Uni t investment <:;/ton .i

20,000 6,000 i

o,coo

40.COO 3,000 6,000 4',000 18.. 000

S,OOO 7,000 4,000 3';>,000

3,000 2,000 _2~oco 7,000

40,000 21, COO 20,COO 100,000

110 120 . 120- 100

Ca.l-ital equipment:

BuildinGs /' '/e ,

...

₅₅₌₄₅

Total investment "^:; 4,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 10,000,000 Equipment .t 2,420,000 1,320,000 1,320,000 5,500,000 Buildings ^.:~~ 1:,980,000 1, aBO, 000 1,080,000 4,500,000 Amortization:

147" for equipment ^{c.y .} 338,000 184,300 184,800 770,000 470 for buildings ^~ 79,200 43,200 43,200 130,000

Total ^.;5 418,000 228,000 228, GOO 950,000

i'I..:aintenance :-

57, for equipment ^{{;. '} 121,000 66,000 66,000 275,000

2t

for building's ^y 39,600 21,600 21,600 90,0(·0

Total 4: 160,000 37,600 87,600 3bS,OCJO

Interest:

3;v of half capital • ^{lob,000 36,000 36,000 150t 000} Insurance and miscel-

laneous: l;i, of capital .!~ 44,000 24,000 24,000 100,000

Froductivity tons/year 150 140 140 160

T69-05

,

•

Al.n:x II (c0ntd.)

lllorocco 'I'uni s i a

lI,/CN.14/ I NR/\i1/1 fa.ge 25

"LnIted Arib Republic

•

Numbers emrloyed na • 2bt 142 625

fer carita w~ces and

salaries _~~/ye3.r

Total w~~es and salaries 'Holidays, char-ge s s 10},

I'r ofi t s e

14~ of investment •

Raw rnaterials :~:'

Electricity:

lOOOk~h/ye~r (~Ok~h/

ton)

Fuel: _tons/ye~r Dr 1000 cu.m./year harking c3.,itdl

Inter8st on \larkin;

capital E13ctrici ty Fuel

T69-05

1,180 1,200 1,200 1,100

•

^•

31.:;,'000 .17~,000 170,000 687,000 31,400 17,OCO 17,('00 65, 000

•

'16,000 33',000 336,0('0 1,400,C00

•

1',39.1,000 396,000 '86,000 3,494,Oco

•

_{1,850 1,800}

3,600 9,000

7,500 3,940 3,750 18,750

800,000 ~90,ooO il·00,000 1,5(,0,(,00 48,000 24,000 24, ('00 90,000 123,8uo 73,600 ^{' 6'),200} 268, WO 151,CUO 74,000 100,~GO 3 OCJ,coo

-.-- ,._"--- ----^..~.- --- "-.-

._-_.-

AlIREX III

E!CN~14/DmjllP!1 Page 26

Refractory products ill the Uni ted ;-.r,'8._~~y'ub1.~~

F~odu_{~_tI~E}1.3ema!1.9-.L._~I~F.:I,.?ym!.'!'.!...:::Ed_{_~}nv0f1~m?nts._19. 60-1966

--- ---

----

--- - - - - - - - , , - - - " --19601961 1962----_...- ,.. _----""-.--, _.'1963 19~4-,----~.. -1965, 1966~._._-+_._~--•.- .-"

crooo 1,'.10

1000

tons

47

:1,,-+24 -1,489 1,593

42 43 - -3

1.

2.

Capaci ty Gross Ollt]Cut

(a) value (b) quantity

1000 tons; 50 50

•

50

75 75

.

.

1,,,,15·

.8

75

.

^~

2,OSS- 13

75

1,9'16 71 3. Value added £1000 600 627 672 716 5>5C 745' 8'17

4.

^l:ixports

(a) value (b) quantity

£lOGO 1000 tons,

I

379

6.5

201 4.2

402

'i97

7.1 10.4

•

2&7

3.8

304 .•

3.8 ^11,2784

605

2,29~

~58

520

. 2,32b ,.+37

2,182 .2,3b3 .2,780 _ 71. v⁰ 7b'' ;8 - 8"~.L⁰ I^,

I

I_I

2,095

73.4

! . 1,625 '1,8'71

46.2 50.1

number 4.,1000

__________1. _

1, (a) value (b) quanti ty

Lomestic demand

(-2 + 5 - 4)

noaa

i1,789

1000

tons,

, 53.5

i

I

_I

II

i

EnI]Cloyment, total of which

I

Fixed capi tal

!

formation £1000-

Imj.,orts (a) value (b) quantit;y

---,- 5.

6.

7.

8.

T69-05

.... ^" ...